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Singh B, Sharma RA. Indian Morinda species: A review. Phytother Res 2019; 34:924-1007. [PMID: 31840355 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Morinda is a largest genus of Rubiaceae family, and its 11 species are found in India. In India, plant species are known by several common names as great morinda, Indian mulberry, noni, beach mulberry and cheese fruit. Various Morinda products (capsules, tablets, skin products and fruit juices) are available in the market, used by people for treatment of several health complaints. A diversity of phytochemicals including iridoids, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, anthraquinones, coumarins, lignanas, noniosides, phenolics and triterpenoids have been reported from Morinda species. Morinda species are used in the treatment of inflammation, cancer, diabetes, psyquiatric disorders, and bacterial and viral infections. The noni fruit juice (Morinda citrifolia) and its products are used clinically in the treatment of cancer, hypertension and cervical spondylosis affecting patients. M. citrifolia fuit juice, with different doses, is used in the maintaining blood pressure and reducing of superoxides, HDL and LDL levels. Similarly, oligosaccharide capsules and tablets of root extract of M. officinalis are recommended as medicine for the treatment of kidney problems and sexual dysfunctions of patients. The toxicological studies revealed that higher doses of fruit juice (4,000 or 5,000 mg/kg) of M. citrifolia for 2 or more months cause toxic effects on liver and kidneys. M. officinalis root extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) are found fully safe during treatment of diseases. A large number of reviews are available on M. citrifolia but very few studies are conducted on other Indian Morinda species. This review reports the comprehensive knowledge on state-wise distribution, botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, clinical applications and toxicological evaluations of 11 species of Morinda found in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Ram A Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Zhu B, Qi F, Wu J, Yin G, Hua J, Zhang Q, Qin L. Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1449. [PMID: 31849687 PMCID: PMC6901015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Red yeast rice (RYR), a Chinese traditional folk medicine produced by the fermentation of cooked rice kernels with a Monascaceae mold, Monascus purpureus, has long been used to treat blood circulation stasis, indigestion, diarrhea, and limb weakness in East Asian countries. This article provides a systematic review of the traditional uses, chemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of RYR to highlight its future prospects in the field of medicine. The literature reviewed for this article was obtained from the Web of Science, Elsevier, SciFinder, PubMed, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, published prior to July 2019. More than 101 chemical constituents have been isolated from RYR, mainly consisting of monacolins, pigments, organic acids, sterols, decalin derivatives, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and other compounds. Crude extracts of RYR, as well as its isolated compounds, possess broad pharmacological properties with hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cancer, neurocytoprotective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-fatigue, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive activities. However, further studies are needed to characterize its diverse chemical constituents and the toxicological actions of the main bioactive compounds. New pharmacological trials addressing the overlooked traditional uses of RYR, such as in the treatment of indigestion and diarrhea, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Twin-Horse Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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The chemical character of polysaccharides from processed Morindae officinalis and their effects on anti-liver damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:410-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yang X, Hu G, Lv L, Liu T, Qi L, Huang G, You D, Zhao J. Regulation of P-glycoprotein by Bajijiasu in vitro and in vivo by activating the Nrf2-mediated signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:184-192. [PMID: 30929555 PMCID: PMC6450468 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1582679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bajijiasu (BJJS), a main bioactive compound from Morinda officinalis F.C. How. (Rubiaceae), is widely administered concomitantly with other drugs for treating male impotence, female infertility, fatigue, chronic rheumatism, depression, etc. Objective: This study investigates the regulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) by BJJS in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS HepG2 cells were incubated with BJJS (10, 20 or 40 μM) for 48 h. C57 mice were orally treated with BJJS (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The protein and mRNA levels of P-gp were measured by using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. siNrf2 RNA was used to explore the mediation effects of Nrf2 on the P-gp expression. The efflux activity of P-gp was tested via a flow cytometry. RESULTS Incubation of HepG2 cells with BJJS at 10, 20, and 40 μM up-regulated the P-gp protein expression by 12.3%, 82.9%, and 134.3%, respectively. Treatment of C57 mice with BJJS at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg increased the P-gp protein expression by 49.3%, 75.8% and 106.0%, respectively. Incubation of the cells with BJJS at 10, 20 and 40 μM up-regulated the total Nrf2 protein levels by 34.3%, 93.1% and 118.6%, respectively, and also increased the nuclear Nrf2 protein levels by 14.8%, 44.4% and 59.25%, respectively. The total Nrf2 protein levels were increased by 46.3%, 66.5%, and 87.4%, respectively, in the mice exposed to BJJS at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Inhibition of Nrf2 by siRNA diminished the P-gp induction by 25.0%, 33.4%, and 38.7%, respectively, in the cells. In addition, BJJS enhanced the efflux activity of P-gp by 9.6%, 37.1%, and 48.1%, respectively, in the cells. CONCLUSIONS BJJS activates Nrf2 to induce P-gp expression, and enhanced the efflux activity of P-gp. The possibility of potential herb-drug interactions when BJJS is co-administered with other P-gp substrate drugs should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Xin Yang Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou510700, China
| | - Guoyan Hu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longkai Qi
- Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhan Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongqing You
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; The Fifth Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Jun Zhao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Peng A, Gao Y, Zhuang X, Lin Y, He W, Wang Y, Chen W, Chen T, Huang X, Yang R, Huang Y, Xi S, Zhang X. Bazhu Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1391. [PMID: 31827437 PMCID: PMC6890723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. There are currently no effective treatments for AD. Bazhu decoction (BZD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been employed clinically to alleviate AD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here we found that middle- and high-doses of BZD ameliorated the behavioral aspects of 5xFAD transgenic mice in elevated plus maze, Y maze and Morris water maze tests. Moreover, BZD reduced the protein levels of BACE1 and PS1, resulting in a reduction of Aβ plaques. We also identified a beneficial effect of BZD on oxidative stress by attenuating MDA levels and SOD activity in the brains of 5xFAD mice. Together, these results indicate that BZD produces a dose-dependent positive effect on 5xFAD transgenic mouse model by decreasing APP processing and Aβ plaques, and by ameliorating oxidative damage. BZD may play a protective role in the cognitive and anxiety impairments and may be a complementary therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axiang Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuehong Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaoqi Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wencan He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yannan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenfan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Renzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanpeng Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Karna KK, Choi BR, You JH, Shin YS, Cui WS, Lee SW, Kim JH, Kim CY, Kim HK, Park JK. The ameliorative effect of monotropein, astragalin, and spiraeoside on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial signaling pathway in varicocelized rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:333. [PMID: 31771569 PMCID: PMC6880392 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Monotropein, astragalin, and spiraeoside (MAS) are active compounds extracted from medicinal herbs; monotropein from Morinda officinalis How (Rubiaceae), astragalin (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside) from Cuscuta chinensis Lamark (Convolvulaceae) and spiraeoside from the outer scales of Allium cepa L. (Liliceae) in a ratio of 6.69:0.41:3.61. Monotropein, astragalin, and spiraeoside are well-known antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive agents. The current investigation aims to study the molecular mechanism of varicocele-induced male infertility and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of MAS. Methods Four groups were included: control (CTR), MAS 200 group (MAS 200 mg/kg), varicocele group (VC), and VC + MAS 200 group (MAS 200 mg/kg). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 200 mg/kg MAS or vehicle once daily for 28 days. The possible signaling mechanism and effects of MAS were measured via histological staining, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and biochemical assays. Results Parameters such as sperm motility and count, Johnsen’s scores, spermatogenic cell density, serum testosterone, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) improved significantly in the VC + MAS 200 group compared with the VC group. MAS treatment of varicocele-induced group significantly decreased the levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as testicular interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), ROS/RNS, and malondialdehyde (MDA). It also decreased the apoptotic index and reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein levels (Grp78, p-IRE1α, and p-JNK) and apoptotic markers such as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Conclusion This study suggests that the crosstalk between oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondrial pathway mediates varicocele-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. MAS promotes spermatogenesis in varicocele-induced SD rat, probably by decreasing cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) levels, regulating abnormal sex hormones, and decreasing oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis.
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Liao B, Lee SY, Meng K, Yin Q, Huang C, Fan Q, Liao W, Chen S. Characterization and novel Est-SSR marker development of an important Chinese medicinal plant, Morinda officinalis How (Rubiaceae). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1664322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boyong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shiou Yih Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qianyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Cuiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Sufang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Wang N, Xin H, Xu P, Yu Z, Shou D. Erxian Decoction Attenuates TNF-α Induced Osteoblast Apoptosis by Modulating the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:988. [PMID: 31551787 PMCID: PMC6748068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erxian decoction (EXD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used for treatment of osteoporosis for many years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effect of EXD in preventing osteoblast apoptosis and the underlying mechanism of prevention. Putative targets of EXD were predicted by network pharmacology, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were also performed. Evaluations of bone mineral density, serum estradiol level, trabecular area fraction, serum calcium levels, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in ovariectomized rats, as well as cell proliferation assays, apoptosis assays, and western blotting in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were performed for further experimental validation. Ninety-three active ingredients in the EXD formula and 259 potential targets were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses indicated that EXD significantly influenced the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In vivo experiments indicated that EXD treatment attenuated bone loss and decreased TNF-α levels in rats with osteoporosis. In vitro experiments showed that EXD treatment increased cell viability markedly and decreased levels of caspase-3 and the rate of apoptosis. It also promoted phosphorylation of Akt, nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in TNF-α-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. Our results suggest that EXD exerted profound anti-osteoporosis effects, at least partially by reducing production of TNF-α and attenuating osteoblast apoptosis via Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Zhongming Yu
- Department of Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Yip KM, Xu J, Zhou SS, Lau YM, Chen QL, Tang YC, Yang ZJ, Yao ZP, Ding P, Chen HB, Zhao ZZ. Characterization of Chemical Component Variations in Different Growth Years and Tissues of Morindae Officinalis Radix by Integrating Metabolomics and Glycomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7304-7314. [PMID: 31180668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Morindae Officinalis Radix (MOR), the dried root of Morinda officinalis F.C. How (Rubiaceae), is a popular food supplement in southeastern China for bone protection, andrological, and gynecological healthcare. In clinical use, 3-4 year old MOR is commonly used and the xylem is sometimes removed. However, there is no scientific rationale for these practices so far. In this study, metabolomics and glycomics were integrated using multiple chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the qualitative and quantitative variations of secondary metabolome and glycome in different growth years (1-7 years) and tissues (xylem and cortex) of MOR. The results showed that various types of bioactive components reached a maximum between 3 and 4 years of growth and that the xylem contained more potentially toxic constituents but less bioactive components than the cortex. This study provides the chemical basis for the common practice of using 3-4 year old MOR with the xylem removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Man Yip
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Yuk-Man Lau
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Qi-Lei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Yan-Cheng Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangdong 510006 , China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077 , China
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Kangquan Recipe Regulates the Expression of BAMBI Protein via the TGF- β/Smad Signaling Pathway to Inhibit Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6281819. [PMID: 31186664 PMCID: PMC6521302 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6281819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Kangquan Recipe (KQR) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound made by our research group for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Whether KQR can treat BPH as a single drug or play a role in the treatment of BPH in combination therapy needs further study. Aim of the Study To investigate the effect of KQR on the expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related factors in rats with BPH. In-depth analysis revealed the relevant signal transduction mechanism by which KQR acts to treat BPH. Materials and Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of 8 rats each. In addition to the control group, 40 rats were castrated and then injected with testosterone propionate to form a prostatic hyperplasia model. After 30 days, three groups received different concentrations of KQR (14 g/kg, 7 g/kg, and 3.5 g/kg), and the finasteride group received 0.5 mg/kg finasteride. The BPH group and the control group received the same volume of saline. All groups were treated for a total of 30 days. Rat body weight, prostate volume, wet weight, index, histology, and the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, BAMBI, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in the prostate tissue were measured after the end of treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the BPH group had increased prostate wet weight, volume, and index, and the histology showed significant BPH. Compared with the BPH group, the three KQR groups and the finasteride group all had varying levels of reduction in the prostate wet weight, volume, and index of the prostate and varying degrees of improvement in the histological manifestations of BPH. KQR downregulates the mRNA and/or protein expression of TGF-β, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and N-cadherin protein in prostate tissue and increases the mRNA and protein expression of BAMBI and E-cadherin protein. Conclusions In the model of BPH induced by testosterone propionate after castration, KQR can inhibit the conduction of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of BAMBI protein and reversing EMT in rat prostate tissue.
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Morinda Officinalis Polysaccharides Attenuate Varicocele-Induced Spermatogenic Impairment through the Modulation of Angiogenesis and Relative Factors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8453635. [PMID: 31110554 PMCID: PMC6487148 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8453635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supporting best treatment practices for varicocele is lacking. The effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Morinda officinalis (MOP) on the progression of varicocele were evaluated in the present study. The extracted MOP was confirmed as having a high purity of 98% with scant protein contamination, and it mainly consisted of glucose, lactose, and xylose at a molar ratio of 7.63:1.23:0.95 glucose:lactose:xylose. MOPs were administered to experimental left varicocele rats immediately after surgery at doses ranging from 25 to 200 mg/kg. As detected by sperm analysis and histopathological staining, the intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg MOPs significantly improved the sperm parameters of bilateral cauda epididymis, attenuated seminiferous epithelial structures, and inhibited germ cell apoptosis. The results of immunofluorescence and immunoblot showed that administration of 100 mg/kg MOPs effectively inhibited angiogenesis in the bilateral testes but modulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9 mildly. These results indicate that inhibition of angiogenesis may be one of the mechanisms by which MOP exerts its inhibitive activities on the progression of varicocele, whereas a relative upregulation of VEGF and MMP-9 may be crucial for the spermatogenetic protective effects of 100 mg/kg MOP administration.
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Zhai HJ, Yu JH, Zhang Q, Liu HS, Zhang JS, Song XQ, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Cytotoxic and antibacterial triterpenoids from the roots of Morinda officinalis var. officinalis. Fitoterapia 2019; 133:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Research progress on classical traditional Chinese medicine formula Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction in the treatment of depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108616. [PMID: 30780102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression pertains to the category of "Emotional Diseases" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Its clinical symptoms are similar to the manifestations of "lily disease" from the TCM classics Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty. Also in this book, Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction (LBRD) is the formula for the treatment of "lily disease". The classical herbal formula LBRD is composed of two herbs lily bulb and fresh rehmannia juice, with the function of nourishing yin and replenishing heart and lung. It has been clinically applied to treat "lily disease" for two thousand years. In this review, we focused on recent evidence linking LBRD and depression extracting data from animal and clinical studies, summarizing the primitive dosage and producing area of genuine medicinal materials of LBRD, clinical application, pharmacological mechanism and the effective substance basis for the treatment of depression. In conclusion, we discussed existing problems and future perspective. This systematic review will seek to enhance our understanding about pharmacology mechanism, herb-prescribing and recipe-constructing, and the development of novel formula for depression treatments.
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Xianyuan L, Wei Z, Yaqian D, Dan Z, Xueli T, Zhanglu D, Guanyi L, Lan T, Menghua L. Anti-renal fibrosis effect of asperulosidic acid via TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:274-285. [PMID: 30668407 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the most common pathway leading to end-stage renal disease. It is characterized by excess extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and renal tissue damage, subsequently leading to kidney failure. Asperulosidic acid (ASPA), a bioactive iridoid glycoside, exerts anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) have not yet been investigated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ASPA on renal fibrosis induced by UUO, and to explore its pharmacological mechanism. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham group, UUO model group, three ASPA treatment groups (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), and captopril group (20 mg/kg). Rats were administered vehicle, ASPA or captopril intraperitoneally once a day for 14 consecutive days. Urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and inflammatory factors in serum samples were evaluated on the 7th, 10th, and 14th day after renal fibrosis induction. In addition, the 12 h urine was collected to test the content of urinary protein (upro) on the 14th day. The obstructive renal tissues were collected for pathological analysis (hematoxylin and eosion (H&E) staining and Masson's Trichrome staining) and immunohistochemical analysis on the 14th day after renal fibrosis induction. The mRNA expression of related factors and the protein levels of smad2, smad3, and smad4 were measured in UUO-induced rats by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The levels of BUN, UA, and upro were elevated in UUO-induced rats, but ASPA treatment improved renal function by reducing the levels of BUN, UA, and upro. The protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, as well as the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were decreased after ASPA administration (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. The ASPA exerted an alleviation effect on the inflammatory response through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In addition, reductions in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen III, and fibronectin expression were observed after ASPA administration at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. Furthermore, the renal expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), smad2, smad3, and smad4 was down-regulated by ASPA treatment at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. CONCLUSION ASPA possessed protective effects on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO-induced rats. These effects may be through inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xianyuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zou Wei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Dong Yaqian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Dan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Xueli
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Zhanglu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Guanyi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Menghua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Qiu L, Zhou W, Tan H, Tang X, Wang Y, Ma Z, Gao Y. Rethinking and new perspectives on cardiotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been commonly used in clinical practice for thousands of years and has made enormous contributions to public health in China. However, the adverse effects on the cardiac system or TCM-induced cardiovascular diseases have emerged frequently in recent years, resulting in growing attention to the safety of TCM. Generally, TCM with adverse cardiac effects has typical therapeutic or toxic effects, which are based on specific material basis for efficacy/toxicity, specific clinical symptoms and toxic mechanisms. However, improper strategies adopted for research on the cardiotoxicity of TCM simply follow the basic principles of conventional toxicology and cause exaggerative or incorrect interpretations in the toxicity of TCM. In this review, we aim to present the classification and possible toxic mechanisms for TCM with cardiotoxicity based on the material basis for toxicity to rethink the existing problems in toxicity studies for TCM and provide new perspectives for research on the potential cardiotoxicity of TCM. We hope that this study can offer important theoretical support and scientific advice for the toxicity study and clinical rational use of TCM having cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Qiu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hongling Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
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117
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He YQ, Zhang Q, Shen Y, Han T, Zhang QL, Zhang JH, Lin B, Song HT, Hsu HY, Qin LP, Xin HL, Zhang QY. Rubiadin-1-methyl ether from Morinda officinalis How. Inhibits osteoclastogenesis through blocking RANKL-induced NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:927-931. [PMID: 30392907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rubiadin-1-methyl ether (RBM) is a natural anthraquinone compound isolated from the root of Morinda officinalis How. In our previous study, RBM was found to have inhibitory effects on the TRAP activity of osteoclasts, which means that RBM may be a candidate for therapy of bone diseases characterized by enhanced bone resorption. However, the further effect of RBM on osteoclasts and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RBM isolated from Morinda officinalis How. on osteoclasts derived from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and the underlying mechanism in vitro. RBM at the dose that did not affect the viability of cells significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and actin ring formation of osteoclast, while RBM performed a stronger effect at the early stage. In addition, RBM downregulated the expression of osteoclast-related proteins, including nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), cellular oncogene Fos (c-Fos), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cathepsin K (CtsK) as shown by Western blot. Furthermore, RBM inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the degradation of IκBα as well as decreased the nuclear translocation of p65. Collectively, the results suggest that RBM inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption through blocking NF-κB pathway and may be a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of bone diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China; College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Quan-Long Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bing Lin
- Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Hong-Tao Song
- Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Hsien-Yeh Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China; College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200433, China; College of Pharmaceutical science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China.
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Shen Y, Zhang Q, Wu YB, He YQ, Han T, Zhang JH, Zhao L, Hsu HY, Song HT, Lin B, Xin HL, Qi YP, Zhang QY. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of monotropein and deacetyl asperulosidic acid after oral administration of extracts from Morinda officinalis root in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:288. [PMID: 30355303 PMCID: PMC6201592 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iridoid glycosides (IGs), including monotropein (MON) and deacetyl asperulosidic acid (DA) as the main ingredients, are the major chemical components in Morinda officinalis How. (MO) root, possessing various pharmacological properties including anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammation and anti-rheumatism activities.The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the pharmacological actions of MO by investigating the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of IGs in MO. METHODS An ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of MON and DA levels in plasma and various tissues of Wistar rats. MON, DA and acetaminophen (ACE) as the internal standard (IS) were extracted from rat plasma and tissue samples by direct deproteinization with methanol. The rats were administered orally at 1650 mg/kg MO and 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg MO iridoid glycosides (MOIGs) or intravenously at MOIG 25 mg/kg for pharmacokinetic study of MON and DA. In addition, 100 mg/kg MOIG was administered orally for tissue distribution study of MON and DA. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed. Tissue distributions were calculated according to the validated methods. RESULTS Significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in male and female rats. The AUC0-t, Cmax and bioavailability of MON and DA in female rats were higher than those in male rats. MON and DA mainly distributed in the intestine and stomach after oral administration, and noteworthily high concentrations of MON and DA were detected in the rat hypothalamus. CONCLUSION The results of the present study may shed new lights on the biological behavior of MOIGs in vivo, help explain their pharmacological actions, and provide experimental clues for rational clinical use of these IGs extracted from the MO root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122 People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122 People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qiong He
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hsien-yeh Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li Nong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112-21 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-tao Song
- Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, No. 156, West Second Ring North Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Lin
- Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, No. 156, West Second Ring North Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-liang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-peng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao-yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122 People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053 People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 People’s Republic of China
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Chang B, Kim T, Kim S. Polysaccharides from pectinase digests of green tea enhances host immune defence through toll-like receptor 4. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1494139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- BoYoon Chang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - SungYeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Wang M, Wang Q, Yang Q, Yan X, Feng S, Wang Z. Cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Molecules 1988; 25:molecules25010160. [PMID: 31906109 PMCID: PMC6983063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots of Morinda officinalis and Morinda citrifolia have been interchangeably used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is no experimental evidence to support this. In this study, a ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)-based approach and a multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) were adopted to compare the difference in the chemical compounds present in the root extract of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia. There were 26 anthraquinones, 15 triterpenes, and 8 iridoid glycosides identified in the root extracts of M. officinalis, 30 anthraquinones, 1 triterpene, and 8 iridoid glycosides in the root extracts of M. citrifolia. Among these, 25 compounds presented in both plants. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) showed that these two herbs could be separated clearly. Furthermore, an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) found 9 components that could be used as chemical markers to discrimination the root extracts of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia. In addition, the results of a Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and cell colony formation assay indicated that methanol root extracts of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia showed no cell cytotoxicity to normal cells, even promoted the proliferation of normal liver cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the differences between the root extracts of M. officinalis and M. citrifolia (Hainan province) have been observed systematically at the chemistry level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; (M.W.); (Q.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; (M.W.); (Q.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; (M.W.); (Q.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; (M.W.); (Q.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China
| | - Shixiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (Z.W.); Fax: +86-755-25702889 (S.F.); +86-898-233006150 (Z.W.)
| | - Zhunian Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China; (M.W.); (Q.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene Resource, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (Z.W.); Fax: +86-755-25702889 (S.F.); +86-898-233006150 (Z.W.)
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