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Borgström A, Hansson LA, Klante C, Sjöstedt J. Wetlands as a potential multifunctioning tool to mitigate eutrophication and brownification. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2945. [PMID: 38286682 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication and brownification are ongoing environmental problems affecting aquatic ecosystems. Due to anthropogenic changes, increasing amounts of organic and inorganic compounds are entering aquatic systems from surrounding catchment areas, increasing both nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and water color with societal, as well as ecological consequences. Several studies have focused on the ability of wetlands to reduce nutrients, whereas data on their potential to reduce TOC and water color are scarce. Here we evaluate wetlands as a potential multifunctional tool for mitigating both eutrophication and brownification. Therefore, we performed a study for 18 months in nine wetlands allowing us to estimate the reduction in concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TOC and water color. We show that wetland reduction efficiency with respect to these variables was generally higher during summer, but many of the wetlands were also efficient during winter. We also show that some, but not all, wetlands have the potential to reduce TOC, water color and nutrients simultaneously. However, the generalist wetlands that reduced all four parameters were less efficient in reducing each of them than the specialist wetlands that only reduced one or two parameters. In a broader context, generalist wetlands have the potential to function as multifunctional tools to mitigate both eutrophication and brownification of aquatic systems. However, further research is needed to assess the design of the generalist wetlands and to investigate the potential of using several specialist wetlands in the same catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borgström
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Klante
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Sweden Water Research, Ideon Science Park, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sjöstedt
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ohkubo A, Sakurasawa T, Hoshikawa Y, Usui M, Hoshi M, Shiga T, Deushi M, Komori S, Itagaki A, Yamamoto H, Seshima H, Kurashima N, Iimori S, Naito S. Evaluation of the treatment volume and removal rate of Rheocarna: A novel adsorption-type blood purification device for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Ther Apher Dial 2023; 27:1017-1022. [PMID: 37589198 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a clinical syndrome defined by peripheral arterial disease (PAD) combined with rest pain, gangrene, or leg ulceration for longer than two weeks resulting in lower extremity amputation. In recent years, low-density lipoprotein apheresis (LDL-A) has been implemented for PAD treatment. However, it has not been possible to ensure insurance coverage for patients with lower LDL levels than 140 mg/dL under cholesterol-lowering drugs. Rheocarna is a novel adsorption-type blood purification device for the treatment of CLTI by adsorbing LDL and fibrinogen (Fib) that is not constrained by hypercholesterolemia and is not amenable to or nonresponsive to revascularization surgery. The only requirements for use are that the blood flow rate increases up to 200 mL/min gradually. METHODS To evaluate the applicability of this treatment procedure, we compared the removal rates of Fib and LDL following Rheocarna therapy using various blood treatment volumes (6, 10.5, and 19.5 L). RESULTS Fib and LDL removal rates were about 20% and 15%-25% per treatment, with no significant differences between treatment volumes. Following treatment with Rheocarna, blood pressure tends to decrease at first, which later increases, and the higher the treatment volume, the longer the time of low blood pressure tended to be. CONCLUSION Although no significant difference was found in the removal rate of Fib and LDL in response to increase volume to 6 L or beyond in this study, the 6 L volume is considered effective enough for the removal of Fib and LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ohkubo
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Sakurasawa
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Hoshikawa
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Usui
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Hoshi
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuto Shiga
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Deushi
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeto Komori
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Itagaki
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seshima
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kurashima
- Medical Engineering Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Iimori
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Naito
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kilgo JC, Vukovich M, Cox KJ, Larsen M, Mims TT, Garabedian JE. Assessing whole-sounder removal versus traditional control for reducing invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3033-3042. [PMID: 36966457 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trapping is commonly used as the primary management tool in attempts to reduce invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), but traditional trapping techniques are often ineffective. However, recently developed traps permit the capture of entire social groups (sounders) of wild pigs, and the strategy of whole-sounder removal may achieve more effective control. Our objective was to experimentally compare traditional control (TC; primarily traditional trapping, but including hunting with dogs, and opportunistic shooting) and whole-sounder removal (WSR) strategies by assessing density reduction and removal rate after 1 and 2 years of treatment. RESULTS After 1 year of trapping, average wild pig density on WSR units declined 53% and remained stable after the second year, whereas on TC units, pig density did not differ after trapping, although it declined 33% and remained stable after the second year of trapping. The median removal rate (percentage of uniquely marked pigs present at the beginning of each year that were removed) was 42.5% for WSR units and 0.0% for TC units during 2018 and were 29.6% from WSR units and 5.3% from TC units during 2019. CONCLUSIONS WSR removal was more effective at reducing wild pig density than TC, but factors such as previous exposure of this population to traditional traps and the lack of barriers to recolonization from surrounding areas may have reduced WSR efficacy. WSR can effectively reduce wild pig density to a greater extent than TC, but managers should recognize the additional time and expense necessary for implementation. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Kyle J Cox
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Michael Larsen
- USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Thomas T Mims
- USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC, USA
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Yan X, Ding J, Shi W, Tang L, Zhang Y, Xu W. Synthesis of Castor Oil-Based Quaternary Ammonium Salt and Modification of Attapulgite for Treating Industrial Wastewaters. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093468. [PMID: 37176350 PMCID: PMC10180249 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop multifunctional quaternary ammonium salts and explore their advantages as modifiers for wastewater treatment, castor oil-based quaternary ammonium salts were synthesised and subsequently used as modifiers for attapulgite treatment. The structures of untreated and treated attapulgite were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. The mechanism of modification was speculated. Various factors such as the amount of modified attapulgite, temperature and pH were also investigated in the batch experiments on the removal rates of acetone and phenol from wastewaters. The synthesis conditions were set as follows: the reaction temperature was 80 °C, the reaction time was 8 h, the molar ratio of castor oil to N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine was 1:5, the catalyst was 6% NaOH and the product yield was about 64.72%. The grafting rate of the castor oil-based quaternary ammonium salt was about 99.6% when the amount of modifier was 0.69 g per 5 g of attapulgite, the ultrasound treatment time was 11 min and the pH was 5. The quaternary ammonium salt was only associated with the surface of attapulgite and did not change the rod-like crystal structure of the silicate. The modified attapulgite is much more fibrous and exhibits a good distribution of crystal bundles. The removal rates were found to be less favourable under strongly acidic and strongly alkaline conditions. Under suitable conditions, for 50 mL industrial wastewaters (phenol: 100-160 mg/L; acetone: 680-800 mg/L), the amount of modified attapulgite was 1 g, the temperature was 80 °C and the pH was 7, and the maximum removal rates of acetone and phenol after 80 min reached about 65.71% and 78.72%, respectively, which were higher than those of ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jianfei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Lanqin Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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5
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Zeng G, He Y, Liang D, Wang F, Luo Y, Yang H, Wang Q, Wang J, Gao P, Wen X, Yu C, Sun D. Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Copper, Cadmium and Nickel by Microcystis aeruginosa. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13867. [PMID: 36360745 PMCID: PMC9656734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the treatment effect of algae biosorbent on heavy metal wastewater, in this paper, the adsorption effect of M. aeruginosa powder on heavy metal ions copper, cadmium and nickel was investigated using the uniform experimental method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG-DSC comprehensive thermal analysis. The experimental results showed that the initial concentration of copper ion solution was 25 mg/L, the temperature was 30 °C, the pH value was 8 and the adsorption time was 5 h, which was the best condition for the removal of copper ions by algae powder adsorption, and the removal rate was 83.24%. The initial concentration of cadmium ion solution was 5 mg/L, the temperature was 35 °C, the pH value was 8 and the adsorption time was 4 h, which was the best condition for the adsorption of cadmium ion by algae powder, and the removal rate was 92.00%. The initial nickel ion solution concentration of 15 mg/L, temperature of 35 °C, pH value of 7 and adsorption time of 1 h were the best conditions for the adsorption of nickel ions by algae powder, and the removal rate was 88.67%. The spatial structure of algae powder changed obviously before and after adsorbing heavy metals. The functional groups such as amino and phosphate groups on the cell wall of M. aeruginosa enhanced the adsorption effect of heavy metal ions copper, cadmium and nickel. Additionally, M. aeruginosa adsorption of heavy metal ions copper, cadmium, nickel is an exothermic process. The above experiments show that M. aeruginosa can be used as a biological adsorbent to remove heavy metals, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent treatment of heavy metal pollution by algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Zeng
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
- Intelligent Building Technology Application Service Center, Chongqing City Vocational College, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yu He
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haodong Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Quanfeng Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, School of Architecture and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chunyi Yu
- Department of Construction Management and Real Estate, Chongqing Jianzhu College, Chongqing 400072, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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6
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Liu R, Xia L, Liu M, Gao Z, Feng J, You H, Qu W, Xing T, Wang J, Zhao Y. Influence of the carbon source concentration on the nitrate removal rate in groundwater. Environ Technol 2022; 43:3355-3365. [PMID: 33886439 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1921053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At present, groundwater nitrate pollution in China is serious. The use of microorganisms for biological denitrification has been widely applied, and it is a universal and efficient in situ groundwater remediation technique, but this approach is influenced by many factors. In this study, glucose was adopted as the carbon source, four different concentrations of 0, 2, 5 and 10 g/L were considered, and natural groundwater with a nitrate concentration of 300.8 mg/L was employed as the experimental solution. The effect of the carbon source concentration on the nitrate removal rate in groundwater was examined through heterotrophic anaerobic denitrification experiments. The results showed that the nitrate removal rate could be improved by the addition of an external carbon source in the process of biological denitrification, and an optimal concentration was observed. At a glucose concentration of 2 g/L, the denitrification effect was the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan Liu
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xia
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Manxi Liu
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjun Gao
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichi You
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlong Qu
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongju Xing
- Qingdao Geo-Engineering Surveying Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Geology and Underground Space Resources, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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7
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Lu YN, Guo YN, Wang K, Lu WD, Wang T, Chai YF, Liu MM, Zhong H, Chen MX, Wei YS. [Distribution of Antibiotic Concentration in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Villages and Towns]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:5008-5015. [PMID: 33124244 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics discharged into the environment cause increased environmental resistance. Four types of antibiotics (quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and β-lactams) were selected for this study. In a comparison with the municipal wastewater plant, the concentration and removal of antibiotics in influent and effluent of domestic wastewater treatment facilities of different scales in villages and towns was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The results showed that the highest amount of ofloxacin in rural wastewater treatment facilities reached 32663.5 ng·L-1. Due to the different situations of influent fluctuation, discharge requirements, and management between urban and rural wastewater plants, only 33% of the rural domestic wastewater facilities detected an antibiotics removal rate of more than 60%. The effective removal of some antibiotics can be achieved when the rural domestic wastewater treatment facilities maintain the standard discharge of conventional pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ya-Ni Guo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Beijing Zhongsi Shuiling Water Treatment Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lu
- Beijing Zhongsi Shuiling Water Treatment Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu-Feng Chai
- Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mei-Xue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuan-Song Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Gao W, Guo J, Xie L, Peng C, He L, Wan X, Hou R. Washing fresh tea leaves before picking decreases pesticide residues in tea. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4921-4929. [PMID: 32472940 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of pesticides during tea plant cultivation helps agricultural production and prevents and controls pests, diseases and weeds. It is of the utmost importance to balance pesticide application with tea quality, safety and consumer health. The uptake of pesticides into plants may lead to the presence of residues that are hazardous to human health, especially for some foliar-applied insecticides. The movability or penetration behavior of a pesticide remains unknown after it has been sprayed on a tea leaf. RESULTS Two organophosphate (acephate, trichlorfon) and three neonicotinoid pesticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid) were confirmed with respect to their removal from the treated fresh leaves of tea saplings via washing in a phytotron. Four of the targets have little penetrative ability into tea leaves, mainly existing (> 92%) on the tea leaf surface, except for trichlorfon (> 70%), for 30 days. With higher vapor pressures, trichlorfon and acetamiprid had relatively higher penetration ratios of 8.63-29.60% and 0.28-8.03% respectively. Two organophosphate insecticides were found to degrade more quickly, with lower final amounts of residues on and in the whole leaf compared to the neonicotinoid pesticides. In a field test, these residues could be reduced by 45-72% after a pre-harvest interval of 3 days, and by 16-89% after 7 days, when the fresh tea shoots were sprayed with 2 or 4 L m-2 water. CONCLUSION Pesticides with different structures have different penetration abilities on the tea leaf surface, and some pesticides in commercial tea can be reduced by spraying with water before fresh leaves are picked. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Jiagang Guo
- Supervision and Testing Center for Agri-Products Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Lili He
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
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9
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Zhao ZR, Zhang JY, Li D, Li FH. [Purification Characteristics of Urban Tail Water from Sewage Treatment Plant by Biofilm Ecological Floating Bed]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:809-814. [PMID: 32608741 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201905150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purification characteristics of nitrogenous tail water were investigated using a biofilm ecological floating bed technology to study biofilm length, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and biofilm coverage area with the aim to explore the purification characteristics of biofilm on urban tail water. Results show that the removal rates of NH4+-N, NO3--N, and TN were 90.82%, 62.7%, and 81.96%, respectively, at the half water depth to the suspended biofilm. The removal rate of NH4+-N was only 22.07%, and the concentration changes of NO3--N and TN were not obvious throughout the whole water depth to the suspended biofilm. When the HRT was 6 days, the removal rates of NH4+-N and TN could reach 82.01% and 62.88%, respectively, whereas the lowest rates were 55.24% and 46.82%, respectively. When the HRT was 12 days, the removal rates of NH4+-N and TN reached up to 81.4% and 79.93%, respectively, whereas the lowest rates were 8.73% and 17.23%, respectively. In contrast, the nitrogen removal efficiency was high and stable when the HRT was 6 days. When the coverage area was 10%, the removal rate was decreased in one operation cycle. When the coverage area was 20%, the removal rate showed an upward trend. Under the conditions of 10% and 20% biofilm coverage area, the removal rates of TN were 62.88% and 71.09%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rui Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustainable Use and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Jia-Yao Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Duo Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Fang-Hong Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
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10
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Zhong L, Mu L, Li J, Wang J, Yin Z, Liu D. Early Prediction of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in the Mainland China Based on Simple Mathematical Model. IEEE Access 2020; 8:51761-51769. [PMID: 32391240 PMCID: PMC7176026 DOI: 10.1109/access.2020.2979599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has been treated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. This work made an early prediction of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China based on a simple mathematical model and limited epidemiological data. Combing characteristics of the historical epidemic, we found part of the released data is unreasonable. Through ruling out the unreasonable data, the model predictions exhibit that the number of the cumulative 2019-nCoV cases may reach 76,000 to 230,000, with a peak of the unrecovered infectives (22,000-74,000) occurring in late February to early March. After that, the infected cases will rapidly monotonically decrease until early May to late June, when the 2019-nCoV outbreak will fade out. Strong anti-epidemic measures may reduce the cumulative infected cases by 40%-49%. The improvement of medical care can also lead to about one-half transmission decrease and effectively shorten the duration of the 2019-nCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East AsiaInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China
| | - Lin Mu
- 2College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- 3Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of GeosciencesShenzhen518057China
| | - Jing Li
- 3Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of GeosciencesShenzhen518057China
- 4College of Marine Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- 3Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of GeosciencesShenzhen518057China
- 4College of Marine Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Zhe Yin
- 3Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of GeosciencesShenzhen518057China
- 4College of Marine Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
| | - Darong Liu
- 3Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of GeosciencesShenzhen518057China
- 4College of Marine Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China
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11
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Jia QL, Chen H, Zhao X, Li L, Nie YH, Ye JF. [Removal of Microplastics by Different Treatment Processes in Shanghai Large Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:4105-4112. [PMID: 31854874 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201903100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are important sources of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. The present study was conducted to investigate the number concentration, removal rate, and fate of MPs in two large municipal treatment plants in Shanghai. The MPs number concentration in the influent water of WWTP1 and WWTP2 were (226.27±83.00) piece·L-1 and (171.89±62.98) piece·L-1, respectively. WWTP1 had a MPs removal efficiency of 63.25%, which is slightly higher than that of WWTP2, at 59.84%. The removal efficiency during the primary treatment process of the two sewage treatment plants on MPs accounted for 70%-80% of the whole treatment process. The primary treatment process and secondary treatment process transferred (48.10%±1.62%) and (12.97%±0.05%) of MPs in the sewage to the sludge, respectively. As a whole, (38.82%±1.55%) of MPs in the sewage treatment plants were finally discharged into natural waters, and the remaining (61.18%±1.55%) entered the sludge. This study shows that the removal rate of MPs in Shanghai's municipal treatment plants is low and that after treatment, large amounts still enter the natural waters with the final effluent, which causes significant ecological risks. This study provides basic data of MPs removal and trends of large urban sewage treatment plants in a plain river network area, which can provide reference for further design of MPs removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yun-Han Nie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian-Feng Ye
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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12
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Lü XT, Zhou T, Tian XD, Gu PC, Yang AM, Wang JW, Zhang SJ. [Effect of Free Nitrous Acid on the Activity of Nitrifying Bacteria in Different Sludge Concentrations Under Anoxic Conditions]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:3195-3200. [PMID: 31854718 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201812079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effect of free nitrous acid (FNA) on the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) under anoxic conditions with different mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS). Sequencing batch reactors were used to study the changes in the activity of AOB and NOB in nitrifying activated sludge based on four different MLSS (8398, 11254, 15998, and 19637 mg·L-1), after treatment, under anoxic conditions with FNA (at an initial concentration of 1.3 mg·L-1) for 48 h. The results showed that the pH increased by approximately 0.9, but the concentration of NO2--N did not decrease significantly. With over-aeration, the concentration of NH4+-N gradually degraded to 0 mg·L-1, and the removal rate of NH4+-N gradually increased to a maximum of 4.4-6.8 mg·(L·h)-1 which time used was shorter with the increase of the inhibition MLSS. The nitrite accumulation rate was more than 92% when the sludge concentration was 8398, 11254, 15998, and 19637 mg·L-1 and with over-aeration for 0-396 h, 0-396 h, 0-372 h, and 0-168 h, respectively. When aerated for 468 h, 468 h, 444 h, and 264 h, the NO2--N concentration and NAR decreased to 0, and NO3--N concentrations increased to their highest with the values of 42.6, 49.9, 42.9, and 47.9 mg·L-1 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tao Lü
- Beijing Wastewater Resourceful Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100124, China.,Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China.,Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Beijing Wastewater Resourceful Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100124, China.,Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China.,Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xia-di Tian
- Beijing Wastewater Resourceful Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100124, China.,Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China.,Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Peng-Chao Gu
- Beijing Wastewater Resourceful Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100124, China.,Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China.,Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - An-Ming Yang
- Beijing Wastewater Resourceful Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100124, China.,Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China.,Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Beijing Wastewater Resourceful Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100124, China.,Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China.,Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shun-Jun Zhang
- Beijing Wastewater Resourceful Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100124, China.,Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China.,Research and Development Center of Beijing Drainage Group Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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13
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Cheng Y, Li QF, Fei YT, Zhang Y. [Screening and Nitrogen Removing Characteristics of Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification Bacteria SLWX 2 from Sea Water]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 37:2681-2688. [PMID: 29964479 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria strain SLWX2 was screened from 7 strains isolated from Stichopus japonicus culture ponds, with removal rates of NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N up to 100%, 99.5% and 85.6% within 24 h, respectively. Through morphologic observation, physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain SLWX2 was identified as Bacillus hwajinpoensis. The results of nitrogen removal characterization experiments indicated that, when NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N existed at the same time, SLWX2 utilized NH4+-N firstly, then utilized NO2--N and NO3--N, and removed almost all the inorganic nitrogen within 72 h, suggesting that it could achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification itself. The results of nitrogen tolerance examination indicated that strain SLWX2 showed perfect nitrogen removal ability when the ammonia load was not above 500 mg·L-1, nitrite load was not above 100 mg·L-1 and nitrate load was not above 200 mg·L-1, the maximal removal of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen withinn 96 h reached 180 mg, 30 mg and 120 mg, respectively. Moreover, there was no NO2--N accumulation during nitrification. This strain showed great potential in biological nitrogen removal of wastewater with high salt and nitrogen from mariculture and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- College of Fisheries and life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiu-Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu-Tao Fei
- College of Fisheries and life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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14
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Wu HC, Lee LC, Wang WJ. Plasmapheresis for hypertriglyceridemia: The association between blood viscosity and triglyceride clearance rate. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22688. [PMID: 30320483 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several factors in double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) were associated with triglyceride (TG) clearance rate. This study examines whether baseline whole blood viscosity was a predictor for efficient TG removal. METHODS Adult subjects who receiving DFPP for hyperlipidemia in Taoyuan General Hospital from January 2015 to March 2018 were classified into efficient and inefficient TG removal according to TG removal rate ≥50% vs <50%. TG removal rate was defined as following formula: (pre-apheresis TG- post-apheresis TG)/pre-apheresis TG. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) was estimated by following equation: WBV = 0.12 × hematocrit +0.17 × (total protein -2.07). Univariate linear regression was used to assess the association between TG removal rate and WBV. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for associations between variables and efficient TG removal were evaluated by logistic regression model to including univariate and multivariate adjustment. RESULTS From a total of 66 subjects receiving DFPP, 37 subjects reached efficient TG removal. The difference in pre-apheresis TG levels, hematocrit, and WBV between efficient vs. inefficient TG removal groups was 4.1 vs 6.7 mmol/L; 43.1% vs 39.5%; and 6.0cP vs 5.cP (Ps <0.05). After multivariate adjustment, WBC was a significant predictor for efficient TG removal (ORs and 95% CI were 3.192 (1.300-7.838), P < 0.05). The correlation between WBV and extraction of TG was significant (r = -0.255, P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Hyperviscosity reduced the efficiency of TG removal in those receiving DFPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chieh Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chien Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Xu WJ, Cheng XY. [Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Treatment of Polluted River Water by an Activated Carbon Rotating Biological Contactor]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:202-211. [PMID: 29965683 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201705239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study combined activated carbon with a rotating biological contactor. The activated carbon adsorption experiments were conducted and the biofilm was formed by using the river water directly. The effects of different hydraulic retention times on the removal of NH4+-N, TP, and permanganate index and on the biofilm properties were investigated at the optimum rotational speed of the disc. Experimental results are as follows. The Freundlich isotherm showed that activated carbon had better adsorption properties for NH4+-N, TP, and permanganate index in water.When the disk speed was 3 r·min-1, the removal efficiency was the best, and the removal rates of NH4+-N, TP and permanganate index were the best at 86.05%, 81.28%, and 77.09%, respectively. In addition, there was a significant linear correlation between the hydraulic retention time and the removal of NH4+-N and TP (R2>0.9), respectively. The removal rates of NH4+-N and TP at different hydraulic retention times were significantly different (P<0.05), but the permanganate index was not (P>0.05).Hydraulic retention time had effects on the biofilm activity, protein and polysaccharide contents,and the three-dimensional fluorescence peaks of S-EPS, LB-EPS, and TB-EPS of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Xu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Cheng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215000, China
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16
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Fujii Y, Muragaki Y, Maruyama T, Nitta M, Saito T, Ikuta S, Iseki H, Hongo K, Kawamata T. Threshold of the extent of resection for WHO Grade III gliomas: retrospective volumetric analysis of 122 cases using intraoperative MRI. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:1-9. [PMID: 28885120 DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns162383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE WHO Grade III gliomas are relatively rare and treated with multiple modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The impact of the extent of resection (EOR) on improving survival in patients with this tumor type is unclear. Moreover, because of the heterogeneous radiological appearance of Grade III gliomas, the MRI sequence that best correlates with tumor volume is unknown. In the present retrospective study, the authors evaluated the prognostic significance of EOR. METHODS Clinical and radiological data from 122 patients with newly diagnosed WHO Grade III gliomas who had undergone intraoperative MRI-guided resection at a single institution between March 2000 and December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups by histological subtype: 81 patients had anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) or anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA), and 41 patients had anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO). EOR was calculated using pre- and postoperative T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of EOR on overall survival (OS). RESULTS The 5-, 8-, and 10-year OS rates for all patients were 74.28%, 70.59%, and 65.88%, respectively. The 5- and 8-year OS rates for patients with AA and AOA were 72.2% and 67.2%, respectively, and the 10-year OS rate was 62.0%. On the other hand, the 5- and 8-year OS rates for patients with AO were 79.0% and 79.0%; the 10-year OS rate is not yet available. The median pre- and postoperative T2-weighted high-signal intensity volumes were 56.1 cm3 (range 1.3-268 cm3) and 5.9 cm3 (range 0-180 cm3), respectively. The median EOR of T2-weighted high-signal intensity lesions (T2-EOR) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted lesions were 88.8% (range 0.3%-100%) and 100% (range 34.0%-100%), respectively. A significant survival advantage was associated with resection of 53% or more of the preoperative T2-weighted high-signal intensity volume in patients with AA and AOA, but not in patients with AO. Univariate analysis showed that preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.0019), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1) mutation (p = 0.0008), and T2-EOR (p = 0.0208) were significant prognostic factors for survival in patients with AA and AOA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that T2-EOR (HR 3.28; 95% CI 1.22-8.81; p = 0.0192) and IDH1 mutation (HR 3.90; 95% CI 1.53-10.75; p = 0.0044) were predictive of survival in patients with AA and AOA. CONCLUSIONS T2-EOR was one of the most important prognostic factors for patients with AA and AOA. A significant survival advantage was associated with resection of 53% or more of the preoperative T2-weighted high-signal intensity volume in patients with AA and AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujii
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Muragaki
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo; and
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo; and
| | - Masayuki Nitta
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and.,2Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo; and
| | | | - Soko Ikuta
- 2Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo; and
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- 2Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo; and
| | - Kazuhiro Hongo
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Abstract
The occurrence and spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance are subjects of great interest, and the role of wastewater treatment plants has been attracting particular interest. These stations are a reservoir of bacteria, have a large range of organic and inorganic substances, and the amount of bacteria released into the environment is very high. The main purpose of the present study was to assess the removal degree of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics and identify the contribution of a wastewater treatment plant to the microbiota of Someşul Mic river water in Cluj county. The resistance to sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline and some of their representative resistance genes: sul1, tet(O), and tet(W) were assessed in this study. The results obtained showed that bacteria resistant to sulphonamides were more abundant than those resistant to tetracycline. The concentration of bacteria with antibiotic resistance changed after the treatment, namely, bacteria resistant to sulfamethoxazole. The removal of all bacteria and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was 98–99% and the degree of removal of bacteria resistant to tetracycline was higher than the bacteria resistant to sulfamethoxazole compared to total bacteria. The wastewater treatment plant not only contributed to elevating ARG concentrations, it also enhanced the possibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by increasing the abundance of the intI1 gene. Even though the treatment process reduced the concentration of bacteria by two orders of magnitude, the wastewater treatment plant in Cluj-Napoca contributed to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria concentrations up to 10 km downstream of its discharge in Someşul Mic river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Lupan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
| | - Rahela Carpa
- Babeş Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Andreea Oltean
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
| | - Beatrice Simona Kelemen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Molecular Biology Center, Babes-Bolyai-University
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Kamei D, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Mineshima M, Akiba T. Association between resistance to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and carnitine profile in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 23:737-743. [PMID: 28608940 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients on dialysis are in a chronic carnitine-deficient state. This condition may be associated with abnormalities in fatty acid and organic acid metabolism; however, the details are unknown. We investigated the association between carnitine profiles before and after dialysis and the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) resistance index (ERI), which is a significant prognostic factor in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. We measured the carnitine profile of 79 patients on maintenance haemodialysis before and after dialysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The associations between the ERI and pre-dialysis carnitine profile, removal rate of various carnitines, and previously-reported ERI-related factors were investigated. Significant factors were determined with stepwise multiple regression analysis and validated with the bootstrap method. SPSS version 22.0 was used for analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The removal rate of long-chain acylcarnitine with dialysis was lower than that of short-chain or medium-chain acylcarnitines. Stepwise multiple regression analysis (n = 79) demonstrated that 3-hydroxy isovalerylcarnitine (C5-OH, P < 0.001, β = -0.469) and stearoylcarnitine (C18, P < 0.001, β = 0.390) were independent significant factors (R2 = 0.239) of ERI. The bootstrap method similarly indicated these two to be significant factors. CONCLUSION ERI positively correlated with long-chain C18 acylcarnitine and negatively correlated with short-chain C5-OH acylcarnitine. C5-OH and C18 acylcarnitines at baseline might be contributing factors in distinguishing responders from nonresponders after L-carnitine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Kamei
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Mineshima
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Akiba
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou LJ, Gu W, Liu JN, Shi LL, Xu YH. [Fate of Eleven Phthalic Acid Esters in Aerobic Sewage Treatment System]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2017; 38:1972-1981. [PMID: 29965103 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201610021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters have potential environmental risk due to their endocrine disrupting effect. The biodegradable and removal characteristics of 11 phthalicacidesters were studied. The results showed that dimethyl phthalate(DMP), dimethoxyethyl phthalate (BMEP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate(DIBP), dinamyl phthalate (DNPP), di-n-hexyl phthalate(DNHP)and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) had ready biodegradability, dinonyl phthalate (DNP)and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DHP)could be biodegraded but did not pass the 10 d window-period, and only 43.5% of diphenyl phthalate (DPP) was biodegraded on 28d. The degradation curves of 11 PAEs all obeyed typical first-order kinetics in aerobic sludge kinetics test, with the correlation coefficient r2>0.96, the degradation rate constant was between 0.021-1.11 h-1, and the degradation half-life was between 0.625-32.7 h. In aerobic sludge simulation test, the removal rates of 10 PAEs were>80% at hydraulic detention time of 12h, except that DNPP was only 55%-70%. The removal rates of all PAEs reached 90% at hydraulic detention time of 24h. The relative high exposure in effluent for DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP and DEHP was found by using GC/MS, with the residue concentrations of ND-44.0, ND-12.0, 60.4-594, 88.0-823 and 130-728 ng·L-1, respectively. The results from STP model prediction showed that the removal in STP was mainly contributed by biodegradation, but for DPP, DNP and DEHP, the absorption removal was also an important removal way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environment Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
- College of Environment, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Nanjing Environmental Safety Tech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ji-Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environment Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Li-Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environment Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xu
- College of Environment, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Ma H, Zhu Q, Zhu L, Li X, Huang Y, Wei FK, Yang PB. [Effect of Element Sulfur Particle Size and Type of the Reactor on Start-up of Sulfur-based Autotrophic Denitrification Reactor]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2016; 37:2235-2242. [PMID: 29964891 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of element sulfur particle size and type of the reactor on sulfur autotrophic denitrification reactor start-up was researched at room temperature(19-24℃) by using sulfur autotrophic denitrification bio-membrane reactor and anaerobic sludge bed biofilm reactor and inoculating anaerobic sludge. The research indicated that after 65 d operation, the bio-membrane reactor gained steady denitrification efficiency. With an influent NO3<sup>-</sup>-N of 150 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>, and an HRT of 3.3 h, the removal efficiencies of NO3<sup>-</sup>-N and TN were 91% and 77%, and the removal rate of TN was 0.67-0.83 kg·(m<sup>3</sup>·d)<sup>-1</sup>. The increase of volumetric loading rate of NO3<sup>-</sup>-N and production of nitrogen gas led to the floating of sludge in the anaerobic sludge bed biofilm reactor. With an influent NO3<sup>-</sup>-N of 185 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> and an HRT of 3.3 h, the maximum removal rate of NO3<sup>-</sup>-N of 1.1 kg·(m<sup>3</sup>·d)<sup>-1</sup> was attained in anaerobic sludge bed biofilm reactor. But the increase of effluent NO3<sup>-</sup>-N and NO2<sup>-</sup>-N lowered the quality of effluent water seriously, and the floating of sludge affected the steady operation of the anaerobic sludge bed biofilm reactor. Sulfur particles with particle size of 0.8 mm and 3.0 mm were used as electron donors for start-up of two batch reactors. The experiment results indicated that the reactor which used sulfur particle size of 0.8 mm attained higher removal efficiency of NO3<sup>-</sup>-N and TN, and its effluent accumulated less NO2<sup>-</sup>-N compared with the reactor which used particle size of 3.0 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ma
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Fan-Kai Wei
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Peng-Bing Yang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215002, China
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Abstract
The aim of this experimental in-vitro study was to investigate the machining of human dentin using an abrasive water jet and to evaluate the influence of different abrasives and water pressures on the removal rate. Seventy-two human teeth had been collected after extraction and randomly divided into six homogeneous groups (n=12). The teeth were processed in the area of root dentin with an industrial water jet device. Different abrasives (saccharose, sorbitol, xylitol) and water pressures (15 or 25 MPa) were used in each group. Dimensions of dentin removal were analysed using a stripe projection microscope and both drilling depth as well as volume of abrasion were recorded. Morphological analyses of the dentin cavities were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both drilling depth and volume of abrasion were significantly influenced by the abrasive and the water pressure. Depending on these parameters, the drilling depth averaged between 142 and 378 μm; the volume of abrasion averaged between 0.07 and 0.15 mm3. Microscopic images revealed that all cavities are spherical and with clearly defined margins. Slight differences between the abrasives were found with respect to the microroughness of the surface of the cavities. The results indicate that abrasive water jet machining is a promising technique for processing human dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kohorst
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Tegtmeyer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Biskup
- Institute of Materials Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | | | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Humic acid superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM-HA)) and superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM)) were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and humic acid (HA) as raw material. The effects of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinking agent, potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) initiator, reaction temperature, HA content, ratio of AA to AM, concentration of monomer and neutralization of AA on water absorption were investigated. Absorption and desorption ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were also investigated by determination of absorption and desorption ratio of NH4(+), PO4(3-) on P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM). The P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM) were characterized by Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, biological photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: the weight ratio of MBA to AA and AM was 0.003; the weight ratio of KPS to AA and AM was 0.008; the weight ratio of HA to AA was 0.1; the mole ratio of AM to AA is 0.1; the mole ratio of NaOH to AA is 0.9; the reaction temperature was 60°C. P(AA/AM-HA) synthesized under optimal conditions, has a good saline tolerance, its water absorbency in distilled water and 0.9 wt.% saline solution is 1180 g/g and 110 g/g, respectively. P(AA/AM-HA) achieves half saturation in 6.5 min. P(AA/AM-HA) is superior to P(AA/AM) on absorption of NH4(+), PO4(3-). The SEM micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a fine alveolate structure. The biological optical microscope micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a network structure. Graft polymerization between P(AA/AM) and HA was demonstrated by infrared spectrum. The P(AA/AM-HA) superabsorbent has better absorbing ability of water and fertilizer, electrolytic tolerance and fewer cost than P(AA/AM) superabsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning 114051, China.
| | - Shiqiang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning 114051, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Liaoning 114051, China.
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