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Early-Life Toxic Insults and Onset of Sporadic Neurodegenerative Diseases-an Overview of Experimental Studies. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 29:231-264. [PMID: 26695168 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origin of health and disease hypothesis states that adverse fetal and early childhood exposures can predispose to obesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) in adult life. Early exposure to environmental chemicals interferes with developmental programming and induces subclinical alterations that may hesitate in pathophysiology and behavioral deficits at a later life stage. The mechanisms by which perinatal insults lead to altered programming and to disease later in life are still undefined. The long latency between exposure and onset of disease, the difficulty of reconstructing early exposures, and the wealth of factors which the individual is exposed to during the life course make extremely difficult to prove the developmental origin of NDDs in clinical and epidemiological studies. An overview of animal studies assessing the long-term effects of perinatal exposure to different chemicals (heavy metals and pesticides) supports the link between exposure and hallmarks of neurodegeneration at the adult stage. Furthermore, models of maternal immune activation show that brain inflammation in early life may enhance adult vulnerability to environmental toxins, thus supporting the multiple hit hypothesis for NDDs' etiology. The study of prospective animal cohorts may help to unraveling the complex pathophysiology of sporadic NDDs. In vivo models could be a powerful tool to clarify the mechanisms through which different kinds of insults predispose to cell loss in the adult age, to establish a cause-effect relationship between "omic" signatures and disease/dysfunction later in life, and to identify peripheral biomarkers of exposure, effects, and susceptibility, for translation to prospective epidemiological studies.
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102
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Elbaz A, Kab S, Moisan F. Épidémiologie et facteurs de risque professionnels des pathologies neuro-dégénératives. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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103
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Povey AC, McNamee R, Alhamwi H, Stocks SJ, Watkins G, Burns A, Agius R. Pesticide exposure and screen-positive neuropsychiatric disease in British sheep farmers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:262-270. [PMID: 25462674 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence linking low dose pesticide exposure and chronic ill-health in UK sheep farmers is limited. Our aim was to examine whether neuropsychiatric disorders were associated with low dose chronic and/or more acute pesticide exposure in sheep farmers. METHODS A cohort of British farmers working in the 1970s was sent a screening questionnaire which asked about their health and work history. The prevalence of screen-positive depression, dementia, Parkinsonism and neuropathy was determined using a priori algorithms. Self-reported pesticide exposure was assessed by whether the participant had ever handled the pesticide concentrate (for low dose chronic exposure) or sought advice for pesticide poisoning (acute exposure) and participants categorised into those with only acute or chronic exposure, those with both acute and chronic exposure and those with neither acute nor chronic exposure. Associations between acute and chronic pesticide exposure, and screen-positive ill-health were determined after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, occupation and somatic severity scores and other variables. RESULTS In those participants, who had never sought advice for pesticide poisoning, handling the pesticide concentrate for treating sheep was associated with elevated ORs for screen-positive neuropathy (ORadi 1.57 95%CI 0.97-2.54) and Parkinsonism (ORadj 1.56 95%CI 0.95-2.56) but not depression or dementia. In those participants who had handled the pesticide concentrate, seeking advice for pesticide poisoning was associated with screen-positive depression (Odds ratio, ORadj=9.97 95%CI 4.76-20.8 ), dementia (OR=6.94 95%CI 3.44-14.0), Parkinsonism (ORadj=4.77 95% 2.39-9.52), and neuropathy (ORadj=4.77 95%CI 2.39-9.52). Adjustment for somatic severity score modified little the associations with pesticide handling in those not acutely exposed but reduced the ORs for seeking advice for pesticide poisoning in those exposed chronically. Furthermore, stratification of results based upon somatic severity score indicated that the highest ORs for handling the pesticide concentrate associated with neuropathy and Parkinsonism were found in those participants whose somatic score was minimal. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with low-dose exposure to pesticides being associated with screen-positive neuropathy and Parkinsonism but the stronger associations between seeking advice for pesticide poisoning and screen-positive ill-health suggest that acute pesticide exposure remains an important determinant of ill-health. Further work is required to better delineate to what extent low dose exposures may contribute to ill-health in populations without acute exposures. Somatising tendency does not appear to play an important role in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Povey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Roseanne McNamee
- Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Haytham Alhamwi
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - S Jill Stocks
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Watkins
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Burns
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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104
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Koureas M, Tsezou A, Tsakalof A, Orfanidou T, Hadjichristodoulou C. Increased levels of oxidative DNA damage in pesticide sprayers in Thessaly Region (Greece). Implications of pesticide exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:358-364. [PMID: 25089694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides substances nowadays largely guarantees the protection of crops and people from undesired pests. However, exposure to pesticides was related to a variety of human health effects. The present study was conducted in the region of Thessaly which is characterized by intensive agricultural activities and wide use of pesticides. The study aimed at estimating the oxidative damage to DNA in different subpopulations in Thessaly region (Greece) and investigating its correlation with exposure to pesticides and other potential risk factors. In total, the study involved 80 pesticide sprayers, 85 rural residents and 121 individuals, inhabitants of the city of Larissa. Demographic characteristics, habits, medical history and exposure history of the participants to pesticides were recorded by personal interviews. Blood and urine samples were collected from all participants. For the measurement of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides, dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites were quantified in urine, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and the oxidation by-product 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was determined by Enzyme Immuno-Assay. Urinary metabolite concentrations were not associated with 8-OHdG levels but it was found that pesticide sprayers had significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG (p=0.007) in comparison to the control group. Last season's exposure to insecticides and fungicides, expressed as total area treated multiplied by the number of applications, showed a statistically significant association with the risk of having high 8-OHdG levels [RR: 2.19 (95%CI:1.09-4.38) and RR: 2.32 (95% CI:1.16-4.64) respectively]. Additionally, from the subgroups of pesticides examined, seasonal exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides [RR: 2.22 (95% CI:1.07-4.63)] and glufosinate ammonium [RR: 3.26 (95% CI:1.38-7.69)] was found to have the greater impact on 8-OHdG levels. This study produced findings that support the hypothesis that pesticide exposure is involved in the induction of oxidative damage to DNA and identified chemical groups of pesticides which should be given greater attention in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Koureas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, Larissa 41222, Greece
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Andreas Tsakalof
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, Larissa 41222, Greece; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Timoklia Orfanidou
- Department of Biomedical Research and Technology, Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), 51 Papanastasiou Street, Larissa 41222, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, Larissa 41222, Greece.
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105
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Pesticides exposure as etiological factors of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases—A mechanistic approach. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:85-103. [PMID: 24503016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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106
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Wang A, Lin Y, Wu Y, Zhang D. Macronutrients intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:606-16. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wang
- Department of Nursing; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics; Qingdao University Medical College; Qingdao China
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107
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Cha ES, Jeong M, Lee WJ. Agricultural Pesticide Usage and Prioritization in South Korea. J Agromedicine 2014; 19:281-93. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2014.917349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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108
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Dairy foods intake and risk of Parkinson’s disease: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29:613-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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109
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease and its pathological feature is a loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra. Some commonly used pesticides possess neurotoxicity, and exposure to such compounds may trigger mechanisms similar to those in the development of idiopathic PD. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiological studies, aiming at a critical evaluation of the association between the development of PD and pesticide exposure. Reported effect sizes (ES) in the relevant studies were pooled into the meta-analysis to derive summary ES. The summary ES suggested a significantly positive association between PD and overall pesticide use (non-occupational and/or occupational pesticide use) [1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 1.52, the fixed-effects model], as well as between PD and occupational pesticide exposure (1.49 with a 95% CI of 1.34-1.66). Both occupational herbicide and occupational insecticide exposure showed a significant association with PD. The results of the meta-analysis reported in this study suggest the existence of a statistically positive association between PD and pesticide exposure. The majority of the studies that were pooled in the meta-analysis were case-control design with very few cohort studies and most with poor exposure characterization thus, any further case-control studies using similar methodologies are unlikely to have a significant impact or understanding on the currently-reported association between pesticide exposure and the development of idiopathic PD. Therefore, we believe that if further epidemiological studies are going to be conducted in the area, they should be prospective cohort studies that will include accurate exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Takamiya Allen
- Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
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110
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Ntzani EE, Ntritsos G CM, Evangelou E, Tzoulaki I. Literature review on epidemiological studies linking exposure to pesticides and health effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2013.en-497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Evangelou
- University of Ioannina Medical School Grecce
| | - I Tzoulaki
- University of Ioannina Medical School Grecce
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111
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Ammal Kaidery N, Tarannum S, Thomas B. Epigenetic landscape of Parkinson's disease: emerging role in disease mechanisms and therapeutic modalities. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:698-708. [PMID: 24030213 PMCID: PMC3805874 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial disorder marked by extensive system-wide pathology, including a substantial loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The etiology of PD remains elusive, but there is considerable evidence that, in addition to well-defined genetic mechanisms environmental factors play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis. How the environment might influence the genetic factors and contribute to disease development and progression remains unclear. In recent years, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and alterations in gene expression via non-coding RNAs have begun to be revealed as potential factors in PD pathogenesis. Epigenetic modulation exists throughout life, beginning in prenatal stages, is dependent on the lifestyle, environmental exposure and genetic makeup of an individual and may serve as a missing link between PD risk factors and development of the disease. This chapter sheds light on the emerging role of epigenetics in disease pathogenesis and on prospective interventional strategies for the therapeutic modulation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- />Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB-3618, 30912 Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shaista Tarannum
- />Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB-3618, 30912 Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bobby Thomas
- />Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB-3618, 30912 Augusta, Georgia
- />Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB-3618, 30912 Augusta, Georgia
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112
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Narayan S, Liew Z, Paul K, Lee PC, Sinsheimer JS, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. Household organophosphorus pesticide use and Parkinson's disease. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:1476-85. [PMID: 24057998 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household pesticide use is widespread in the USA. Since the 1970s, organophosphorus chemicals (OPs) have been common active ingredients in these products. Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to pesticide exposures but little is known about the contributions of chronic exposures to household pesticides. Here we investigate whether long-term use of household pesticides, especially those containing OPs, increases the odds of PD. METHODS In a population-based case-control study, we assessed frequency of household pesticide use for 357 cases and 807 controls, relying on the California Department of Pesticide Regulation product label database to identify ingredients in reported household pesticide products and the Pesticide Action Network pesticide database of chemical ingredients. Using logistic regression we estimated the effects of household pesticide use. RESULTS Frequent use of any household pesticide increased the odds of PD by 47% [odds ratio (OR)=1.47, (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.92)]; frequent use of products containing OPs increased the odds of PD more strongly by 71% [OR=1.71, (95% CI: 1.21, 2.41)] and frequent organothiophosphate use almost doubled the odds of PD. Sensitivity analyses showed that estimated effects were independent of other pesticide exposures (ambient and occupational) and the largest odds ratios were estimated for frequent OP users who were carriers of the 192QQ paraoxonase genetic variant related to slower detoxification of OPs. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that household use of OP pesticides is associated with an increased risk of developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Narayan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Departments of Human Genetics and Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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113
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Breckenridge CB, Sturgess NC, Butt M, Wolf JC, Zadory D, Beck M, Mathews JM, Tisdel MO, Minnema D, Travis KZ, Cook AR, Botham PA, Smith LL. Pharmacokinetic, neurochemical, stereological and neuropathological studies on the potential effects of paraquat in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum of male C57BL/6J mice. Neurotoxicology 2013; 37:1-14. [PMID: 23523781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and neurotoxicity of paraquat dichloride (PQ) were assessed following once weekly administration to C57BL/6J male mice by intraperitoneal injection for 1, 2 or 3 weeks at doses of 10, 15 or 25 mg/kg/week. Approximately 0.3% of the administered dose was taken up by the brain and was slowly eliminated, with a half-life of approximately 3 weeks. PQ did not alter the concentration of dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), or increase dopamine turnover in the striatum. There was inconsistent stereological evidence of a loss of DA neurons, as identified by chromogenic or fluorescent-tagged antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). There was no evidence that PQ induced neuronal degeneration in the SNpc or degenerating neuronal processes in the striatum, as indicated by the absence of uptake of silver stain or reduced immunolabeling of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive (TH(+)) neurons. There was no evidence of apoptotic cell death, which was evaluated using TUNEL or caspase 3 assays. Microglia (IBA-1 immunoreactivity) and astrocytes (GFAP immunoreactivity) were not activated in PQ-treated mice 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 96 or 168 h after 1, 2 or 3 doses of PQ. In contrast, mice dosed with the positive control substance, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 10mg/kg/dose×4 doses, 2 h apart), displayed significantly reduced DA and DOPAC concentrations and increased DA turnover in the striatum 7 days after dosing. The number of TH(+) neurons in the SNpc was reduced, and there were increased numbers of degenerating neurons and neuronal processes in the SNpc and striatum. MPTP-mediated cell death was not attributed to apoptosis. MPTP activated microglia and astrocytes within 4 h of the last dose, reaching a peak within 48 h. The microglial response ended by 96 h in the SNpc, but the astrocytic response continued through 168 h in the striatum. These results bring into question previous published stereological studies that report loss of TH(+) neurons in the SNpc of PQ-treated mice. This study also suggests that even if the reduction in TH(+) neurons reported by others occurs in PQ-treated mice, this apparent phenotypic change is unaccompanied by neuronal cell death or by modification of dopamine levels in the striatum.
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114
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Mostafalou S, Abdollahi M. Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:157-77. [PMID: 23402800 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with the wide use of pesticides in the world, the concerns over their health impacts are rapidly growing. There is a huge body of evidence on the relation between exposure to pesticides and elevated rate of chronic diseases such as different types of cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson, Alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), birth defects, and reproductive disorders. There is also circumstantial evidence on the association of exposure to pesticides with some other chronic diseases like respiratory problems, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, chronic nephropathies, autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematous and rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and aging. The common feature of chronic disorders is a disturbance in cellular homeostasis, which can be induced via pesticides' primary action like perturbation of ion channels, enzymes, receptors, etc., or can as well be mediated via pathways other than the main mechanism. In this review, we present the highlighted evidence on the association of pesticide's exposure with the incidence of chronic diseases and introduce genetic damages, epigenetic modifications, endocrine disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), impairment of ubiquitin proteasome system, and defective autophagy as the effective mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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