101
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Blans K, Hansen MS, Sørensen LV, Hvam ML, Howard KA, Möller A, Wiking L, Larsen LB, Rasmussen JT. Pellet-free isolation of human and bovine milk extracellular vesicles by size-exclusion chromatography. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1294340. [PMID: 28386391 PMCID: PMC5373680 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1294340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EV) in human and bovine milk carry immune modulatory properties which could provide beneficial health effects to infants. In order to assess the possible health effects of milk EV, it is essential to use isolates of high purity from other more abundant milk structures with well-documented bioactive properties. Furthermore, gentle isolation procedures are important for reducing the risk of generating vesicle artefacts, particularly when EV subpopulations are investigated. In this study, we present two isolation approaches accomplished in three steps based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) resulting in effective and reproducible EV isolation from raw milk. The approaches do not require any EV pelleting and can be applied to both human and bovine milk. We show that SEC effectively separates phospholipid membrane vesicles from the primary casein and whey protein components in two differently obtained casein reduced milk fractions, with one of the fractions obtained without the use of ultracentrifugation. Milk EV isolates were enriched in lactadherin, CD9, CD63 and CD81 compared to minimal levels of the EV-marker proteins in other relevant milk fractions such as milk fat globules. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy reveals the presence of heterogeneous sized vesicle structures in milk EV isolates. Lipid analysis by thin layer chromatography shows that EV isolates are devoid of triacylglycerides and presents a phospholipid profile differing from milk fat globules surrounded by epithelial cell plasma membrane. Moreover, the milk EV fractions are enriched in RNA with distinct and diverging profiles from milk fat globules. Collectively, our data supports that successful milk EV isolation can be accomplished in few steps without the use of ultracentrifugation, as the presented isolation approaches based on SEC effectively isolates EV in both human and bovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Blans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Maria S Hansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Michael L Hvam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arne Möller
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Lars Wiking
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Lotte B Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Jan T Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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102
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Castro-Gómez P, Montero O, Fontecha J. In-Depth Lipidomic Analysis of Molecular Species of Triacylglycerides, Diacylglycerides, Glycerophospholipids, and Sphingolipids of Buttermilk by GC-MS/FID, HPLC-ELSD, and UPLC-QToF-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030605. [PMID: 28287421 PMCID: PMC5372621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Buttermilk, a byproduct of butter manufacturing, has gained considerable attention due to its high concentration of polar lipids as phospho- and sphingolipids from the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). These polar lipids (PLs) are essential components of all cellular membranes and exert a variety of indispensable metabolic, neurological, and intracellular signaling processes. Despite its importance, there are few research studies that report a comprehensive characterization of the lipid molecular species of MFGM that could contribute to a better understanding of their putative healthful activities. In this study, procedures such as pressurized liquid extraction of polar and nonpolar lipids and their fractionation by flash chromatography have been carried out. The obtained fractions were submitted to an exhaustive characterization from a lipidomic point of view. The characterization includes new data about the identification and quantification of triacylglycerides (TAG), diacylglycerides (DAG), and phospho- and sphingolipids using different chromatographic techniques. The fatty acid profile was comparable to that of the milk fat but with a highly diverse composition of fatty acids. Molecular species have also been determined by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QToF-MS). The TAG (16:0/16:0/6:0) and TAG (16:0/16:0/8:0) were the predominant saturated TAG species and TAG (14:0/18:1/16:0) and TAG (16:0/16:0/18:1) presented the highest content of monounsaturated TAG species. Furthermore; over 30 molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) could be identified within PL, with PC (16:0/18:1) being the most abundant species. Whereas C16:0 was found to be the preferred FA in TAGs, it was C18:1 in PLs. Several ganglioside species have also been characterized with d18:1 ceramide moiety and secondary acyl chains ranging from C20:0 to C26:1. This approach could broaden the applications of high-resolution mass spectrometry for a better understanding of the role of MFGM and its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Castro-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health, Campus of Autonoma University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Centre for Biotechnology Development, Spanish National Research Council (CDB, CSIC), 47151 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Institute of Food Science Research, Spanish National Research Council (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health, Campus of Autonoma University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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103
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Brijesha N, Nishimura SI, Aparna HS. Comparative Glycomics of Fat Globule Membrane Glycoconjugates from Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Milk and Colostrum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1496-1506. [PMID: 28145111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The health-promoting effects of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) glycoconjugates has attracted curiosity especially with regard to the challenges encountered to unravel the glycan complexities of MFGM glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. In this context, we characterized glycans present in buffalo milk and colostrum fat globule membranes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS analysis by adopting chemoselective glycoblotting technique. Unlike human and bovine MFGM glycoproteins, the variations were obvious with respect to their number, size, heterogeneity, and abundance among the samples analyzed. Among N-linked glycans, mono-, di-, and trisialyl glycans were apparent in colostrum, while MFGM predominantly contained mono- and disialyl glycans, in addition to neutral and high-mannose glycoforms. The structural assignments of major glycans were confirmed by TOF/TOF analysis. Core 1 O-glycans were more common in both samples, and the major glycosphingolipids were GM3 and GD3 irrespective of the samples analyzed. The colostrum N-glycans, being effective antibacterials against human pathogens, established the structure-function relationship of oligosaccharides in early milk in providing innate protection to the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Brijesha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore , Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India
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104
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Yang M, Cao X, Wu R, Liu B, Ye W, Yue X, Wu J. Comparative proteomic exploration of whey proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk using iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:671-681. [PMID: 28276902 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1279129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Whey, an essential source of dietary nutrients, is widely used in dairy foods for infants. A total of 584 whey proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk were identified and quantified by the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic method. The 424 differentially expressed whey proteins were identified and analyzed according to gene ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway, and multivariate statistical analysis. Biological processes principally involved biological regulation and response to stimulus. Major cellular components were extracellular region part and extracellular space. The most prevalent molecular function was protein binding. Twenty immune-related proteins and 13 proteins related to enzyme regulatory activity were differentially expressed in human and bovine milk. Differentially expressed whey proteins participated in many KEGG pathways, including major complement and coagulation cascades and in phagosomes. Whey proteins show obvious differences in expression in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk, with consequences for biological function. The results here increase our understanding of different whey proteomes, which could provide useful information for the development and manufacture of dairy products and nutrient food for infants. The advanced iTRAQ proteomic approach was used to analyze differentially expressed whey proteins in human and bovine colostrum and mature milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- a College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- a College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Rina Wu
- a College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Biao Liu
- b Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited , Hohhot , PR China
| | - Wenhui Ye
- b Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited , Hohhot , PR China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- a College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Junrui Wu
- a College of Food Science , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , PR China
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105
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Dietary supplementation with bovine-derived milk fat globule membrane lipids promotes neuromuscular development in growing rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:9. [PMID: 28127382 PMCID: PMC5259894 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is primarily composed of polar phospho- and sphingolipids, which have established biological effects on neuroplasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary MFGM supplementation on the neuromuscular system during post-natal development. Methods Growing rats received dietary supplementation with bovine-derived MFGM mixtures consisting of complex milk lipids (CML), beta serum concentrate (BSC) or a complex milk lipid concentrate (CMLc) (which lacks MFGM proteins) from post-natal day 10 to day 70. Results Supplementation with MFGM mixtures enriched in polar lipids (BSC and CMLc, but not CML) increased the plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration, with no effect on plasma phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) or sphingomyelin (SM). In contrast, muscle PC was reduced in rats receiving supplementation with both BSC and CMLc, whereas muscle PI, PE, PS and SM remained unchanged. Rats receiving BSC and CMLc (but not CML) displayed a slow-to-fast muscle fibre type profile shift (MyHCI → MyHCIIa) that was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in myogenic differentiation (myogenic regulatory factors) and relatively fast fibre type specialisation (Myh2 and Nfatc4). Expression of neuromuscular development genes, including nerve cell markers, components of the synaptogenic agrin–LRP4 pathway and acetylcholine receptor subunits, was also increased in muscle of rats supplemented with BSC and CMLc (but not CML). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with bovine-derived MFGM mixtures enriched in polar lipids can promote neuromuscular development during post-natal growth in rats, leading to shifts in adult muscle phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0161-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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106
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Ontsouka CE, Huang X, Aliyev E, Albrecht C. In vitro characterization and endocrine regulation of cholesterol and phospholipid transport in the mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:35-45. [PMID: 27760380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based studies previously showed that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) transfers cholesterol across mammary epithelial cells (MEC). Data for phospholipid transport are lacking, and it is unclear from which cellular source the transported cholesterol stems, whether this transport activates signaling pathways, and how lactogenic hormones regulate it. To clarify these aspects, lipid transport and expressional analyses were performed in bovine primary (bMEC) and/or immortalized (MAC-T) MEC cultures. Lipid efflux and ABCA1, ABCG1 and liver X receptorα mRNA levels were higher in MAC-T than bMEC. In MAC-T, the transported cholesterol originated mainly from the plasma membrane. ABCA1 dependent cholesterol efflux was higher than phosphatidylcholine efflux, was suppressed by probucol (ABCA1 inhibitor), AG490 (janus kinase-2 inhibitor), PD98059 (mitogen activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor) and pretreatment with β-cyclodextrin (lowering membrane cholesterol). Insulin was the only hormone significantly increasing cholesterol efflux. In conclusion, this study gives novel mechanistic and regulatory insights into the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids in MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneille Edgar Ontsouka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eldar Aliyev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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107
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Lopez C, Cauty C, Rousseau F, Blot M, Margolis A, Famelart MH. Lipid droplets coated with milk fat globule membrane fragments: Microstructure and functional properties as a function of pH. Food Res Int 2017; 91:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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108
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Asano H, Kida R, Muto K, Nara TY, Kato K, Hashimoto O, Kawada T, Matsui T, Funaba M. Modulation of brown adipocyte activity by milk by-products: Stimulation of brown adipogenesis by buttermilk. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:647-656. [PMID: 27935133 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat through the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1); Ucp1 expression is further upregulated by the stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors in brown adipocytes. An increase in energy expenditure by activated brown adipocytes potentially contributes to the prevention of or therapeutics for obesity. The present study examined the effects of milk by-products, buttermilk and butter oil, on brown adipogenesis and the function of brown adipocytes. The treatment with buttermilk modulated brown adipogenesis, depending on the product tested; during brown adipogenesis, buttermilk 1 inhibited the differentiation of HB2 brown preadipocytes. In contrast, buttermilk 3 and 5 increased the expression of Ucp1 in the absence of isoproterenol (Iso), a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, suggesting the stimulation of brown adipogenesis. In addition, the Iso-induced expression of Ucp1 was enhanced by buttermilk 2 and 3. The treatment with buttermilk did not affect the basal or induced expression of Ucp1 by Iso in HB2 brown adipocytes, except for buttermilk 5, which increased the basal expression of Ucp1. Conversely, butter oil did not significantly affect the expression of Ucp1, irrespective of the cell phase of HB2 cells, ie, treatment during brown adipogenesis or of brown adipocytes. The results of the present study indicate that buttermilk is a regulator of brown adipogenesis and suggest its usefulness as a potential food material for antiobesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Asano
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kida
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Muto
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Y Nara
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsui
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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109
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Jukkola A, Partanen R, Rojas O, Heino A. Separation of milk fat globules via microfiltration: Effect of diafiltration media and opportunities for stream valorization. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8644-8654. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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110
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Claumarchirant L, Cilla A, Matencio E, Sanchez-Siles LM, Castro-Gomez P, Fontecha J, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Addition of milk fat globule membrane as an ingredient of infant formulas for resembling the polar lipids of human milk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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111
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Holzmüller W, Kulozik U. Technical difficulties and future challenges in isolating membrane material from milk fat globules in industrial settings – A critical review. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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112
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Yang Y, Zheng N, Wang W, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Han R, Ma L, Zhao S, Li S, Guo T, Zang C, Wang J. N-glycosylation proteomic characterization and cross-species comparison of milk fat globule membrane proteins from mammals. Proteomics 2016; 16:2792-2800. [PMID: 27539975 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins has been implicated in various biological functions and has received much attention; however, glycoprotein components and inter-species complexity have not yet been elucidated fully in milk proteins. N-linked glycosylation sites and glycoproteins in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fractions were investigated by combining N-glycosylated peptides enrichment and high-accuracy Q Exactive identification, to map the N-glycoproteome profiles in Holstein and Jersey cows, buffaloes, yaks, goats, camels, horses, and humans. A total of 399 N-glycoproteins with 677 glycosylation sites were identified in the MFGM fractions of the studied mammals. Most glycosylation sites in humans were classified as known and those in the other studied mammals as unknown, according to Swiss-Prot annotations. Functionally, most of the identified glycoproteins were associated with the 'response to stimulus' GO category. N-glycosylated protein components of MFGM fractions from Holstein and Jersey cows, buffaloes, yaks, and goats were more similar to each other compared with those of camels, horses and human. The findings increased the number of known N-glycosylation sites in the milk from dairy animal species, revealed the complexity of the MFGM glycoproteome, and provided useful information to further explore the mechanism of MFGM glycoproteins biosynthesis among the studied mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- The High School affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongwei Han
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songli Li
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiang Zang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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113
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Bourlieu C, Paboeuf G, Chever S, Pezennec S, Cavalier JF, Guyomarc’h F, Deglaire A, Bouhallab S, Dupont D, Carrière F, Vié V. Adsorption of gastric lipase onto multicomponent model lipid monolayers with phase separation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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114
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Castro-Gómez P, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Monteiro KM, Ruiz ALTG, Carvalho JE, Fontecha J. Antiproliferative activity of buttermilk lipid fractions isolated using food grade and non-food grade solvents on human cancer cell lines. Food Chem 2016; 212:695-702. [PMID: 27374586 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Buttermilk is a dairy by-product with a high content of milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs), whose protein constituents are reported to be antiproliferative. Lipids represent about half of the composition of MFGM. The aim of this study was to isolate buttermilk lipid fractions and evaluate their potential antiproliferative effect. Selective extraction with food grade or non-food grade solvents was performed. Antiproliferative effectiveness of lipid extracts and their neutral and polar fractions was evaluated on nine human cancer cell lines. Fractions obtained using food grade ethanol gave a higher yield than those obtained using non-food grade solvents, and they effectively inhibited cell viability of the cancer cell lines investigated. These fractions, rich in phospho- and sphingolipids, were strongly antiproliferative against human ovary and colon cancer cells. This observation allowed us to hypothesize further analyses aimed at promoting the use of buttermilk polar lipid fractions as functional food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Castro-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Group of Food lipid biomarkers and health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Group of Food lipid biomarkers and health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karin M Monteiro
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Rua Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil
| | - Ana L T G Ruiz
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Rua Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil
| | - João E Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, CPQBA, University of Campinas, Rua Alexandre Cazelatto, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP 13148-218, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas State University, Rua Sergio Buarque de Hollanda, 13083-259 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL; CSIC-UAM), Group of Food lipid biomarkers and health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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115
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Milk fat globule membrane coating of large lipid droplets in the diet of young mice prevents body fat accumulation in adulthood. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1930-7. [PMID: 27040581 PMCID: PMC4863696 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated protective effects of breast-feeding on
childhood obesity. Differences between human milk and infant milk formula (IMF) in dietary
lipid structure may contribute to this effect. In our mouse model, feeding a diet
containing large lipid droplets coated with phospholipids (PL) (Nuturis®; PL of
milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction origin) in early life protected against
excessive body fat accumulation following a diet challenge in adult life. We now set out
to determine the relevance of increased droplet size and/or MFGM lipid droplet coating to
the observed anti-obesogenic effects in adult life. From day 16 to 42, male mouse pups
were exposed to diets with small (S) or large (L) lipid droplets (0·3 v.
2·9 µm average mode diameter, respectively), either without MFGM or with MFGM coating
around the lipid droplet, resulting in four groups: S (control diet), L,
Scoating and Lcoating (Nuturis® IMF diet). Mice were
subsequently challenged with a Western-style diet until dissection at postnatal day 98. A
non-challenged group served as reference (REF). We repeatedly determined body composition
between postnatal day 42 and 98. At day 98 plasma and gene expression measurements were
performed. Only the Nuturis® IMF diet (Lcoating) in early life
containing MFGM-coated large lipid droplets reduced body fat mass to a level comparable
with the REF group. These data support the notion that the structural aspects of lipids in
human milk, for example, both lipid droplet size as well as the MFGM coating, may
contribute to its reported protective effect against obesity in later life.
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116
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Ten Bruggencate SJ, Frederiksen PD, Pedersen SM, Floris-Vollenbroek EG, Lucas-van de Bos E, van Hoffen E, Wejse PL. Dietary Milk-Fat-Globule Membrane Affects Resistance to Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Healthy Adults in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study. J Nutr 2016; 146:249-55. [PMID: 26701793 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.214098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The milk-fat-globule membrane (MFGM) contains phospholipids and membrane glycoproteins that have been shown to affect pathogen colonization and gut barrier integrity. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we determined whether commercial heat-treated MFGM can increase resistance to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. METHODS A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 4-wk parallel-intervention study was conducted in healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to a milk protein concentrate rich in MFGM [10 g Lacprodan PL-20 (Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S), twice daily; n = 30; MFGM group) or a control [10 g Miprodan 30 (sodium caseinate), twice daily; n = 28]. After 2 wk, participants were orally challenged with live, attenuated diarrheagenic E. coli (10(10) colony-forming units). Primary outcomes were infection-induced diarrhea and fecal diarrheagenic E. coli excretion. Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal symptoms [Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)], stool frequency, and stool consistency (Bristol Stool Scale). RESULTS Diarrheagenic E. coli resulted in increased fecal output, lower relative fecal dry weight, increased fecal E. coli numbers, and an increase in stool frequency and gastrointestinal complaints at day 1 after challenge. MFGM significantly decreased the E. coli-induced changes in reported stool frequency (1.1 ± 0.1 stools/d in the MFGM group; 1.6 ± 0.2 stools/d in the control group; P = 0.04) and gastrointestinal complaints at day 2 (1.1 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 0.6 GSRS scores in the MFGM and control groups, respectively; P = 0.05). MFGM did not affect fecal wet weight and E. coli excretion at day 2 after challenge. CONCLUSIONS The attenuated diarrheagenic E. coli strain transiently induced mild symptoms of a food-borne infection, with complete recovery of reported clinical symptoms within 2 d. The present diarrheagenic E. coli challenge trial conducted in healthy adults indicates that a milk concentrate rich in natural, bioactive phospho- and sphingolipids from the MFGM may improve in vivo resistance to diarrheagenic E. coli. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01800396.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon M Pedersen
- Arla Strategic Innovation Center, Arla Foods amba, Brabrand, Denmark
| | | | | | - Els van Hoffen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, NIZO Food Research, Ede, Netherlands
| | - Peter L Wejse
- Arla Strategic Innovation Center, Arla Foods amba, Brabrand, Denmark
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117
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Yao Y, Zhao G, Yan Y, Chen C, Sun C, Zou X, Jin Q, Wang X. Effects of freeze drying and spray drying on the microstructure and composition of milk fat globules. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22323g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze drying and spray drying are conventional methods for converting milk into powder in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Guozhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Cong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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118
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Gassi JY, Blot M, Beaucher E, Robert B, Leconte N, Camier B, Rousseau F, Bourlieu C, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Lambert S, Gésan-Guiziou G, Lopez C, Gaucheron F. Preparation and characterisation of a milk polar lipids enriched ingredient from fresh industrial liquid butter serum: Combination of physico-chemical modifications and technological treatments. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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119
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Castro-Gómez P, Garcia-Serrano A, Visioli F, Fontecha J. Relevance of dietary glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids to human health. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 101:41-51. [PMID: 26242691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids participate in a variety of indispensable metabolic, neurological, and intracellular signaling processes. In this didactic paper we review the biological roles of phospholipids and try to unravel the precise nature of their putative healthful activities. We conclude that the biological actions of phospholipids activities potentially be nutraceutically exploited in the adjunct therapy of widely diffused pathologies such as neurodegeneration or the metabolic syndrome. As phospholipids can be recovered from inexpensive sources such as food processing by-products, ad-hoc investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castro-Gómez
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Serrano
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - F Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Group of Lipids, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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120
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Composition and microstructure of colostrum and mature bovine milk fat globule membrane. Food Chem 2015; 185:362-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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121
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Rosqvist F, Smedman A, Lindmark-Månsson H, Paulsson M, Petrus P, Straniero S, Rudling M, Dahlman I, Risérus U. Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:20-30. [PMID: 26016870 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butter is rich in saturated fat [saturated fatty acids (SFAs)] and can increase plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, compared with other dairy foods, butter is low in milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) content, which encloses the fat. We hypothesized that different dairy foods may have distinct effects on plasma lipids because of a varying content of MFGM. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether the effects of milk fat on plasma lipids and cardiometabolic risk markers are modulated by the MFGM content. DESIGN The study was an 8-wk, single-blind, randomized, controlled isocaloric trial with 2 parallel groups including overweight men and women (n = 57 randomly assigned). For the intervention, subjects consumed 40 g milk fat/d as either whipping cream (MFGM diet) or butter oil (control diet). Intervention foods were matched for total fat, protein, carbohydrates, and calcium. Subjects were discouraged from consuming any other dairy products during the study. Plasma markers of cholesterol absorption and hepatic cholesterol metabolism were assessed together with global gene-expression analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS As expected, the control diet increased plasma lipids, whereas the MFGM diet did not [total cholesterol (±SD): +0.30 ± 0.49 compared with -0.04 ± 0.49 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.024); LDL cholesterol: +0.36 ± 0.50 compared with +0.04 ± 0.36 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.024); apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A-I ratio: +0.03 ± 0.09 compared with -0.05 ± 0.10 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.007); and non-HDL cholesterol: +0.24 ± 0.49 compared with -0.14 ± 0.51 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.013)]. HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, sitosterol, lathosterol, campesterol, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 plasma concentrations and fatty acid compositions did not differ between groups. Nineteen genes were differentially regulated between groups, and these genes were mostly correlated with lipid changes. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to milk fat without MFGM, milk fat enclosed by MFGM does not impair the lipoprotein profile. The mechanism is not clear although suppressed gene expression by MFGM correlated inversely with plasma lipids. The food matrix should be considered when evaluating cardiovascular aspects of different dairy foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01767077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rosqvist
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Smedman
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Dairy Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Lindmark-Månsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Dairy Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Paulsson
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Mats Rudling
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
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Altenhofer C, Holzmüller W, Wolfertstetter F, Wolfschoon Ribeiro D, Kulozik U, Pfaffl MW, Viturro E. Temporal variation of milk fat globule diameter, fat and cholesterol content and milk epithelial cell gene expression in dairy cows. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Altenhofer
- Physiology Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Wolfgang Holzmüller
- Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; 85354 Freising Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Enrique Viturro
- Physiology Weihenstephan; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; 85354 Freising Germany
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123
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Determination of bioactive compounds in cream obtained as a by-product during cheese-making: Influence of cows' diet on lipid quality. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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124
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Yang Y, Zheng N, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Han R, Ma L, Zhao S, Li S, Guo T, Wang J. Proteomic characterization and comparison of mammalian milk fat globule proteomes by iTRAQ analysis. J Proteomics 2015; 116:34-43. [PMID: 25576853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are known to be involved in many biological functions; however, their components and inter-species complexity have not yet been completely elucidated. We investigated the protein composition of the MFGM-enriched fraction from Holstein, Jersey, yak, buffalo, goat, camel, horse, and human. Extracted proteins from the MFGM-enriched fractions were identified and quantified by an iTRAQ proteomic approach. We identified 520 protein species categorized as biological processes, cellular components and molecular function according to their annotation. Cellular process, localization, transport, signal transduction, and response to stimulus were the most common biological processes; binding and catalytic activities were the most prevalent molecular functions. Pathway analysis revealed several pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Quantified MFGM-enriched proteins were subjected to discriminative proteomic profiling by principal component analysis and a hierarchical clustering method, and then organized into four major clusters: (1) Holstein, Jersey, and yak milk; (2) buffalo and goat milk; (3) Holstein, Jersey, buffalo, yak, and goat milk; and (4) camel, horse, and human milk. These novel quantitative data provide insight into the protein composition of the MFGM and their potential physiological functions, and highlight the significant differences in the MFGM fractions among mammalian species. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins have exhibited a relatively larger diversity than other milk fractions, and implicated health beneficial effects. Proteomic analysis of MFGM protein was mainly focused on human, bovine and goat in previous studies. Recently, there is an increasing demand for natural milk from minor dairy animals. Differences in protein components were not yet elucidated that required the integration of this information across multiple species. Thus, iTRAQ analysis of the proteins in MFGM fractions from Holstein, Jersey, yak, buffalo, goat, camel, horse, and human was performed in this study. A total of 520 proteins were identified and quantified in the MFGM fractions. The results were contributed to a comprehensive overview and discriminative profiling of the MFGM proteome across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongwei Han
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songli Li
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture-Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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125
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Yao Y, Zhao G, Zou X, Huang L, Wang X. Microstructural and lipid composition changes in milk fat globules during milk powder manufacture. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of milk powder processing conditions (pasteurisation, homogenisation and spray-drying) on the microstructure and composition of fat globules in cow milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Guozhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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126
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Nguyen HT, Ong L, Beaucher E, Madec MN, Kentish SE, Gras SL, Lopez C. Buffalo milk fat globules and their biological membrane: in situ structural investigations. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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127
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Comprehensive polar lipid identification and quantification in milk by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 978-979:95-102. [PMID: 25531876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polar lipids (PLs) are a significant functional component of milk that are difficult to quantitate. A simple method for comprehensive identification and quantitative analysis of all essential PL species using bovine milk is described. The lipid fraction was extracted by a mix of chloroform and methanol and the extract was directly used for PL identification and quantification. PLs were separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and detected by an Orbitrap mass analyser in positive mode. The structure of PLs was established or confirmed by tandem MS in both positive and negative modes. The method is sensitive (with a LOD for all PL classes ≤0.1 ng) and reproducible, enabling simultaneous quantification of 70 PL species within a run of 45 min. Application of this method to the quantification of PLs in 32 bovine milk samples revealed the relative abundance of different PL classes, significant variation of PL content between individual samples and the correlation between the major PL classes. The method provides a tool for investigating the variation and metabolism of important PL components in bovine and human milk and in diverse mammalian species.
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128
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Billeaud C, Puccio G, Saliba E, Guillois B, Vaysse C, Pecquet S, Steenhout P. Safety and tolerance evaluation of milk fat globule membrane-enriched infant formulas: a randomized controlled multicenter non-inferiority trial in healthy term infants. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-PEDIATRICS 2014; 8:51-60. [PMID: 25452707 PMCID: PMC4219856 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s16962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This multicenter non-inferiority study evaluated the safety of infant formulas enriched with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fractions. METHODS Healthy, full-term infants (n = 119) age ≤14 days were randomized to standard infant formula (control), standard formula enriched with a lipid-rich MFGM fraction (MFGM-L), or standard formula enriched with a protein-rich MFGM fraction (MFGM-P). Primary outcome was mean weight gain per day from enrollment to age 4 months (non-inferiority margin: -3.0 g/day). Secondary (length, head circumference, tolerability, morbidity, adverse events) and exploratory (phospholipids, metabolic markers, immune markers) outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS Weight gain was non-inferior in the MFGM-L and MFGM-P groups compared with the control group. Among secondary and exploratory outcomes, few between-group differences were observed. Formula tolerance rates were high (>94%) in all groups. Adverse event and morbidity rates were similar across groups except for a higher rate of eczema in the MFGM-P group (13.9% vs control [3.5%], MFGM-L [1.4%]). CONCLUSION Both MFGM-enriched formulas met the primary safety endpoint of non-inferiority in weight gain and were generally well tolerated, although a higher rate of eczema was observed in the MFGM-P group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Billeaud
- Nutrition and Neonatologie, CIC 005 Peditrique INSERM, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Puccio
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elie Saliba
- Hôpital Clocheville, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Pecquet
- Nestlé Clinical Development Unit, Nestec Ltd, Vevey, Switzerland
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129
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Association of lipids with milk α- and β-caseins. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:156-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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130
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Kathriarachchi K, Leus M, Everett DW. Oxidation of aldehydes by xanthine oxidase located on the surface of emulsions and washed milk fat globules. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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131
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A novel highly divergent protein family identified from a viviparous insect by RNA-seq analysis: a potential target for tsetse fly-specific abortifacients. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1003874. [PMID: 24763277 PMCID: PMC3998918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In tsetse flies, nutrients for intrauterine larval development are synthesized by the modified accessory gland (milk gland) and provided in mother's milk during lactation. Interference with at least two milk proteins has been shown to extend larval development and reduce fecundity. The goal of this study was to perform a comprehensive characterization of tsetse milk proteins using lactation-specific transcriptome/milk proteome analyses and to define functional role(s) for the milk proteins during lactation. Differential analysis of RNA-seq data from lactating and dry (non-lactating) females revealed enrichment of transcripts coding for protein synthesis machinery, lipid metabolism and secretory proteins during lactation. Among the genes induced during lactation were those encoding the previously identified milk proteins (milk gland proteins 1-3, transferrin and acid sphingomyelinase 1) and seven new genes (mgp4-10). The genes encoding mgp2-10 are organized on a 40 kb syntenic block in the tsetse genome, have similar exon-intron arrangements, and share regions of amino acid sequence similarity. Expression of mgp2-10 is female-specific and high during milk secretion. While knockdown of a single mgp failed to reduce fecundity, simultaneous knockdown of multiple variants reduced milk protein levels and lowered fecundity. The genomic localization, gene structure similarities, and functional redundancy of MGP2-10 suggest that they constitute a novel highly divergent protein family. Our data indicates that MGP2-10 function both as the primary amino acid resource for the developing larva and in the maintenance of milk homeostasis, similar to the function of the mammalian casein family of milk proteins. This study underscores the dynamic nature of the lactation cycle and identifies a novel family of lactation-specific proteins, unique to Glossina sp., that are essential to larval development. The specificity of MGP2-10 to tsetse and their critical role during lactation suggests that these proteins may be an excellent target for tsetse-specific population control approaches.
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Zheng H, Jiménez-Flores R, Gragson D, Everett DW. Phospholipid Architecture of the Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane Using Giant Unilamellar Vesicles as a Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3236-3243. [PMID: 24641452 DOI: 10.1021/jf500093p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were constructed using an electroformation technique to mimic the morphology of the native milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) for the purpose of structural investigation. Bovine milk derived phospholipids were selected to manufacture GUVs which were characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescent staining. Circular nonfluorescent dark regions were observed in a 3/7 (mol/mol) surface mixture of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine. Linear shaped dark lipid domains were found in GUVs containing sphingomyelin (SM) in the absence of cholesterol. The dark regions were interpreted as a gel phase formed by a high gel-liquid phase transition temperature (Tm) of DPPC and SM. This study provides a strategy for investigating the lipid structural organization within the native MFGM using a model lipid bilayer system and reveals that a SM and cholesterol association network is not the only requirement for nonfluorescent lipid domain formation and that PE is preferably located in the inner leaflet of the phospholipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zheng
- Riddet Institute , Palmerston North, 4442 Manawatu, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago , Dunedin, 9054 Otago, New Zealand
- Dairy Products Technology Center, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, 93407 California, United States
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Dairy Products Technology Center, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, 93407 California, United States
| | - Derek Gragson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, 93407 California, United States
| | - David W Everett
- Riddet Institute , Palmerston North, 4442 Manawatu, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago , Dunedin, 9054 Otago, New Zealand
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133
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Lopez C, Briard-Bion V, Ménard O. Polar lipids, sphingomyelin and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids from the milk fat globule membrane are increased in milks produced by cows fed fresh pasture based diet during spring. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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134
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Le TT, Van Camp J, Dewettinck K. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Material. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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135
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Luo J, Wang ZW, Wang F, Zhang H, Lu J, Guo HY, Ren FZ. Cryo-SEM images of native milk fat globule indicate small casein micelles are constituents of the membrane. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic representation of the native milk fat globule membrane: casein micelles and whey proteins on the surface of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zi Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fa Zheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100083, China
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136
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Doosh KS, Alhusyne LA, N. Almosaw B. Utilization of Concentrated Buttermilk in Functional Processed Cheese Manufacturing
and Studying Some of its Physicochemical Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2014.33.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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137
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Verardo V, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Gori A, Losi G, Caboni MF. Bioactive lipids in the butter production chain from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese area. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3625-3633. [PMID: 23553460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk contains hundreds of diverse components, including proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, lactose, vitamins and minerals. Specifically, the lipid composition is influenced by different variables such as breed, feed and technological process. In this study the fatty acid and phospholipid compositions of different samples of butter and its by-products from the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese area, produced by industrial and traditional churning processes, were determined. RESULTS The fatty acid composition of samples manufactured by the traditional method showed higher levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with industrial samples. In particular, the contents of n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids were higher in samples produced by the traditional method than in samples produced industrially. Sample phospholipid composition also varied between the two technological processes. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major phospholipid in cream, butter and buttermilk samples obtained by the industrial process as well as in cream and buttermilk samples from the traditional process, while phosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid in traditionally produced butter. This result may be explained by the different churning processes causing different types of membrane disruption. Generally, samples produced traditionally had higher contents of total phospholipids; in particular, butter produced by the traditional method had a total phospholipid content 33% higher than that of industrially produced butter. CONCLUSION The samples studied represent the two types of products present in the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese area, where the industrial churning process is widespread compared with the traditional processing of Reggiana cow's milk. This is because Reggiana cow's milk production is lower than that of other breeds and the traditional churning process is time-consuming and economically disadvantageous. However, its products have been demonstrated to contain more bioactive lipids compared with products obtained from other breeds and by the industrial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Verardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, I-47521, Cesena (FC), Italy; Inter-departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agroalimentare), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, I-47521, Cesena (FC), Italy
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138
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Craige Trenerry V, Akbaridoust G, Plozza T, Rochfort S, Wales WJ, Auldist M, Ajlouni S. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry characterisation of milk polar lipids from dairy cows fed different diets. Food Chem 2013; 141:1451-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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139
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Le TT, Debyser G, Gilbert W, Struijs K, Van Camp J, Van de Wiele T, Devreese B, Dewettinck K. Distribution and isolation of milk fat globule membrane proteins during dairy processing as revealed by proteomic analysis. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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140
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Zheng H, Jiménez-Flores R, Everett DW. Bovine milk fat globule membrane proteins are affected by centrifugal washing processes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8403-8411. [PMID: 23931678 DOI: 10.1021/jf402591f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of washing on the release of proteins from the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) was examined by applying washing procedures with different degrees of stringency to milk fat globule (MFG) surfaces in simulated milk ultrafiltrate buffer solution. Three washing methods, M1 (3000g, 5 min, three washes), M2 (3750g, 15 min, one wash), and M3 (15000g, 20 min, three washes) were chosen. MFG ζ-potential increased after M3 washing (P < 0.05), suggesting surface damage. For M1, in which the native MFG surface was least damaged, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD 36) and periodic acid schiff 6/7 proteins were more strongly bound to the MFGM compared with other major membrane proteins. For M3, CD 36 together with fatty acid-binding protein was more strongly bound to the MFGM. Washing by centrifugation and redispersal of the fat globules damaged the MFGM, with release into the aqueous phase of some membrane-associated proteins. The current results show the impact of washing processes on retention of functional MFGM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zheng
- Riddet Institute and Department of Food Science, University of Otago , Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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141
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Ontsouka EC, Huang X, Stieger B, Albrecht C. Characteristics and functional relevance of apolipoprotein-A1 and cholesterol binding in mammary gland tissues and epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70407. [PMID: 23936200 PMCID: PMC3729845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol in milk is derived from the circulating blood through a complex transport process involving the mammary alveolar epithelium. Details of the mechanisms involved in this transfer are unclear. Apolipoprotein-AI (apoA-I) is an acceptor of cellular cholesterol effluxed by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 (ABCA1). We aimed to 1) determine the binding characteristics of (125)I-apoA-I and (3)H-cholesterol to enriched plasma membrane vesicles (EPM) isolated from lactating and non-lactating bovine mammary glands (MG), 2) optimize the components of an in vitro model describing cellular (3)H-cholesterol efflux in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (MeBo), and 3) assess the vectorial cholesterol transport in MeBo using Transwell(®) plates. The amounts of isolated EPM and the maximal binding capacity of (125)I-apoA-I to EPM differed depending on the MG's physiological state, while the kinetics of (3)H-cholesterol and (125)I-apoA-I binding were similar. (3)H-cholesterol incorporated maximally to EPM after 25±9 min. The time to achieve the half-maximum binding of (125)I-apoA-I at equilibrium was 3.3±0.6 min. The dissociation constant (KD) of (125)I-apoA-I ranged between 40-74 nmol/L. Cholesterol loading to EPM increased both cholesterol content and (125)I-apoA-I binding. The ABCA1 inhibitor Probucol displaced (125)I-apoA-I binding to EPM and reduced (3)H-cholesterol efflux in MeBo. Time-dependent (3)H-cholesterol uptake and efflux showed inverse patterns. The defined binding characteristics of cholesterol and apoA-I served to establish an efficient and significantly shorter cholesterol efflux protocol that had been used in MeBo. The application of this protocol in Transwell(®) plates with the upper chamber mimicking the apical (milk-facing) and the bottom chamber corresponding to the basolateral (blood-facing) side of cells showed that the degree of (3)H-cholesterol efflux in MeBo differed significantly between the apical and basolateral aspects. Our findings support the importance of the apoA-I/ABCA1 pathway in MG cholesterol transport and suggest its role in influencing milk composition and directing cholesterol back into the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Corneille Ontsouka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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142
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Kramer R, Wolf S, Petri T, von Soosten D, Dänicke S, Weber EM, Zimmer R, Rehage J, Jahreis G. A commonly used rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid supplement marginally affects fatty acid distribution of body tissues and gene expression of mammary gland in heifers during early lactation. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:96. [PMID: 23827056 PMCID: PMC3706325 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in general, and in particular the trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12-CLA) isomer are potent modulators of milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Studies in rodents, such as mice, have revealed that t10,c12-CLA is responsible for hepatic lipodystrophy and decreased adipose tissue with subsequent changes in the fatty acid distribution. The present study aimed to investigate the fatty acid distribution of lipids in several body tissues compared to their distribution in milk fat in early lactating cows in response to CLA treatment. Effects in mammary gland are further analyzed at gene expression level. Methods Twenty-five Holstein heifers were fed a diet supplemented with (CLA groups) or without (CON groups) a rumen-protected CLA supplement that provided 6 g/d of c9,t11- and t10,c12-CLA. Five groups of randomly assigned cows were analyzed according to experimental design based on feeding and time of slaughter. Cows in the first group received no CLA supplement and were slaughtered one day postpartum (CON0). Milk samples were taken from the remaining cows in CON and CLA groups until slaughter at 42 (period 1) and 105 (period 2) days in milk (DIM). Immediately after slaughter, tissue samples from liver, retroperitoneal fat, mammary gland and M. longissimus (13th rib) were obtained and analyzed for fatty acid distribution. Relevant genes involved in lipid metabolism of the mammary gland were analyzed using a custom-made microarray platform. Results Both supplemented CLA isomers increased significantly in milk fat. Furthermore, preformed fatty acids increased at the expense of de novo-synthesized fatty acids. Total and single trans-octadecenoic acids (e.g., t10-18:1 and t11-18:1) also significantly increased. Fatty acid distribution of the mammary gland showed similar changes to those in milk fat, due mainly to residual milk but without affecting gene expression. Liver fatty acids were not altered except for trans-octadecenoic acids, which were increased. Adipose tissue and M. longissimus were only marginally affected by CLA supplementation. Conclusions Daily supplementation with CLA led to typical alterations usually observed in milk fat depression (reduction of de novo-synthesized fatty acids) but only marginally affected tissue lipids. Gene expression of the mammary gland was not influenced by CLA supplementation.
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143
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Martini M, Salari F, Altomonte I. The Macrostructure of Milk Lipids: The Fat Globules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 56:1209-21. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.758626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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144
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Dugo P, Fawzy N, Cichello F, Cacciola F, Donato P, Mondello L. Stop-flow comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometric detection for phospholipid analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1278:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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145
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Fong B, Ma L, Norris C. Analysis of phospholipids in infant formulas using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:858-865. [PMID: 23297796 DOI: 10.1021/jf304877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids have been used widely in the food industry as emulsifiers, but it is their biological and nutritional function that has been the focus over recent years. The recognition of the importance of phospholipids and sphingomyelin for infant development has led to an increase in the number of infant formulas claiming to contain these complex lipid components. Therefore, the ability to measure these lipids in infant formulas and dairy-derived complex lipid ingredients for fortification purposes is important. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method that quantifies phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin found in infant formulas and dairy-derived complex lipid ingredients is described. The method uses external standards of similar fatty acid profile for calibration. The recovery of phospholipids ranged from 92% to 102% with a method repeatability coefficient of variation of 6-10%. In addition to the specificity and selectivity of the method, details of the molecular species in the individual phospholipid classes are available using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Fong
- Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North 4412, New Zealand.
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146
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Phospholipids in milk fat: composition, biological and technological significance, and analytical strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2808-31. [PMID: 23434649 PMCID: PMC3588016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are quantitatively the most important phospholipids (PLs) in milk. They are located on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and in other membranous material of the skim milk phase. They include principally phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine, while sphingomyelin is the dominant species of sphingolipids There is considerable evidence that PLs have beneficial health effects, such as regulation of the inflammatory reactions, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity on some types of cancer, and inhibition of the cholesterol absorption. PLs show good emulsifying properties and can be used as a delivery system for liposoluble constituents. Due to the amphiphilic characteristics of these molecules, their extraction, separation and detection are critical points in the analytical approach. The extraction by using chloroform and methanol, followed by the determination by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with evaporative light scattering (ELSD) or mass detector (MS), are the most applied procedures for the PL evaluation. More recently, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) was also used, but despite it demonstrating high sensitivity, it requires more studies to obtain accurate results. This review is focused on milk fat phospholipids; their composition, biological activity, technological properties, and significance in the structure of milk fat. Different analytical methodologies are also discussed.
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147
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Martini M, Altomonte I, Salari F. Evaluation of the fatty acid profile from the core and membrane of fat globules in ewe's milk during lactation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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148
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Nissen A, Bendixen E, Ingvartsen KL, Røntved CM. In-depth analysis of low abundant proteins in bovine colostrum using different fractionation techniques. Proteomics 2012; 12:2866-78. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asger Nissen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Tåstrup Denmark
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Science and Technology; Aarhus University; Tjele Denmark
| | - Emøke Bendixen
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Science and Technology; Aarhus University; Tjele Denmark
| | - Klaus Lønne Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Science and Technology; Aarhus University; Tjele Denmark
| | - Christine Maria Røntved
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Science and Technology; Aarhus University; Tjele Denmark
- CMR On-Site RD; Aalborg Øst Denmark
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149
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Le TT, Van de Wiele T, Do TNH, Debyser G, Struijs K, Devreese B, Dewettinck K, Van Camp J. Stability of milk fat globule membrane proteins toward human enzymatic gastrointestinal digestion. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2307-18. [PMID: 22541459 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction refers to the thin film of polar lipids and membrane proteins that surrounds fat globules in milk. It is its unique biochemical composition that renders MFGM with some beneficial biological activities, such as anti-adhesive effects toward pathogens. However, a prerequisite for the putative bioactivity of MFGM is its stability during gastrointestinal digestion. We, therefore, subjected MFGM material, isolated from raw milk, to an in vitro enzymatic gastrointestinal digestion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE, in combination with 2 staining methods, Coomassie Blue and periodic acid Schiff staining, was used to evaluate polypeptide patterns of the digest, whereas mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of specific MFGM proteins. Generally, it was observed that glycoproteins showed higher resistance to endogenous proteases compared with non-glycosylated proteins. Mucin 1 displayed the highest resistance to digestion and a considerable part of this protein was still detected at its original molecular weight after gastric and small intestine digestion. Cluster of differentiation 36 was also quite resistant to pepsin. A significant part of periodic acid Schiff 6/7 survived the gastric digestion, provided that the lipid moiety was not removed from the MFGM material. Overall, MFGM glycoproteins are generally more resistant to gastrointestinal digestion than serum milk proteins and the presence of lipids, besides glycosylation, may protect MFGM glycoproteins from gastrointestinal digestion. This gastrointestinal stability makes MFGM glycoproteins amenable to further studies in which their putative health-promoting effects can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Le
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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150
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Relationship between the nutritional value of fatty acid profile and the morphometric characteristics of milk fat globules in ewe's milk. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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