101
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Chen H, Viel S, Ziarelli F, Peng L. 19F NMR: a valuable tool for studying biological events. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7971-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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102
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Turcheniuk KV, Kukhar VP, Röschenthaler GV, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA, Sorochinsky AE. Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated aminophosphonates and aminophosphonic acids. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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103
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Dutheuil G, Pierry C, Villiers E, Couve-Bonnaire S, Pannecoucke X. Straightforward asymmetric synthesis of Ala-Ψ[CFCH]-Pro, a proline-containing pseudodipeptide bearing a fluoroolefin as a peptide bond mimic. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40891k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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104
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Fauster K, Kreutz C, Micura R. 2'-SCF3 uridine-a powerful label for probing structure and function of RNA by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:13080-4. [PMID: 23161779 PMCID: PMC3555429 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorishing: the Togni reagent allows efficient synthetic access to fluorine-labeled RNA molecules. These are in turn highly useful for NMR spectroscopic analyses of secondary and tertiary structures, RNA-protein interactions, and functionality of riboswitch modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Fauster
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine (CCB)020 Innsbruck (Austria)
| | - Christoph Kreutz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine (CCB)020 Innsbruck (Austria)
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine (CCB)020 Innsbruck (Austria)
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105
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Fauster K, Kreutz C, Micura R. 2′-SCF3Uridine-A Powerful Label for Probing Structure and Function of RNA by19F NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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106
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March TL, Johnston MR, Duggan PJ, Gardiner J. Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Applications ofα-Fluorinatedβ-Amino Acids and Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:2410-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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107
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Suzuki Y, Brender JR, Hartman K, Ramamoorthy A, G. Marsh EN. Alternative pathways of human islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation distinguished by (19)f nuclear magnetic resonance-detected kinetics of monomer consumption. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8154-62. [PMID: 22998665 PMCID: PMC3543753 DOI: 10.1021/bi3012548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid formation, a complex process involving many intermediate states, is proposed to be the driving force for amyloid-related toxicity in common degenerative diseases. Unfortunately, the details of this process have been obscured by the limitations in the methods that can follow this reaction in real time. We show that alternative pathways of aggregation can be distinguished by using (19)F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor monomer consumption along with complementary measurements of fibrillogenesis. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by tracking amyloid formation in the diabetes-related islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Using this technique, we show IAPP fibrillizes without an appreciable buildup of nonfibrillar intermediates, in contrast to the well-studied Aβ and α-synuclein proteins. To further develop the usage of (19)F NMR, we have tracked the influence of the polyphenolic amyloid inhibitor epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the aggregation pathway. Polyphenols have been shown to strongly inhibit amyloid formation in many systems. However, spectroscopic measurements of amyloid inhibition by these compounds can be severely compromised by background signals and competitive binding with extrinsic probes. Using (19)F NMR, we show that thioflavin T strongly competes with EGCG for binding sites on IAPP fibers. By comparing the rates of monomer consumption and fiber formation, we are able to show that EGCG stabilizes nonfibrillar large aggregates during fibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Kevin Hartman
- Department of Biophysics University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biophysics University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - E. Neil G. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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108
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Louie MW, Choi AWT, Liu HW, Chan BTN, Lo KKW. Synthesis, Emission Characteristics, Cellular Studies, and Bioconjugation Properties of Luminescent Rhenium(I) Polypyridine Complexes with a Fluorous Pendant. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3003575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Wai Louie
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Alex Wing-Tat Choi
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Bruce Ting-Ngok Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas
of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's
Republic of China
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109
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Harvey P, Chalmers KH, De Luca E, Mishra A, Parker D. Paramagnetic 19F chemical shift probes that respond selectively to calcium or citrate levels and signal ester hydrolysis. Chemistry 2012; 18:8748-57. [PMID: 22689478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic magnetic resonance chemical shift probes containing a proximal CF(3) group have been characterised. Different systems have been created that report reversible changes in calcium ion concentrations in the millimolar regime, signal the presence of citrate selectively in competitive aqueous media and allow the monitoring of remote ester/amide hydrolysis in relayed, irreversible transformations. Chemical shift non-equivalence is amplified by the presence of the proximate lanthanide ion, with a mean separation between the CF(3) group and the metal ion of 6.4 Å found for a thulium complex, in an X-ray structure of the metal complex aqua adduct. The enhanced rate of longitudinal relaxation of the (19)F nucleus allows faster data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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110
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Ito M, Shibata A, Zhang J, Hiroshima M, Sako Y, Nakano Y, Kojima-Aikawa K, Mannervik B, Shuto S, Ito Y, Morgenstern R, Abe H. Universal caging group for the in-cell detection of glutathione transferase applied to 19F NMR and bioluminogenic probes. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1428-32. [PMID: 22689392 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-Shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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111
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Courtier-Murias D, Farooq H, Masoom H, Botana A, Soong R, Longstaffe JG, Simpson MJ, Maas WE, Fey M, Andrew B, Struppe J, Hutchins H, Krishnamurthy S, Kumar R, Monette M, Stronks HJ, Hume A, Simpson AJ. Comprehensive multiphase NMR spectroscopy: basic experimental approaches to differentiate phases in heterogeneous samples. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 217:61-76. [PMID: 22425441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous samples, such as soils, sediments, plants, tissues, foods and organisms, often contain liquid-, gel- and solid-like phases and it is the synergism between these phases that determine their environmental and biological properties. Studying each phase separately can perturb the sample, removing important structural information such as chemical interactions at the gel-solid interface, kinetics across boundaries and conformation in the natural state. In order to overcome these limitations a Comprehensive Multiphase-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CMP-NMR) probe has been developed, and is introduced here, that permits all bonds in all phases to be studied and differentiated in whole unaltered natural samples. The CMP-NMR probe is built with high power circuitry, Magic Angle Spinning (MAS), is fitted with a lock channel, pulse field gradients, and is fully susceptibility matched. Consequently, this novel NMR probe has to cover all HR-MAS aspects without compromising power handling to permit the full range of solution-, gel- and solid-state experiments available today. Using this technology, both structures and interactions can be studied independently in each phase as well as transfer/interactions between phases within a heterogeneous sample. This paper outlines some basic experimental approaches using a model heterogeneous multiphase sample containing liquid-, gel- and solid-like components in water, yielding separate (1)H and (13)C spectra for the different phases. In addition, (19)F performance is also addressed. To illustrate the capability of (19)F NMR soil samples, containing two different contaminants, are used, demonstrating a preliminary, but real-world application of this technology. This novel NMR approach possesses a great potential for the in situ study of natural samples in their native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Courtier-Murias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4
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112
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Kitevski-LeBlanc JL, Prosser RS. Current applications of 19F NMR to studies of protein structure and dynamics. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 62:1-33. [PMID: 22364614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne L Kitevski-LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, UTM, 3359 Mississauga Rd., North Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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113
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Braitsch M, Kählig H, Kontaxis G, Fischer M, Kawada T, Konrat R, Schmid W. Synthesis of fluorinated maltose derivatives for monitoring protein interaction by (19)F NMR. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:448-55. [PMID: 22509216 PMCID: PMC3326624 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reporter system, which is applicable to the 19F NMR investigation of protein interactions, is presented. This approach uses 2-F-labeled maltose as a spy ligand to indirectly probe protein–ligand or protein–protein interactions of proteins fused or tagged to the maltose-binding protein (MBP). The key feature is the simultaneous NMR observation of both 19F NMR signals of gluco/manno-type-2-F-maltose-isomers; one isomer (α-gluco-type) binds to MBP and senses the protein interaction, and the nonbinding isomers (β-gluco- and/or α/β-manno-type) are utilized as internal references. Moreover, this reporter system was used for relative affinity studies of fluorinated and nonfluorinated carbohydrates to the maltose-binding protein, which were found to be in perfect agreement with published X-ray data. The results of the NMR competition experiments together with the established correlation between 19F chemical shift data and molecular interaction patterns, suggest valuable applications for studies of protein–ligand interaction interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Braitsch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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114
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Yamada H, Mizusawa K, Igarashi R, Tochio H, Shirakawa M, Tabata Y, Kimura Y, Kondo T, Aoyama Y, Sando S. Substrate/Product-targeted NMR monitoring of pyrimidine catabolism and its inhibition by a clinical drug. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:535-42. [PMID: 22260358 DOI: 10.1021/cb2003972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of one-dimensional triple-resonance NMR to metabolic analysis and thereon-based evaluation of drug activity. Doubly (13)C/(15)N-labeled uracil ([(15)N1,(13)C6]-uracil) was prepared. Its catabolic (degradative) conversion to [(13)C3,(15)N4]-β-alanine and inhibition thereof by gimeracil, a clinical co-drug used with the antitumor agent 5-fluorouracil, in mouse liver lysates were monitored specifically using one-dimensional triple-resonance ((1)H-{(13)C-(15)N}) NMR, but not double-resonance ((1)H-{(13)C}) NMR, in a ratiometric manner. The administration of labeled uracil to a mouse resulted in its non-selective distribution in various organs, with efficient catabolism to labeled β-alanine exclusively in the liver. The co-administration of gimeracil inhibited the catabolic conversion of uracil in the liver. In marked contrast to in vitro results, however, gimeracil had practically no effect on the level of uracil in the liver. The potentiality of triple-resonance NMR in the analysis of in vivo pharmaceutical activity of drugs targeting particular metabolic reactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Yamada
- Advanced Biomedical Engineering
Research Unit, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Field
of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,
Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Kimura
- Advanced Biomedical Engineering
Research Unit, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Kondo
- Advanced Biomedical Engineering
Research Unit, Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Aoyama
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
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115
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Merkel L, Budisa N. Organic fluorine as a polypeptide building element: in vivo expression of fluorinated peptides, proteins and proteomes. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7241-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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116
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Qin L, Sheridan C, Gao J. Synthesis of tetrafluorinated aromatic amino acids with distinct signatures in 19F NMR. Org Lett 2011; 14:528-31. [PMID: 22196053 DOI: 10.1021/ol203140n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated amino acids serve as powerful tools in protein chemistry. We synthesized a series of para-substituted tetrafluorophenylalanines via the regioselective S(NAr) chemistry of the commercially available pentafluorophenylalanine Boc-Z. These novel unnatural amino acids display distinct (19)F NMR signatures, making them powerful tools for analyzing protein-membrane interactions with NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoheng Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3801, USA
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117
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Doura T, An Q, Sugihara F, Matsuda T, Sando S. p-Aminophenyl Alkyl Ether-based19F MRI Probe for Specific Detection and Imaging of Hypochlorite Ion. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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118
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Salwiczek M, Nyakatura EK, Gerling UIM, Ye S, Koksch B. Fluorinated amino acids: compatibility with native protein structures and effects on protein-protein interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:2135-71. [PMID: 22130572 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated analogues of the canonical α-L-amino acids have gained widespread attention as building blocks that may endow peptides and proteins with advantageous biophysical, chemical and biological properties. This critical review covers the literature dealing with investigations of peptides and proteins containing fluorinated analogues of the canonical amino acids published over the course of the past decade including the late nineties. It focuses on side-chain fluorinated amino acids, the carbon backbone of which is identical to their natural analogues. Each class of amino acids--aliphatic, aromatic, charged and polar as well as proline--is presented in a separate section. General effects of fluorine on essential properties such as hydrophobicity, acidity/basicity and conformation of the specific side chains and the impact of these altered properties on stability, folding kinetics and activity of peptides and proteins are discussed (245 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Salwiczek
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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119
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McKenzie JS, Donarski JA, Wilson JC, Charlton AJ. Analysis of complex mixtures using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemometrics. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 59:336-59. [PMID: 22027342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James S McKenzie
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
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120
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Yamaguchi K, Ueki R, Nonaka H, Sugihara F, Matsuda T, Sando S. Design of chemical shift-switching 19F magnetic resonance imaging probe for specific detection of human monoamine oxidase A. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14208-11. [PMID: 21851116 DOI: 10.1021/ja2057506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A is a flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of biologically important monoamines and is thought to be associated with psychiatric disorders. Here, we report a strategy for rationally designing a (19)F magnetic resonance imaging probe for the specific detection of human MAO-A (hMAO-A) activity. Our designed (19)F probe was oxidized expeditiously by hMAO-A to produce 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol via a spontaneous β-elimination mechanism. Concomitant with the structural change of the probe to the product, the (19)F chemical shift changed by 4.2 ppm, which was enough to visualize the probe and enzymatic product separately. Importantly, our probe achieved excellent discrimination of hMAO-A from its isoform hMAO-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yamaguchi
- INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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121
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Ampt KAM, Aspers RLEG, Jaeger M, Geutjes PETJ, Honing M, Wijmenga SS. Application of fluorine NMR for structure identification of steroids. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:221-230. [PMID: 21387404 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated steroids were examined using 1D and 2D homo- and heteronuclear (19)F NMR, such as (19)F-(1) H and (19)F-(13)C. The utilization of fluorine NMR accounted for spectral simplification and resulted in a straightforward pathway for the determination of structures including the configuration of these compounds; these steroids present an illustrative example for other types of fluorinated compounds, which are increasingly encountered in drug discovery. The potential of (19)F NMR is elaborated on in detail for two compounds containing diastereotopic fluorines with different coupling patterns. The analysis of the coupling patterns and the through-space interactions resulted in the determination of the structure and configuration. Heteronuclear correlation experiments, i.e. (19)F-(1)H HETCOR, (19)F-(13)C HMQC and HMBC, and (19)F-(1)H HOESY, were applied to determine first the relative stereochemistry and then the molecular configuration at C4 and C5 of a steroidal compound bearing a fused three-membered ring with two fluorine substituents. These examples proved (19)F NMR to be a useful addition to the extensively used (1)H and (13)C NMR within structure elucidation and configuration determination of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A M Ampt
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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122
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Abstract
An NMR spectroscopic technique has been developed to give rapid, accurate pH measurements on tenth-milliliter samples of concentrated acidic aqueous solutions buffered by fluoride ion in the pH 1.5 - 4.5 range. The fluoride (19)F chemical shift has been calibrated as a function of pH at 0.1 and 1.0 M concentration by reference to an internal 3-fluoropyridine standard. Subsequent measurements of fluoride buffer pH required no additives and only two NMR spectra in the presence of an external reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Gerken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison WI USA 53706-1322
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123
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Abstract
Investigations on diverse aspects of fluoro-organic compounds have rapidly increased during the past decades. Because natural sources of fluoro-organic compounds are extremely rare, the industrial synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds and production of fluorinated natural product derivatives have greatly expanded in recent years because of their increasing importance in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Due to structural complexity or instability, synthetic modification is often not possible, and various biofluorination strategies have been developed in recent years for applications in the anti-cancer, anti-viral and anti-infection fields. Despite the industrial importance of fluorinated compounds, there have been serious concerns worldwide over the levels and synthetic routes of certain fluorinated organic compounds, in particular perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). PFCs are emerging and recalcitrant pollutants which are widely distributed in the environment and have been detected in humans and wildlife globally. PFCs have been demonstrated to be potentially carcinogenic, adversely affect the neuroendocrine and immune systems, and produce neurotoxicity, heptatotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects in vertebrate animals. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the biology of various fluoro-organic compounds and perspectives for new enzymes and metabolic pathways for bioremediation of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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124
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Biodegradation of polyfluorinated biphenyl in bacteria. Biodegradation 2010; 22:741-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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125
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Fusaro L, Locci E, Lai A, Luhmer M. Highlighting cavities in proteins by NMR using sulfur hexafluoride as a spy molecule. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3398-403. [PMID: 20163136 DOI: 10.1021/jp100098u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cavities in proteins can be studied experimentally by using some detectable atoms, such as xenon, or molecules which act as reporter, such as a spy. The interest of sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)) for probing hydrophobic cavities by solution-state NMR is investigated. The wheat nonspecific lipid transfer protein (LTP) was selected as a model system for this purpose. The binding of SF(6) is straightforwardly detected by the (19)F chemical shift, line width, or longitudinal relaxation time measurements, which can be carried out at low SF(6) concentration without interference from resonances of the protein. Most interestingly, the binding of SF(6) gives rise to selective intermolecular (1)H{(19)F} heteronuclear Overhauser effects (HOEs). Molecular dynamics simulation and NMR spectrum modeling show that the experimental HOESY spectra are consistent with (1)H{(19)F} HOEs arising from SF(6) in the cavity of LTP. SF(6) is found to be an advantageous alternative to hyperpolarized (129)Xe and small organic compounds for probing cavities in proteins by solution-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fusaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Salwiczek M, Mikhailiuk PK, Afonin S, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS, Koksch B. Compatibility of the conformationally rigid CF3-Bpg side chain with the hydrophobic coiled-coil interface. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1589-93. [PMID: 20386938 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3-(trifluoromethyl)bicyclopent-[1.1.1]-1-yl glycine (CF3-Bpg) has previously been established as a useful 19F NMR label to analyse the structures of oligomeric membrane-active peptides or transmembrane segments. To systematically examine the effect of side chain volume, conformational rigidity, and hydrophobicity of CF3-Bpg in polypeptide environments the amino acid was incorporated into an established coiled-coil based screening system. A single substitution of either valine (position a16) or leucine (position d19) within the hydrophobic core of the heteromeric coiled coil has practically no effect on its structure. Despite its comparatively high hydrophobicity, however, the stiff and bulky side chain of CF3-Bpg is not so well accommodated by the hydrophobic core as it leads to a more pronounced destabilization than observed for other, more polar fluorinated amino acids which carry more flexible side chains. CF3-Bpg is therefore a useful 19F NMR label, though not for monitoring the stability of such helix-helix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Salwiczek
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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127
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Puffer B, Kreutz C, Rieder U, Ebert MO, Konrat R, Micura R. 5-Fluoro pyrimidines: labels to probe DNA and RNA secondary structures by 1D 19F NMR spectroscopy. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 37:7728-40. [PMID: 19843610 PMCID: PMC2794194 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
19F NMR spectroscopy has proved to be a valuable tool to monitor functionally important conformational transitions of nucleic acids. Here, we present a systematic investigation on the application of 5-fluoro pyrimidines to probe DNA and RNA secondary structures. Oligonucleotides with the propensity to adapt secondary structure equilibria were chosen as model systems and analyzed by 1D 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A comparison with the unmodified analogs revealed that the equilibrium characteristics of the bistable DNA and RNA oligonucleotides were hardly affected upon fluorine substitution at C5 of pyrimidines. This observation was in accordance with UV spectroscopic melting experiments which demonstrated that single 5-fluoro substitutions in double helices lead to comparable thermodynamic stabilities. Thus, 5-fluoro pyrimidine labeling of DNA and RNA can be reliably applied for NMR based nucleic acid secondary structure evaluation. Furthermore, we developed a facile synthetic route towards 5-fluoro cytidine phosphoramidites that enables their convenient site-specific incorporation into oligonucleotides by solid-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Puffer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland and Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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128
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Fluorine in medicinal chemistry: a century of progress and a 60-year retrospective of selected highlights. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:777-91. [PMID: 21426080 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective explores the origins of both fluorine and medicinal chemistry a century ago and traces the early history of the intersection of these areas and the subsequent roles that fluorine has played in advancing medicinal innovations and diagnoses during the past 60 years. The overview highlights remarkable breakthroughs in many diverse areas of medicinal chemistry, including inter alia, anesthetics, steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticancer and antiviral agents, CNS medications, antibacterials and cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors. The increasing use of fluorine-18-labeled radiotracers in PET for diagnostic imaging of the brain, heart and in oncology is briefly presented. The signature roles of fluorine in medicinal chemistry are now firmly established. The presence of fluorine in pharmaceuticals has had a major impact on a plethora of important medical applications, such as those cited above. Fluorine will very likely continue to contribute significantly by playing multifaceted roles in enhancing future medical advances.
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129
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5-fluorotryptophan as dual probe for ground-state heterogeneity and excited-state dynamics in apoflavodoxin. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2785-8. [PMID: 19619543 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The apoflavodoxin protein from Azotobacter vinelandii harboring three tryptophan (Trp) residues, was biosynthetically labeled with 5-fluorotryptophan (5-FTrp). 5-FTrp has the advantage that chemical differences in its microenvironment can be sensitively visualized via (19)F NMR. Moreover, it shows simpler fluorescence decay kinetics. The occurrence of FRET was earlier observed via the fluorescence anisotropy decay of WT apoflavodoxin and the anisotropy decay parameters are in excellent agreement with distances between and relative orientations of all Trp residues. The anisotropy decay in 5-FTrp apoflavodoxin demonstrates that the distances and orientations are identical for this protein. This work demonstrates the added value of replacing Trp by 5-FTrp to study structural features of proteins via (19)F NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy.
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