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Zhang F, Cui X, Fu Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Li Y, Liu Q, Chen T. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of the human milk-sourced peptide Casein201. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:698-704. [PMID: 28242197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Casein201 is one of the human milk sourced peptides that differed significantly in preterm and full-term mothers. This study is designed to demonstrate the biological characteristics, antibacterial activity and mechanisms of Casein201 against common pathogens in neonatal infection. METHODOLOGY The analysis of biological characteristics was done by bioinformatics. Disk diffusion method and flow cytometry were used to detect the antimicrobial activity of Casein201. Killing kinetics of Casein201 was measured using microplate reader. The antimicrobial mechanism of Casein201 was studied by electron microscopy and electrophoresis. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis indicates that Casein201 derived from β-casein and showed significant sequence overlap. Antibacterial assays showed Casein201 inhibited the growth of S taphylococcus aureus and Y ersinia enterocolitica. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that the antibacterial activity of Casein201 is through cytoplasmic structures disintegration and bacterial cell envelope alterations but not combination with DNA. CONCLUSION We conclude the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of Casein201. Our data demonstrate that Casein201 has potential therapeutic value for the prevention and treatment of pathogens in neonatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanrong Fu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahui Zhou
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obestetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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102
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Wada Y, Phinney BS, Weber D, Lönnerdal B. In vivo digestomics of milk proteins in human milk and infant formula using a suckling rat pup model. Peptides 2017; 88:18-31. [PMID: 27979737 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is the optimal mode of infant feeding for the first several months of life, and infant formulas serve as an alternative when breast-feeding is not possible. Milk proteins have a balanced amino acid composition and some of them provide beneficial bioactivities in their intact forms. They also encrypt a variety of bioactive peptides, possibly contributing to infant health and growth. However, there is limited knowledge of how milk proteins are digested in the gastrointestinal tract and bioactive peptides are released in infants. A peptidomic analysis was conducted to identify peptides released from milk proteins in human milk and infant formula, using a suckling rat pup model. Among the major milk proteins targeted, α-lactalbumin and β-casein in human milk, and β-lactoglobulin and β-casein in infant formula were the main sources of peptides, and these peptides covered large parts of the parental proteins' sequences. Release of peptides was concentrated to specific regions, such as residues 70-92 of β-casein in human milk, residues 39-55 of β-lactoglobulin in infant formula, and residues 57-96 and 145-161 of β-CN in infant formula, where resistance to gastrointestinal digestion was suggested. In the context of bioactive peptides, release of fragments containing known bioactive peptides was confirmed, such as β-CN-derived opioid and antihypertensive peptides. It is therefore likely that these fragments are of biological significance in neonatal health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Darren Weber
- Genome Center Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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103
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de Oliveira SC, Bellanger A, Ménard O, Pladys P, Le Gouar Y, Dirson E, Kroell F, Dupont D, Deglaire A, Bourlieu C. Impact of human milk pasteurization on gastric digestion in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:379-390. [PMID: 28052887 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.142539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holder pasteurization has been reported to modify human milk composition and structure by inactivating bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) and partially denaturing some of its proteins, potentially affecting its subsequent digestion. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the impact of human milk pasteurization on gastric digestion (particularly for proteins and lipids) in preterm infants who were fed their mothers' own milk either raw or pasteurized. DESIGN In a randomized controlled trial, 12 hospitalized tube-fed preterm infants were their own control group in comparing the gastric digestion of raw human milk (RHM) with pasteurized human milk (PHM). Over a 6-d sequence, gastric aspirates were collected 2 times/d before and after RHM or PHM ingestion. The impact of milk pasteurization digestive kinetics and disintegration was tested with the use of a general linear mixed model. RESULTS Despite inactivating BSSL, instantaneous lipolysis was not affected by pasteurization (mean ± SD at 90 min: 12.6% ± 4.7%; P > 0.05). Lipolysis occurred in milk before digestion and was higher for PHM than for RHM (mean ± SD: 3.2% ± 0.6% and 2.2% ± 0.8%, respectively; P < 0.001). Pasteurization enhanced the proteolysis of lactoferrin (P < 0.01) and reduced that of α-lactalbumin (only at 90 min) (P < 0.05). Strong emulsion destabilization was observed, with smaller aggregates and a higher specific surface for PHM (P < 0.05). Pasteurization did not affect gastric emptying (∼30-min half time) or pH (mean ± SD: 4.4 ± 0.8) at 90 min. CONCLUSIONS Overall, pasteurization had no impact on the gastric digestion of lipids and some proteins from human milk but did affect lactoferrin and α-lactalbumin proteolysis and emulsion disintegration. Freeze-thawing and pasteurization increased the milk lipolysis before digestion but did not affect gastric lipolysis. Possible consequences on intestinal digestion and associated nutritional outcomes were not considered in this study. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02112331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira C de Oliveira
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, Agrocampus West, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Rennes, France
| | - Amandine Bellanger
- Department of Pediatrics, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Olivia Ménard
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, Agrocampus West, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Pladys
- Department of Pediatrics, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Le Gouar
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, Agrocampus West, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Rennes, France
| | - Emelyne Dirson
- Department of Pediatrics, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; and
| | - Florian Kroell
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, Agrocampus West, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Rennes, France
| | - Didier Dupont
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, Agrocampus West, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Deglaire
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, Agrocampus West, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Rennes, France;
| | - Claire Bourlieu
- Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs, Agrocampus West, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Rennes, France
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104
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Kim SM, Kim SJ, Kim JY, Kim JR, Cho KH. Breast Milk from Smokers Contains Less Cholesterol and Protein and Smaller Size of Apolipoprotein A-I Resulting in Lower Zebrafish Embryo Survivability. Breastfeed Med 2017. [PMID: 28631934 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the quality of breast milk (BM), we compared the functions of BM from ex-smokers and nonsmokers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed the contents of lipids, glucose, and protein in BM from ex-smokers (10 cigarettes/day for 13 ± 3 years) as well as infant formula. RESULTS Nonsmokers' BM showed 2.4- and 1.4-fold higher cholesterol and protein contents, respectively, than BM from smokers. Infant formula contained almost no cholesterol, but did show remarkably higher glucose and triglyceride levels than BM. Microinjection of BM (50 nL) from nonsmokers and smokers into zebrafish embryos resulted in 59% and 44% survival, respectively, whereas formula injection resulted in 31% survival. The higher cholesterol and protein contents of BM were directly correlated with higher embryo survivability, suggesting that cholesterol content is directly and critically associated with growth of neonate infants. Smokers' BM contained smaller-sized apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I) (24.4 ± 0.2 kDa) than BM from nonsmokers (26.7 ± 0.4 kDa), suggesting that putative modification and cleavage occurred in apoA-I. BM containing higher molecular weight apoA-I resulted in higher embryo survivability. CONCLUSIONS Smoking before pregnancy can affect the composition and quality of BM, resulting in almost complete loss of cholesterol and protein, especially lactoferrin, lactalbumin, and apoA-I, accompanied by proteolytic degradation. These impairment effects of BM are associated with elevation of oxidative stress and lower embryo survivability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Kim
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jeong Kim
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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105
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Cermeño M, FitzGerald RJ, O'Brien NM. In vitro antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of transglutaminase-treated sodium caseinate hydrolysates. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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106
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Yu TY, Morton JD, Clerens S, Dyer JM. Cooking-Induced Protein Modifications in Meat. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 16:141-159. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tzer-Yang Yu
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre; Private Bag 4749 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Lincoln Univ; PO Box 84 Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
| | - James D. Morton
- Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln Univ; PO Box 84 Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre; Univ. of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Stefan Clerens
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre; Private Bag 4749 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre; Univ. of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Jolon M. Dyer
- Food & Bio-Based Products; AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre; Private Bag 4749 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
- Riddet Inst; Massey Univ; Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
- Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Lincoln Univ; PO Box 84 Canterbury 7647 New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre; Univ. of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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107
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De Luca P, Bruschi S, Maggioni M, Stuknytė M, Cattaneo S, Bottani M, Fiorilli A, Rossi F, De Noni I, Ferraretto A. Gastrointestinal digestates of Grana Padano and Trentingrana cheeses promote intestinal calcium uptake and extracellular bone matrix formation in vitro. Food Res Int 2016; 89:820-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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108
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Niño DF, Sodhi CP, Hackam DJ. Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 13:590-600. [PMID: 27534694 PMCID: PMC5124124 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frequent and lethal disease of the gastrointestinal tract of preterm infants. At present, NEC is thought to develop in the premature host in the setting of bacterial colonization, often after administration of non-breast milk feeds, and disease onset is thought to be due in part to a baseline increased reactivity of the premature intestinal mucosa to microbial ligands as compared with the full-term intestinal mucosa. The increased reactivity leads to mucosal destruction and impaired mesenteric perfusion and partly reflects an increased expression of the bacterial receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the premature gut, as well as other factors that predispose the intestine to a hyper-reactive state in response to colonizing microorganisms. The increased expression of TLR4 in the premature gut reflects a surprising role for this molecule in the regulation of normal intestinal development through its effects on the Notch signalling pathway. This Review will examine the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of NEC, provide an overview of our current knowledge regarding its molecular underpinnings and highlight advances made within the past decade towards the development of specific preventive and treatment strategies for this devastating disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Factors/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Breast Feeding
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy
- Probiotics/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Niño
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- The Bloomberg Children's Center, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Chhinder P Sodhi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- The Bloomberg Children's Center, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- The Bloomberg Children's Center, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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109
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Temporal Changes of Protein Composition in Breast Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers and Impact of Caesarean Section Delivery. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080504. [PMID: 27548208 PMCID: PMC4997417 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (BM) protein composition may be impacted by lactation stage or factors related to geographical location. The present study aimed at assessing the temporal changes of BM major proteins over lactation stages and the impact of mode of delivery on immune factors, in a large cohort of urban mothers in China. 450 BM samples, collected in three Chinese cities, covering 8 months of lactation were analyzed for α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin, total caseins, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM and IgG) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and β2 content by microfluidic chip- or ELISA-based quantitative methods. Concentrations and changes over lactation were aligned with previous reports. α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, IgA, IgM and TGF-β1 contents followed similar variations characterized by highest concentrations in early lactation that rapidly decreased before remaining stable up to end of lactation. TGF-β2 content displayed same early dynamics before increasing again. Total caseins followed a different pattern, showing initial increase before decreasing back to starting values. Serum albumin and IgG levels appeared stable throughout lactation. In conclusion, BM content in major proteins of urban mothers in China was comparable with previous studies carried out in other parts of the world and C-section delivery had only very limited impact on BM immune factors.
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110
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Lázaro CP, Pondé MP, Rodrigues LEA. Opioid peptides and gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 38:243-6. [PMID: 27304256 PMCID: PMC7194264 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by deficits in the individual's ability to socialize, communicate, and use the imagination, in addition to stereotyped behaviors. These disorders have a heterogenous phenotype, both in relation to symptoms and regarding severity. Organic problems related to the gastrointestinal tract are often associated with ASD, including dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, celiac disease, indigestion, malabsorption, food intolerance, and food allergies, leading to vitamin deficiencies and malnutrition. In an attempt to explain the pathophysiology involved in autism, a theory founded on opioid excess has been the focus of various investigations, since it partially explains the symptomatology of the disorder. Another hypothesis has been put forward whereby the probable triggers of ASDs would be related to the presence of bacteria in the bowel, oxidative stress, and intestinal permeability. The present update reviews these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane P Lázaro
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (BAHIANA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Autismo (LABIRINTO), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Milena P Pondé
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (BAHIANA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Autismo (LABIRINTO), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Luiz E A Rodrigues
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (BAHIANA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Autismo (LABIRINTO), Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Pesquisas Básicas, BAHIANA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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111
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Kim SM, Kim J, Choi I, Kim JR, Cho KH. Breast Milk from Frequent Trans Fatty Acid Consumers Shows High Triglyceride and Glucose Levels, but Low Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein A-I levels, with Resulting Impaired In Vitro Zebrafish Embryo Growth and Survival. Breastfeed Med 2016; 11:239-46. [PMID: 27195698 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that breast milk is the best nutritional source for infant growth. However, there has been no information about the quality of breast milk from individuals who daily consume a trans fatty acid (TFA)-enriched diet. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed compositional and functional analyses with breast milk from lactating mothers, in terms of lipid content and zebrafish embryo survivability, among individuals who daily consumed TFA-enriched food (n = 5), normal diet as control (n = 5), and powder formula (n = 5). RESULTS In lipid content of breast milk, the control group showed 2.5- and 4.5-fold higher cholesterol content than the TFA group and infant formula, respectively. The TFA group and infant formula showed 1.8- and 2.0-fold higher triglyceride (TG) than the control group. Moreover, the TFA group and formula showed 1.4- and 4.8-fold higher glucose levels compared with control. The TFA group also showed 25% lower protein content than control. Microinjection with breast milk (50 nL) from the TFA group showed significantly lower zebrafish embryo survivability (50% ± 4%) compared with the control (66% ± 5%), whereas microinjection with formula showed the lowest survivability (39% ± 5%) with the slowest developmental speed. Immunodetection revealed that breast milk from the TFA group showed smaller-sized apoA-I (25.5 ± 0.6 kDa) than that from the control group (27.5 ± 1.5 kDa), whereas formula did not contain apoA-I. Larger apoA-I size in breast milk was directly associated with higher embryo survivability. CONCLUSIONS Breast milk from the TFA group showed increased TG and loss of cholesterol, lactalbumin (14 kDa), and apoA-I proteins, resulting in functional impairment of development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Kim
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine Yeungnam University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute of Protein Sensor, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.,3 BK21plus Program Serum Biomedical Research and Education Team, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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112
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Abstract
Lactoferrin is thought to be the most polyvalent protein present in host defense against tissue injuries and infections in vertebrates. Owing to the propensity of its basic N-terminal domain to interact with various microbial and host targets, lactoferrin not only has antimicrobial properties, but also modulates the innate and adaptive immune responses. Lactoferrin may indeed up- and downregulate immune cell activation, migration, and growth. Whereas the immunomodulatory properties of lactoferrin are evidenced from in vivo studies using either lactoferrin-knockout, lactoferrin-overexpressing transgenic models, and dietary lactoferrin, few mechanisms from in vitro studies have been proposed to explain these properties. The best characterized lactoferrin targets are negatively charged molecules. They encompass pro-inflammatory microbial molecules, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (eg, lipopolysaccharide), but also host components such as DNA, the glycosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans, and surface cell receptors. Signaling through these receptors is thought to be the main lever used by lactoferrin to influence immune cells and cytokine-balance-controlling cell activity. This article aims to review our current understanding, though incomplete, of the many ways lactoferrin influences the complex immune machinery and the known and putative mechanisms that may explain its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Legrand
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France.
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113
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Fields DA, Schneider CR, Pavela G. A narrative review of the associations between six bioactive components in breast milk and infant adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1213-21. [PMID: 27151491 PMCID: PMC5325144 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review examines six important non-nutritive substances in breast milk, many of which were thought to have little to no biological significance. The overall objective is to provide background on key bioactive factors in breast milk believed to have an effect on infant outcomes (growth and body composition). METHODS The evidence for the effects of the following six bioactive compounds in breast milk on infant growth outcomes are reviewed: insulin, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. RESULTS The existing literature on the effects of breast milk insulin, ghrelin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and their associations with infant growth and adiposity is sparse. Of the bioactive compounds reviewed, leptin and adiponectin are the most researched. Data reveal that breast milk adiponectin has negative associations with growth in infancy. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for innovative, well-designed studies to improve causal inference and advance our understanding in the effects of breast milk and its components on offspring growth and body composition. The recommendations provided, along with careful consideration of both known and unknown factors that affect breast milk composition, will help improve, standardize, and ultimately advance this emergent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University
of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Camille R Schneider
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL
| | - Gregory Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL
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Deglaire A, De Oliveira SC, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Emily M, Ménard O, Bourlieu C, Dupont D. Impact of human milk pasteurization on the kinetics of peptide release during in vitro dynamic term newborn digestion. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1839-50. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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115
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Evidence for an antihypertensive effect of a land snail (Helix aspersa) by-product hydrolysate – Identification of involved peptides. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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116
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Vordenbäumen S, Saenger T, Braukmann A, Tahan T, Bleck E, Jose J, Schneider M. Human casein alpha s1 induces proinflammatory cytokine expression in monocytic cells by TLR4 signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1079-89. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vordenbäumen
- Medical Faculty, Department of Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit Rheumatology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thorsten Saenger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus; Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Achim Braukmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus; Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Tamara Tahan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus; Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Ellen Bleck
- Medical Faculty, Department of Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit Rheumatology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus; Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Medical Faculty, Department of Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit Rheumatology; Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
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117
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Arrutia F, Rubio R, Riera FA. Production and membrane fractionation of bioactive peptides from a whey protein concentrate. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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118
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119
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Gómez-Gallego C, Recio I, Gómez-Gómez V, Ortuño I, Bernal MJ, Ros G, Periago MJ. Effect of processing on polyamine content and bioactive peptides released after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of infant formulas. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:924-932. [PMID: 26686732 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of processing on polyamines and peptide release after the digestion of a commercial infant formula designed for children during the first months of life. Polyamine oxidase activity was not suppressed during the manufacturing process, which implicates that polyamine concentrations were reduced over time and during infant formula self-life. In gel electrophoresis, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of samples with reduced amount of enzymes and time of digestion shows an increase in protein digestibility, reflected in the increase in nonprotein nitrogen after digestion and the disappearance of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin bands in gel electrophoresis. Depending on the sample, between 22 and 87 peptides were identified after gastrointestinal digestion. A peptide from β-casein f(98-105) with the sequence VKEAMAPK and antioxidant activity appeared in all of the samples. Other peptides with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities were frequently found, which could have an effect on infant health. The present study confirms that the infant formula manufacturing process determines the polyamine content and peptidic profile after digestion of the infant formula. Because compositional dissimilarity between human milk and infant formula in polyamines and proteins could be responsible for some of the differences in health reported between breast-fed and formula-fed children, these changes must be taken into consideration because they may have a great effect on infant nutrition and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gómez-Gallego
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain.
| | - I Recio
- Department of Food Analysis and Bioactivity, Institute of Food Science, Spanish National Research Council (CIAL-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - I Ortuño
- Research and Development Department, Hero Spain S.A., 30820, Alcantarilla, Spain
| | - M J Bernal
- Research and Development Department, Hero Spain S.A., 30820, Alcantarilla, Spain
| | - G Ros
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - M J Periago
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
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120
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Goldsmith F, O'Sullivan A, Smilowitz JT, Freeman SL. Lactation and Intestinal Microbiota: How Early Diet Shapes the Infant Gut. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:149-58. [PMID: 26227402 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is a multifunctional biofluid that provides nutrients along with highly diverse non-nutritive bioactive components such as antibodies, glycans, bacteria, and immunomodulatory proteins. Research over the past decade has confirmed the essential role of breast milk bioactives in the establishment a healthy intestinal microbiota within the infant. The intestinal microbiota of an exclusively breastfed baby is dominated by several species of Bifidobacteria - the most influential member of which is Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) - and is referred to as the milk-oriented microbiome (MOM). MOM is associated with reduced risk of infection in infancy as well as a reduced risk of certain chronic illnesses in adulthood. Establishment and persistence of MOM is dependent on the selective digestion of complex sugar structures in breast milk that are otherwise indigestible to the infant by B. infantis and its relatives. This review focuses primarily on the influence of breast milk glycans and glycosylated proteins on the development of the intestinal microbiome, and how maternal phenotype may influence the development of MOM providing a framework to understand how variation in diet shapes a protective intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goldsmith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, 2.05 Science Centre, South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Samara L Freeman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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121
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Wada Y, Lönnerdal B. Bioactive peptides released by in vitro digestion of standard and hydrolyzed infant formulas. Peptides 2015; 73:101-5. [PMID: 26385395 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolyzed infant formulas serve as appropriate nutritional sources for infants afflicted with cow's milk allergy, and milk proteins in hydrolyzed formulas are industrially hydrolyzed extensively or partially. To investigate whether industrial hydrolysis may modulate the digestive trajectory of milk proteins, thereby releasing different profiles of bioactive peptides compared with standard formulas, both standard and hydrolyzed formulas were subjected to in vitro digestion and formation of bioactive peptides were compared. One standard, one extensively hydrolyzed, and one partially hydrolyzed infant formula were digested in vitro with pepsin and pancreatin, taking into account the higher gastric pH of infants, and the digesta were subjected to peptidomic analysis. The standard formula released a larger variety of bioactive peptides than from the hydrolyzed formulas, indicating that industrial hydrolysis of milk proteins may generally attenuate their indigenous bioactivities such as antibacterial, immuno-regulatory, and anti-oxidative activities. Conversely, industrial hydrolysis may facilitate the formation of bioactive peptides from hydrophobic proteins/regions such as β-LG and the "strategic zone" of β-CN, which encrypt bioactive peptides including a dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4-inhibitory, hypocholesterolemic, and opioid peptides. Infants fed hydrolyzed infant formulas may be influenced by milk protein-derived bioactive peptides in a manner different from those fed standard formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA; Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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122
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Bioactive properties of milk proteins in humans: A review. Peptides 2015; 73:20-34. [PMID: 26297879 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that milk protein consumption has benefits in terms of promoting human health. This review assesses the intervention studies which have evaluated potential health enhancing effects in humans following the ingestion of milk proteins. The impact of milk protein ingestion has been studied to asses their satiating, hypotensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and insulinotropic properties as well as their impact on morphological modifications (e.g., muscle and fat mass) in humans. Consistent health promoting effects appear to have been observed in certain instances (i.e., muscle protein synthesis, insulinotropic and hypotensive activity). However, controversial outcomes have also been reported (i.e., antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties). Several factors including interindividual differences, the timing of protein ingestion as well as the potency of the active components may explain these differences. In addition, processing conditions have been reported, in certain instances, to affect milk protein structure and therefore modify their bioactive potential. It is thought that the health promoting properties of milk proteins are linked to the release of bioactive peptides (BAPs) during gastrointestinal digestion. There is a need for further research to develop a more in-depth understanding on the possible mechanisms involved in the observed physiological effects. In addition, more carefully controlled and appropriately powered human intervention studies are required to demonstrate the health enhancing properties of milk proteins in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Nongonierma
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Richard J FitzGerald
- Department of Life Sciences and Food for Health Ireland (FHI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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123
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Effects of cow milk versus extensive protein hydrolysate formulas on infant cognitive development. Amino Acids 2015; 48:697-705. [PMID: 26497857 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Little research has focused on infant developmental effects, other than growth, of formulas that differ substantially in the form of protein. To examine development of infants fed formulas differing in free amino acid content, we randomized 0.5-month-old infants (n = 79) to either a control group who fed only cow milk formula (CMF) during the first 8 months (CMF8), or to one of two experimental groups: one experimental group fed extensively protein hydrolyzed formula (EHF) for 1-3 months during first 4.5 months (EHF1-3) of life, and the other fed EHF for 8 months (EHF8). The Mullen Scales of Early Learning were administered monthly from 1.5 to 8.5 months to assess fine (FM) and gross (GM) motor control, receptive (RL) and expressive (EL) language, visual reception (VR), and an early learning composite (ELC). Across the 5.5-8.5-month time period, when compared to CMF8 infants, GM scores in EHF1-3 infants averaged 1.5 points higher (95 % CI 0.1, 3.0) and in EHF8 infants 2.2 points higher (95 % CI 0.3, 4.0). Similarly, VR scores averaged 1.9 points higher (95 % CI 0.1, 3.8) in EHF1-3 infants and 2.2 points higher (95 % CI -0.2, 4.5) in EHF8 infants. EHF8 infants' RL scores averaged 1.8 points lower (95 % CI 0.1, 3.6) than CMF8 infants. These data suggest that the form of protein in infant formula may impact cognitive development and that the higher free amino acid content in breast milk may be a contributing factor to the differential cognitive development between breastfed and CMF-fed infants. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT00994747.
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124
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Tacoma R, Fields J, Ebenstein DB, Lam YW, Greenwood SL. Characterization of the bovine milk proteome in early-lactation Holstein and Jersey breeds of dairy cows. J Proteomics 2015; 130:200-10. [PMID: 26391770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Milk is a highly nutritious natural product that provides not only a rich source of amino acids to the consumer but also hundreds of bioactive peptides and proteins known to elicit health-benefitting activities. We investigated the milk protein profile produced by Holstein and Jersey dairy cows maintained under the same diet, management and environmental conditions using proteomic approaches that optimize protein extraction and characterization of the low abundance proteins within the skim milk fraction of bovine milk. In total, 935 low abundance proteins were identified. Gene ontology classified all proteins identified into various cellular localization and function categories. A total of 43 low abundance proteins were differentially expressed between the two dairy breeds. Bioactive proteins involved in host-defense, including lactotransferrin (P=0.0026) and complement C2 protein (P=0.0001), were differentially expressed by the two breeds, whereas others such as osteopontin (P=0.1788) and lactoperoxidase (P=0.2973) were not. This work is the first to outline the protein profile produced by two important breeds of dairy cattle maintained under the same diet, environment and management conditions in order to observe likely true breed differences. This research now allows us to better understand and contrast further research examining the bovine proteome that includes these different breeds. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Within the last decade, the amount of research characterizing the bovine milk proteome has increased due to growing interest in the bioactive proteins that are present in milk. Proteomic analysis of low abundance whey proteins has mainly focused on human breast milk; however, previous research has highlighted the presence of bioactive proteins in bovine milk. Recent publications outlining the cross-reactivity of bovine bioactive proteins on human biological function highlight the need for further investigation into the bovine milk proteome. The rationale behind this study is to characterize and compare the low abundance protein profile in the skim milk fraction produced from Holstein and Jersey breeds of dairy cattle, which are two major dairy cattle breeds in the USA. A combination of fractionation strategies was used to efficiently enrich the low abundance proteins from bovine skim milk for proteomic profiling. A total of 935 low abundance proteins were identified and compared between the two bovine breeds. The results from this study provide insight into breed differences and similarities in the milk proteome profile produced by two breeds of dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinske Tacoma
- The University of Vermont, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Julia Fields
- The University of Vermont, Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - David B Ebenstein
- The University of Vermont, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- The University of Vermont, Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Sabrina L Greenwood
- The University of Vermont, Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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125
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Egg white hydrolysates with in vitro biological multiactivities to control complications associated with the metabolic syndrome. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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126
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Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. The scientific evidence for the role of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides in humans: A Review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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127
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Protein hydrolysates from animal processing by-products as a source of bioactive molecules with interest in animal feeding: A review. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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128
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Antibacterial activity of bovine milk lactoferrin and its hydrolysates prepared with pepsin, chymosin and microbial rennet against foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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129
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Pasin G, Comerford KB. Dairy foods and dairy proteins in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:245-59. [PMID: 25979490 PMCID: PMC4424779 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.007690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide and costing the global economy hundreds of billions of dollars annually. This chronic disease damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of other cardiometabolic ailments such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. If left unmanaged it can also lead to nerve damage, kidney damage, blindness, and amputation. For the most part, many of these symptoms can be prevented or reduced through simple dietary modifications and proper nutrition. Therefore, identifying relatively inexpensive and easily implementable dietary modifications for the prevention and management of T2DM is of considerable value to human health and healthcare modalities around the globe. Protein-rich dairy products have consistently been shown in epidemiologic studies to be beneficial for reducing the risk of developing T2DM. The clinical evidence regarding both dairy foods and dairy proteins (i.e., casein and whey protein) have shown promise for improving insulin secretion in individuals with T2DM. However, the clinical research on dairy protein supplementation in subjects with T2DM has been limited to acute studies. These studies have been mostly descriptive and have not been focused on important T2DM endpoints such as prevention, management, or treatment. Long-term studies are clearly needed to help researchers and medical professionals better understand the effects of consistent dairy protein intake on the metabolic health of humans with T2DM.
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130
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LI XY, FANG X, REN HW, CHENG L, ZHANG T, FU GH, LIU N. Peptidome Analysis of Human Milk β-Casein in vitro Neonatal Digestive Model by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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131
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Augustin MA, Sanguansri L. Challenges and Solutions to Incorporation of Nutraceuticals in Foods. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2015; 6:463-77. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia; ,
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia; ,
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132
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Bioactive peptides released from in vitro digestion of human milk with or without pasteurization. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:546-53. [PMID: 25580741 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pasteurized donor human milk (HM) serves as the best alternative for breast-feeding when availability of mother's milk is limited. Pasteurization is also applied to mother's own milk for very low birth weight infants, who are vulnerable to microbial infection. Whether pasteurization affects protein digestibility and therefore modulates the profile of bioactive peptides released from HM proteins by gastrointestinal digestion, has not been examined to date. METHODS HM with and without pasteurization (62.5 °C for 30 min) were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, followed by peptidomic analysis to compare the formation of bioactive peptides. RESULTS Some of the bioactive peptides, such as caseinophosphopeptide homologues, a possible opioid peptide (or propeptide), and an antibacterial peptide, were present in undigested HM and showed resistance to in vitro digestion, suggesting that these peptides are likely to exert their bioactivities in the gastrointestinal lumen, or be stably transported to target organs. In vitro digestion of HM released a large variety of bioactive peptides such as angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory peptides. Bioactive peptides were released largely in the same manner with and without pasteurization. CONCLUSION Provision of pasteurized HM may be as beneficial as breast-feeding in terms of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides.
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133
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Lambers TT, Gloerich J, van Hoffen E, Alkema W, Hondmann DH, van Tol EA. Clustering analyses in peptidomics revealed that peptide profiles of infant formulae are descriptive. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 3:81-90. [PMID: 25648153 PMCID: PMC4304566 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prompted by the accumulating evidence on bioactive moieties of milk-derived peptides, novel methods were applied to compare the peptide composition among commercially available hydrolysate formulations and to determine batch-to-batch variations of protein hydrolysate products. Despite the availability of general methods to measure, for example, the degree of hydrolysis and peptide mass distribution at a high level, the objective of this study was to more qualitatively compare peptide sequences and composition. By a comprehensive approach combining peptidomics technologies and multivariate clustering analyses, the peptide profiles of different hydrolyzed milk protein formulations were compared. Moreover, peptide profiles of various hydrolysate batches that had been produced over a period of 5 years were included. Coupling of identified peptide sequences to the position in their corresponding milk proteins produced numerical datasets that subsequently were utilized for multivariate data analyses. These analyses revealed that batch-to-batch variation in the peptide profiles of a specific extensively hydrolyzed casein preparation was low. Moreover, extensive multivariate evaluations revealed that the peptide profiles of different commercially available hydrolyzed milk protein formulations provided a descriptive and distinct signature. Overall, the described methodology may contribute to the field of peptide research as observed dissimilarities in peptide profiles of similar products may be related to differences in their overall functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim T Lambers
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Radboud Proteomics Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dirk H Hondmann
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Af van Tol
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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134
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Sharp JA, Modepalli V, Enjapoori AK, Bisana S, Abud HE, Lefevre C, Nicholas KR. Bioactive Functions of Milk Proteins: a Comparative Genomics Approach. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:289-302. [PMID: 26115887 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of milk includes factors required to provide appropriate nutrition for the growth of the neonate. However, it is now clear that milk has many functions and comprises bioactive molecules that play a central role in regulating developmental processes in the young while providing a protective function for both the suckled young and the mammary gland during the lactation cycle. Identifying these bioactives and their physiological function in eutherians can be difficult and requires extensive screening of milk components that may function to improve well-being and options for prevention and treatment of disease. New animal models with unique reproductive strategies are now becoming increasingly relevant to search for these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Sharp
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, Australia,
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135
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Modepalli V, Kumar A, Hinds LA, Sharp JA, Nicholas KR, Lefevre C. Differential temporal expression of milk miRNA during the lactation cycle of the marsupial tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1012. [PMID: 25417092 PMCID: PMC4247635 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactation is a key aspect of mammalian evolution for adaptation of various reproductive strategies along different mammalian lineages. Marsupials, such as tammar wallaby, adopted a short gestation and a relatively long lactation cycle, the newborn is immature at birth and significant development occurs postnatally during lactation. Continuous changes of tammar milk composition may contribute to development and immune protection of pouch young. Here, in order to address the putative contribution of newly identified secretory milk miRNA in these processes, high throughput sequencing of miRNAs collected from tammar milk at different time points of lactation was conducted. A comparative analysis was performed to find distribution of miRNA in milk and blood serum of lactating wallaby. RESULTS Results showed that high levels of miRNA secreted in milk and allowed the identification of differentially expressed milk miRNAs during the lactation cycle as putative markers of mammary gland activity and functional candidate signals to assist growth and timed development of the young. Comparative analysis of miRNA distribution in milk and blood serum suggests that milk miRNAs are primarily expressed from mammary gland rather than transferred from maternal circulating blood, likely through a new putative exosomal secretory pathway. In contrast, highly expressed milk miRNAs could be detected at significantly higher levels in neonate blood serum in comparison to adult blood, suggesting milk miRNAs may be absorbed through the gut of the young. CONCLUSION The function of miRNA in mammary gland development and secretory activity has been proposed, but results from the current study also support a differential role of milk miRNA in regulation of development in the pouch young, revealing a new potential molecular communication between mother and young during mammalian lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Kumar
- />School of medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, Vic Australia
| | - Lyn A Hinds
- />CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Act 2601 Australia
| | - Julie A Sharp
- />School of medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, Vic Australia
| | - Kevin R Nicholas
- />School of medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, Vic Australia
| | - Christophe Lefevre
- />School of medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, Vic Australia
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Haig D. Troubled sleep: Night waking, breastfeeding and parent-offspring conflict. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 2014:32-9. [PMID: 24610432 PMCID: PMC3982900 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eou005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted sleep is probably the most common complaint of parents with a new baby. Night waking increases in the second half of the first year of infant life and is more pronounced for breastfed infants. Sleep-related phenotypes of infants with Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes suggest that imprinted genes of paternal origin promote greater wakefulness whereas imprinted genes of maternal origin favor more consolidated sleep. All these observations are consistent with a hypothesis that waking at night to suckle is an adaptation of infants to extend their mothers’ lactational amenorrhea, thus delaying the birth of a younger sib and enhancing infant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Haig
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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