101
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A critical review of microextraction by packed sorbent as a sample preparation approach in drug bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:1409-42. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is widely accepted as the most labor-intensive and error-prone part of the bioanalytical process. The recent advances in this field have been focused on the miniaturization and integration of sample preparation online with analytical instrumentation, in order to reduce laboratory workload and increase analytical performance. From this perspective, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) has emerged in the last few years as a powerful sample preparation approach suitable to be easily automated with liquid and gas chromatographic systems applied in a variety of bioanalytical areas (pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, environmental and food research). This paper aims to provide an overview and a critical discussion of recent bioanalytical methods reported in literature based on MEPS, with special emphasis on those developed for the quantification of therapeutic drugs and/or metabolites in biological samples. The advantages and some limitations of MEPS, as well as its comparison with other extraction techniques, are also addressed herein.
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102
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Chaves AR, Queiroz MEC. Immunoaffinity in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for determination of interferon α in plasma samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 928:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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103
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Cheregi M, Albu F, Udrescu Ş, Răducanu N, Medvedovici A. Greener bioanalytical approach for LC/MS–MS assay of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma with total replacement of acetonitrile throughout all analytical stages. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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104
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Jin YF, Chen N, Liu RQ, Zhang YP, Bai LY, Chen J. Rapid Preparation of Monolithic Molecular Imprinted Polymer Fiber for Solid Phase Microextraction by Microwave Irradiation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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105
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Kabir A, Furton KG, Malik A. Innovations in sol-gel microextraction phases for solvent-free sample preparation in analytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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106
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Kabir A, Holness H, Furton KG, Almirall JR. Recent advances in micro-sample preparation with forensic applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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107
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108
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. Clinical applications of fast liquid chromatography: a review on the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:54-79. [PMID: 23462623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing the medicine today is developing new therapies that enhance human health. To help address these challenges the utilization of analytical technologies and high-throughput automated platforms has been employed; in order to perform more experiments in a shorter time frame with increased data quality. In the last decade various analytical strategies have been established to enhance separation speed and efficiency in liquid chromatography applications. Liquid chromatography is an increasingly important tool for monitoring drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, liquid chromatography has played an important role in pharmacokinetics and metabolism studies at these drug development stages since its introduction. This paper provides an overview of current trends in fast chromatography for the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites in clinical applications. Current trends in fast liquid chromatographic separations involve monolith technologies, fused-core columns, high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The high specificity in combination with high sensitivity makes it an attractive complementary method to traditional methodology used for routine applications. The practical aspects of, recent developments in and the present status of fast chromatography for the analysis of biological fluids for therapeutic drug and metabolite monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies and bioequivalence studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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109
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Gou P, Kraut ND, Feigel IM, Star A. Rigid versus Flexible Ligands on Carbon Nanotubes for the Enhanced Sensitivity of Cobalt Ions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400113m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Gou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
- National
Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15236, United States
| | - Nadine D. Kraut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
| | - Ian Matthew Feigel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
- National
Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15236, United States
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110
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Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by headspace solid phase microextraction using a novel aluminum hydroxide grafted fused silica fiber followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Talanta 2013; 105:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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111
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Monteleone M, Naccarato A, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. A reliable and simple method for the assay of neuroendocrine tumor markers in human urine by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 759:66-73. [PMID: 23260678 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Homovanillic acid (HVA), vanylmandelic acid (VMA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are the metabolites of some catecholamines such as epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin and their quantification is used in the diagnosis and management of patients with neurocrine tumors. A novel approach in the assay of these biomarkers in human urine samples by solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS) is presented. A preliminary derivatization with ethyl chloroformate/ethanol was used and the corresponding derivatives were then extracted by SPME in immersion mode. The performance of five SPME fibers and three chloroformates were evaluated in univariate mode and the best results were obtained using the polyacrylate fiber and ethyl chloroformate. The variables affecting the efficiency of SPME analysis were optimized by the multivariate approach of "Experimental design" and, in particular, a central composite design (CCD) was applied. The optimum working conditions in terms of response values were achieved by performing analysis at room temperature with addition of NaCl (9.5%) and with an extraction time of 25.8 min. Identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by using a gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ MS) system in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition. An evaluation of all analytical parameters shows that the proposed method provides satisfactory results. Very good linearities were, in fact, achieved in the tested calibration ranges with correlation coefficient values >0.99 for all the analytes and accuracies and RSDs calculated for between-run and tested at concentrations of 1, 10, and 80 mg L(-1) were ranging from 91.3% to 106.6%, and from 0.5 to 8.9%, respectively. Moreover, the LOD values obtained can be considered very satisfactory (1.3, 0.046 and 24.3 μg L(-1) for HVA, VMA and 5-HIAA, respectively). The developed protocol represents, therefore, a simple, rapid and selective tool for assaying these acidic biomarkers in urine samples for neuroendocrine cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Monteleone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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112
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Abstract
New analytical platforms have been developed in response to the need for attaining increased peak capacity for multicomponent complex analysis with higher sensitivity and characterization of the analytes, and high-throughput capabilities. This review outlines the fundamental principles of target and comprehensive 2D LC method development and encompasses applications of LC–LC and LC × LC coupled to MS in bioanalysis using a variety of online analytical procedures. It also provides a rationale for the usage of the most employed mass analyzers and ionization sources on these platforms.
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113
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Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine by hollow-fiber liquid membrane-protected solid-phase microextraction based on sol–gel fiber coating. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 908:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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114
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Kataoka H, Ehara K, Yasuhara R, Saito K. Simultaneous determination of testosterone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva by stable isotope dilution on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:331-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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115
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Wen Y, Li J, Ma J, Chen L. Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2933-52. [PMID: 23019127 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CE is gaining great popularity as a well-established separation technique for many fields such as pharmaceutical research, clinical application, environmental monitoring, and food analysis, owing to its high resolving power, rapidity, and small amount of samples and reagents required. However, the sensitivity in CE analysis is still considered as being inferior to that in HPLC analysis. Diverse enrichment methods and techniques have been increasingly developed for overcoming this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in enrichment techniques containing off-line preconcentration (sample preparation) and on-line concentration (sample stacking) to enhancing sensitivity in CE for trace analysis over the last 5 years. Some relatively new cleanup and preconcentration methods involving the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, etc., and the continued use and improvement of conventional SPE, have been comprehensively reviewed and proved effective preconcentration alternatives for liquid, semisolid, and solid samples. As for CE on-line stacking, we give an overview of field amplication, sweeping, pH regulation, and transient isotachophoresis, and the coupling of multiple modes. Moreover, some limitations and comparisons related to such methods/techniques are also discussed. Finally, the combined use of various enrichment techniques and some significant attempts are proposed to further promote analytical merits in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research-YIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CAS, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, P. R. China
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116
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Kohler I, Schappler J, Rudaz S. Microextraction techniques combined with capillary electrophoresis in bioanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:125-41. [PMID: 22965532 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, many environmentally sustainable sample-preparation techniques have been proposed, with the objective of reducing the use of toxic organic solvents or substituting these with environmentally friendly alternatives. Microextraction techniques (MEs), in which only a small amount of organic solvent is used, have several advantages, including reduced sample volume, analysis time, and operating costs. Thus, MEs are well adapted in bioanalysis, in which sample preparation is mandatory because of the complexity of a sample that is available in small quantities (mL or even μL only). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful and efficient separation technique in which no organic solvents are required for analysis. Combination of CE with MEs is regarded as a very attractive environmentally sustainable analytical tool, and numerous applications have been reported over the last few decades for bioanalysis of low-molecular-weight compounds or for peptide analysis. In this paper we review the use of MEs combined with CE in bioanalysis. The review is divided into two sections: liquid and solid-based MEs. A brief practical and theoretical description of each ME is given, and the techniques are illustrated by relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Kohler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Bd d'Yvoy 20, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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117
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Cumulative solid phase microextraction sampling for gas chromatography-olfactometry of Shiraz wine. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:221-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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118
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A versatile cryo-focussing flow switching gas chromatography inlet for trace analysis of intractable compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1257:171-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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119
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Heaven MW, Nash D. Recent analyses using solid phase microextraction in industries related to food made into or from liquids. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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120
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Saraji M, Mehrafza N, Bidgoli AAH, Jafari MT. Determination of desipramine in biological samples using liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with in-syringe derivatization, gas chromatography, and nitrogen/phosphorus detection. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2637-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
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121
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Zeng J, Liu H, Chen J, Huang J, Yu J, Wang Y, Chen X. Octadecyltrimethoxysilane functionalized ZnO nanorods as a novel coating for solid-phase microextraction with strong hydrophobic surface. Analyst 2012; 137:4295-301. [PMID: 22858665 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have, for the first time, proposed an approach by combining self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and nanomaterials (NMs) for the preparation of novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coatings. The self-assembly of octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) on the surface of ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) was selected as a model system to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. The functionalization of OTMS on the surface of ZNRs was characterized and confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The OTMS-ZNRs coated fiber exhibited stronger hydrophobicity after functionalization, and its extraction efficiency for non-polar benzene homologues was increased by a factor of 1.5-3.6 when compared to a ZNRs fiber with almost identical thickness and façade. In contrast, the extraction efficiency of the OTMS-ZNRs coated fiber for polar aldehydes was 1.6-4.0-fold lower than that of the ZNRs coated fiber, further indicating its enhanced surface hydrophobicity. The OTMS-ZNRs coated fiber revealed a much higher capacity upon increasing the OTMS layer thickness to 5 μm, leading to a factor of 12.0-13.4 and 1.8-2.5 increase in extraction efficiency for the benzene homologues relative to a ZNRs coated fiber and a commercial PDMS fiber, respectively. The developed HS-SPME-GC method using the OTMS-ZNRs coated fiber was successfully applied to the determination of the benzene homologues in limnetic water samples with recovery ranging from 83 to 113% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbin Zeng
- State key laboratory of heavy oil processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
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122
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Wang VS, Chang TY, Lai CC, Chen SY, Huang LC, Chao KP. Application of solid phase microextraction on dental composite resin analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 903:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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123
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Farhadi K, Hatami M, Matin AA. Microextraction techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:972-89. [PMID: 22767149 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), as part of clinical process of medical treatments, is commonly used to maintain 'therapeutic' drug concentrations. TDM is useful to identify the causes of unwanted or unexpected responses, to prevent unnecessary diagnostic testing, to improve clinical outcomes, and even to save lives. The determination of drug concentration in blood samples requires an excellent sample preparation procedure. Recent trends in sample preparation include miniaturization, automation, high-throughput performance, on-line coupling with analytical instruments and low-cost operation through extremely low or no solvent consumption. Microextraction techniques, such as liquid- and solid-phase microextraction, have these advantages over the traditional techniques. This paper reviews the recent developments in microextraction techniques used for drug monitoring in serum, plasma or blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Farhadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Iran.
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124
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Abstract
The last two decades have provided analysts with more sensitive technology, enabling scientists from all analytical fields to see what they were not able to see just a few years ago. This increased sensitivity has allowed drug detection at very low concentrations and testing in unconventional samples (e.g., hair, oral fluid and sweat), where despite having low analyte concentrations has also led to a reduction in sample size. Along with this reduction, and as a result of the use of excessive amounts of potentially toxic organic solvents (with the subsequent environmental pollution and costs associated with their proper disposal), there has been a growing tendency to use miniaturized sampling techniques. Those sampling procedures allow reducing organic solvent consumption to a minimum and at the same time provide a rapid, simple and cost-effective approach. In addition, it is possible to get at least some degree of automation when using these techniques, which will enhance sample throughput. Those miniaturized sample preparation techniques may be roughly categorized in solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction, depending on the nature of the analyte. This paper reviews recently published literature on the use of microextraction sampling procedures, with a special focus on the field of forensic toxicology.
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125
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Dobos A, Hidvegi E, Somogyi GP. Comparison of Five Derivatizing Agents for the Determination of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Human Urine by Extractive Acylation and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2012; 36:340-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bks026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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126
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Riaño S, Alcudia-León MC, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urine by the combination of stir membrane liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2583-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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127
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Jamt REG, Gjelstad A, Eibak LEE, Øiestad EL, Christophersen AS, Rasmussen KE, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Electromembrane extraction of stimulating drugs from undiluted whole blood. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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128
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Abstract
Column switching techniques, using two or more stationary phase columns, are useful for trace enrichment and online automated sample preparation. Target fractions from the first column are transferred online to a second column with different properties for further separation. Column switching techniques can be used to determine the analytes in a complex matrix by direct sample injection or by simple sample treatment. Online column switching sample preparation is usually performed in combination with HPLC or capillary electrophoresis. SPE or turbulent flow chromatography using a cartridge column and in-tube solid-phase microextraction using a capillary column have been developed for convenient column switching sample preparation. Furthermore, various micro-/nano-sample preparation devices using new polymer-coating materials have been developed to improve extraction efficiency. This review describes current developments and future trends in novel column switching sample preparation in bioanalysis, focusing on innovative column switching techniques using new extraction devices and materials.
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129
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Caris JA, Silva BJG, Moisés ECD, Lanchote VL, Queiroz MEC. Automated analysis of lidocaine and its metabolite in plasma by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with LC-UV for pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:734-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juciene Aparecida Caris
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Bruno José Gonçalves Silva
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia Lanchote
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Costa Queiroz
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
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130
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Khalil KM, Khalaf MM, Mohran HS, Elsamahy AA. Direct formation of iron oxide/MCM-41 nanocomposites via single or mixed n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 368:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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131
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Critical overview of selected contemporary sample preparation techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:84-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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132
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Saito K, Ikeuchi R, Kataoka H. Determination of ochratoxins in nuts and grain samples by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1220:1-6. [PMID: 22177725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for the determination of ochratoxins A and B in nuts and grain samples was developed using an automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ochratoxins were separated within 5 min by high-performance liquid chromatography using an Inertsil ODS-3 column with 5mM anmonium acetate/acetonitrile (65/35, v/v) as the mobile phase. Electrospray ionization conditions in the positive ion mode were optimized for mass spectrometric detection of ochratoxins. The pseudo molecular ion [M+H](+) was used to detect ochratoxins with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The optimum in-tube SPME conditions were 20 draw/eject cycles of 40 μL of sample using a Carboxen-1006 PLOT capillary column as an extraction device. The extracted ochratoxins were easily desorbed from the capillary by passage of the mobile phase, and no carryover was observed. Using the in-tube SPME/LC-MS with SIM method, good linearities of the calibration curves (r=0.9993 for ochratoxin A and r=0.9989 for ochratoxin B) were obtained in the concentration range from 0.5 to 20 ng/mL. The detection limits (S/N=3) for ochratoxins A and B were 92 and 89 pg/mL, respectively. The in-tube SPME method showed above 15-19-fold greater sensitivity than the direct injection method (10 μL injection). The within-day and between-day precisions (relative standard deviations) were below 5.1% and 7.7% (n=6), respectively. This method was applied successfully to analysis of nuts and grain samples without interference peaks. The recoveries of ochratoxins spiked into extraction solution from nut samples were above 88%. Ochratoxins were detected at 0.7-8.8 ng/g levels in various nuts and grain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Saito
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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133
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Duan C, Shen Z, Wu D, Guan Y. Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction for on-site sampling and sample preparation. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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134
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Armenta S, Alcala M, Blanco M. A review of recent, unconventional applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Anal Chim Acta 2011; 703:114-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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135
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Gholivand MB, Abolghasemi MM, Fattahpour P. Polypyrrole/hexagonally ordered silica nanocomposite as a novel fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:174-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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136
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Detection of volatile compounds produced by microbial growth in urine by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). J Microbiol Methods 2011; 87:111-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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137
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138
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Locatelli M, Governatori L, Carlucci G, Genovese S, Mollica A, Epifano F. Recent application of analytical methods to phase I and phase II drugs development: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:283-300. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Luciana Governatori
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi ‘G. D'Annunzio’ Chieti-Pescara; Via dei Vestini 31; 66100; Chieti (CH); Italy
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139
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Mirnaghi FS, Chen Y, Sidisky LM, Pawliszyn J. Optimization of the Coating Procedure for a High-Throughput 96-Blade Solid Phase Microextraction System Coupled with LC–MS/MS for Analysis of Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6018-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh S. Mirnaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yong Chen
- Supelco Inc., 595 North Harrison Road, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Leonard M. Sidisky
- Supelco Inc., 595 North Harrison Road, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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140
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Dummer J, Storer M, Swanney M, McEwan M, Scott-Thomas A, Bhandari S, Chambers S, Dweik R, Epton M. Analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds in human health and disease. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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141
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Abstract
Details of the development of conventional analytical methods for the determination of drugs in pediatric plasma/serum samples via microassays are presented. Examples of the development of small-volume sampling and the use of the newer detection systems such as LC/MS/MS for enhanced detection are presented. Dried blood spot sampling has conventionally been used for the study of inborn errors of metabolism using Guthrie cards. Limited applications in the area of drug-level determination, for example, in therapeutic drug monitoring had been reported but the methodology had not been widely used up until relatively recently. In the last few years, there has been a resurgence of interest in this methodology for drug-level determinations, and examples of drug analysis in pediatric and neonatal patients where the small-volume samples are particularly useful are presented. The application of the methodology in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies is discussed. The utilization of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction in drug analysis is presented. Clinical applications of these methodologies are reported including the development of in vivo solid-phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Millership
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.
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142
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
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143
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KATAOKA H. Current Developments and Future Trends in Solid-phase Microextraction Techniques for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:893-905. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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144
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Lin L, Chen H, Wei H, Wang F, Lin JM. On-chip sample pretreatment using a porous polymer monolithic column for solid-phase microextraction and chemiluminescence determination of catechins in green tea. Analyst 2011; 136:4260-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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