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Wala SJ, Karamchandani JR, Saleeb R, Evans A, Ding Q, Ibrahim R, Jewett M, Pasic M, Finelli A, Pace K, Lianidou E, Yousef GM. An integrated genomic analysis of papillary renal cell carcinoma type 1 uncovers the role of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix pathways. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1667-77. [PMID: 26051997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common RCC subtype and can be further classified as type 1 (pRCC1) or 2 (pRCC2). There is currently minimal understanding of pRCC1 pathogenesis, and treatment decisions are mostly empirical. The aim of this study was to identify biological pathways that are involved in pRCC1 pathogenesis using an integrated genomic approach. By microarray analysis, we identified a number of significantly dysregulated genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) that were unique to pRCC1. Integrated bioinformatics analyses showed enrichment of the focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) pathways. We experimentally validated that many members of these pathways are dysregulated in pRCC1. We identified and experimentally validated the downregulation of miR-199a-3p in pRCC1. Using cell line models, we showed that miR-199a-3p plays an important role in pRCC1 pathogenesis. Gain of function experiments showed that miR-199a-3p overexpression significantly decreased cell proliferation (p = 0.013). We also provide evidence that miR-199a-3p regulates the expression of genes linked to the focal adhesion and ECM pathways, such as caveolin 2 (CAV2), integrin beta 8 (ITGB8), MET proto-oncogene and mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR). Using a luciferase reporter assay, we further provide evidence that miR-199a-3p overexpression decreases the expression of MET and MTOR. Using an integrated gene/miRNA approach, we provide evidence linking miRNAs to the focal adhesion and ECM pathways in pRCC1 pathogenesis. This novel information can contribute to the development of effective targeted therapies for pRCC1, for which there is none currently available in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Jane Wala
- The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jason Raj Karamchandani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Rola Saleeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Andrew Evans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Qiang Ding
- The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Rania Ibrahim
- The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Michael Jewett
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Maria Pasic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Joseph's Health Centre, 30 Queensway, Ontario M6R 1B5, Canada.
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Pace
- Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - George Makram Yousef
- The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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102
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He H, Wang L, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu S, Wang D, Dong J, Tang C, Tang H, Yi X, Ge J. MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Identification and Functional Validation of Key miRNAs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125672. [PMID: 25938468 PMCID: PMC4418764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to profile dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to identify key regulatory miRNAs in ccRCC. METHODS AND RESULTS miRNA expression profiles in nine pairs of ccRCC tumor samples at three different stages and the adjacent, non-tumorous tissues were investigated using miRNA arrays. Eleven miRNAs were identified to be commonly dysregulated, including three up-regulated (miR-487a, miR-491-3p and miR-452) and eight down-regulated (miR-125b, miR-142-3p, miR-199a-5p, miR-22, miR-299-3p, miR-29a, miR-429, and miR-532-5p) in tumor tissues as compared with adjacent normal tissues. The 11 miRNAs and their predicted target genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and three key miRNAs (miR-199a-5p, miR-22 and miR-429) were identified by microRNA-gene network analysis. Dysregulation of the three key miRNAs were further validated in another cohort of 15 ccRCC samples, and the human kidney carcinoma cell line 786-O, as compared with five normal kidney samples. Further investigation showed that over-expression of miR-199a-5p significantly inhibited the invasion ability of 786-O cells. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that miR-199a-5p regulated expression of TGFBR1 and JunB by directly interacting with their 3' untranslated regions. Transfection of miR-199a-5p successfully suppressed expression of TGFBR1 and JunB in the human embryonic kidney 293T cells, further confirming the direct regulation of miR-199a-5p on these two genes. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 11 commonly dysregulated miRNAs in ccRCC, three of which (miR-199a-5p, miR-22 and miR-429) may represent key miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. Further studies suggested that miR-199a-5p plays an important role in inhibition of cell invasion of ccRCC cells by suppressing expression of TGFBR1 and JunB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei He
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longxin Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaopeng Tang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Yi
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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103
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MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in cancer: opportunities and challenges. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:125094. [PMID: 25874201 PMCID: PMC4385606 DOI: 10.1155/2015/125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting their corresponding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Dysregulated miRNAs have been considered as a new type of ‘‘oncomiRs” or ‘‘tumor suppressors,” playing essential roles in cancer initiation and progression. Using genome-wide detection methods, ubiquitously aberrant expression profiles of miRNAs have been identified in a broad array of human cancers, showing great potential as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer with high specificity and sensitivity. The detectable miRNAs in tissue, blood, and other body fluids with high stability provide an abundant source for miRNA-based biomarkers in human cancers. Despite the fact that an increasing number of potential miRNA biomarkers have been reported, the transition of miRNAs-based biomarkers from bench to bedside still necessitates addressing several challenges. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in human cancers.
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104
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Low Expression of miR-126 Is a Prognostic Marker for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:693-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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105
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Evans AJ, Delahunt B, Srigley JR. Issues and challenges associated with classifying neoplasms in percutaneous needle biopsies of incidentally found small renal masses. Semin Diagn Pathol 2015; 32:184-95. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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106
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Li M, Wang Y, Song Y, Bu R, Yin B, Fei X, Guo Q, Wu B. MicroRNAs in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review of clinical implications (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1571-8. [PMID: 25682771 PMCID: PMC4358077 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding of the biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), successful surgical treatment and implementation of novel-targeted therapies, the prognosis for RCC patients remains poor. Late presentation, tumor heterogeneity and in particular the lack of molecular biomarkers for early detection, classification and the surveillance of RCC treatments are major obstacles. The increasing knowledge regarding the functional role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in pathophysiological processes may provide an important link to the identification of suitable therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for RCC. The aim of this review was to provide new insight into the function of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RCC and to emphasize their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Renge Bu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qizhen Guo
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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107
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miR-210 is a prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Mol Diagn 2014; 17:136-44. [PMID: 25555365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is key in optimizing management plans to fit individual patient needs. miRNAs are short noncoding single-stranded RNAs that control the expression of target genes and may act as cancer biomarkers. We analyzed the expression of miR-210 in 276 cases of primary ccRCC and compared its expression in 40 pairs of adjacent normal and cancerous tissues. We assessed its expression in primary and metastatic tumors, in the common RCC subtypes, and the benign oncocytoma. The results were validated with an independent data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas. miR-210 was significantly overexpressed in ccRCC compared with normal kidney. miR-210(+) patients had a statistically higher chance of disease recurrence [hazard ratio (HR), 1.82; P = 0.018] and shorter overall survival (HR, 2.46; P = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, miR-210 lost its statistically significant association with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival after adjusting for tumor size and tumor, node, metastasis stage. Papillary RCC showed comparable miR-210 overexpression, whereas decreased up-regulation was seen in chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma. A number of predicted targets that might be involved in carcinogenesis and aggressive tumor behavior were identified. miR-210 is a potential therapeutic target and independent marker of poor prognosis of ccRCC.
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108
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Circulating biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma: the link between microRNAs and extracellular vesicles, where are we now? J Kidney Cancer VHL 2014; 1:84-98. [PMID: 28326253 PMCID: PMC5345530 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a lethal urological cancer, with incidence and mortality rates increasing by 2-3% per decade. The lack of standard screening tests contributes to the fact that one-third of patients are diagnosed with locally invasive or metastatic disease. Moreover, 20-40% of RCC patients submitted to surgical nephrectomy will develop metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs responsible for gene regulation at a post-transcriptional level. It is accepted that they are deregulated in cancer and can influence tumor development. Thus, miRNAs are promising RCC biomarkers, since they can be detected using non-invasive methods. They are highly stable and easier to quantify in circulating biofluids. The elevated miRNA stability in circulating samples may be the consequence of their capacity to circulate inside of extracellular microvesicles (EMVs), for example, the exosomes. The EMVs are bilayered membrane vesicles secreted by all cell types. They can be released in the interstitial space or into circulating biofluids, which allows the travelling, binding and entrance of these vesicles in receptor cells. This type of cell communication can shuttle bioactive molecules between cells, allowing the horizontal transference of genetic material. In this review, we focus on circulating miRNAs (miR-210, miR-1233, miR-221, miR-15a, miR-451, miR-508, miR-378) in the biofluids of RCC patients and attempt to establish the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, their synergic effects, and the pathways involved in RCC biology.
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109
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Vergho DC, Kneitz S, Kalogirou C, Burger M, Krebs M, Rosenwald A, Spahn M, Löser A, Kocot A, Riedmiller H, Kneitz B. Impact of miR-21, miR-126 and miR-221 as prognostic factors of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109877. [PMID: 25279769 PMCID: PMC4184907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) characterized by a tumor thrombus (TT) extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC) generally indicates poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the risk for tumor recurrence after nephrectomy and thrombectomy varies. An applicable and accurate prediction system to select ccRCC patients with TT of the IVC (ccRCC/TT) at high risk after nephrectomy is urgently needed, but has not been established up to now. To our knowledge, a possible role of microRNAs (miRs) for the development of ccRCC/TT or their impact as prognostic markers in ccRCC/TT has not been explored yet. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of the previously described onco-miRs miR-200c, miR-210, miR-126, miR-221, let-7b, miR-21, miR-143 and miR-141 in a study collective of 74 ccRCC patients. Using the expression profiles of these eight miRs we developed classification systems that accurately differentiate ccRCC from non-cancerous renal tissue and ccRCC/TT from tumors without TT. In the subgroup of 37 ccRCC/TT cases we found that miR-21, miR-126, and miR-221 predicted cancer related death (CRD) accurately and independently from other clinico-pathological features. Furthermore, a combined risk score based on the expression of miR-21, miR-126 and miR-221 was developed and showed high sensitivity and specificity to predict cancer specific survival (CSS) in ccRCC/TT. Using the combined risk score we were able to classify ccRCC/TT patients correctly into high and low risk cases. The risk stratification by the combined risk score (CRS) will benefit from further cohort validation and might have potential for clinical application as a molecular prediction system to identify high- risk ccRCC/TT patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/mortality
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Thrombosis/metabolism
- Thrombosis/pathology
- Vena Cava, Inferior/metabolism
- Vena Cava, Inferior/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Claudius Vergho
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius Maximilians University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charis Kalogirou
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius Maximilians University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krebs
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius Maximilians University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (CCCM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Spahn
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Löser
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius Maximilians University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arkadius Kocot
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius Maximilians University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubertus Riedmiller
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius Maximilians University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kneitz
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius Maximilians University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
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Dhahbi JM. Circulating small noncoding RNAs as biomarkers of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 17:86-98. [PMID: 24607831 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) mediate a variety of cellular functions in animals and plants. Deep sequencing has made it possible to obtain highly detailed information on the types and abundance of sncRNAs in biological specimens, leading to the discovery that sncRNAs circulate in the blood of humans and mammals. The most abundant types of circulating sncRNAs are microRNAs (miRNAs), 5' transfer RNA (tRNA) halves, and YRNA fragments, with minute amounts of other types that may nevertheless be significant. Of the more abundant circulating sncRNAs only miRNAs have well described functions, but characteristics of the others suggest specific processing and secretion as complexes that protect the RNA from degradation. The properties of circulating sncRNAs are consistent with their serving as signaling molecules, and investigations of circulating miRNAs support the view that they can enter cells and regulate cellular functions. The serum levels of specific sncRNAs change markedly with age, and these changes can be mitigated by calorie restriction (CR), indicating that levels are under physiologic control. The ability of circulating sncRNAs to transmit functions between cells and to regulate a broad spectrum of cellular functions, and the changes in their levels with age, implicate them in the manifestations of aging. Our understanding of the functions of circulating sncRNA, particularly in relation to aging, is currently at a very early stage; results to date suggest that more extensive investigation will yield important insights into mechanisms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Dhahbi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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111
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LI HECHENG, LI JIANPING, WANG ZIMING, FU DELAI, LI ZHAOLUN, ZHANG DONG, GAN WEIMIN, CHONG TIE. Identification of angiogenesis-related miRNAs in a population of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2061-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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112
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Expression of the tumor suppressive miRNA-23b/27b cluster is a good prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Urol 2014; 192:1822-30. [PMID: 25014580 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We observed abnormal expression of the microRNA-23b/27b (miR-23b/27b) cluster in our previous study of miRNA expression signatures. However, the relationship between aberrant miRNA expression and clear cell renal cell carcinoma is not well established. We investigated the functional significance of the miR-23b/27b cluster in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells and evaluated these miRNAs as biomarkers to predict the risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression levels of miR-23b and miR-27b were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The association between miRNA expression and overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Gain of function assays were performed using mature miR-23b and miR-27b in the 786-O and A498 renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Targets regulated by these miRNAs were predicted by in silico analysis. RESULTS Expression of the miR-23b/27b cluster was significantly decreased in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue specimens and associated with pathological grade and stage. Significantly shorter overall survival was observed in patients with lower expression of the miR-23b/27b cluster. Restoration of miR-23b and miR-27b significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Expression of the miR-23b/27b cluster was frequently decreased in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue. Reduced expression of these miRNAs increased the risk of disease progression and predicted poor survival. Thus, miR-23b and miR-27b function as tumor suppressors, targeting several oncogenic genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells.
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113
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Guo L, Yang Y, Liu J, Wang L, Li J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Gu S, Gan H, Cai J, Yuan JXJ, Wang J, Wang C. Differentially expressed plasma microRNAs and the potential regulatory function of Let-7b in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101055. [PMID: 24978044 PMCID: PMC4076206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a progressive disease characterized by misguided thrombolysis and remodeling of pulmonary arteries. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in multiple cell processes and functions. During CTEPH, circulating microRNA profile endued with characteristics of diseased cells could be identified as a biomarker, and might help in recognition of pathogenesis. Thus, in this study, we compared the differentially expressed microRNAs in plasma of CTEPH patients and healthy controls and investigated their potential functions. Microarray was used to identify microRNA expression profile and qRT-PCR for validation. The targets of differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in silico, and the Gene Ontology database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database were used for functional investigation of target gene profile. Targets of let-7b were validated by fluorescence reporter assay. Protein expression of target genes was determined by ELISA or western blotting. Cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assay. The results showed that 1) thirty five microRNAs were differentially expressed in CTEPH patients, among which, a signature of 17 microRNAs, which was shown to be related to the disease pathogenesis by in silico analysis, gave diagnostic efficacy of both sensitivity and specificity >0.9. 2) Let-7b, one of the down-regulated anti-oncogenic microRNAs in the signature, was validated to decrease to about 0.25 fold in CTEPH patients. 3) ET-1 and TGFBR1 were direct targets of let-7b. Altering let-7b level influenced ET-1 and TGFBR1 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) as well as the migration of PAECs and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). These results suggested that CTEPH patients had aberrant microRNA signature which might provide some clue for pathogenesis study and biomarker screening. Reduced let-7b might be involved in the pathogenesis of CTEPH by affecting ET-1 expression and the function of PAECs and PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Song Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huili Gan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (CW); (JW)
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (CW); (JW)
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Dietrich D, Meller S, Uhl B, Ralla B, Stephan C, Jung K, Ellinger J, Kristiansen G. Nucleic acid-based tissue biomarkers of urologic malignancies. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:173-99. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.906130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dias F, Teixeira AL, Santos JI, Gomes M, Nogueira A, Assis J, Medeiros R. Renal cell carcinoma development and miRNAs: a possible link to the EGFR pathway. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:1793-803. [PMID: 24192126 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid cancer of the adult kidney and the majority of RCC cases are detected accidentally. This reality and the nonexistence of a standard screening test contribute to the fact that one third of patients are diagnosed with local invasive disease or metastatic disease. miRNAs are a family of small ncRNAs that regulate gene expression and have been identified as key regulators in many biological processes including cell development, differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation. The EGF receptor signaling pathway is usually deregulated in cancer and it is suggested to have an important role in RCC. Further studies are needed to characterize deregulation of this pathway during RCC development. In this review we highlight some potential miRNAs that could be involved in the modulation of the EGF receptor pathway and consequently in RCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Wojcicka A, Piekielko–Witkowska A, Kedzierska H, Rybicka B, Poplawski P, Boguslawska J, Master A, Nauman A. Epigenetic regulation of thyroid hormone receptor beta in renal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97624. [PMID: 24849932 PMCID: PMC4029725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene is commonly deregulated in cancers and, as strengthened by animal models, postulated to play a tumor-suppressive role. Our previous studies revealed downregulation of THRB in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but the culpable mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Since epigenetic regulation is a common mechanism influencing the expression of tumor suppressors, we hypothesized that downregulation of THRB in renal cancer results from epigenetic aberrances, including CpG methylation and microRNA-dependent silencing. Our study revealed that ccRCC tumors exhibited a 56% decrease in THRB and a 37% increase in DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression when compared with paired non-neoplastic control samples. However, THRB CpG methylation analysis performed using BSP, SNaPshot and MSP-PCR consistently revealed no changes in methylation patterns between matched tumor and control samples. In silico analysis resulted in identification of four microRNAs (miR-155, miR-425, miR-592, and miR-599) as potentially targeting THRB transcript. Luciferase assay showed direct binding of miR-155 and miR-425 to 3′UTR of THRB, and subsequent in vivo analyses revealed that transfection of UOK171 cell line with synthetic miR-155 or miR-425 resulted in decreased expression of endogenous TRHB by 22% and 64%, respectively. Finally, real-time PCR analysis showed significant upregulation of miR-155 (354%) and miR-425 (162%) in ccRCC when compared with matched controls. Moreover, microRNA levels were negatively correlated with the amount of THRB transcript in tissue samples. We conclude that CpG methylation is not the major mechanism contributing to decreased THRB expression in ccRCC. In contrast, THRB is targeted by microRNAs miR-155 and miR-425, whose increased expression may be responsible for downregulation of THRB in ccRCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wojcicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Kedzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Master
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Nauman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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117
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Ding S, Zhao Z, Sun D, Wu F, Bi D, Lu J, Xing N, Sun L, Wu H, Ding K. Eg5 inhibitor, a novel potent targeted therapy, induces cell apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7659-68. [PMID: 24801905 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is critical for mitosis and overexpressed in various malignant tumors, which has now been identified as a promising target in cancer therapy. However, the anti-cancer activity of Eg5 inhibitor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains an open issue. In this paper, we evaluated, for the first time, the therapeutic benefit of blocking Eg5 by S-(methoxytrityl)-L-cysteine (S(MeO)TLC) in RCC both in vitro and vivo. The expression of Eg5 was examined in clinical tissue samples and various kidney cell lines, including 293T, 786-0, and OS-RC-2. The anti-proliferative activity of Eg5 inhibitors, (S)-trityl-L-cysteine (STLC) and S(MeO)TLC, was evaluated by a cell viability assay. An apoptosis assay with Hoechst nuclear staining and flow cytometry was applied to investigate the efficacy of the S(MeO)TLC, which is more potent than STLC. Immunofluorescence was used to research the possible mechanism. Furthermore, in vivo studies were performed by using subcutaneous xenograft models, which were used to confirm its role as a potential anti-neoplastic drug. The Eg5 expression was detected in kidney cell lines and RCC tissues, which was low in normal kidney samples. STLC and S(MeO)TLC exhibited their optimal anti-proliferative activity in 72 h, and cells treated with S(MeO)TLC presented characteristic monoastral spindle phenotype in 24 h and apoptotic cells in 48 h. In vivo, S(MeO)TLC effectively suppressed tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models. Inhibition of Eg5 represses the proliferation of RCC in vitro and in vivo. All these findings collectively demonstrate that S(MeO)TLC, a potent Eg5 inhibitor, is a promising anti-cancer agent for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sentai Ding
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China,
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Boguslawska J, Piekielko-Witkowska A, Wojcicka A, Kedzierska H, Poplawski P, Nauman A. Regulatory feedback loop between T3 and microRNAs in renal cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:61-70. [PMID: 24440748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs, short non-coding RNAs, influence key physiological processes, including hormonal regulation, by affecting the expression of genes. In this study we hypothesised that the expression of microRNAs targeting thyroid hormone pathway genes may be in turn regulated by thyroid hormone signalling. It is known that the expression of DIO1, a gene contributing to triiodothyronine (T3) signalling, is regulated by miR-224. Thus, we analysed mutual regulation between triiodothyronine pathway and miR-224/miR-452/GABRE cluster. Firstly, we found that miR-452 directly regulates the expression of thyroid hormone receptor TRβ1 in renal cancer cells. In turn, the expression of miR-224/452/GABRE cluster and other microRNAs targeting TRβ1 was influenced by T3 treatment and/or TR silencing. miR-452 expression correlated with intracellular T3 concentrations in renal tumours. In conclusion, we propose a new mechanism of feedback regulation, by which in renal cancer microRNAs regulate the expression of T3 pathway genes, while T3 in turn regulates expression of microRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/genetics
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta/metabolism
- Triiodothyronine/biosynthesis
- Triiodothyronine/genetics
- Triiodothyronine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Piekielko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Wojcicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Kedzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Poplawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Nauman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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119
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Chen X, Wang X, Ruan A, Han W, Zhao Y, Lu X, Xiao P, Shi H, Wang R, Chen L, Chen S, Du Q, Yang H, Zhang X. miR-141 is a key regulator of renal cell carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by controlling EphA2 expression. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2617-30. [PMID: 24647573 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although microRNAs (miRNA) have been revealed as crucial modulators of tumorigenesis, our understanding of their roles in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is limited. Here we sought to identify human miRNAs that act as key regulators of renal carcinogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed microarray-based miRNA profiling of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and adjacent normal tissues and then explored the roles of miR-141 both in vitro and in vivo, which was the most significantly downregulated in ccRCC tissues. RESULTS A total of 74 miRNAs were dysregulated in ccRCC compared with normal tissues. miR-141 was remarkably downregulated in 92.6% (63/68) ccRCC tissues and would serve as a promising biomarker for discriminating ccRCC from normal tissues with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.93. Overexpression of miR-141 robustly impaired ccRCC cell migratory and invasive properties and suppressed cell proliferation by arresting cells at G0-G1 phase in vitro and in human RCC orthotopic xenografts. Significantly, the antitumor activities of miR-141 were mediated by its reversal regulation of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) A2 (EphA2), which then relayed a signaling transduction cascade to attenuate the functions of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), AKT, and MMP2/9. In addition, a specific and inverse correlation between miR-141 and EphA2 expression was obtained in human ccRCC samples. Finally, miR-141 could be secreted from the ccRCC donor cells, and be taken up and function moderately in the ccRCC recipient cells. CONCLUSION miR-141 serves as a potential biomarker for discriminating ccRCC from normal tissues and a crucial suppressor of ccRCC cell proliferation and metastasis by modulating the EphA2/p-FAK/p-AKT/MMPs signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xuegang Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anming Ruan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Weiwei Han
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yan Zhao
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xing Lu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pei Xiao
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hangchuan Shi
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rong Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Li Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Quansheng Du
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Urology, Union Hospital; Department of Pathogen Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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Grange C, Collino F, Tapparo M, Camussi G. Oncogenic micro-RNAs and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2014; 4:49. [PMID: 24672771 PMCID: PMC3956040 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor formation is a complex process that occurs in different steps and involves many cell types, including tumor cells, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells, which interact to promote growth of the tumor mass and metastasization. Epigenetic alterations occurring in transformed cells result in de-regulation of miRNA expression (a class of small non-coding RNA that regulates multiple functions), which contributes to tumorigenesis. The specific miRNAs, which have an aberrant expression in tumors, are defined as oncomiRNAs, and may be either over- or under-expressed, but down-regulation is most commonly observed. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a frequent form of urologic tumor, associated with an alteration of multiple signaling pathways. Many molecules involved in the progression of RCCs, such as HIF, VEGF, or mammalian target of rapamycin, are possible targets of de-regulated miRNAs. Within tumor mass, the cancer stem cell (CSC) population is a fundamental component that promotes tumor growth. The CSC hypothesis postulates that CSCs have the unique ability to self-renew and to maintain tumor growth and metastasis. CSCs present in RCC were shown to express the mesenchymal stem cell marker CD105 and to exhibit self-renewal and clonogenic properties, as well as the ability to generate serially transplantable tumors. The phenotype of CSC has been related to the potential to undergo the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which has been linked to the expression pattern of tumorigenic miRNAs or down-regulation of anti-tumor miRNAs. In addition, the pattern of circulating miRNAs may allow discrimination between healthy and tumor patients. Therefore, a miRNA signature may be used as a tumor biomarker for cancer diagnosis, as well as to classify the risk of relapse and metastasis, and for a guide for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Federica Collino
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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121
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Zaravinos A, Lambrou GI, Mourmouras N, Katafygiotis P, Papagregoriou G, Giannikou K, Delakas D, Deltas C. New miRNA profiles accurately distinguish renal cell carcinomas and upper tract urothelial carcinomas from the normal kidney. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91646. [PMID: 24621579 PMCID: PMC3951427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UT-UC) can invade the pelvicalyceal system making differential diagnosis of the various histologically distinct renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes and UT-UC, difficult. Correct diagnosis is critical for determining appropriate surgery and post-surgical treatments. We aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA) signatures that can accurately distinguish the most prevalent RCC subtypes and UT-UC form the normal kidney. Methods and Findings miRNA profiling was performed on FFPE tissue sections from RCC and UT-UC and normal kidney and 434 miRNAs were significantly deregulated in cancerous vs. the normal tissue. Hierarchical clustering distinguished UT-UCs from RCCs and classified the various RCC subtypes among them. qRT-PCR validated the deregulated expression profile for the majority of the miRNAs and ROC analysis revealed their capability to discriminate between tumour and normal kidney. An independent cohort of freshly frozen RCC and UT-UC samples was used to validate the deregulated miRNAs with the best discriminatory ability (AUC>0.8, p<0.001). Many of them were located within cytogenetic regions that were previously reported to be significantly aberrated. miRNA targets were predicted using the miRWalk algorithm and ingenuity pathway analysis identified the canonical pathways and curated networks of the deregulated miRNAs. Using the miRWalk algorithm, we further identified the top anti-correlated mRNA/miRNA pairs, between the deregulated miRNAs from our study and the top co-deregulated mRNAs among 5 independent ccRCC GEO datasets. The AB8/13 undifferentiated podocyte cells were used for functional assays using luciferase reporter constructs and the developmental transcription factor TFCP2L1 was proved to be a true target of miR-489, which was the second most upregulated miRNA in ccRCC. Conclusions We identified novel miRNAs specific for each RCC subtype and UT-UC, we investigated their putative targets, the networks and pathways in which they participate and we functionally verified the true targets of the top deregulated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Zaravinos
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail: (AZ): (CD); (AZ): (CD)
| | - George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Mourmouras
- Department of Urology, Asklipieio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gregory Papagregoriou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Krinio Giannikou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Delakas
- Department of Urology, Asklipieio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail: (AZ): (CD); (AZ): (CD)
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Hardikar AA, Farr RJ, Joglekar MV. Circulating microRNAs: understanding the limits for quantitative measurement by real-time PCR. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000792. [PMID: 24572259 PMCID: PMC3959687 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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123
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Wei Q, Mi QS, Dong Z. The regulation and function of microRNAs in kidney diseases. IUBMB Life 2014; 65:602-14. [PMID: 23794512 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous short noncoding RNAs, which regulate virtually all major cellular processes by inhibiting target gene expression. In kidneys, miRNAs have been implicated in renal development, homeostasis, and physiological functions. In addition, miRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including renal carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, hypertensive nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and others. Furthermore, miRNAs may have great values as biomarkers in different kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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124
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miR-126 in human cancers: Clinical roles and current perspectives. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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125
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Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: micro-RNA expression profiling and comparison with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1130-8. [PMID: 24703100 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a low-grade renal neoplasm with morphological characteristics mimicking both clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). However, despite some overlapping features, their morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular profiles are distinct. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and are involved in various biological processes, including cancer development. To better understand the biology of this tumor, we aimed to analyze the miRNA expression profile of a set of CCPRCC using microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A total of 15 cases diagnosed as CCPRCC were used in this study. Among the most differentially expressed miRNA in CCPRCC, we found miR-210, miR-122, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-34b*, and miR-489 to be up-regulated, whereas miR-4284, miR-1202, miR-135a, miR-1973, and miR-204 were down-regulated compared with normal renal parenchyma. To identify consensus of differentially regulated miRNA between CCPRCC, CCRCC, and PRCC, we additionally determined differential miRNA expression using 2 publically available microarray data sets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE41282 and GSE3798). This comparison revealed that the miRNA expression profile of CCPRCC shows some overlapping characteristics between CCRCC and PRCC. Moreover, CCPRCC lacks dysregulation of important miRNAs typically associated with aggressive behavior. In summary, we describe the miRNA expression profile of a relatively infrequent type of renal cancer. Our results may help in understanding the molecular underpinning of this newly recognized entity.
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Prior C, Perez-Gracia JL, Garcia-Donas J, Rodriguez-Antona C, Guruceaga E, Esteban E, Suarez C, Castellano D, del Alba AG, Lozano MD, Carles J, Climent MA, Arranz JA, Gallardo E, Puente J, Bellmunt J, Gurpide A, Lopez-Picazo JM, Hernandez AG, Mellado B, Martínez E, Moreno F, Font A, Calvo A. Identification of tissue microRNAs predictive of sunitinib activity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86263. [PMID: 24475095 PMCID: PMC3901669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify tissue microRNAs predictive of sunitinib activity in patients with metastatic renal-cell-carcinoma (MRCC) and to evaluate in vitro their mechanism of action in sunitinib resistance. Methods We screened 673 microRNAs using TaqMan Low-density-Arrays (TLDAs) in tumors from MRCC patients with extreme phenotypes of marked efficacy and resistance to sunitinib, selected from an identification cohort (n = 41). The most relevant differentially expressed microRNAs were selected using bioinformatics-based target prediction analysis and quantified by qRT-PCR in tumors from patients presenting similar phenotypes selected from an independent cohort (n = 101). In vitro experiments were conducted to study the role of miR-942 in sunitinib resistance. Results TLDAs identified 64 microRNAs differentially expressed in the identification cohort. Seven candidates were quantified by qRT-PCR in the independent series. MiR-942 was the most accurate predictor of sunitinib efficacy (p = 0.0074). High expression of miR-942, miR-628-5p, miR-133a, and miR-484 was significantly associated with decreased time to progression and overall survival. These microRNAs were also overexpressed in the sunitinib resistant cell line Caki-2 in comparison with the sensitive cell line. MiR-942 overexpression in Caki-2 up-regulates MMP-9 and VEGF secretion which, in turn, promote HBMEC endothelial migration and sunitinib resistance. Conclusions We identified differentially expressed microRNAs in MRCC patients presenting marked sensitivity or resistance to sunitinib. MiR-942 was the best predictor of efficacy. We describe a novel paracrine mechanism through which high miR-942 levels in MRCC cells up-regulates MMP-9 and VEGF secretion to enhance endothelial migration and sunitinib resistance. Our results support further validation of these miRNA in clinical confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Prior
- Oncology Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Guruceaga
- Proteomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emilio Esteban
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Suarez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Dolores Lozano
- Pathology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose Angel Arranz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gallardo
- Medical Oncology Department, Parc Taulí Sabadell Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Javier Puente
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gurpide
- Oncology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Begoña Mellado
- Medical Oncology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Moreno
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Font
- Medical Oncology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Oncology Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Combination of expression levels of miR-21 and miR-126 is associated with cancer-specific survival in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:25. [PMID: 24428907 PMCID: PMC3897948 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is marked by high mortality rate. To date, no robust risk stratification by clinical or molecular prognosticators of cancer-specific survival (CSS) has been established for early stages. Transcriptional profiling of small non-coding RNA gene products (miRNAs) seems promising for prognostic stratification. The expression of miR-21 and miR-126 was analysed in a large cohort of RCC patients; a combined risk score (CRS)-model was constructed based on expression levels of both miRNAs. METHODS Expression of miR-21 and miR-126 was evaluated by qRT-PCR in tumour and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue in n = 139 clear cell RCC patients. Relation of miR-21 and miR-126 expression with various clinical parameters was assessed. Parameters were analysed by uni- and multivariate COX regression. A factor derived from the z-score resulting from the COX model was determined for both miRs separately and a combined risk score (CRS) was calculated multiplying the relative expression of miR-21 and miR-126 by this factor. The best fitting COX model was selected by relative goodness-of-fit with the Akaike information criterion (AIC). RESULTS RCC with and without miR-21 up- and miR-126 downregulation differed significantly in synchronous metastatic status and CSS. Upregulation of miR-21 and downregulation of miR-126 were independently prognostic. A combined risk score (CRS) based on the expression of both miRs showed high sensitivity and specificity in predicting CSS and prediction was independent from any other clinico-pathological parameter. Association of CRS with CSS was successfully validated in a testing cohort containing patients with high and low risk for progressive disease. CONCLUSIONS A combined expression level of miR-21 and miR-126 accurately predicted CSS in two independent RCC cohorts and seems feasible for clinical application in assessing prognosis.
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Teixeira AL, Ferreira M, Silva J, Gomes M, Dias F, Santos JI, Maurício J, Lobo F, Medeiros R. Higher circulating expression levels of miR-221 associated with poor overall survival in renal cell carcinoma patients. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:4057-66. [PMID: 24379138 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression remain unclear, and new biomarkers for early detection, follow-up of the disease and prognosis are needed in routine practice to improve the diagnostic and/or prognostic accuracy. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in cancer development and progression. The up-regulation of miR-221/222 has been described in several human cancers, and during RCC development, this up-regulation can modulate the metastatic process. Our purpose was to investigate the circulating expression levels of miR-221/222 as potential biomarkers for RCC detection and their influence in patients' overall survival. The circulating miR-221/222 was studied by relative quantification in 77 plasma samples. A follow-up study was undertaken to evaluate the overall survival. We observed that RCC patients presented higher circulating expression levels of miR-221 and miR-222 than healthy individuals (2(-ΔΔCt) = 2.8, P = 0.028; 2(-ΔΔCt) = 2.2, P = 0.044, respectively). The RCC patients with metastasis at diagnosis also presented higher circulating expression levels of miR-221 than patients with no metastasis (2(-ΔΔCt) = 10.9, P = 0.001). We also observed a significantly lower overall survival in patients with higher expression levels of miR-221 (48 vs 116 months, respectively; P = 0.024). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis using the tumour, nodes and metastasis stage (TNM stage); Fuhrman nuclear grade and age (≥60 years) as covariants demonstrated a higher risk of specific death by cancer in patients who presented higher expression levels of miR-221 (hazard ratio (HR) = 10.7, 95% confidence interval 1.33-85.65, P = 0.026). The concordance (c) index showed that the definition of profiles that contain information regarding tumour characteristics associated with circulating miR-221 expression information presents an increased capacity to predict the risk of death by RCC (c index model 1, 0.800 vs model 2, 0.961). Our results, which identified the plasma miR-221/222 at variable levels during RCC development, suggest that these miRNAs may have a potential as noninvasive biomarkers of RCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072,, Porto, Portugal,
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129
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McDermott AM, Kerin MJ, Miller N. Identification and validation of miRNAs as endogenous controls for RQ-PCR in blood specimens for breast cancer studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83718. [PMID: 24391813 PMCID: PMC3877087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A prerequisite to accurate interpretation of RQ-PCR data is robust data normalization. A commonly used method is to compare the cycle threshold (CT) of target miRNAs with those of a stably expressed endogenous (EC) miRNA(s) from the same sample. Despite the large number of studies reporting miRNA expression patterns, comparatively few appropriate ECs have been reported thus far. The purpose of this study was to identify stably expressed miRNAs with which to normalize RQ-PCR data derived from human blood specimens. Methods MiRNA profiling of approximately 380 miRNAs was performed on RNA derived from blood specimens from 10 women with breast cancer and 10 matched controls. Analysis of mean expression values across the dataset (GME) identified stably expressed candidates. Additional candidates were selected from the literature and analyzed by the geNorm algorithm. Further validation of three candidate ECs by RQ-PCR was performed in a larger cohort (n = 40 cancer, n = 20 control) was performed, including analysis by geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Results Microarray screening identified 10 candidate ECs with expression patterns closest to the global mean. Geometric averaging of candidate ECs from the literature using geNorm identified miR-425 as the most stably expressed miRNA. MiR-425 and miR-16 were the best combination, achieving the lowest V-value of 0.185. Further validation by RQ-PCR confirmed that miR-16 and miR-425 were the most stably expressed ECs overall. Their combined use to normalize expression data enabled the detection of altered target miRNA expression that reliably differentiated between cancers and controls in human blood specimens. Conclusion This study identified that the combined use of 2 miRNAs, (miR-16 and miR-425) to normalize RQ-PCR data generated more reliable results than using either miRNA alone, or use of U6. Further investigation into suitable ECs for use in miRNA RQ-PCR studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailbhe M. McDermott
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael J. Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Heinzelmann J, Unrein A, Wickmann U, Baumgart S, Stapf M, Szendroi A, Grimm MO, Gajda MR, Wunderlich H, Junker K. MicroRNAs with prognostic potential for metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a comparison of primary tumors and distant metastases. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:1046-54. [PMID: 24242678 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression in tumor development and progression. However, their influence on metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is less understood. To determine the role of miRNAs in metastatic progression, miRNA expression in primary ccRCC was compared to distant metastases. METHODS Total RNA of 53 primary ccRCCs, 35 distant metastases from lung, bone, brain, and abdomen, as well as 17 normal kidney tissues was isolated from fresh frozen tissue and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. The miRNA microarrays were performed based on fresh frozen tissue. Results were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on fresh frozen tissue and FFPE samples. Real-time cell analyses and transwell invasion assays were carried out after transient transfection of microRNA-30c (miR-30c) in cell line 786-O. RESULTS There were 14 miRNAs differently expressed in metastatic primary ccRCC and distant metastases compared to non-metastatic primary tumors. A strong correlation of miRNAs to progression-free- and cancer-specific 5-year-survival was determined. Specific miRNAs were differently expressed in distant metastases compared to primary ccRCC. A miRNA signature distinguished lung metastases from other metastatic sites. Overexpression of miR-30c increased adherence and decreased migration and invasion in the ccRCC cell line. CONCLUSIONS MiRNAs are deregulated in metastatic primary ccRCC and could be promising prognostic markers for an early prediction of metastasis. Alterations in miRNA expression characterize distant metastases of different metastatic sites. Furthermore, our study suggests a functional role of miR-30c in metastasis. The miRNAs could be a helpful tool for individual follow-up prediction and personalized therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Heinzelmann
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany,
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131
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Lewis H, Lance R, Troyer D, Beydoun H, Hadley M, Orians J, Benzine T, Madric K, Semmes OJ, Drake R, Esquela-Kerscher A. miR-888 is an expressed prostatic secretions-derived microRNA that promotes prostate cell growth and migration. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:227-39. [PMID: 24200968 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are a growing class of small non-coding RNAs that exhibit widespread dysregulation in prostate cancer. We profiled miRNA expression in syngeneic human prostate cancer cell lines that differed in their metastatic potential in order to determine their role in aggressive prostate cancer. miR-888 was the most differentially expressed miRNA observed in human metastatic PC3-ML cells relative to non-invasive PC3-N cells, and its levels were higher in primary prostate tumors from cancer patients, particularly those with seminal vesicle invasion. We also examined a novel miRNA-based biomarker source called expressed prostatic secretions in urine (EPS urine) for miR-888 expression and found that its levels were preferentially elevated in prostate cancer patients with high-grade disease. These expression studies indicated a correlation for miR-888 in disease progression. We next tested how miR-888 regulated cancer-related pathways in vitro using human prostate cancer cell lines. Overexpression of miR-888 increased proliferation and migration, and conversely inhibition of miR-888 activity blocked these processes. miR-888 also increased colony formation in PC3-N and LNCaP cells, supporting an oncogenic role for this miRNA in the prostate. Our data indicates that miR-888 functions to promote prostate cancer progression and can suppress protein levels of the tumor suppressor genes RBL1 and SMAD4. This miRNA holds promise as a diagnostic tool using an innovative prostatic fluid source as well as a therapeutic target for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Lewis
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Raymond Lance
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA; Department of Urology; Eastern Virginia Medical School and Urology of Virginia; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Dean Troyer
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Hind Beydoun
- Graduate Program in Public Health; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Melissa Hadley
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Joseph Orians
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Tiffany Benzine
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Kenya Madric
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - O John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Richard Drake
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Aurora Esquela-Kerscher
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Cell Biology; Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center; Eastern Virginia Medical School; Norfolk, VA USA
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132
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Chen X, Liang H, Guan D, Wang C, Hu X, Cui L, Chen S, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zen K, Zhang CY. A combination of Let-7d, Let-7g and Let-7i serves as a stable reference for normalization of serum microRNAs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79652. [PMID: 24223986 PMCID: PMC3818225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum and plasma are stable and can serve as biomarkers of many human diseases. Measurement of circulating miRNAs with sufficient sensitivity and precision, however, faces some special challenges, among which proper normalization is the most critical but often an underappreciated issue. The primary aim of this study was to identify endogenous reference genes that maintain consistent levels under various conditions to serve as an internal control for quantification of serum miRNAs. We developed a strategy combining Illumina’s sequencing by synthesis (SBS) technology, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, literature screening and statistical analysis to screen and validate the most suitable reference genes. A combination of let-7d, let-7g and let-7i is selected as a reference for the normalization of serum miRNAs and it is statistically superior to the commonly used reference genes U6, RNU44, RNU48 and miR-16. This has important implications for proper experimental design and accurate data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danping Guan
- Nanjing MicroMedMark Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Nanjing MicroMedMark Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Nanjing MicroMedMark Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sidi Chen
- Beijing MicroMedMark Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chunni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (CYZ); (KZ); (JZ)
| | - Ke Zen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (CYZ); (KZ); (JZ)
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (CYZ); (KZ); (JZ)
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133
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Ibragimova I, Slifker MJ, Maradeo ME, Banumathy G, Dulaimi E, Uzzo RG, Cairns P. Genome-wide promoter methylome of small renal masses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77309. [PMID: 24204800 PMCID: PMC3811999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is now incidentally detected and presents as small renal masses (SRMs) defined as ≤ 4 cm in size. SRMs are heterogeneous comprising several histological types of RCC each with different biology and behavior, and benign tumors mainly oncocytoma. The varied prognosis of the different types of renal tumor has implications for management options. A key epigenetic alteration involved in the initiation and progression of cancer is aberrant methylation in the promoter region of a gene. The hypermethylation is associated with transcriptional repression and is an important mechanism of inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in neoplastic cells. We have determined the genome-wide promoter methylation profiles of 47 pT1a and 2 pT1b clear cell, papillary or chromophobe RCC, 25 benign renal oncocytoma ≤ 4 cm and 4 normal renal parenchyma specimens by Infinium HumanMethylation27 beadchip technology. We identify gene promoter hypermethylation signatures that distinguish clear cell and papillary from each other, from chromophobe and oncocytoma, and from normal renal cells. Pairwise comparisons revealed genes aberrantly hypermethylated in a tumor type but unmethylated in normal, and often unmethylated in the other renal tumor types. About 0.4% to 1.7% of genes comprised the promoter methylome in SRMs. The Infinium methylation score for representative genes was verified by gold standard technologies. The genes identified as differentially methylated implicate pathways involved in metabolism, tissue response to injury, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), signal transduction and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), cancer, and stem cell regulation in the biology of RCC. Our findings contribute towards an improved understanding of the development of RCC, the different biology and behavior of histological types, and discovery of molecular subtypes. The differential methylation signatures may have utility in early detection and particularly differential diagnosis for prognostic stratification as well as identify novel gene and pathway targets for therapeutic intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/diagnosis
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/genetics
- Adenoma, Oxyphilic/metabolism
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA Methylation
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilsiya Ibragimova
- Cancer Epigenetics Program and Kidney Keystone Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Slifker
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marie E. Maradeo
- Cancer Epigenetics Program and Kidney Keystone Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gowrishankar Banumathy
- Cancer Epigenetics Program and Kidney Keystone Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Essel Dulaimi
- Department of Pathology and Kidney Keystone Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Keystone Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul Cairns
- Cancer Epigenetics Program and Kidney Keystone Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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134
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Ghasemi F, Wegman DW, Kanoatov M, Yang BB, Liu SK, Yousef GM, Krylov SN. Improvements to Direct Quantitative Analysis of Multiple MicroRNAs Facilitating Faster Analysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10062-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402812f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ghasemi
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David W. Wegman
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mirzo Kanoatov
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stanley K. Liu
- Sunnybrook-Odette Cancer Centre, 2075 Bayview
Ave., Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - George M. Yousef
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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135
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Silva-Santos RM, Costa-Pinheiro P, Luis A, Antunes L, Lobo F, Oliveira J, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. MicroRNA profile: a promising ancillary tool for accurate renal cell tumour diagnosis. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2646-53. [PMID: 24129247 PMCID: PMC3833202 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell tumours (RCTs) are clinically, morphologically and genetically heterogeneous. Accurate identification of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and its discrimination from normal tissue and benign tumours is mandatory. We, thus, aimed to define a panel of microRNAs that might aid in the diagnostic workup of RCTs. Methods: Fresh-frozen tissues from 120 RCTs (clear-cell RCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC (chRCC) and oncocytomas: 30 cases each), 10 normal renal tissues and 60 cases of ex-vivo fine-needle aspiration biopsies from RCTs (15 of each subtype validation set) were collected. Expression levels of miR-21, miR-141, miR-155, miR-183 and miR-200b were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription–PCR. Receiver operator characteristic curves were constructed and the areas under the curve were calculated to assess diagnostic performance. Disease-specific survival curves and a Cox regression model comprising all significant variables were computed. Results: Renal cell tumours displayed significantly lower expression levels of miR-21, miR-141 and miR-200b compared with that of normal tissues, and expression levels of all miRs differed significantly between malignant and benign RCTs. Expression analysis of miR-141 or miR-200b accurately distinguished RCTs from normal renal tissues, oncocytoma from RCC and chRCC from oncocytoma. The diagnostic performance was confirmed in the validation set. Interestingly, miR-21, miR-141 and miR-155 expression levels showed prognostic significance in a univariate analysis. Conclusion: The miR-141 or miR-200b panel accurately distinguishes RCC from normal kidney and oncocytoma in tissue samples, discriminating from normal kidney and oncocytoma, whereas miR-21, miR-141 and miR-155 convey prognostic information. This approach is feasible in fine-needle aspiration biopsies and might provide an ancillary tool for routine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Silva-Santos
- 1] Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute, Rua Doutor António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal [2] Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
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136
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Genomics and epigenomics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: recent developments and potential applications. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:111-26. [PMID: 23933176 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are diagnosed in the advanced metastatic stage resulting in dramatic decrease of patient survival. Thereby, early detection and monitoring of the disease may improve prognosis and treatment results. Recent technological advances enable the identification of genetic events associated with ccRCC and reveal significant molecular heterogeneity of ccRCC tumors. This review summarizes recent findings in ccRCC genomics and epigenomics derived from chromosomal aberrations, DNA sequencing and methylation, mRNA, miRNA expression profiling experiments. We provide a molecular insight into ccRCC pathology and recapitulate possible clinical applications of genomic alterations as predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
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137
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Yang Y, Xiao L, Li J, Kanwar YS, Liu F, Sun L. Urine miRNAs: potential biomarkers for monitoring progression of early stages of diabetic nephropathy. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:274-8. [PMID: 23683774 PMCID: PMC3706533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With a steep increase in the incidence of type 1 and 2 diabetes globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) has now become the leading cause of renal failure in the world. There are no suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis of early stages of DN. In recent years, tremendous efforts are being made worldwide to delineate the role of micro RNAs in the pathogenesis of DN. Circulating miRNAs in serum, plasma, urine and other body fluids, which reflect a response to various pathophysiological stresses, are being investigated in the context of diabetic nephropathy. Delineation of the changes in miRNA levels in patients with DN may lead to a better understanding of the progression of the disease. We present here an exhaustive survey of the miRNA literature, highlighting various studies performed over the last decade. The aim is to assess if changes in various miRNAs could correlate with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Based on the survey, we found that miRNA-377, miRNA-192, miRNA-216/217 and miRNA-144 are increased in body fluids of patients with DN, while miRNA-21 and miRNA-375 are decreased. Overall, there are a very few miRNAs that are kidney specific, and although significant differences were observed in the urinary excretion of certain miRNAs, they were not correlative to their levels in the blood or plasma. Thus, it is completely plausible that urine-specific miRNAs could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of early stages of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyi Yang
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Yashpal S. Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology & Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephropathy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China 410011
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138
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Bissonnette MLZ, Kocherginsky M, Tretiakova M, Jimenez RE, Barkan GA, Mehta V, Sirintrapun SJ, Steinberg GD, White KP, Stricker T, Paner GP. The different morphologies of urachal adenocarcinoma do not discriminate genomically by micro-RNA expression profiling. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1605-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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139
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MicroRNA expression profiling of peripheral blood samples predicts resistance to first-line sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1144-52. [PMID: 23308047 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy benefits many patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but there is still a need for predictive markers that help in selecting the best therapy for individual patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cancer cell behavior and may be attractive biomarkers for prognosis and prediction of response. Forty-four patients with RCC were recruited into this observational prospective study conducted in nine Spanish institutions. Peripheral blood samples were taken before initiation of therapy and 14 days later in patients receiving first-line therapy with sunitinib for advanced RCC. miRNA expression in peripheral blood was assessed using microarrays and L2 boosting was applied to filtered miRNA expression data. Several models predicting poor and prolonged response to sunitinib were constructed and evaluated by binary logistic regression. Blood samples from 38 patients and 287 miRNAs were evaluated. Twenty-eight miRNAs of the 287 were related to poor response and 23 of the 287 were related to prolonged response to sunitinib treatment. Predictive models identified populations with differences in the established end points. In the poor response group, median time to progression was 3.5 months and the overall survival was 8.5, whereas in the prolonged response group these values were 24 and 29.5 months, respectively. Ontology analyses pointed out to cancer-related pathways, such angiogenesis and apoptosis. miRNA expression signatures, measured in peripheral blood, may stratify patients with advanced RCC according to their response to first-line therapy with sunitinib, improving diagnostic accuracy. After proper validation, these signatures could be used to tailor therapy in this setting.
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140
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Lin L, Lin Y, Jin Y, Zheng C. RETRACTED: Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in liver cancer tissues and normal control. Gene 2013; 523:158-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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141
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MicroRNA profiles classify papillary renal cell carcinoma subtypes. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:714-22. [PMID: 23799849 PMCID: PMC3738121 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Besides the conventional clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC) is the second most common renal malignancy. Papillary RCCs can further be subdivided into two distinct subtypes. Although a clinical relevance of pRCC subtyping has been shown, little is known about the molecular characteristics of both pRCC subtypes. Methods: We performed microarray-based microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of primary ccRCC and pRCC cases. A subset of miRNAs was identified and used to establish a classification model for ccRCC, pRCC types 1 and 2 and normal tissue. Furthermore, we performed gene set enrichment analysis with the predicted miRNA target genes. Results: Only five miRNAs (miR-145, -200c, -210, -502-3p and let-7c) were sufficient to identify the samples with high accuracy. In a collection of 111 tissue samples, 73.9% were classified correctly. An enrichment of miRNA target genes in the family of multidrug-resistance proteins was noted in all tumours. Several components of the Jak-STAT signalling pathway might be targets for miRNAs that define pRCC tumour subtypes. Conclusion: MicroRNAs are able to accurately classify RCC samples. Deregulated miRNAs might contribute to the high chemotherapy resistance of RCC. Furthermore, our results indicate that pRCC type 2 tumours could be dependent on oncogenic MYC signalling.
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142
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143
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of personalized medicine has made large strides since the introduction of high-throughput technologies and the vast improvements in computational biotechnology. The personalized-medicine approach to cancer management holds promise for earlier disease detection, accurate prediction of prognosis, and better treatment options; however, the early experience with personalized medicine has revealed important concerns that need to be addressed before research findings can be translated to the bedside. CONTENT We discuss several emerging "practical" or "focused" applications of personalized medicine. Molecular testing can have an important positive impact on health and disease management in a number of ways, and the list of specific applications is evolving. This list includes improvements in risk assessment, disease prevention, identification of new disease-related mutations, accurate disease classification based on molecular signatures, selection of patients for enrollment in clinical trials, and development of new targeted therapies, especially for metastatic tumors that are refractory to treatment. Several challenges remain to be addressed before genomics information can be applied successfully in the routine clinical management of cancers. Further improvements and investigations are needed in data interpretation, extraction of actionable items, cost-effectiveness, how to account for patient heterogeneity and ethnic variation, and how to handle the risk of "incidental findings" in genetic testing. SUMMARY It is now clear that personalized medicine will not immediately provide a permanent solution for patient management and that further refinement in the applications of personalized medicine will be needed to address and focus on specific issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Pasic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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144
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Ma L, Qu L. The Function of MicroRNAs in Renal Development and Pathophysiology. J Genet Genomics 2013; 40:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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145
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Beresneva EV, Rykov SV, Khodyrev DS, Pronina IV, Ermilova VD, Kazubskaya TP, Braga EA, Loginov VI. Methylation profile of group of miRNA genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and their involvement in cancer progression. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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146
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Spector Y, Fridman E, Rosenwald S, Zilber S, Huang Y, Barshack I, Zion O, Mitchell H, Sanden M, Meiri E. Development and validation of a microRNA-based diagnostic assay for classification of renal cell carcinomas. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:732-8. [PMID: 23587442 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cancers account for more than 3% of adult malignancies and cause more than 13,000 deaths per year in the US alone. The four most common types of kidney tumors include the malignant renal cell carcinomas; clear cell, papillary, chromophobe and the benign oncocytoma. These histological subtypes vary in their clinical course and prognosis, and different clinical strategies have been developed for their management. In some kidney tumor cases it can be very difficult for the pathologist to distinguish between tumor types on the basis of morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this publication we present the development and validation of a microRNA-based assay for classifying primary kidney tumors. The assay, which classifies the four main kidney tumor types, was developed based on the expression of a set of 24 microRNAs. A validation set of 201 independent samples was classified using the assay and analyzed blindly. The assay produced results for 92% of the samples with an accuracy of 95%.
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147
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Genomics and epigenomics of renal cell carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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148
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Khella HWZ, Bakhet M, Lichner Z, Romaschin AD, Jewett MAS, Yousef GM. MicroRNAs in kidney disease: an emerging understanding. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 61:798-808. [PMID: 23219107 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules that function by negatively regulating the expression of their target genes in a tightly controlled manner. Accumulating evidence, based in part on effects seen after miRNA overexpression and/or knockdown, points to the critical involvement of miRNAs in kidney function in health and disease. In this review, we provide a quick overview of the biogenesis of miRNAs and their potential involvement in kidney development and normal function. We also discuss the current literature that has begun to uncover the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and cancer. As such, miRNAs have potential utility in the clinical realm as disease biomarkers. Moreover, miRNAs represent an attractive therapeutic target for a number of kidney diseases. We close by discussing a number of potential challenges that face the field of miRNA research and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba W Z Khella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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149
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Diagnostic and prognostic potential of differentially expressed miRNAs between metastatic and non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma at the time of nephrectomy. Clin Chim Acta 2012. [PMID: 23178446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in oncology. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic potential of selected microRNAs in primary clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) as predictors of tumor recurrence after radical nephrectomy. METHODS miR-122, miR-141, miR-155, miR-184, miR-200c, miR-210, miR-224, and miR-514, validated as differentially expressed in a previous study, were measured by RT-PCR in matched malignant and non-malignant tumor samples after nephrectomy from 111 patients (89 without, 22 with metastases) and clinicopathological and outcome data were collected. Non-parametric statistical tests, receiver-operating characteristics, Kaplan-Meier-, and univariate as well as multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Downregulation of miR-141/-184/-200c/-514 and upregulation of miR-122/-155/-210/-224 were not different between samples of non-metastatic and metastatic tumors except for miR-122 and miR-514. miR-514 was further downregulated in metastatic compared with non-metastatic tumors while the upregulation of miR-122 was significantly reduced in metastatic carcinomas. All miRNAs were suitable to discriminate malignant from non-malignant tissue. miR-122 and miR-514 were significantly related to the recurrence risk but only miR-514 provided independent prognostic information in the final model including relevant clinicopathological variables. CONCLUSIONS MiR-122 and miR-514 play a role in tumor recurrence after nephrectomy. Expression of miR-514 was particularly downregulated in primary metastatic tumor and those that recur and might be a suitable adjunct marker for predicting tumor recurrence.
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150
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Duns G, van den Berg A, van Dijk MCRF, van Duivenbode I, Giezen C, Kluiver J, van Goor H, Hofstra RMW, van den Berg E, Kok K. The entire miR-200 seed family is strongly deregulated in clear cell renal cell cancer compared to the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:165-73. [PMID: 23074016 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies reporting deregulated microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression patterns in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), no direct comparisons have been made to its presumed normal counterpart: the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The aim of this study was to determine the miRNA expression profiles of 10 ccRCC-derived cell lines and short-term cultures of PTEC and to correlate these with their gene expression and copy-number profiles. Using microarray-based methods, a significantly altered expression level in ccRCC cell lines was observed for 23 miRNAs and 1630 genes. The set of miRNAs with significantly decreased expression levels include all members of the miR-200 family known to be involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process. Expression levels of 13 of the 47 validated target genes for the downregulated miRNAs were increased more than twofold. Our data reinforce the importance of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process in the development of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben Duns
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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