101
|
Sun P, Su J, Wang X, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Gu H. Nucleic Acids for Potential Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1990-2008. [PMID: 35118863 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that severely affects the life quality of patients. Current therapeutics in clinic mainly focus on alleviating the development of RA or relieving the pain of patients. The emerging biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) require long-term treatment to achieve the expected efficacy. With the development of bionanotechnology, nucleic acids fulfill characters as therapeutics or nanocarriers and can therefore be alternatives to combat RA. This review summarizes the therapeutic RNAs developed through RNA interference (RNAi), nucleic acid aptamers, DNA nanostructures-based drug delivery systems, and nucleic acid vaccines for the applications in RA therapy and diagnosis. Furthermore, prospects of nucleic acids for RA therapy are intensively discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jingjing Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Hongzhou Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Rayego-Mateos S, Morgado-Pascual JL, Lavoz C, Rodrigues-Díez RR, Márquez-Expósito L, Tejera-Muñoz A, Tejedor-Santamaría L, Rubio-Soto I, Marchant V, Ruiz-Ortega M. CCN2 Binds to Tubular Epithelial Cells in the Kidney. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020252. [PMID: 35204752 PMCID: PMC8869303 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network-2 (CCN2), also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), is considered a fibrotic biomarker and has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for kidney pathologies. CCN2 is a matricellular protein with four distinct structural modules that can exert a dual function as a matricellular protein and as a growth factor. Previous experiments using surface plasmon resonance and cultured renal cells have demonstrated that the C-terminal module of CCN2 (CCN2(IV)) interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, CCN2(IV) activates proinflammatory and profibrotic responses in the mouse kidney. The aim of this paper was to locate the in vivo cellular CCN2/EGFR binding sites in the kidney. To this aim, the C-terminal module CCN2(IV) was labeled with a fluorophore (Cy5), and two different administration routes were employed. Both intraperitoneal and direct intra-renal injection of Cy5-CCN2(IV) in mice demonstrated that CCN2(IV) preferentially binds to the tubular epithelial cells, while no signal was detected in glomeruli. Moreover, co-localization of Cy5-CCN2(IV) binding and activated EGFR was found in tubules. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, live-cell confocal microscopy experiments showed that EGFR gene silencing blocked Cy5-CCN2(IV) binding to tubuloepithelial cells. These data clearly show the existence of CCN2/EGFR binding sites in the kidney, mainly in tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, these studies show that circulating CCN2(IV) can directly bind and activate tubular cells, supporting the role of CCN2 as a growth factor involved in kidney damage progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Raúl R. Rodrigues-Díez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaría
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Rubio-Soto
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Riley SE, Feng Y, Hansen CG. Hippo-Yap/Taz signalling in zebrafish regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:9. [PMID: 35087046 PMCID: PMC8795407 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of tissue regeneration varies widely between species. Mammals have a limited regenerative capacity whilst lower vertebrates such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater teleost, can robustly regenerate a range of tissues, including the spinal cord, heart, and fin. The molecular and cellular basis of this altered response is one of intense investigation. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the association between zebrafish regeneration and Hippo pathway function, a phosphorylation cascade that regulates cell proliferation, mechanotransduction, stem cell fate, and tumorigenesis, amongst others. We also compare this function to Hippo pathway activity in the regenerative response of other species. We find that the Hippo pathway effectors Yap/Taz facilitate zebrafish regeneration and that this appears to be latent in mammals, suggesting that therapeutically promoting precise and temporal YAP/TAZ signalling in humans may enhance regeneration and hence reduce morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna E Riley
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carsten Gram Hansen
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Nie X, Yu Q, Li L, Yi M, Wu B, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Han H, Yuan X. Kinsenoside Protects Against Radiation-Induced Liver Fibrosis via Downregulating Connective Tissue Growth Factor Through TGF-β1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:808576. [PMID: 35126163 PMCID: PMC8814438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.808576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver fibrosis (RILF) is a serious complication of the radiotherapy of liver cancer, which lacks effective prevention and treatment measures. Kinsenoside (KD) is a monomeric glycoside isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii, which has been reported to show protective effect on the early progression of liver fibrosis. However, the role of KD in affecting RILF remains unknown. Here, we found that KD alleviated RILF via downregulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) through TGF-β1 signaling. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 20 mg/kg KD per day for 8 weeks after a single 30Gy irradiation on the right part of liver, and tumor-bearing nude mice were administered with 30 mg/kg KD per day after a single fraction of 10Gy on the tumor inoculation site. Twenty-four weeks postirradiation, we found that the administration of KD after irradiation resulted in decreased expression of α-SMA and fibronectin in the liver tissue while had no adverse effect on the tumor radiotherapy. Besides, KD inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) postirradiation via targeting CTGF as indicated by the transcriptome sequencing. Results of the pathway enrichment and immunohistochemistry suggested that KD reduced the expression of TGF-β1 protein after radiotherapy, and exogenous TGF-β1 induced HSCs to produce α-SMA and other fibrosis-related proteins. The content of activated TGF-β1 in the supernatant decreased after treatment with KD. In addition, KD inhibited the expression of the fibrosis-related proteins by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF pathway, resulting in the intervention of liver fibrosis. In conclusion, this study revealed that KD alleviated RILF through the regulation of TGFβ1/Smad/CTGF pathway with no side effects on the tumor therapy. KD, in combination with blocking the TGF-β1 pathway and CTGF molecule or not, may become the innovative and effective treatment for RILF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Nie
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bili Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Han, ; Xianglin Yuan,
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Han, ; Xianglin Yuan,
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Angelini G, Mura G, Messina G. Therapeutic approaches to preserve the musculature in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: The importance of the secondary therapies. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112968. [PMID: 34883113 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are heterogeneous diseases, characterized by primary wasting of skeletal muscle, which in severe cases, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), leads to wheelchair dependency, respiratory failure, and premature death. Research is ongoing to develop efficacious therapies, particularly for DMD. Most of the efforts, currently focusing on correcting or restoring the primary defect of MDs, are based on gene-addition, exon-skipping, stop codon read-through, and genome-editing. Although promising, most of them revealed several practical limitations. Shared knowledge in the field is that, in order to be really successful, any therapeutic approach has to rely on spared functional muscle tissue, restricting the number of patients eligible for clinical trials to the youngest and less compromised individuals. In line with this, many therapeutic strategies aim to preserve muscle tissue and function. This Review outlines the most interesting and recent studies addressing the secondary outcomes of DMD and how to better deliver the therapeutic agents. In the future, the effective treatment of DMD will likely require combinations of therapies addressing both the primary genetic defect and its consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angelini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Mura
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Baek J, Lee KI, Ra HJ, Lotz MK, D'Lima DD. Collagen fibrous scaffolds for sustained delivery of growth factors for meniscal tissue engineering. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:77-93. [PMID: 34991339 PMCID: PMC8765117 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To mimic the ultrastructural morphology of the meniscus with nanofiber scaffolds coupled with controlled growth factor delivery to modulate cellular performance for tissue engineering of menisci. Methods: The authors functionalized collagen nanofibers by conjugating heparin to the following growth factors for sustained release: PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 and CTGF. Results: Incorporating growth factors increased human meniscal and synovial cell viability, proliferation and infiltration in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo; upregulated key genes involved in meniscal extracellular matrix synthesis and enhanced generation of meniscus-like tissue. Conclusion: The authors' results indicate that functionalizing collagen nanofibers can create a cell-favorable micro- and nanoenvironment and can serve as a system for sustained release of bioactive factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Baek
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kwang Il Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ho Jong Ra
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darryl D D'Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MS126, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 858 784 7816;
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Baghaei K, Mazhari S, Tokhanbigli S, Parsamanesh G, Alavifard H, Schaafsma D, Ghavami S. Therapeutic potential of targeting regulatory mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation in liver fibrosis. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:1044-1061. [PMID: 34952225 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a manifestation of different etiologies of liver disease with the involvement of multiple mediators in complex network interactions. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the central driver of hepatic fibrosis, given their potential to induce connective tissue formation and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation. Therefore, identifying the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the activation of HSCs is crucial in gaining mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives to more effectively target the disease. In addition to a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the role of HSCs in liver fibrosis, we also discuss here the proposed therapeutic strategies based on targeting HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Sogol Mazhari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Samaneh Tokhanbigli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Gilda Parsamanesh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Helia Alavifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Zhang Y, Luo J, Zhang Q, Deng T. Growth factors, as biological macromolecules in bioactivity enhancing of electrospun wound dressings for diabetic wound healing: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:205-218. [PMID: 34627847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is of the most conspicuous characteristics of diabetic mellitus. Reduced blood flow, chronic inflammatory reactions, infection, endothelial dysfunction, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, and metabolic disorders cause wounds to heal more slowly in these patients. Previous studies have reported useful impacts of growth factors in management of such wounds. However, due to their short half-life and low stability, a suitable delivery platform with sustained release profile may boost their healing potential. Controlled and localized delivery of growth factors via electrospun fibers have been extensively explored in previous studies. The electrospinning method; although not new, has turned out to be extremely effective for the preparation of delivery carriers for growth factors. Due to their structural resemblance to native tissues' extracellular matrix, high encapsulation efficacy, tunability, and high surface to volume ratio, electrospun scaffolds have gained significant attention in drug delivery and tissue engineering. In the current review, careful integration of current research regarding the applications of growth factors' delivery through electrospun fibers in diabetic wounds healing has been done. This review will not only give an insight into the current updates, but will also highlights the future perspectives and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwu Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingsong Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Yeger H, Perbal B. The CCN axis in cancer development and progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:491-517. [PMID: 33877533 PMCID: PMC8642525 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the authors first reviewed this subject in 2016 significant progress has been documented in the CCN field with advances made in the understanding of how members of the CCN family of proteins, CCN1-6, contribute to the pathogenesis and progression, positive and negative, of a larger variety of cancers. As termed matricellular proteins, and more recently the connective communication network, it has become clearer that members of the CCN family interact complexly with other proteins in the extracellular microenvironment, membrane signaling proteins, and can also operate intracellularly at the transcriptional level. In this review we expand on this earlier information providing new detailed information and insights that appropriate a much greater involvement and importance of their role in multiple aspects of cancer. Despite all the new information many more questions have been raised and intriguing results generated that warrant greater investigation. In order to permit the reader to smoothly integrate the new information we discuss all relevant CCN members in the context of cancer subtypes. We have harmonized the nomenclature with CCN numbering for easier comparisons. Finally, we summarize what new has been learned and provide a perspective on how our knowledge about CCN1-6 is being used to drive new initiatives on cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Yeger
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Research Institute, SickKids, Toronto, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Adapt to Chronic Tendon Disease Environment with an Initial Reduction in Matrix Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312798. [PMID: 34884602 PMCID: PMC8657831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon lesions are common sporting injuries in humans and horses alike. The healing process of acute tendon lesions frequently results in fibrosis and chronic disease. In horses, local mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) injection is an accepted therapeutic strategy with positive influence on acute lesions. Concerning the use of MSCs in chronic tendon disease, data are scarce but suggest less therapeutic benefit. However, it has been shown that MSCs can have a positive effect on fibrotic tissue. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the interplay of MSCs and healthy or chronically diseased tendon matrix. Equine MSCs were cultured either as cell aggregates or on scaffolds from healthy or diseased equine tendons. Higher expression of tendon-related matrix genes and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was found in aggregate cultures. However, the tenogenic transcription factor scleraxis was upregulated on healthy and diseased tendon scaffolds. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression and activity were highest in healthy scaffold cultures but showed a strong transient decrease in diseased scaffold cultures. The release of glycosaminoglycan and collagen was also higher in scaffold cultures, even more so in those with tendon disease. This study points to an early suppression of MSC matrix remodeling activity by diseased tendon matrix, while tenogenic differentiation remained unaffected.
Collapse
|
111
|
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 regulates transforming growth factor β1-connective tissue growth factor pathway in chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Immunol 2021; 234:108895. [PMID: 34826606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) has been identified as a crucial regulator in fibrotic disorders. Herein, we explored SGK1 role in tissue remodeling of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS Lentivirus was employed to generate an SGK1-overexpressing human bronchial epithelial cell (16HBE) line. To screen SGK1 downstream genes, RNA sequencing was performed on SGK1-overexpressing and control cell lines. To determine protein and gene expression levels, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were employed. Correlation analysis was performed using mRNA expression levels of SGK1, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) derived from CRS mucosal tissue and GEO database. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted using gene sets from Molecular Signatures Database. The severity of symptoms in CRS patients was assessed using the 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test. RESULTS SGK1 overexpression significantly increased the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in 16HBE cells (P < 0.01). Consistently, CTGF protein level was considerably greater in mucosal tissue of CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) than in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) (P < 0.05) or in control subjects (P < 0.01). TGF-β1 protein level was higher in mucosal tissue of CRSsNP patients than in CRSwNP patients (P < 0.001) or in the control group (P < 0.01). mRNA levels of SGK1 and CTGF (P < 0.05, r = 0.668; P = 0.001, r = 0.630), TGF-β1 and CTGF (P < 0.05, r = 0.560; P < 0.05, r = 0.420), as well as SGK1 and TGF-β1(P < 0.05, r = 0.612; P < 0.05, r = 0.524) were significantly correlated in CRS mucosal tissue and GSE36830 dataset, respectively. TGF-β1-induced upregulated genes were significantly enriched in SGK1 overexpression group. In vitro assays, TGF-β1 promoted SGK1 and CTGF expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Administrating an SGK1 inhibitor, GSK650394, significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression in 16HBE and dispersed primary nasal polyp cells. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 stimulation significantly increases SGK1 and CTGF expression. By regulating TGF-β1-CTGF pathway, SGK1 may participate in tissue remodeling in the pathological mechanism of CRS.
Collapse
|
112
|
Yanagihara T, Tsubouchi K, Gholiof M, Chong SG, Lipson KE, Zhou Q, Scallan C, Upagupta C, Tikkanen J, Keshavjee S, Ask K, Kolb MR. Connective-Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2) Contributes to TGF-β1-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:260-270. [PMID: 34797990 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0504oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease characterized by progressive and excessive accumulation of myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix in the lung. Connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF) exacerbates pulmonary fibrosis in radiation-induced lung fibrosis, and in this study, we demonstrate upregulation of CTGF in a rat lung fibrosis model induced by an adenovirus vector encoding active TGF-β1 (AdTGF-β1). We show that CTGF is also upregulated in patients with IPF. Expression of CTGF was upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from fibrotic lungs on days 7 and 14 as well as endothelial cells sorted from fibrotic lungs on days 14 and 28. These findings suggest contributions of different cells in maintaining the fibrotic phenotype during fibrogenesis. Treatment of fibroblasts with recombinant CTGF along with TGF-β increases pro-fibrotic markers in fibroblasts, confirming the synergistic effect of recombinant CTGF with TGF-β in inducing pulmonary fibrosis. Also, fibrotic extracellular matrix upregulated CTGF expression, compared with normal extracellular matrix, suggesting that not only profibrotic mediators, but also a profibrotic environment contributes to fibrogenesis. We also showed that pamrevlumab, a CTGF inhibitory antibody, partially attenuates fibrosis in the model. These results suggest that pamrevlumab could be an option for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 38305, Fukuoka, Japan.,McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahsa Gholiof
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sy Giin Chong
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Quan Zhou
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ciaran Scallan
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandak Upagupta
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jussi Tikkanen
- University of Toronto, 7938, Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- University of Toronto, 7938, Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kjetil Ask
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Rj Kolb
- McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, 62703, Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhou H, Zheng D, Wang H, Wu Y, Peng X, Li Q, Li T, Liu L. The protective effects of pericyte-derived microvesicles on vascular endothelial functions via CTGF delivery in sepsis. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:115. [PMID: 34784912 PMCID: PMC8594111 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that sepsis is a prevalent severe disease caused by infection and the treatment strategies are limited. Recently pericyte-derived microvesicles (PMVs) were confirmed to be therapeutic in many diseases, whether PMVs can protect vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury is unknown. METHODS Pericytes were extracted from the retina of newly weaned rats, and PMVs were collected after starvation and characterized by flow-cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. First, the effect of PMVs on pulmonary vascular function in septic rats was measured via intravenous administration with HE staining, immunofluorescence, and Elisa analysis. Then, PMVs were co-incubated with VECs in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and observed the protective effect of PMVs on VECs. Next, the proteomic analysis and further Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed to analyze the therapeutic mechanism of PMVs, and the angiogenesis-related protein CTGF was highly expressed in PMVs. Finally, by CTGF upregulation and downregulation in PMV, the role of PMV-carried CTGF was investigated. RESULTS PMVs restored the proliferation and angiogenesis ability of pulmonary VECs, and alleviated pulmonary vascular leakage in septic rats and LPS-stimulated VECs. Further study showed that PMVs delivered CTGF to VECs, and subsequently activated ERK1/2, and increased the phosphorylation of STAT3, thereby improving the function of VECs. The further study found CD44 mediated the absorption and internalization of PMVs to VECs, the anti-CD44 antibody inhibited the protective effect of PMVs. CONCLUSIONS PMVs may delivery CTGF to VECs, and promote the proliferation and angiogenesis ability by activating the CTGF-ERK1/2-STAT3 axis, thereby protecting pulmonary vascular function in sepsis. The therapeutic effect of PMVs was highly related to CD44-mediated absorption. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Danyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
- Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xiaoyong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Qinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No.10th Daping Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400038 China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Ku CW, Day CH, Ou HC, Ho TJ, Chen RJ, Kumar VB, Lin WY, Huang CY. The molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1182-1192. [PMID: 34761109 PMCID: PMC8565594 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The areca nut is one of the most commonly consumed psychoactive substances worldwide, with an estimated consumption by approximately 10% of the world’s population, especially in some regions of South Asia, East Africa, and the tropical Pacific. Arecoline, the major areca nut alkaloid, has been classified as carcinogenic to humans as it adversely affects various organs, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs. Earlier studies have established a link between areca nut chewing and cardiac arrhythmias, and yet research pertaining to the mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity caused by arecoline is still preliminary. The main purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that arecoline causes cardiac fibrosis through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad-mediated signaling pathways. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with low (5 mg/kg/day) or high (50 mg/kg/day) doses of arecoline for 3 weeks. Results from Masson’s trichrome staining indicated that arecoline could induce cardiac fibrosis through collagen accumulation. Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β and p-Smad2/3 protein expression levels were markedly higher in the arecoline-injected rat hearts than in those of the control rats. Moreover, arecoline upregulated other fibrotic-related proteins, including SP1-mediated connective tissue growth factor expression. Tissue-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 were upregulated, and the inhibitor of MMP9 was downregulated. This study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying arecoline-induced cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, the areca nut is a harmful substance, and the detrimental effects of arecoline on the heart are similar to that caused by oral submucous fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wen Ku
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Yuan Lin
- The Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Lu ZN, Shan Q, Hu SJ, Zhao Y, Zhang GN, Zhu M, Yu DK, Wang JX, He HW. Discovery of 1,8-naphthalidine derivatives as potent anti-hepatic fibrosis agents via repressing PI3K/AKT/Smad and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 49:116438. [PMID: 34610571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is one of the most common pathological consequences of chronic liver diseases (CLD). To develop effective antifibrotic strategies, a novel class of 1-(substituted phenyl)-1,8-naphthalidine-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. By means of the collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1)-based screening and cytotoxicity assay in human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX-2, seven compounds were screened out from total 60 derivatives with high inhibitory effect and relatively low cytotoxicity for further COL1A1 mRNA expression analysis. It was found that compound 17f and 19g dose-dependently inhibited the expression of fibrogenic markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP-2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) on both mRNA and protein levels. Further mechanism studies indicated that they might suppress the hepatic fibrogenesis via inhibiting both PI3K/AKT/Smad and non-Smad JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Furthermore, 19g administration attenuated hepatic histopathological injury and collagen accumulation, and reduced fibrogenesis-associated protein expression in liver tissues of bile duct ligation (BDL) rats, showing significant antifibrotic effect in vivo. These findings identified 1,8-naphthalidine derivatives as potent anti-hepatic fibrosis agents, and provided valuable information for further structure optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shang-Jiu Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Beijing Changping Technology Innodevelop Group, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Guo-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong-Ke Yu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ju-Xian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
TRIM proteins in fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112340. [PMID: 34678729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an outcome of tissue repair after different types of injuries. The homeostasis of extracellular matrix is broken, and excessive deposition occurs, affecting the normal function of tissues and organs, which could become prostrated in serious cases.Finding a suitable target to regulate the repair process and reduce the damage caused by fibrosis is a hot research topic at present. The TRIM family is number of one of the E3 ubiquitin ligase subfamilies and participates in various biological processes including intracellular signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, and immunity by regulating the ubiquitination of target proteins. For the past few years, the important role of TRIM in the occurrence and development of fibrosis has been gradually revealed. In this review, we focus on the recent emerging topics on TRIM proteins in the regulation of fibrosis, fibrosis-related cytokines and pathways.
Collapse
|
117
|
Ray SK, Ghosh N, Vitkin A. Diattenuation and retardance signature of plasmonic gold nanorods in turbid media revealed by Mueller matrix polarimetry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20017. [PMID: 34625628 PMCID: PMC8501131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) are finding increasing use in biomedicine due to their unique electromagnetic properties, optical contrast enhancement and biocompatibility; they also show promise as polarization contrast agents. However, quantification of their polarization-enhancing properties within heterogeneous turbid media remains challenging. We report on polarization response in controlled tissue phantoms consisting of dielectric microsphere scatterers with varying admixtures of GRNs. Experimental Mueller matrix measurements and polarization sensitive Monte-Carlo simulations show excellent agreement. Despite the GNRs’ 3D random orientation and distribution in the strong multiply scattering background, significant linear diattenuation and retardance were observed. These exclusive measurable characteristics of GNRs suggest their potential uses as contrast enhancers for polarimetric assessment of turbid biological tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kumar Ray
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Princess Margaret Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Nirmalya Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Alex Vitkin
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Princess Margaret Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Wang T, Zhou Z, Luo E, Zhong J, Zhao D, Dong H, Yao B. Comprehensive RNA sequencing in primary murine keratinocytes and fibroblasts identifies novel biomarkers and provides potential therapeutic targets for skin-related diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:42. [PMID: 34602061 PMCID: PMC8489068 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratinocytes and fibroblasts represent the major cell types in the epidermis and dermis of the skin and play a significant role in maintenance of skin homeostasis. However, the biological characteristics of keratinocytes and fibroblasts remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the gene expression pattern between keratinocytes and fibroblasts and to explore novel biomarker genes so as to provide potential therapeutic targets for skin-related diseases such as burns, wounds, and aging. METHODS Skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from newborn mice. To fully understand the heterogeneity of gene expression between keratinocytes and fibroblasts, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two cell types were detected by RNA-seq technology. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the known genes of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and verify the RNA-seq results. RESULTS Transcriptomic data showed a total of 4309 DEGs (fold-change > 1.5 and q-value < 0.05). Among them, 2197 genes were highly expressed in fibroblasts and included 10 genes encoding collagen, 16 genes encoding transcription factors, and 14 genes encoding growth factors. Simultaneously, 2112 genes were highly expressed in keratinocytes and included 7 genes encoding collagen, 14 genes encoding transcription factors, and 8 genes encoding growth factors. Furthermore, we summarized 279 genes specifically expressed in keratinocytes and 33 genes specifically expressed in fibroblasts, which may represent distinct molecular signatures of each cell type. Additionally, we observed some novel specific biomarkers for fibroblasts such as Plac8 (placenta-specific 8), Agtr2 (angiotensin II receptor, type 2), Serping1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G, member 1), Ly6c1 (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C1), Dpt (dermatopontin), and some novel specific biomarkers for keratinocytes such as Ly6a (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A) and Lce3c (late cornified envelope 3C), Ccer2 (coiled-coil glutamate-rich protein 2), Col18a1 (collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1) and Col17a1 (collagen type XVII, alpha 1). In summary, these data provided novel identifying biomarkers for two cell types, which can provide a resource of DEGs for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Enjing Luo
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jinghong Zhong
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Haisi Dong
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Bai Y, Yu T, Deng J, Yang Y, Tan J, Dai Q, Zhang Z, Dong S, Xu J. Connective Tissue Growth Factor From Periosteal Tartrate Acid Phosphatase-Positive Monocytes Direct Skeletal Stem Cell Renewal and Fate During Bone Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730095. [PMID: 34595178 PMCID: PMC8476870 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The periosteum is critical for bone healing. Studies have shown that the periosteum contains periosteal stem cells (PSCs) with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. PSCs are activated in early fracture healing and are committed to the chondrocyte lineage, which is the basis of callus formation. However, the mechanism by which PSCs are activated and committed to chondrocytes in bone regeneration remains unclear. Here, we show that tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive monocytes secrete CTGF to activate PSCs during bone regeneration. The loss function of TRAP-positive monocytes identifies their specific role during bone healing. Then, the secreted CTGF promotes endochondral ossification and activates PSCs in mouse bone fracture models. The secreted CTGF enhances PSC renewal by upregulating the expression of multiple pluripotent genes. CTGF upregulates c-Jun expression through αVβ5 integrin. Then, c-Jun transcription activates the transcription of the pluripotent genes Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Simultaneously, CTGF also activates the transcription and phosphorylation of Smad3 through αVβ5 integrin, which is the central gene in chondrogenesis. Our study indicates that TRAP-positive monocyte-derived CTGF promotes bone healing by activating PSCs and directing lineage commitment and that targeting PSCs may be an effective strategy for preventing bone non-union.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhong Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiulin Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qijie Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Zhang XY, Chang HM, Yi Y, Zhu H, Liu RZ, Leung PCK. BMP6 increases CD68 expression by up-regulating CTGF expression in human granulosa-lutein cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111414. [PMID: 34314740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are critical growth factors required for normal follicular development and luteal function. Cluster of Differentiation 68 (CD68) is an intraovarian marker of macrophages that plays an important role in modulating the physiological regression of the corpus luteum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BMP6 on the expression of CTGF and the subsequent increase in CD68 expression as well as its underlying mechanisms. Primary and immortalized (SVOG) human granulosa cells obtained from infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment were used as cell models to conduct the in vitro experiments. Our results showed that BMP6 treatment significantly increased the expression levels of CTGF and CD68. Using BMP type I receptor inhibitors (dorsomorphin, DMH-1 and SB431542), we demonstrated that both activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)2 and ALK3 are involved in BMP6-induced stimulatory effects on the expression of CTGF and CD68. Additionally, SMAD4-knock down reversed the BMP6-induced up-regulation of CTGF and CD68, indicating that the canonical SMAD signaling pathway is required for these effects. Moreover, CTGF-knock down abolished the BMP6-induced up-regulation of CD68 expression. These findings indicate that intrafollicular CTGF mediates BMP6-induced increases in CD68 expression through the ALK2/ALK3-mediated SMAD-dependent signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Yuyin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Rui-Zhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Effect of metformin treatment and its time of administration on joint capsular fibrosis induced by mouse knee immobilization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17978. [PMID: 34504209 PMCID: PMC8429753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint contracture leads to major patient discomfort. Metformin, one of the most extensively used oral drugs against type 2 diabetes has recently been found to suppress tissue fibrosis as well. However, its role in suppressing tissue fibrosis in joint contractures remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of metformin treatment in suppressing joint capsular fibrosis and the most effective time of its administration. Joint capsular fibrosis was induced by immobilizing the knee joints of mice using splints and tapes. Metformin was administered intraperitoneally every alternate day after immobilization. Histological and immunohistochemical changes and expression of fibrosis-related genes were evaluated. Metformin treatment significantly suppressed fibrosis in joint capsules based on histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Joint capsular tissue from metformin-treated mice also showed decreased expression of fibrosis-related genes. Early, but not late, metformin administration showed the same effect on fibrosis suppression in joint capsule as the whole treatment period. The expression of fibrosis-related genes was most suppressed in mice administered with metformin early. These studies demonstrated that metformin treatment can suppress joint capsular fibrosis and the most effective time to administer it is early after joint immobilization; a delay of more than 2 weeks of administration is less effective.
Collapse
|
122
|
Subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: current concepts, therapeutic avenues, and future perspectives. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:361-375. [PMID: 34477966 PMCID: PMC8975778 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive, degenerative disease of the human retina which in its most aggressive form is associated with the formation of macular neovascularization (MNV) and subretinal fibrosis leading to irreversible blindness. MNVs contain blood vessels as well as infiltrating immune cells, myofibroblasts, and excessive amounts of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens, fibronectin, and laminin which disrupts retinal function and triggers neurodegeneration. In the mammalian retina, damaged neurons cannot be replaced by tissue regeneration, and subretinal MNV and fibrosis persist and thus fuel degeneration and visual loss. This review provides an overview of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular AMD, by summarizing its clinical manifestations, exploring the current understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and discussing potential therapeutic approaches to inhibit subretinal fibrosis in the future.
Collapse
|
123
|
Zhang Y, Shi G, Zhang H, Xiong Q, Cheng F, Wang H, Luo J, Zhang Y, Shi P, Xu J, Fu J, Chen N, Cheng L, Li Y, Dai L, Yang Y, Yu D, Zhang S, Deng H. Dexamethasone enhances the lung metastasis of breast cancer via a PI3K-SGK1-CTGF pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:5367-5378. [PMID: 34272474 PMCID: PMC8413128 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex), as a pretreatment agent, is widely used to attenuate the side effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment. However, whether and how Dex affects breast cancer metastasis remain to be furtherly understood. In this study, we established several mouse breast cancer metastatic models to study the effect of Dex in vitro and in vivo. Transwell, Western Blot and RNA interference were applied to study the molecular mechanism of Dex in promoting breast cancer cell migration. Meanwhile, the effect of Dex on lung metastasis of breast cancer in Dex combined with PTX chemotherapy was discussed. Our results confirmed that Dex could promote breast cancer cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that this pro-metastatic effect of Dex was mediated by the GR-PI3K-SGK1-CTGF pathway in tumor cells. Ligation of Dex and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on tumor cells activated the PI3K signaling pathway and upregulated serum glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) expression, and then increased the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) through Nedd4l-Smad2. Moreover, Dex was the leading factor for lung metastasis in a standard regimen for breast cancer treatment with paclitaxel and Dex. Importantly, targeting SGK1 with the inhibitor GSK650394 remarkably reduced lung metastasis in this regimen. Our present data provide new insights into Dex-induced breast cancer metastasis and indicate that SGK1 could be a candidate target for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fuyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jieyan Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Pengyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiamei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dechao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Innovent Biologics, Inc, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
- Research Unit of Gene and Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Interplay between extracellular matrix components and cellular and molecular mechanisms in kidney fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1999-2029. [PMID: 34427291 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in renal structures. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in glomerular diseases as well as in the regeneration failure of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, finding antifibrotic therapies comprises an intensive research field in Nephrology. Nowadays, ECM is not only considered as a cellular scaffold, but also exerts important cellular functions. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in kidney fibrosis, paying particular attention to ECM components, profibrotic factors and cell-matrix interactions. In response to kidney damage, activation of glomerular and/or tubular cells may induce aberrant phenotypes characterized by overproduction of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, and thus contribute to CKD progression. Among ECM components, matricellular proteins can regulate cell-ECM interactions, as well as cellular phenotype changes. Regarding kidney fibrosis, one of the most studied matricellular proteins is cellular communication network-2 (CCN2), also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), currently considered as a fibrotic marker and a potential therapeutic target. Integrins connect the ECM proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and several downstream signaling pathways that enable cells to respond to external stimuli in a coordinated manner and maintain optimal tissue stiffness. In kidney fibrosis, there is an increase in ECM deposition, lower ECM degradation and ECM proteins cross-linking, leading to an alteration in the tissue mechanical properties and their responses to injurious stimuli. A better understanding of these complex cellular and molecular events could help us to improve the antifibrotic therapies for CKD.
Collapse
|
125
|
Rebolledo DL, Lipson KE, Brandan E. Driving fibrosis in neuromuscular diseases: Role and regulation of Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF). Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100059. [PMID: 34435178 PMCID: PMC8377001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor or cellular communication network 2 (CCN2/CTGF) is a matricellular protein member of the CCN family involved in several crucial biological processes. In skeletal muscle, CCN2/CTGF abundance is elevated in human muscle biopsies and/or animal models for diverse neuromuscular pathologies, including muscular dystrophies, neurodegenerative disorders, muscle denervation, and muscle overuse. In this context, CCN2/CTGF is deeply involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) modulation, acting as a strong pro-fibrotic factor that promotes excessive ECM accumulation. Reducing CCN2/CTGF levels or biological activity in pathological conditions can decrease fibrosis, improve muscle architecture and function. In this work, we summarize information about the role of CCN2/CTGF in fibrosis associated with neuromuscular pathologies and the mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate their expression in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L Rebolledo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Chile.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Yao S, Chen Z, Yu Y, Zhang N, Jiang H, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Zhang B. Current Pharmacological Strategies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689533. [PMID: 34490244 PMCID: PMC8417245 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked neuromuscular disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin protein, which is essential for muscle fiber integrity. Loss of dystrophin protein leads to recurrent myofiber damage, chronic inflammation, progressive fibrosis, and dysfunction of muscle stem cells. There is still no cure for DMD so far and the standard of care is principally limited to symptom relief through glucocorticoids treatments. Current therapeutic strategies could be divided into two lines. Dystrophin-targeted therapeutic strategies that aim at restoring the expression and/or function of dystrophin, including gene-based, cell-based and protein replacement therapies. The other line of therapeutic strategies aims to improve muscle function and quality by targeting the downstream pathological changes, including inflammation, fibrosis, and muscle atrophy. This review introduces the important developments in these two lines of strategies, especially those that have entered the clinical phase and/or have great potential for clinical translation. The rationale and efficacy of each agent in pre-clinical or clinical studies are presented. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of gene profiling in DMD patients has been performed to understand the molecular mechanisms of DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hewen Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Baoting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Chrysanthopoulou A, Gkaliagkousi E, Lazaridis A, Arelaki S, Pateinakis P, Ntinopoulou M, Mitsios A, Antoniadou C, Argyriou C, Georgiadis GS, Papadopoulos V, Giatromanolaki A, Ritis K, Skendros P. Angiotensin II triggers neutrophil extracellular traps release linking thromboinflammation with essential hypertension. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148668. [PMID: 34324440 PMCID: PMC8492353 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity and chronic inflammation are involved in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis leading to target organ damage in essential hypertension (EH). However, the role of neutrophils in EH is still elusive. We investigated the association between angiotensin II (Ang II) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in pathogenesis of EH. Plasma samples, kidney biopsies and surgical specimens of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) from EH patients were used. Cell-based assays, NETs/human aortic endothelial cells co-cultures and in situ studies were performed. Increased plasma levels of NETs and tissue factor (TF) activity were detected in untreated, newly-diagnosed, EH patients. Stimulation of control neutrophils with plasma from untreated EH patients generated TF-enriched NETs promoting endothelial collagen production. Ang II induced NETosis in vitro via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 and autophagy-dependent pathway. Circulating NETs and thrombin generation levels were reduced significantly in EH patients starting treatment with Ang II receptor blockers, whereas their plasma was unable to trigger procoagulant NETs. Moreover, TF-bearing NETotic neutrophils/remnants were accumulated in sites of interstitial renal fibrosis and in the subendothelial layer of AAA. These data reveal the important pathogenic role of Ang II/ROS/NETs/TF axis in EH, linking thromboinflammation with endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Arelaki
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Disease, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Ntinopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mitsios
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Antoniadou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Argyriou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George S Georgiadis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papadopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Skendros
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Li KN, Tumbar T. Hair follicle stem cells as a skin-organizing signaling center during adult homeostasis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107135. [PMID: 33880808 PMCID: PMC8167365 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are the essential source of building blocks for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Their behavior is dictated by both cell-intrinsic cues and extrinsic cues from the microenvironment, known as the stem cell niche. Interestingly, recent work began to demonstrate that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are not only passive recipients of signals from the surroundings, but also actively send out signals to modulate the organization and function of their own niches. Here, we discuss recent findings, and briefly refer to the old, on the interaction of HFSCs and their niches with the emphasis on the outwards signals from HFSCs toward their niches. We also highlight recent technology advancements that further promote our understanding of HFSC niches. Taken together, the HFSCs emerge as a skin-organizing center rich in signaling output for niche remodeling during various stages of adult skin homeostasis. The intricate crosstalk between HFSCs and their niches adds important insight to skin biology that will inform clinical and bioengineering fields aiming to build complete and functional 3D organotypic cultures for skin replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Voutilainen SH, Kosola SK, Lohi J, Jahnukainen T, Pakarinen MP, Jalanko H. Expression of fibrosis-related genes in liver allografts: Association with histology and long-term outcome after pediatric liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14373. [PMID: 34043847 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexplained graft fibrosis and inflammation are common after pediatric liver transplantation (LT). OBJECTIVE We investigated the graft expression of fibrogenic genes and correlated the findings with transplant histopathology and outcome. METHODS Liver biopsies from 29 recipients were obtained at a median of 13.1 (IQR: 5.0-18.4) years after pediatric LT. Control samples were from six liver-healthy subjects. Hepatic expression of 40 fibrosis-related genes was correlated to histological findings: normal histology, fibrosis with no inflammation, and fibrosis with inflammation. Liver function was evaluated after a subsequent follow-up of 9.0 years (IQR: 8.0-9.4). RESULTS Patients with fibrosis and no inflammation had significantly increased gene expression of profibrotic TGF-β3 (1.17 vs. 1.02 p = .005), CTGF (1.64 vs. 0.66 p = .014), PDGF-α (1.79 vs. 0.98 p = .049), PDGF -β (0.99 vs. 0.76 p = .006), integrin-subunit-β1 (1.19 vs. 1.02 p = .045), α-SMA (1.12 vs. 0.58 p = .013), type I collagen (0.82 vs. 0.53 p = .005) and antifibrotic decorin (1.15 vs. 0.99 p = .045) compared to patients with normal histology. mRNA expression of VEGF A (0.84 vs. 1.06 p = .049) was lower. Only a few of the studied genes were upregulated in patients with both fibrosis and inflammation. The gene expression levels showed no association with later graft outcome. CONCLUSIONS Altered hepatic expression of fibrosis-related genes is associated with graft fibrosis without concurrent inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silja H Voutilainen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja K Kosola
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Therapies Targeted at Non-Coding RNAs in Prevention and Limitation of Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling-Current Experience and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115718. [PMID: 34071976 PMCID: PMC8198996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and is a main cause of heart failure. This disease appears as a final point of atherosclerotic plaque progression, destabilization, and rupture. As a consequence of cardiomyocytes death during the infarction, the heart undergoes unfavorable cardiac remodeling, which results in its failure. Therefore, therapies aimed to limit the processes of atherosclerotic plaque progression, cardiac damage during the infarction, and subsequent remodeling are urgently warranted. A hopeful therapeutic option for the future medicine is targeting and regulating non-coding RNA (ncRNA), like microRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). In this review, the approaches targeted at ncRNAs participating in the aforementioned pathophysiological processes involved in myocardial infarction and their outcomes in preclinical studies have been concisely presented.
Collapse
|
131
|
Vanstapel A, Goldschmeding R, Broekhuizen R, Nguyen T, Sacreas A, Kaes J, Heigl T, Verleden SE, De Zutter A, Verleden G, Weynand B, Verbeken E, Ceulemans LJ, Van Raemdonck DE, Neyrinck AP, Schoemans HM, Vanaudenaerde BM, Vos R. Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Overexpressed in Explant Lung Tissue and Broncho-Alveolar Lavage in Transplant-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661761. [PMID: 34122421 PMCID: PMC8187127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important mediator in several fibrotic diseases, including lung fibrosis. We investigated CTGF-expression in chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Materials and Methods CTGF expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry in end-stage CLAD explant lung tissue (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), n=20; restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), n=20), pulmonary GHVD (n=9). Unused donor lungs served as control group (n=20). Next, 60 matched lung transplant recipients (BOS, n=20; RAS, n=20; stable lung transplant recipients, n=20) were included for analysis of CTGF protein levels in plasma and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at 3 months post-transplant, 1 year post-transplant, at CLAD diagnosis or 2 years post-transplant in stable patients. Results qPCR revealed an overall significant difference in the relative content of CTGF mRNA in BOS, RAS and pulmonary GVHD vs. controls (p=0.014). Immunohistochemistry showed a significant higher percentage and intensity of CTGF-positive respiratory epithelial cells in BOS, RAS and pulmonary GVHD patients vs. controls (p<0.0001). BAL CTGF protein levels were significantly higher at 3 months post-transplant in future RAS vs. stable or BOS (p=0.028). At CLAD diagnosis, BAL protein content was significantly increased in RAS patients vs. stable (p=0.0007) and BOS patients (p=0.042). CTGF plasma values were similar in BOS, RAS, and stable patients (p=0.74). Conclusions Lung CTGF-expression is increased in end-stage CLAD and pulmonary GVHD; and higher CTGF-levels are present in BAL of RAS patients at CLAD diagnosis. Our results suggest a potential role for CTGF in CLAD, especially RAS, and pulmonary GVHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Vanstapel
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Broekhuizen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tri Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annelore Sacreas
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Kaes
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias Heigl
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn E Verleden
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra De Zutter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Verleden
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Lung Transplant Unit, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J Ceulemans
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Thoracic Surgery University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E Van Raemdonck
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Thoracic Surgery University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne P Neyrinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Lung Transplant Unit, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Alshaer W, Zureigat H, Al Karaki A, Al-Kadash A, Gharaibeh L, Hatmal MM, Aljabali AAA, Awidi A. siRNA: Mechanism of action, challenges, and therapeutic approaches. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174178. [PMID: 34044011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to specific and compelling gene silencing, RNA interference (RNAi) is expected to become an essential approach in treating a variety of infectious, hemato-oncological, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative conditions. The mechanism of action of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is based on post-transcriptional gene silencing. siRNA molecules are usually specific and efficient in the knockdown of disease-related genes. However, they are characterized by low cellular uptake and are susceptible to nuclease-mediated degradation. Therefore, siRNAs require a carrier for their protection and efficient delivery into target cells. The current review highlights the siRNA-based mechanism of action, challanges, and recent advances in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Hadil Zureigat
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Arwa Al Karaki
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Ma'mon M Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Daftarian N, Baigy O, Suri F, Kanavi MR, Balagholi S, Afsar Aski S, Moghaddasi A, Nourinia R, Abtahi SH, Ahmadieh H. Intravitreal connective tissue growth factor neutralizing antibody or bevacizumab alone or in combination for prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in an experimental model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108622. [PMID: 34022176 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is released by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and detectable in proliferative membranes (PrMs). This experimental study was performed to investigate the mRNA and protein levels of both CTGF and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In addition, the effects of a single intravitreal injection of the safe dose of anti-CTGF or bevacizumab as monotherapy and in combination were evaluated. PVR was induced in the right eye of albino rabbits by intravitreal injection of cultured adult human RPE cells. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis of CTGF and VEGF-A were performed on whole eye tissue in the PVR model versus controls at different time points. In the next step, the PVR models were assigned to five groups. The monotherapy groups received a single intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml of anti-CTGF 100 μg/ml (final concentration of 6.6 μg/ml in the vitreous) or 0.03 ml of 25 mg/ml bevacizumab. In the combined group, the abovementioned amounts of anti-CTGF and bevacizumab were injected intravitreally from separate sites in one session. No antibody injection was performed in the control group. Intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml of control IgG (1 mg/ml of isotype matched) antibody was performed in the placebo group. After 2 weeks, histologic evaluation including, trichrome staining for collagen, immunostaining by anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin for myofibroblasts, and anti-collagen type-1 antibody on paraffin embedded anterior-posterior sections was done. In addition, fundus photography was performed for clinically equivalent PVR staging. Twenty-four hours following PVR induction, CTGF mRNA and protein levels increased five- and- three-fold compared to controls, respectively (P < 0.001). VEGF-A mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly after 72 h of PVR induction compared to controls (P < 0.05). Means of PrM thickness and myofibroblast cell counts significantly decreased in the anti-CTGF group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The mean area of collagen type-1 fibers of PrM in the mono- and combination therapy groups that received intravitreal anti-CTGF was significantly reduced (P < 0.001); in addition, mild PVR (stage-1 and 2) formation occurred in comparison with moderate to severe PVR (stage-4 and higher) in other groups. In conclusion, we found that intravitreal injection of CTGF neutralizing antibody resulted in a reduction in PrM thickness, collagen fibers and myofibroblast density in the PVR model. CTGF inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic target for PVR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narsis Daftarian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Baigy
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Suri
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Balagholi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasha Afsar Aski
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrooz Moghaddasi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nourinia
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Abtahi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Rebolledo DL, Acuña MJ, Brandan E. Role of Matricellular CCN Proteins in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on CCN2/CTGF and Its Regulation by Vasoactive Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5234. [PMID: 34063397 PMCID: PMC8156781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cellular Communication Network (CCN) family of matricellular proteins comprises six proteins that share conserved structural features and play numerous biological roles. These proteins can interact with several receptors or soluble proteins, regulating cell signaling pathways in various tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. In the skeletal muscle of mammals, most of the six CCN family members are expressed during embryonic development or in adulthood. Their roles during the adult stage are related to the regulation of muscle mass and regeneration, maintaining vascularization, and the modulation of skeletal muscle fibrosis. This work reviews the CCNs proteins' role in skeletal muscle physiology and disease, focusing on skeletal muscle fibrosis and its regulation by Connective Tissue Growth factor (CCN2/CTGF). Furthermore, we review evidence on the modulation of fibrosis and CCN2/CTGF by the renin-angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system of vasoactive peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Rebolledo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
| | - María José Acuña
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7810000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Niki Y, Kobayashi Y, Moriyama K. Expression pattern of transcriptional enhanced associate domain family member 1 (Tead1) in developing mouse molar tooth. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 40:119182. [PMID: 33984529 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is essential for determining organ size by regulating cell proliferation. Previous reports have shown that impairing this pathway causes abnormal tooth development. However, the precise expression profile of the members of the transcriptional enhanced associate domain family (Tead), which are key transcription factors mediating Yap function, during tooth development is unclear. In this study, among the four isoforms of Tead (Tead1 - 4), only the expression of Tead1 mRNA was observed using semiquantitative RT- PCR in murine developing tooth germ at E16.5. The expression level of Tead1 mRNA in the excised murine mandibular molar tooth germ was significantly higher at E16.5 than at other developmental stages, as determined using quantitative PCR. We found that the mRNA expression of connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), which is one of the Yap target genes directly controlling cell growth, changed consistently with that of Tead1 in developing molars. Fluorescent immunostaining revealed that Tead1 protein was expressed in both epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells of the dental lamina and dental epithelium, including the primary enamel knot during the cap stage. During the early bell stage (E16.5), Tead1 was expressed intensely in the inner and outer enamel epithelium, including the secondary enamel knot and the neighboring mesenchymal cells. Tead1 then specifically localized to the inner and outer enamel epithelium, which is responsible for enamel formation during the bell stage. These expression patterns were consistent with those of Yap, Taz, and Ctgf protein in developing molars. These results suggest that Tead1 acts as a mediator of the biological functions of Yap, such as the morphogenesis of cusp formation, during tooth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Niki
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yukiho Kobayashi
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Reungoat E, Grigorov B, Zoulim F, Pécheur EI. Molecular Crosstalk between the Hepatitis C Virus and the Extracellular Matrix in Liver Fibrogenesis and Early Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092270. [PMID: 34065048 PMCID: PMC8125929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the era of direct-acting antivirals against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), curing chronic hepatitis C has become a reality. However, while replicating chronically, HCV creates a peculiar state of inflammation and oxidative stress in the infected liver, which fuels DNA damage at the onset of HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This cancer, the second leading cause of death by cancer, remains of bad prognosis when diagnosed. This review aims to decipher how HCV durably alters elements of the extracellular matrix that compose the liver microenvironment, directly through its viral proteins or indirectly through the induction of cytokine secretion, thereby leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, ultimately, HCC. Abstract Chronic infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver diseases, predisposing to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis is characterized by an overly abundant accumulation of components of the hepatic extracellular matrix, such as collagen and elastin, with consequences on the properties of this microenvironment and cancer initiation and growth. This review will provide an update on mechanistic concepts of HCV-related liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and early stages of carcinogenesis, with a dissection of the molecular details of the crosstalk during disease progression between hepatocytes, the extracellular matrix, and hepatic stellate cells.
Collapse
|
137
|
Tam AYY, Horwell AL, Trinder SL, Khan K, Xu S, Ong V, Denton CP, Norman JT, Holmes AM, Bou-Gharios G, Abraham DJ. Selective deletion of connective tissue growth factor attenuates experimentally-induced pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105961. [PMID: 33662577 PMCID: PMC8111417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) is a matricellular protein which plays key roles in normal mammalian development and in tissue homeostasis and repair. In pathological conditions, dysregulated CCN2 has been associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and tissue fibrosis. In this study, genetic manipulation of the CCN2 gene was employed to investigate the role of CCN2 expression in vitro and in experimentally-induced models of pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Knocking down CCN2 using siRNA reduced expression of pro-fibrotic markers (fibronectin p < 0.01, collagen type I p < 0.05, α-SMA p < 0.0001, TIMP-1 p < 0.05 and IL-6 p < 0.05) in TGF-β-treated lung fibroblasts derived from systemic sclerosis patients. In vivo studies were performed in mice using a conditional gene deletion strategy targeting CCN2 in a fibroblast-specific and time-dependent manner in two models of lung disease. CCN2 deletion significantly reduced pulmonary interstitial scarring and fibrosis following bleomycin-instillation, as assessed by fibrotic scores (wildtype bleomycin 3.733 ± 0.2667 vs CCN2 knockout (KO) bleomycin 4.917 ± 0.3436, p < 0.05) and micro-CT. In the well-established chronic hypoxia/Sugen model of pulmonary hypertension, CCN2 gene deletion resulted in a significant decrease in pulmonary vessel remodelling, less right ventricular hypertrophy and a reduction in the haemodynamic measurements characteristic of PAH (RVSP and RV/LV + S were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in CCN2 KO compared to WT mice in hypoxic/SU5416 conditions). These results support a prominent role for CCN2 in pulmonary fibrosis and in vessel remodelling associated with PAH. Therefore, therapeutics aimed at blocking CCN2 function are likely to benefit several forms of severe lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Y Y Tam
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Amy L Horwell
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sarah L Trinder
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Korsa Khan
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Shiwen Xu
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Voon Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Jill T Norman
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Alan M Holmes
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - David J Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Wilson SE. TGF beta -1, -2 and -3 in the modulation of fibrosis in the cornea and other organs. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108594. [PMID: 33894227 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The TGF beta-1, -2 and -3 isoforms are transcribed from different genes but bind to the same receptors and signal through the same canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. There are numerous regulatory mechanisms controlling the action of each isoform that include the organ-specific cells producing latent TGF beta growth factors, multiple effectors that activate the isoforms, ECM-associated SLRPs and basement membrane components that modulate the activity and localization of the isoforms, other interactive cytokine-growth factor receptor systems, such as PDGF and CTGF, TGF beta receptor expression on target cells, including myofibroblast precursors, receptor binding competition, positive and negative signal transduction effectors, and transcription and translational regulatory mechanisms. While there has long been the view that TGF beta-1and TGF beta-2 are pro-fibrotic, while TGF beta-3 is anti-fibrotic, this review suggests that view is too simplistic, at least in adult tissues, since TGF beta-3 shares far more similarities in its modulation of fibrotic gene expression with TGF beta-1 and TGF beta-2, than it does differences, and often the differences are subtle. Rather, TGF beta-3 should be seen as a fibro-modulatory partner to the other two isoforms that modulates a nuanced and better controlled response to injury. The complex interplay between the three isoforms and numerous interactive proteins, in the context of the cellular milieu, controls regenerative non-fibrotic vs. fibrotic healing in a response to injury in a particular organ, as well as the resolution of fibrosis, when that occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Wilson
- The Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Kim SH, Lee JY, Yoon CM, Shin HJ, Lee SW, Rosas I, Herzog E, Dela Cruz CS, Kaminski N, Kang MJ. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein is crucial for the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00652-2020. [PMID: 33093124 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00652-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Danger signals, or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), instigate mitochondrial innate immune responses wherein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) functions as a key platform molecule to mediate them. The role of MAVS in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), however, has not yet been identified. Whether MAVS signalling can be modulated by currently existing drugs has also not been explored.We used an established model of pulmonary fibrosis to demonstrate that MAVS is a critical mediator of multiple DAMP signalling pathways and the consequent lung fibrosis after bleomycin-induced injury in vivoAfter bleomycin injury, MAVS expression was mainly observed in macrophages. Multimeric MAVS aggregation, a key event of MAVS signalling activation, was significantly increased and persisted in bleomycin-injured lungs. A proapoptotic BH3 mimetic, ABT-263, attenuated the expression of MAVS and its signalling and, consequently, the development of experimental pulmonary fibrosis. In contrast, the therapeutic effects of nintedanib and pirfenidone, two drugs approved for IPF treatment, were not related to the modulation of MAVS or its signalling. Multimeric MAVS aggregation was significantly increased in lungs from IPF patients as well.MAVS may play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, and targeting MAVS with BH3 mimetics may provide a novel and much needed therapeutic strategy for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jung Yeon Lee
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chang Min Yoon
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hyeon Jun Shin
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Dept of Medicine, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erica Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Zapata-Bustos R, Finlayson J, Langlais PR, Coletta DK, Luo M, Grandjean D, De Filippis EA, Mandarino L. Altered Transcription Factor Expression Responses to Exercise in Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:649461. [PMID: 33897458 PMCID: PMC8058368 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Insulin resistant muscle is resistant to gene expression changes induced by acute exercise. This study was undertaken to identify transcription factors that differentially respond to exercise in insulin resistance. Candidate transcription factors were identified from analysis of 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of exercise responsive genes and from analysis of the 5'-UTRs of genes coding for proteins that differ in abundance in insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty participants took part in this study. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by an euglycemic clamp. Participants were matched for aerobic capacity and performed a single 48 min bout of exercise with sets at 70 and 90% of maximum heart rate. Muscle biopsies were obtained at resting conditions, 30 min and 24 h after exercise. Global proteomics analysis identified differentially abundant proteins in muscle. The 5'-UTRs of genes coding for significant proteins were subjected to transcription factor enrichment analysis to identify candidate transcription factors. Q-rt-PCR to determine expression of candidate transcription factors was performed on RNA from resting and post-exercise muscle biopsies; immunoblots quantified protein abundance. RESULTS Proteins involved in mitochondrial function, protein targeting and translation, and metabolism were among those significantly different between lean and obese groups. Transcription factor enrichment analysis of genes coding for these proteins revealed new candidate transcription factors to be evaluated along the previously identified factors. Q-rt-PCR analysis of RNA and immunoblot analysis from pre- and post-exercise muscle biopsies revealed several transcription and growth factors that had altered responses to exercise in insulin resistant participants. A significant increase (EGR3 and CTGF) and decrease (RELA and ATF2) in the mRNA expression of transcription and growth factors was found after exercise in the lean group, but not in the obese participants. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm findings of an association between insulin sensitivity and transcription factor mRNA response to exercise and show that obesity also may be a sufficient prerequisite for exercise resistance. Analysis of the muscle proteome together with determination of effects of exercise on expression of transcription factors suggests that abnormal responses of transcription factors to exercise may be responsible for differences in protein abundances in insulin resistant muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Zapata-Bustos
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jean Finlayson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Moulun Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Lawrence Mandarino
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Center for Disparities in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Ren Z, Li J, Zhao S, Qiao Q, Li R. Knockdown of MCM8 functions as a strategy to inhibit the development and progression of osteosarcoma through regulating CTGF. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:376. [PMID: 33828075 PMCID: PMC8027380 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone derived from osteoblasts, which is a noteworthy threat to the health of children and adolescents. In this study, we found that MCM8 has significantly higher expression level in osteosarcoma tissues in comparison with normal tissues, which was also correlated with more advanced tumor grade and pathological stage. In agreement with the role of MCM proteins as indicators of cell proliferation, knockdown/overexpression of MCM8 inhibited/promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Also, MCM8 knockdown/overexpression was also significantly associated with the promotion/inhibition of cell apoptosis and suppression/promotion of cell migration. More importantly, mechanistic study identified CTGF as a potential downstream target of MCM8, silencing of which could enhance the regulatory effects of MCM8 knockdown and alleviate the effects of MCM8 overexpression on osteosarcoma development. In summary, MCM8/CTGF axis was revealed as critical participant in the development and progression of osteosarcoma and MCM8 may be a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shanwen Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510610, China.,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Runguang Li
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510610, China. .,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, 860000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
De Pieri A, Korman BD, Jüngel A, Wuertz-Kozak K. Engineering Advanced In Vitro Models of Systemic Sclerosis for Drug Discovery and Development. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000168. [PMID: 33852183 PMCID: PMC8717409 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex multisystem disease with the highest case-specific mortality among all autoimmune rheumatic diseases, yet without any available curative therapy. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic antifibrotic strategies that effectively decrease skin and organ fibrosis is needed. Existing animal models are cost-intensive, laborious and do not recapitulate the full spectrum of the disease and thus commonly fail to predict human efficacy. Advanced in vitro models, which closely mimic critical aspects of the pathology, have emerged as valuable platforms to investigate novel pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of SSc. This review focuses on recent advancements in the development of SSc in vitro models, sheds light onto biological (e.g., growth factors, cytokines, coculture systems), biochemical (e.g., hypoxia, reactive oxygen species) and biophysical (e.g., stiffness, topography, dimensionality) cues that have been utilized for the in vitro recapitulation of the SSc microenvironment, and highlights future perspectives for effective drug discovery and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Pieri
- Dr. A. De Pieri, Prof. K. Wuertz-Kozak, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), 106 Lomb Memorial Rd., Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Benjamin D Korman
- Prof. B. D. Korman, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Astrid Jüngel
- Prof. A. Jüngel, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
- Prof. A. Jüngel, Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Dr. A. De Pieri, Prof. K. Wuertz-Kozak, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), 106 Lomb Memorial Rd., Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Prof. K. Wuertz-Kozak, Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), Munich, 81547, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Zheng YC, Feng YL, Wang YH, Kong LJ, Zhou MS, Wu MM, Liu CY, Weng HC, Wang HW. Islet transplantation ameliorates diabetes-induced testicular interstitial fibrosis and is associated with inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway in a rat model of type 1 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:376. [PMID: 33760134 PMCID: PMC7985996 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation (IT) is considered the most effective endocrine replacement therapy for diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have demonstrated that IT can repair testicular structural injury caused by inflammatory and oxidative stress in a diabetic rat model. However, highly effective exogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs can achieve this effect. Testicular interstitial fibrosis caused by long-term hyperglycemia is however difficult to reverse or recover. Thus far, there are no effective drugs that prevent or relieve testicular interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the potential benefit of IT on testicular interstitial fibrosis induced by DM and its underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, Wistar rats were used to establish a DM model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic models then underwent IT or received insulin treatment after 12 weeks. IT was more effective than insulin treatment in ameliorating diabetic-induced testicular interstitial fibrosis, Leydig cells apoptosis, testosterone deficiency and poor sperm motility. IT and insulin treatment both significantly inhibited the upregulation of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad2 in DM, with IT being more effective than insulin. The present study's findings proved that IT effectively protects diabetic-induced testicular interstitial fibrosis probably by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway, which offers hope in male patients with DM complicating with testicular interstitial fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Cai Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ling Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Min-Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5160, USA
| | - Hua-Chun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Jia Q, Xu B, Zhang Y, Ali A, Liao X. CCN Family Proteins in Cancer: Insight Into Their Structures and Coordination Role in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Genet 2021; 12:649387. [PMID: 33833779 PMCID: PMC8021874 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), triggers a variety of critical signaling pathways and promotes the malignant progression of cancer. The success rate of cancer therapy through targeting single molecule of this crosstalk may be extremely low, whereas co-targeting multiple components could be complicated design and likely to have more side effects. The six members of cellular communication network (CCN) family proteins are scaffolding proteins that may govern the TME, and several studies have shown targeted therapy of CCN family proteins may be effective for the treatment of cancer. CCN protein family shares similar structures, and they mutually reinforce and neutralize each other to serve various roles that are tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by the TME. Here, we review the current knowledge on the structures and roles of CCN proteins in different types of cancer. We also analyze CCN mRNA expression, and reasons for its diverse relationship to prognosis in different cancers. In this review, we conclude that the discrepant functions of CCN proteins in different types of cancer are attributed to diverse TME and CCN truncated isoforms, and speculate that targeting CCN proteins to rebalance the TME could be a potent anti-cancer strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingan Jia
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Binghui Xu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Liao
- Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Bauer B, Liedtke D, Jarzina S, Stammler E, Kreisel K, Lalomia V, Diefenbacher M, Klopocki E, Mally A. Exploration of zebrafish larvae as an alternative whole-animal model for nephrotoxicity testing. Toxicol Lett 2021; 344:69-81. [PMID: 33722575 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to an increasing demand for testing of new and existing chemicals and legal restrictions for the use of animals, there is a strong need for alternative approaches to assess systemic toxicity. Embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly recognized as a promising alternative whole-animal model that may be able to overcome limitations of cell-based in vitro assays and bridge the gap between high-throughput in vitro screening and low-throughput in vivo tests in animals. Despite the relatively simple anatomical structure of the zebrafish larval kidney (pronephros) - composed of only two nephrons - the pronephros shares major functions and cell types with mammalian nephrons. Glomerular filtration begins at 48 h post fertilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate if early zebrafish larvae might be a suitable model for nephrotoxicity testing. On day 3 post fertilization, larval zebrafish were treated with selected nephrotoxins (aristolochic acid, cadmium chloride, potassium bromate, ochratoxin A, gentamicin) for 48 h. Histological evaluation of zebrafish larvae exposed to model nephrotoxins revealed tubule injury as evidenced by dilated tubules with loss of the brush border, tubule cell necrosis and disorganization of the tubular epithelium. These changes were most severe after treatment with gentamicin, which also impaired pronephros function as evidenced by reduced clearance of FITC-dextran. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showing loss of cdh17 expression revealed site-specific injury to the proximal tubule segment. Analysis of genes previously identified as novel biomarkers of kidney injury in mammals showed upregulation of the kidney injury marker genes heme oxygenase 1 (hmox1), clusterin (clu), secreted phosphoprotein/osteopontin (spp1), connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) and kim-1 (havcr-1) in response to nephrotoxin treatment, although the response of individual genes varied across compounds. Consistent with the severity of lesions and impaired kidney function, the most prominent gene expression changes occurred in larvae exposed to gentamicin. Overall, our results suggest that larval zebrafish may be a suitable alternative model organism for nephrotoxicity screening, yet further improvements and integration with quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation will be needed to predict human toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bauer
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Liedtke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarzina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emilia Stammler
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kreisel
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viola Lalomia
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Klopocki
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Leguit RJ, Raymakers RAP, Hebeda KM, Goldschmeding R. CCN2 (Cellular Communication Network factor 2) in the bone marrow microenvironment, normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:25-56. [PMID: 33428075 PMCID: PMC7798015 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN2, formerly termed Connective Tissue Growth Factor, is a protein belonging to the Cellular Communication Network (CCN)-family of secreted extracellular matrix-associated proteins. As a matricellular protein it is mainly considered to be active as a modifier of signaling activity of several different signaling pathways and as an orchestrator of their cross-talk. Furthermore, CCN2 and its fragments have been implicated in the regulation of a multitude of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, cell survival, apoptosis and the production of extracellular matrix products, as well as in more complex processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, fibrosis, mechanotransduction and inflammation. Its function is complex and context dependent, depending on cell type, state of differentiation and microenvironmental context. CCN2 plays a role in many diseases, especially those associated with fibrosis, but has also been implicated in many different forms of cancer. In the bone marrow (BM), CCN2 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). CCN2 is important for MSC function, supporting its proliferation, migration and differentiation. In addition, stromal CCN2 supports the maintenance and longtime survival of hematopoietic stem cells, and in the presence of interleukin 7, stimulates the differentiation of pro-B lymphocytes into pre-B lymphocytes. Overexpression of CCN2 is seen in the majority of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias, especially in certain cytogenetic subgroups associated with poor outcome. In acute myeloid leukemia, CCN2 expression is increased in MSCs, which has been associated with leukemic engraftment in vivo. In this review, the complex function of CCN2 in the BM microenvironment and in normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis is discussed. In addition, an overview is given of data on the remaining CCN family members regarding normal and malignant hematopoiesis, having many similarities and some differences in their function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roos J. Leguit
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04-312, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. P. Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, UMCU Cancer Center, Heidelberglaan 100 B02.226, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konnie M. Hebeda
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Chandra S, Ehrlich KC, Lacey M, Baribault C, Ehrlich M. Epigenetics and expression of key genes associated with cardiac fibrosis: NLRP3, MMP2, MMP9, CCN2/CTGF and AGT. Epigenomics 2021; 13:219-234. [PMID: 33538177 PMCID: PMC7907962 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Excessive inflammatory signaling and pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix drive cardiac fibrosis and require changes in gene expression. Materials and methods: Using bioinformatics, both tissue-specific expression profiles and epigenomic profiles of some genes critical for cardiac fibrosis were examined, namely, NLRP3, MMP2, MMP9, CCN2/CTGF, AGT (encodes angiotensin II precursors) and hsa-mir-223 (post-transcriptionally regulates NLRP3). Results: In monocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts, venous cells, liver and brain, enhancers or super-enhancers were found that correlate with high expression of these genes. One enhancer extended into a silent gene neighbor. These enhancers harbored tissue-specific foci of DNA hypomethylation, open chromatin and transcription factor binding. Conclusions: This study identified previously undescribed enhancers containing hypomethylated transcription factor binding subregions that are predicted to regulate expression of these cardiac fibrosis-inducing genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Chandra
- Tulane Research Innovation for Arrhythmia Discoveries, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Kenneth C Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics & Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michelle Lacey
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Carl Baribault
- Center for Research & Scientific Computing, Tulane University Information Technology, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics & Genomics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abstract
The myocardium consists of different cell types, of which endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts are the most abundant. Communication between these different cell types, also called paracrine signaling, is essential for normal cardiac function, but also important in cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Systematic studies on the expression of ligands and their corresponding receptors in different cell types showed that for 60% of the expressed ligands in a particular cell, the receptor is also expressed. The fact that many ligand-receptor pairs are present in most cells, including the major cell types in the heart, indicates that autocrine signaling is a widespread phenomenon. Autocrine signaling in cardiac remodeling and heart failure is involved in all pathophysiological mechanisms generally observed: hypertrophy, fibrosis, angiogenesis, cell survival, and inflammation. Herein, we review ligand-receptor pairs present in the major cardiac cell types based on RNA-sequencing expression databases, and we review current literature on extracellular signaling proteins with an autocrine function in the heart; these include C-type natriuretic peptide, fibroblast growth factors 2, F21, and 23, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, heparin binding-epidermal growth factor, angiopoietin-like protein 2, leptin, adiponectin, follistatin-like 1, apelin, neuregulin 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β, wingless-type integration site family, member 1-induced secreted protein-1, interleukin 11, connective tissue growth factor/cellular communication network factor, and calcitonin gene‒related peptide. The large number of autocrine signaling factors that have been studied in the literature supports the concept that autocrine signaling is an essential part of myocardial biology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F. M. Segers
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital AntwerpEdegemBelgium
| | - Gilles W. De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of PhysiopharmacologyUniversity of AntwerpBelgium
- Department of CardiologyZNA HospitalAntwerpBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Tana W, Noryung T, Burton GJ, van Patot MT, Ri-Li G. Protective Effects from the Ischemic/Hypoxic Stress Induced by Labor in the High-Altitude Tibetan Placenta. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:659-664. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
150
|
Shu H, Peng Y, Hang W, Zhou N, Wang DW. Trimetazidine in Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:569132. [PMID: 33597865 PMCID: PMC7883591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a systemic syndrome caused by multiple pathological factors. Current treatments do not have satisfactory outcomes. Several basic studies have revealed the protective effect of trimetazidine on the heart, not only by metabolism modulation but also by relieving myocardial apoptosis, fibrosis, autophagy, and inflammation. Clinical studies have consistently indicated that trimetazidine acts as an adjunct to conventional treatments and improves the symptoms of heart failure. This review summarizes the basic pathological changes in the myocardium, with an emphasis on the alteration of cardiac metabolism in the development of heart failure. The clinical application of trimetazidine in heart failure and the mechanism of its protective effects on the myocardium are carefully discussed, as well as its main adverse effects. The intention of this review is to highlight this treatment as an effective alternative against heart failure and provide additional perspectives for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Shu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|