1
|
Kilgo JC, Vukovich M, Cox KJ, Larsen M, Mims TT, Garabedian JE. Assessing whole-sounder removal versus traditional control for reducing invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3033-3042. [PMID: 36966457 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trapping is commonly used as the primary management tool in attempts to reduce invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), but traditional trapping techniques are often ineffective. However, recently developed traps permit the capture of entire social groups (sounders) of wild pigs, and the strategy of whole-sounder removal may achieve more effective control. Our objective was to experimentally compare traditional control (TC; primarily traditional trapping, but including hunting with dogs, and opportunistic shooting) and whole-sounder removal (WSR) strategies by assessing density reduction and removal rate after 1 and 2 years of treatment. RESULTS After 1 year of trapping, average wild pig density on WSR units declined 53% and remained stable after the second year, whereas on TC units, pig density did not differ after trapping, although it declined 33% and remained stable after the second year of trapping. The median removal rate (percentage of uniquely marked pigs present at the beginning of each year that were removed) was 42.5% for WSR units and 0.0% for TC units during 2018 and were 29.6% from WSR units and 5.3% from TC units during 2019. CONCLUSIONS WSR removal was more effective at reducing wild pig density than TC, but factors such as previous exposure of this population to traditional traps and the lack of barriers to recolonization from surrounding areas may have reduced WSR efficacy. WSR can effectively reduce wild pig density to a greater extent than TC, but managers should recognize the additional time and expense necessary for implementation. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Kyle J Cox
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Michael Larsen
- USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Thomas T Mims
- USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garabedian JE, Cox KJ, Vukovich M, Kilgo JC. Co‐occurrence of native white‐tailed deer and invasive wild pigs: Evidence for competition? Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Garabedian
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| | - Kyle J. Cox
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kilgo JC, Garabedian JE, Vukovich M, Schlichting PE, Byrne ME, Beasley JC. Food resources affect territoriality of invasive wild pig sounders with implications for control. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18821. [PMID: 34552124 PMCID: PMC8458451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in control methods for invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) has increased due to their range expansion, population growth, and an improved understanding of their destructive ecological and economic effects. Recent technological advances in traps for control of pig populations facilitate capture of entire social groups (sounders), but the efficacy of “whole-sounder” trapping strategies is heavily dependent on the degree of territoriality among sounders, a topic little research has explored. We assessed territoriality in wild pig sounders on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA, and examined whether availability of food resources provided by a municipal-waste landfill affected among-sounder territoriality. We estimated utilization distribution overlap and dynamic interactions among 18 neighboring sounders around a landfill. We found that although neighboring sounders overlapped in space, intensity of use in shared areas was uniformly low, indicating territorial behavior. Neighbors tended to share slightly more space when closer to the landfill waste cells, indicating availability of a super-abundant resource somewhat weakens the degree of territoriality among sounders. Nevertheless, we conclude that sounders behaved in a generally territorial manner, and we discuss implications for whole-sounder trapping programs, particularly near concentrated resources such as landfills and crop fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 700, New Ellenton, SC, 29809, USA.
| | - James E Garabedian
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 700, New Ellenton, SC, 29809, USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 700, New Ellenton, SC, 29809, USA.,USDA Forest Service, Shawnee National Forest, 602 North First St., Vienna, IL, 62995, USA
| | - Peter E Schlichting
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.,Illinois Department of Natural Resources, 1 Natural Resources Way, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Michael E Byrne
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.,School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vukovich M, Garabedian JE, Zarnoch SJ, Kilgo JC. Do Remote Camera Arrangements and Image Capture Settings Improve Individual Identification of Golden Eagles? WILDLIFE SOC B 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station P.O Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - James E. Garabedian
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station P.O Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | | | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station P.O Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vukovich M, Kilgo JC. Diet of Nestling Red-Headed Woodpeckers in South Carolina. SOUTHEAST NAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1656/058.018.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, PO Box 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, PO Box 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wightman PH, Kilgo JC, Vukovich M, Cantrell JR, Ruth CR, Cohen BS, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Gobbling chronology of eastern wild turkeys in South Carolina. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Wightman
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP.O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP.O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Jay R. Cantrell
- South Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesColumbiaSC29202USA
| | - Charles R. Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesColumbiaSC29202USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- Department of BiologyTennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN38505USA
| | | | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLA70803USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Webster SC, Cunningham FL, Kilgo JC, Vukovich M, Rhodes OE, Beasley JC. Effective dose and persistence of Rhodamine‐B in wild pig Vibrissae. WILDLIFE SOC B 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Webster
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryWarnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - Fred L. Cunningham
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceWildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research Center125 Stone Boulevard, Scales BuildingMississippi StateMS39762USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- United States Department of AgricultureUnited States Forest Service Southern Research StationP.O. Box 700, New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- United States Department of AgricultureUnited States Forest Service Southern Research StationP.O. Box 700, New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Olin E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryOdum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryWarnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaP.O. Drawer EAikenSC29802USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP. O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP. O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP. O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Michael J. Conroy
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Charles Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources1000 Assembly St.ColumbiaSC29201USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- William D. Gulsby
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; Savannah River Ecology Lab; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chitwood MC, Lashley MA, Kilgo JC, Cherry MJ, Conner LM, Vukovich M, Ray HS, Ruth C, Warren RJ, DePerno CS, Moorman CE. Are camera surveys useful for assessing recruitment in white-tailed deer? Wildlife Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Colter Chitwood
- M. C. Chitwood and M. A. Lashley, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Present address for MCC: Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Dept, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Present address for MAL: Dept of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- M. C. Chitwood and M. A. Lashley, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Present address for MCC: Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Dept, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Present address for MAL: Dept of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- J. C. Kilgo and M. Vukovich, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - Michael J. Cherry
- M. J. Cherry and L. M. Conner, Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Newton, GA, USA
| | - L. Mike Conner
- M. J. Cherry and L. M. Conner, Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Newton, GA, USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- J. C. Kilgo and M. Vukovich, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, SC, USA
| | - H. Scott Ray
- H. S. Ray, USDA Forest Service, Francis Marion and Sumter National Forest, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Charles Ruth
- C. Ruth, South Carolina Dept of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Robert J. Warren
- R. J. Warren, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher S. DePerno
- C. S. DePerno and C. E. Moorman, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- C. S. DePerno and C. E. Moorman, Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Dept of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kilgo JC, Vukovich M, Conroy MJ, Ray HS, Ruth C. Factors affecting survival of adult female white-tailed deer after coyote establishment in south Carolina. WILDLIFE SOC B 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Kilgo
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - Michael J. Conroy
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - H. Scott Ray
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Savannah River; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 20809 USA
| | - Charles Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; 1000 Assembly Street Columbia SC 29201 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - H. Scott Ray
- USDA Forest Service; Savannah River; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 20809 USA
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- USDA Forest Service; Southern Research Station; P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - Charles Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; 1000 Assembly St.; Columbia SC 29201 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic sleep deprivation, which is associated with several age-related pathologies and altered endocrine function, may adversely affect bone. Our a priori hypothesis was that bone mineral density was lower in sleep-deprived (<6.5 h/night) vs. sleep-adequate (>6.5-10 h/night) individuals. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of sleep and bone data on 1,146 individuals (652 women) was performed. Measurements were obtained at the distal radius by pQCT, and the spine and hip by DXA. Bone differences between sleep-deprived and sleep-adequate groups were compared after stratifying by sex and controlling for covariates. RESULTS Overall, 19% of the population was sleep deprived. Sleep-deprived women had lower cortical volumetric BMD (1,208+/-4 vs. 1,219+/-2 mg/cm(3), P=0.03) than sleep-adequate women. Sleep-deprived men had lower pSSI, an estimate of torsional bending strength, than sleep-adequate men (358+/-10 vs. 382+/-5 mm(3), P=0.04), due to a slightly smaller periosteal circumference (43.9+/-0.4 vs. 44.8+/-0.2 mm, P=0.07) and cortical area (103+/-2 vs. 106+/-1+/-mm(2), P=0.06). CONCLUSION Sleep deprivation is associated with some, but not all, bone outcomes. These findings may have important public health significance given the increasing prevalence of sleep deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Specker
- EA Martin Program in Human Nutrition, EAM Bldg South Dakota State University, 1100 Rotunda Lane North, P.O. Box 2204, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Slater G, Jenkins D, Logan P, Lee H, Vukovich M, Rathmacher JA, Hahn AG. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation does not affect changes in strength or body composition during resistance training in trained men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2001; 11:384-96. [PMID: 11599506 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.11.3.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This investigation evaluated the effects of oral beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on training responses in resistance-trained male athletes who were randomly administered HMB in standard encapsulation (SH), HMB in time release capsule (TRH), or placebo (P) in a double-blind fashion. Subjects ingested 3 g x day(-1) of HMB or placebo for 6 weeks. Tests were conducted pre-supplementation and following 3 and 6 weeks of supplementation. The testing battery assessed body mass, body composition (using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), and 3-repetition maximum isoinertial strength, plus biochemical parameters, including markers of muscle damage and muscle protein turnover. While the training and dietary intervention of the investigation resulted in significant strength gains (p < .001) and an increase in total lean mass (p = .01), HMB administration had no influence on these variables. Likewise, biochemical markers of muscle protein turnover and muscle damage were also unaffected by HMB supplementation. The data indicate that 6 weeks of HMB supplementation in either SH or TRH form does not influence changes in strength and body composition in response to resistance training in strength-trained athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Slater
- Sports Medicine Sports Science Division of the Singapore Sports Council, National Stadium, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller JC. beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr 2000; 130:1937-45. [PMID: 10917905 DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.8.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The leucine metabolite, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) enhances the effects of exercise on muscle size and strength. Although several reports in animals and humans indicate that HMB is safe, quantitative safety data in humans have not been reported definitively. The objective of this work was to summarize safety data collected in nine studies in which humans were fed 3 g HMB/d. The studies were from 3 to 8 wk in duration, included both males and females, young and old, exercising or nonexercising. Organ and tissue function was assessed by blood chemistry and hematology; subtle effects on emotional perception were measured with an emotional profile test (Circumplex), and tolerance of HMB was assessed with a battery of 32 health-related questions. HMB did not adversely affect any surrogate marker of tissue health and function. The Circumplex emotion profile indicated that HMB significantly decreased (improved) one indicator of negative mood (Unactivated Unpleasant Affect category, P < 0.05). No untoward effects of HMB were indicated. Compared with the placebo, HMB supplementation resulted in a net decrease in total cholesterol (5.8%, P < 0.03), a decrease in LDL cholesterol (7.3%, P < 0.01) and a decrease in systolic blood pressure (4.4 mm Hg, P < 0.05). These effects of HMB on surrogate markers of cardiovascular health could result in a decrease in the risk of heart attack and stroke. In conclusion, the objective data collected across nine experiments indicate that HMB can be taken safely as an ergogenic aid for exercise and that objective measures of health and perception of well-being are generally enhanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nissen
- Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arciero P, Vukovich M, Kohrt W, Racette S, Holloszy J. EFFECTS OF 10 DAYS OF EXERCISE ON INSULIN ACTION IN OBESE MEN AND WOMEN WITH MILD NIDDM. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199505001-00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|