101
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Gao H, Zhang L, Lu Z, He C, Li Q, Na G. Complex migration of antibiotic resistance in natural aquatic environments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:1-9. [PMID: 28986079 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a worsening global concern, and the environmental behaviors and migration patterns of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have attracted considerable interest. Understanding the long-range transport of ARG pollution is crucial. In this study, we characterized the dynamics of ARG changes after their release into aquatic environments and demonstrated the importance of traditional chemical contaminants in the transmission mechanisms of ARGs. We hypothesized that the main route of ARG proliferation switches from active transmission to passive transmission. This antibiotic-dominated switch is motivated and affected by non-corresponding contaminants. The effect of anthropogenic activities gradually weakens from inland aquatic environments to ocean environments; however, the effect of changes in environmental conditions is enhanced along this gradient. The insights discussed in this study will help to improve the understanding of the distribution and migration of ARG pollution in various aquatic environments, and provide a modern perspective to reveal the effect of corresponding contaminants and non-corresponding contaminants in the process of antibiotic resistance proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Linxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China; School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zihao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Chunming He
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China; School of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qianwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China; School of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China.
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102
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Auguet O, Pijuan M, Borrego CM, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Triadó-Margarit X, Giustina SVD, Gutierrez O. Sewers as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:1047-1054. [PMID: 28709370 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater transport along sewers favors the colonization of inner pipe surfaces by wastewater-derived microorganisms that grow forming biofilms. These biofilms are composed of rich and diverse microbial communities that are continuously exposed to antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) from urban wastewater. Sewer biofilms thus appear as an optimal habitat for the dispersal and accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the concentration of antibiotics, integron (intI1) and antibiotic resistance genes (qnrS, sul1, sul2, blaTEM, blaKPC, ermB, tetM and tetW), and potential bacterial pathogens were analyzed in wastewater and biofilm samples collected at the inlet and outlet sections of a pressurized sewer pipe. The most abundant ARGs detected in both wastewater and biofilm samples were sul1 and sul2 with roughly 1 resistance gene for each 10 copies of 16s RNA gene. Significant differences in the relative abundance of gene intI1 and genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones (qnrS), sulfonamides (sul1 and sul2) and betalactams (blaTEM) were only measured between inlet and outlet biofilm samples. Composition of bacterial communities also showed spatial differences in biofilms and a higher prevalence of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) with high sequence identity (>98%) to well-known human pathogens was observed in biofilms collected at the inlet pipe section. Our study highlights the role of sewer biofilms as source and sink of ARB and ARGs and supports the idea that community composition rather than antibiotic concentration is the main factor driving the diversity of the sewage resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Auguet
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Maite Pijuan
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Triadó-Margarit
- Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CEAB-CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Saulo Varela Della Giustina
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Oriol Gutierrez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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103
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Impact of point sources on antibiotic resistance genes in the natural environment: a systematic review of the evidence. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 18:112-127. [DOI: 10.1017/s146625231700007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThere is a growing concern about the role of the environment in the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). In this systematic review, we summarize evidence for increases of ARG in the natural environment associated with potential sources of ARB and ARG such as agricultural facilities and wastewater treatment plants. A total of 5247 citations were identified, including studies that ascertained both ARG and ARB outcomes. All studies were screened for relevance to the question and methodology. This paper summarizes the evidence only for those studies with ARG outcomes (n= 24). Sixteen studies were at high (n= 3) or at unclear (n= 13) risk of bias in the estimation of source effects due to lack of information or failure to control for confounders. Statistical methods were used in nine studies; three studies assessed the effect of multiple sources using modeling approaches, and none reported effect measures. Most studies reported higher ARG concentration downstream/near the source, but heterogeneous findings hindered making any sound conclusions. To quantify increases of ARG in the environment due to specific point sources, there is a need for studies that emphasize analytic or design control of confounding, and that provide effect measure estimates.
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104
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Lekunberri I, Villagrasa M, Balcázar JL, Borrego CM. Contribution of bacteriophage and plasmid DNA to the mobilization of antibiotic resistance genes in a river receiving treated wastewater discharges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:206-209. [PMID: 28551539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we quantified eleven antibiotic compounds and nine antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water samples collected upstream and downstream of the discharge point from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) into the Ter River. Antibiotics were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, whereas the concentration of ARGs in bacterial, phage and plasmid DNA fractions was determined by real-time PCR to explore their contribution to environmental antibiotic resistance. WWTP discharges resulted in higher concentrations of antibiotic residues as well as ARGs in water samples collected downstream the impact point. Specifically, genes conferring resistance to macrolides (ermB), fluoroquinolones (qnrS) and tetracyclines (tetW) showed significant differences (p<0.05) between upstream and downstream sites in the three DNA fractions (i.e. bacteria, plasmids and phages). Interestingly, genes conferring resistance to β-lactams (blaTEM, blaNDM and blaKPC) and glycopeptides (vanA) only showed significant differences (p<0.05) between upstream and downstream sites in phage and plasmid DNA but not in the bacterial DNA fraction. Our results show for the first time the extent to which phages and plasmids contribute to the mobilization of ARGs in an aquatic environment exposed to chronic antibiotic pollution via WWTP discharges. Accordingly, these mobile genetic elements should be included in further studies to get a global view of the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Lekunberri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Villagrasa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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105
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Jia S, Zhang XX, Miao Y, Zhao Y, Ye L, Li B, Zhang T. Fate of antibiotic resistance genes and their associations with bacterial community in livestock breeding wastewater and its receiving river water. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:259-268. [PMID: 28763642 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of antibiotics are currently used in livestock breeding, which is the main driving factor contributing to the occurrence, spread and proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In this study, high-throughput sequencing based metagenomic approaches were employed to characterize the tempo-spacial changes of antibiotic resistome, bacterial community and their correlations in pig farming wastewater and its receiving river. A total of 194 ARG subtypes within 14 ARG types were detectable in all the samples, and their total relative abundance increased in the river water after receiving wastewater discharge, while decreased in the downstream river water. Network analysis showed that 25.26% ARGs within the same type or among the different types showed higher incidences of non-random co-occurrence. The wastewater discharge evidently increased bacterial diversity and induced bacterial community shift in the receiving river water. The genera of Treponema, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Oscillibacter and Acholeplasma dominated in the wastewater samples and almost disappeared in the receiving river water, but bacterial pathogens Clostridium difficile and Arcobacter butzleri still occurred in the receiving water. Correlation analysis and host analysis consistently showed that the changes in the abundances of several key genera like Prevotella and Treponema were significantly and positively correlated with the antibiotic resistome alteration. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that bacterial community played a more important role in the resistome alteration than mobile genetic elements. This study may help to understand the correlations among antibiotic resistome, microbiota and environmental conditions in the wastewater-receiving river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bing Li
- Environmental Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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106
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Subirats J, Triadó-Margarit X, Mandaric L, Acuña V, Balcázar JL, Sabater S, Borrego CM. Wastewater pollution differently affects the antibiotic resistance gene pool and biofilm bacterial communities across streambed compartments. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5567-5581. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jèssica Subirats
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA); Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Xavier Triadó-Margarit
- Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes; CEAB-CSIC; Blanes Girona Spain
- Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology; Institute of Aquatic Ecology; University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Ladislav Mandaric
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA); Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA); Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA); Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA); Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona; Girona Spain
- GRECO; Institute of Aquatic Ecology; University of Girona; Girona Spain
| | - Carles M. Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA); Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona; Girona Spain
- Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology; Institute of Aquatic Ecology; University of Girona; Girona Spain
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107
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Guo MT, Zhang GS. Graphene oxide in the water environment could affect tetracycline-antibiotic resistance. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:197-203. [PMID: 28549325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the influence of new materials like nanoparticles in the water environment on biological substances has been widely studied. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represent a new type of pollutant in the environment. Graphene oxide (GO), as a nano material, because of its unique structure, may have an impact on antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and ARGs; however the research in this area is rarely reported. Therefore, this study mainly investigated the effects of GO on bacterial antibiotic resistance. The results showed that GO had a limited effect on ARB inactivation. A high concentration of GO (>10 mg/L) can damage resistant plasmids to reduce bacterial resistance to antibiotics, but low concentrations of GO (<1 mg/L) led to almost no damage to the plasmid. However, all tested concentrations of GO promoted the conjugative transfer from 1to over 3 folds, with low concentrations and high concentration (1-10 and 100 mg/L) of GO samples the least promoted. The overall effect of GO on antibiotic resistance needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
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108
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Lupan I, Carpa R, Oltean A, Kelemen BS, Popescu O. Release of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria by a Waste Treatment Plant from Romania. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:219-225. [PMID: 28781345 PMCID: PMC5606691 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance are subjects of great interest, and the role of wastewater treatment plants has been attracting particular interest. These stations are a reservoir of bacteria, have a large range of organic and inorganic substances, and the amount of bacteria released into the environment is very high. The main purpose of the present study was to assess the removal degree of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics and identify the contribution of a wastewater treatment plant to the microbiota of Someşul Mic river water in Cluj county. The resistance to sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline and some of their representative resistance genes: sul1, tet(O), and tet(W) were assessed in this study. The results obtained showed that bacteria resistant to sulphonamides were more abundant than those resistant to tetracycline. The concentration of bacteria with antibiotic resistance changed after the treatment, namely, bacteria resistant to sulfamethoxazole. The removal of all bacteria and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was 98–99% and the degree of removal of bacteria resistant to tetracycline was higher than the bacteria resistant to sulfamethoxazole compared to total bacteria. The wastewater treatment plant not only contributed to elevating ARG concentrations, it also enhanced the possibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by increasing the abundance of the intI1 gene. Even though the treatment process reduced the concentration of bacteria by two orders of magnitude, the wastewater treatment plant in Cluj-Napoca contributed to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria concentrations up to 10 km downstream of its discharge in Someşul Mic river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Lupan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
| | - Rahela Carpa
- Babeş Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Andreea Oltean
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
| | - Beatrice Simona Kelemen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
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109
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Li S, Zhang S, Ye C, Lin W, Zhang M, Chen L, Li J, Yu X. Biofilm processes in treating mariculture wastewater may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:289-296. [PMID: 28285703 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are heavily used in Chinese mariculture, but only a small portion of the added antibiotics are absorbed by living creatures. Biofilm processes are universally used in mariculture wastewater treatment. In this study, removal of antibiotics (norfloxacin, rifampicin, and oxytetracycline) from wastewater by moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) and the influence of antibiotics on reactor biofilm were investigated. The results demonstrated that there was no significant effect of sub-μg/L-sub-mg/L concentrations of antibiotics on TOC removal. Moreover, the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) in MBBR biofilm increased because of selective pressure of antibiotics. In addition, antibiotics decreased the diversity of the biofilm bacterial community and altered bacterial community structure. These findings provide an empirical basis for the development of appropriate practices for mariculture, and suggest that disinfection and advanced oxidation should be applied to eliminate antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB from mariculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Investigation, Design & Reserch Institute of Water Conservancy & Hydropower of FuJian Provincial, Fuzhou, 350000, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Wenfang Lin
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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110
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Zanotto C, Bissa M, Illiano E, Mezzanotte V, Marazzi F, Turolla A, Antonelli M, De Giuli Morghen C, Radaelli A. Identification of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:627-633. [PMID: 27635645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and diffusion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been a major public health problem for many years now. In this study, antibiotic-resistance of coliforms and Escherichia coli were investigated after their isolation from samples collected in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the Milan area (Italy) along different points of the treatment sequence: inflow to biological treatment; outflow from biological treatment following rapid sand filtration; and outflow from peracetic acid disinfection. The presence of E. coli that showed resistance to ampicillin (AMP) and chloramphenicol (CAF), used as representative antibiotics for the efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was evaluated. After determining E. coli survival using increasing AMP and CAF concentrations, specific single-resistant (AMPR or CAFR) and double-resistant (AMPR/CAFR) strains were identified among E. coli colonies, through amplification of the β-lactamase Tem-1 (bla) and acetyl-transferase catA1 (cat) gene sequences. While a limited number of CAFR bacteria was observed, most AMPR colonies showed the specific resistance genes to both antibiotics, which was mainly due to the presence of the bla gene sequence. The peracetic acid, used as disinfection agent, showed to be very effective in reducing bacteria at the negligible levels of less than 10 CFU/100 mL, compatible with those admitted for the irrigation use of treated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Illiano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Mezzanotte
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marazzi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milan Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Turolla
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Manuela Antonelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Environmental Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Neurosciences, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129, Milan, Italy.
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111
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Rafraf ID, Lekunberri I, Sànchez-Melsió A, Aouni M, Borrego CM, Balcázar JL. Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in five municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Monastir Governorate, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:353-358. [PMID: 27814552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing and significant threat to global public health, requiring better understanding of the sources and mechanisms involved in its emergence and spread. We investigated the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) before and after treatment in five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in different areas of the Monastir Governorate (Tunisia). Three of these WWTPs (Frina, Sahline and Zaouiet) use a conventional activated sludge process as secondary treatment, whereas the WWTP located in Beni Hassen applies an ultraviolet disinfection step after the activated sludge process and the WWTP located in Moknine treats wastewater using naturally aerated lagoons as a secondary treatment process. The abundance of six ARGs (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, qnrA, qnrS, sul I and ermB) and the class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) were determined by quantitative PCR. All ARGs and the intI1 gene were detected in the wastewater samples, except the blaCTX-M gene, which was not detected in both influent and effluent samples from Sahline and Beni Hassen WWTPs, and the qnrS gene, which was not detected neither in the WWTP influent in Moknine nor in the WWTP effluent in Beni Hassen. Although the relative concentration of ARGs was generally found to be similar between samples collected before and after the wastewater treatment, the abundance of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and qnrS genes was higher in the effluent of the Frina WWTP which, unlike other WWTPs, not only receives domestic or industrial sewage but also untreated hospital waste. To the best of our knowledge, this study quantified for the first time the abundance of ARGs in different Tunisian WWTPs, and the results agree with previous studies suggesting that conventional wastewater treatment does not efficiently reduce ARGs. Therefore, these findings could be useful to improve the design or operation of WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbel Denden Rafraf
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Itziar Lekunberri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Sànchez-Melsió
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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112
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Gillings MR. Lateral gene transfer, bacterial genome evolution, and the Anthropocene. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1389:20-36. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gillings
- Genes to Geoscience Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Narciso-da-Rocha C, Manaia CM. Multidrug resistance phenotypes are widespread over different bacterial taxonomic groups thriving in surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:1-9. [PMID: 27131885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The environment is the original and most ancient source of the antibiotic resistance determinants that threat the human health nowadays. In the environment, water is a privileged habitat and mode of dissemination of bacteria of different origins. Freshwater bodies that cross urban areas are supposed to hold a complex mixture of both human/animal origin and strictly environmental bacteria. In this study, we were interested in unveiling the bacterial diversity in urban river transects and, simultaneously, investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, in particular the multidrug resistant (MDR). With this aim, water and sediments of two rivers were sampled from an urban transect and the bacterial diversity was assessed based on 16S rRNA gene-based community analysis and, simultaneously, total heterotrophic bacteria were isolated in the presence and in the absence of antibiotics. The three predominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, in water, or Acidobacteria, in sediments. MDR bacteria were observed to belong to the predominant phyla observed in water, mostly of the classes Gamma- and Betaproteobacteria (Proteobacteria) and Sphingobacteriia and Flavobacteriia (Bacteroidetes) and belonged to genera of ubiquitous (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas) or mainly environmental (Chitinophaga, Chryseobacterium) bacteria. The observation that MDR bacteria are widespread in the environment and over distinct phylogenetic lineages has two relevant implications: i) the potential of environmental bacteria as source or facilitators for antibiotic resistance acquisition; ii) the need to complement culture-independent methods with culture-based approaches in order to identify major sources of MDR profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Narciso-da-Rocha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal.
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Chu W, Chu T, Bond T, Du E, Guo Y, Gao N. Impact of persulfate and ultraviolet light activated persulfate pre-oxidation on the formation of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes from the chlor(am)ination of three antibiotic chloramphenicols. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:48-55. [PMID: 26894475 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate oxidation processes, with and without activation using ultraviolet light (respectively UV/PS and PS) have the potential to degrade anthropogenic chemicals in water. However, little is known about the impact of PS or UV/PS pre-oxidation on downstream formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study the three antibiotic chloramphenicols (chloramphenicol and two of its analogues [thiamphenicol and florfenicol], referred to collectively as CAPs), which frequently occur in wastewater-impacted source waters used by drinking water treatment plants, were selected as model antibiotic compounds. The formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products, including halomethanes, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes, during chlorination and chloramination preceded by PS and UV/PS was investigated. No significant concentrations of haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes were detected during chlorination. During chloramination chloramphenicol formed a considerable amount of dichloronitromethane (e.g., 3.44 ± 0.33% mol/mol at NH2Cl dose = 1 mM) and trichloronitromethane (e.g., 0.79 ± 0.07% mol/mol at NH2Cl dose = 1 mM), compared with THM and HAN formation. PS pre-oxidation achieved a statistically significant reduction in trichloromethane formation from chlorination, and in HAN and HNM formation from chloramination. Although UV/PS slightly increased dichloroacetonitrile formation during chloramination, it significantly decreased dichloronitromethane and trichloronitromethane formation during chloramination. Overall, the use of PS and UV/PS has the potential to have contrasting impacts on DBP formation in heavily wastewater-impacted waters, depending on the disinfection method. Hence, their application needs to be carefully balanced against the downstream effect on DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Tengfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Tom Bond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yingqing Guo
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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