101
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Ellakany HF, Elbestawy AR, Abd El-Hamid HS, Zedan RE, Gado AR, Taha AE, Soliman MA, Abd El-Hack ME, Swelum AA, Saadeldin IM, Ba-Awadh H, Hussein EOS. Role of Pigeons in the Transmission of Avian Avulavirus (Newcastle Disease-Genotype VIId) to Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060338. [PMID: 31185682 PMCID: PMC6617408 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newcastle disease is an acute fatal disease of poultry. All broiler chickens and 8/15 pigeons were killed when infected intramuscularly (IM), while 7/10 chickens and only 1/15 pigeons were killed when infected intranasally (IN) with the virus in an experimental setting. Chickens in contact with infected pigeons developed severe respiratory, digestive and nervous signs. The mortality rates in chickens in contact with IM and IN infected pigeons were 2/5 and 3/5, respectively. Chickens in contact with IM infected pigeons had higher viral shedding titres than those in contact with IN infected pigeons. Free-range pigeons are considered an efficient carrier and transmitter of NDV-VIId to commercial broiler chickens raised in open houses. Abstract Newcastle disease is an acute fatal disease of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of the transmission of avian avulavirus (velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease-genotype VIId) from either intramuscularly (IM)- or intranasally (IN) infected 8-week-old Egyptian Baladi pigeons in contact with commercial Arbor Acres broiler chickens (4 weeks of age). The mortality of IM infected chickens and pigeons was 10/10 for chickens and 8/15 for pigeons, while the mortality of IN infected chickens and pigeons was 7/10 for chickens and only 1/15 for pigeons. The concentration of viral shedding in the oropharynx was higher than that in the cloaca for both IN and IM infected pigeons. Pigeons infected IN continued shedding the virus from the oropharynx from the 4th day post-infection (dpi) up to the 16th dpi, while IM infected pigeons stopped oropharyngeal shedding at the 11th dpi. Chickens in contact with infected pigeons developed severe respiratory, digestive and nervous signs. The mortality rates in chickens in contact with IM and IN infected pigeons were 2/5 and 3/5, respectively. Chickens in contact with IM infected pigeons showed higher viral shedding titres in both the oropharynx and cloaca than chickens in contact with pigeons infected IN. In conclusion, free-range pigeons are considered an efficient carrier and transmitter of NDV-VIId compared to commercial broiler chickens raised in open houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany F Ellakany
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt.
| | - Hatem S Abd El-Hamid
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt.
| | - Rasha E Zedan
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Gado
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Beheira, Rasheed, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Soliman
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Hani Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elsayed O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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102
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Ferreira HL, Taylor TL, Dimitrov KM, Sabra M, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. Virulent Newcastle disease viruses from chicken origin are more pathogenic and transmissible to chickens than viruses normally maintained in wild birds. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:25-34. [PMID: 31282376 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Five, class II, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) isolates of different genotypes from different host species were evaluated for their ability to infect, cause disease, and transmit to naïve chickens. Groups of five birds received a low, medium, or high dose, by the oculonasal route, of one of the following vNDV: three chicken-origin, one cormorant-origin, and one pigeon-origin. Three naïve birds were added to each group at two days post-inoculation (DPI) to evaluate transmission. Virus shedding was quantified from swabs (2/4/7 DPI), and seroconversion was evaluated at 14 DPI. All inoculated and contact birds in the chicken-origin vNDV groups succumbed to infection, displaying clinical signs typical of Newcastle disease and shed virus titers above 6 log10 EID50/ml. Birds receiving a high and medium dose of the cormorant virus showed primarily neurological clinical signs with 80% and 60% mortality, respectively. The chickens showing clinical disease shed virus at titers below 4 log10 EID50/ml, and the remaining bird in the high dose group seroconverted with a high HI titer. For the pigeon-origin virus, no clinical signs were observed in any of the birds, but all 5 chickens in the high challenge dose and one bird in the medium challenge group shed virus at mean titers of 3.1 and 2.2 log10 EID50/ml, respectively. Overall, the chicken-origin viruses infected chickens and efficiently transmitted to naïve birds, while the cormorant- and pigeon-origin viruses infected chickens only at the higher doses and did not transmit to other birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Ferreira
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 30605, Athens, GA, USA; University of Sao Paulo, ZMV- FZEA, Pirassununga, SP, 13635900, Brazil
| | - Tonya L Taylor
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 30605, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 30605, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Sabra
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University,Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 30605, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David L Suarez
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 30605, Athens, GA, USA.
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103
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Welch CN, Shittu I, Abolnik C, Solomon P, Dimitrov KM, Taylor TL, Williams-Coplin D, Goraichuk IV, Meseko CA, Ibu JO, Gado DA, Joannis TM, Afonso CL. Genomic comparison of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Nigeria between 2002 and 2015 reveals circulation of highly diverse genotypes and spillover into wild birds. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2031-2047. [PMID: 31123963 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has a wide avian host range and a high degree of genetic variability, and virulent strains cause Newcastle disease (ND), a worldwide concern for poultry health. Although NDV has been studied in Nigeria, genetic information about the viruses involved in the endemicity of the disease and the transmission that likely occurs at the poultry-wildlife interface is still largely incomplete. Next-generation and Sanger sequencing was performed to provide complete (n = 73) and partial genomic sequence data (n = 38) for NDV isolates collected from domestic and wild birds in Nigeria during 2002-2015, including the first complete genome sequences of genotype IV and subgenotype VIh from the African continent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that viruses of seven different genotypes circulated in that period, demonstrating high genetic diversity of NDV for a single country. In addition, a high degree of similarity between NDV isolates from domestic and wild birds was observed, suggesting that spillovers had occurred, including to three species that had not previously been shown to be susceptible to NDV infection. Furthermore, the first spillover of a mesogenic Komarov vaccine virus is documented, suggesting a previous spillover and evolution of this virus. The similarities between viruses from poultry and multiple bird species and the lack of evidence for host adaptation in codon usage suggest that transmission of NDV between poultry and non-poultry birds occurred recently. This is especially significant when considering that some viruses were isolated from species of conservation concern. The high diversity of NDV observed in both domestic and wild birds in Nigeria emphasizes the need for active surveillance and epidemiology of NDV in all bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine N Welch
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Ponman Solomon
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.,Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Tonya L Taylor
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Iryna V Goraichuk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Clement A Meseko
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John O Ibu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas A Gado
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.,Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Tony M Joannis
- National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01 Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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104
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Enhanced phylogenetic resolution of Newcastle disease outbreaks using complete viral genome sequences from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Virus Genes 2019; 55:502-512. [PMID: 31089865 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes Newcastle disease (ND), which is a threat to poultry production worldwide. Effective disease management requires approaches to accurately determine sources of infection, which involves tracking of closely related viruses. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a research tool for thorough genetic characterization of infectious organisms. Previously formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues have been used to conduct retrospective epidemiological studies of related but genetically distinct viruses. However, this study extends the applicability of NGS for complete genome analysis of viruses from FFPE tissues to track the evolution of closely related viruses. Total RNA was obtained from FFPE spleens, lungs, brains, and small intestines of chickens in 11 poultry flocks during disease outbreaks in Pakistan. The RNA was randomly sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq instrument and the raw data were analyzed using a custom data analysis pipeline that includes de novo assembly. Genomes of virulent NDV were detected in 10/11 birds: eight nearly complete (> 95% coverage of concatenated coding sequence) and two partial genomes. Phylogeny of the NDV complete genome coding sequences was compared to current methods of analysis based on the full and partial fusion genes and determined that the approach provided a better phylogenetic resolution. Two distinct lineages of sub-genotype VIIi NDV were identified to be simultaneously circulating in Pakistani poultry. Non-targeted NGS of total RNA from FFPE tissues coupled with de novo assembly provided a reliable, safe, and affordable method to conduct epidemiological and evolutionary studies to facilitate management of ND in Pakistan.
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105
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A comparative phylogenomic analysis of avian avulavirus 1 isolated from non-avian hosts: conquering new frontiers of zoonotic potential among species. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1771-1780. [PMID: 31076910 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1) isolates have been reported from avian and non-avian hosts worldwide with varying clinical consequences. In this regard, robust surveillance coupled with advanced diagnostics, genomic analysis, and disease modelling has provided insight into the molecular epidemiology and evolution of this virus. The genomic and evolutionary characteristics of AAvV 1 isolates originating from avian hosts have been well studied, but those originating from non-avian hosts have not. Here, we report a comparative genomic and evolutionary analysis of so-far reported AAvV 1 isolates originating from hosts other than avian species (humans, mink and swine). Phylogenetic analysis showed that AAvV 1 isolates clustered in five distinct genotypes (I, II, VI, VII and XIII). Further analysis revealed clustering of isolates into clades distant enough to be considered distinct subgenotypes, along with a few substitutions in several significant motifs. Although further investigation is needed, the clustering of AAvV 1 strains isolated from non-avian hosts into novel subgenotypes and the presence of substitutions in important structural and biological motifs suggest that this virus can adapt to novel hosts and therefore could have zoonotic potential.
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106
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Class I Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolate from a Breeding Chicken Flock in Sichuan, China. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/18/e00337-19. [PMID: 31048383 PMCID: PMC6498238 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00337-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain, APMV-1/Chicken/China(SC)/PT3/2016, was isolated from asymptomatic chickens at a breeding farm in China. The PT3 strain has a genome length of 15,198 nucleotides and is classified as subgenotype 1b of class I. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that PT3 is a lentogenic strain.
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107
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Ferreira HL, Taylor TL, Absalon AE, Dimitrov KM, Cortés-Espinosa DV, Butt SL, Marín-Cruz JL, Goraichuk IV, Volkening JD, Suarez DL, Afonso CL. Presence of Newcastle disease viruses of sub-genotypes Vc and VIn in backyard chickens and in apparently healthy wild birds from Mexico in 2017. Virus Genes 2019; 55:479-489. [PMID: 30976951 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) have been present in Mexico since 1946, and recently, multiple outbreaks have been reported in the country. Here, we characterized eleven NDV isolated from apparently healthy wild birds and backyard chickens in three different locations of Jalisco, Mexico in 2017. Total RNA from NDV was reverse-transcribed, and 1285 nucleotides, which includes 3/4 of the fusion gene, was amplified and sequenced using a long-read MinION sequencing method. The sequences were 99.99-100% identical to the corresponding region obtained using the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis using MinION sequences demonstrated that nine virulent NDV from wild birds belonged to sub-genotypes Vc and VIn, and two backyard chicken isolates were of sub-genotype Vc. The sub-genotype Vc viruses had nucleotide sequence identity that ranged from 97.7 to 98% to a virus of the same sub-genotype isolated from a chicken in Mexico in 2010. Three viruses from pigeons had 96.3-98.7% nucleotide identity to sub-genotype VIn pigeon viruses, commonly referred to as pigeon paramyxovirus, isolated in the USA during 2000-2016. This study demonstrates that viruses of sub-genotype Vc are still present in Mexico, and the detection of this sub-genotype in both chickens and wild birds suggests that transmission among these species may represent a biosecurity risk. This is the first detection and complete genome sequencing of genotype VI NDV from Mexico. In addition, the utilization of an optimized long-read sequencing method for rapid virulence and genotype identification using the Oxford nanopore MinION system is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Ferreira
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,University of Sao Paulo, ZMV- FZEA, Pirassununga, 13635900, Brazil
| | - T L Taylor
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - A E Absalon
- Vaxbiotek S.C, San Lorenzo No. 122-7, CP. 72700, Cuautlancingo, Puebla, Mexico
| | - K M Dimitrov
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - D V Cortés-Espinosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional/CIBA-Tlaxcala, Carr. Est. Santa Ines Tecuexcomac Km 1.5, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - S L Butt
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J L Marín-Cruz
- Consorcio consultivo empresarial S.C., Lasallistas No. 120 Col. Rosario, San Juan De Los Lagos, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - I V Goraichuk
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 83, Pushkinska Street, Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine
| | - J D Volkening
- BASE2BIO, 1945, Arlington Drive, Oshkosh, WI, 54904, USA
| | - D L Suarez
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - C L Afonso
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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108
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Pathogenicity and transmission of virulent Newcastle disease virus from the 2018-2019 California outbreak and related viruses in young and adult chickens. Virology 2019; 531:203-218. [PMID: 30928699 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In May of 2018, virulent Newcastle disease virus was detected in sick, backyard, exhibition chickens in southern California. Since, the virus has affected 401 backyard and four commercial flocks, and one live bird market in California, and one backyard flock in Utah. The pathogenesis and transmission potential of this virus, along with two genetically related and widely studied viruses, chicken/California/2002 and chicken/Belize/2008, were evaluated in both 3-week- and 62-week-old chickens given a low, medium, or high challenge dose. All three viruses were highly virulent causing clinical signs, killing all the chickens in the medium and high dose groups, and efficiently transmitting to contacts. The three viruses also replicated in the reproductive tract of the adult hens. Virus shedding for all viruses was detected 24 hours after challenge, peaking with high titers at day 4 post challenge. Although not genetically identical, the studied isolates were shown to be phenotypically very similar, which allows the utilization of the available literature in the control of the current outbreak.
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109
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Absalón AE, Cortés-Espinosa DV, Lucio E, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Epidemiology, control, and prevention of Newcastle disease in endemic regions: Latin America. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1033-1048. [PMID: 30877525 PMCID: PMC6520322 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) infects wild birds and poultry species worldwide, severely impacting the economics of the poultry industry. ND is especially problematic in Latin America (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru) where it is either endemic or re-emerging. The disease is caused by infections with one of the different strains of virulent avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV), recently renamed Avian avulavirus 1. Here, we describe the molecular epidemiology of Latin American NDVs, current control and prevention methods, including vaccines and vaccination protocols, as well as future strategies for control of ND. Because the productive, cultural, economic, social, and ecological conditions that facilitate poultry endemicity in South America are similar to those in the developing world, most of the problems and control strategies described here are applicable to other continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Absalón
- Vaxbiotek, S.C. San Lorenzo 122-7, 72700, Cuautlancingo, Puebla, Mexico.
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIBA-Tlaxcala, Carr. Est. Santa Ines Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km. 1.5, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | | | - E Lucio
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, PO Drawer 2497, Gainesville, GA, 30503-2497, USA
| | - P J Miller
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - C L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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110
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Molecular characterization of new emerging sub-genotype VIIh Newcastle disease viruses in China. Virus Genes 2019; 55:314-321. [PMID: 30835036 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) has been enzootic in China for several decades since the first recognition of the disease in 1946 in China. Continuous surveillance revealed that the sub-genotype VIId Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been predominantly responsible for most of ND outbreak in China in recent years. But in the present study, three virulent NDVs isolated from poultry in southern China were classified as sub-genotype VIIh, which is highly related to the viruses circulating in some Southeast Asia countries. Continuous isolation of genotype VIIh NDV strains in the region suggests its panzootic potential. This is the first report of the sub-genotype VIIh NDVs in domestic poultry in China. The complete genome length of the three isolates was 15,192 nucleotides, and the motif at the cleavage site of F protein was 112RRRRR/F117 or 112RRRKR/F117, which was typical of virulent NDV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the F gene revealed that the three viruses had close relationship with the sub-genotype VIIh virus isolated from wild bird in 2011 in China. These viruses might have formed a stable lineage in poultry during 2012-2016 and have the potential to cause enzootic in China. Our study revealed the genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of the three sub-genotype VIIh isolates, which could help us to better understand the epidemiological context of these viruses.
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111
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Wei T, Deng Q, Zhai G, He C, Li H, Zhang Y, Zeng R, Mo M, Huang T, Wei P. Re-emergence of a genotype VIII virulent Newcastle disease virus isolated from Chinese game fowl after 13 years. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1077-1084. [PMID: 30658009 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulation of dominant genotypes VI and VII of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry in China. However, reports of Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks caused by genotype VIII strains of NDV are rare. In this study, a virulent genotype VIII strain of NDV, designated GXGB2011, was isolated from a vaccinated game fowl flock showing clinic signs of infection in Pinxiang county, Guangxi, China. The whole genome of the isolate was completely sequenced and was found to be comprised of 15,192 nucleotides (nt), encoding the six structural proteins in the order of 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. The pattern of cleavage site 112 RRQKR↓F117 in the fusion (F) protein and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) value of 1.5 showed that the strain GXGB2011 was a velogenic NDV. The results of the challenge experiment with the 5-week-old SPF chickens showed that the strain was highly pathogenic with 100% morbidity and mortality of the challenged birds. Based on the detection of virus in different organs of the infected birds, the highest viral load in caecal tonsils was observed and viral levels in immune organs were higher than those in the respiratory organs. Bayesian reconstruction of complete genomes based on the sequences of 66 NDV reference strains showed that the strain belonged to the genotype VIII of NDV. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain was more closely related to the foreign strains gamefowl/U.S.(CA)/24225/98, 1ITTY94060 and IT-147/94 rather than to the first domestic strains of the emergence genotype VIII in Qinghai, China during 1979-1985. In summary, the results of the study demonstrated the re-emergence of a highly pathogenic virulent isolate of genotype VIII of NDV. These results indicate the risk that this genotype VIII of NDV may spread to commercial chickens from game fowl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiaomu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guosheng Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Pingxiang Customs P. R. China, Pingxiang, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanqin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongling Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Teng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Wu C, Hu J, Ci X, Nie Y, Chen D, Zhang X, Chen W, Lin W, Xie Q. Molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and protection efficacy analysis of 2 wild-type lentogenic class I Newcastle disease viruses from chickens in China. Poult Sci 2019; 98:602-612. [PMID: 30376072 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 2 wild-type Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), designated as CK/GX/65/15 and CK/GX/26/15, were isolated from asymptomatic chickens in Guangxi province, China. They were identified as lentogenic NDV with mean death time (MDT) above 90 and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) below 0.7. The results of complete genome sequence analysis show that the 2 NDV strains are members of class I genotype 3 with the length 15,198 nt, which followed the "rule of six" and the order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. In addition, 8 amino acid substitutions were identified in the functional domains of fusion protein (F) of CK/GX/65/15 and 9 in CK/GX/26/15, whose amino acid sequences of F protein cleavage site are 112E-R-Q-E-R-L117. The isolates were found to be apathogenic in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and ducks without morbidity or mortality. Furthermore, the protection study shows that isolates can provide the same effective protection against a major NDV virulent strain in China (class II genotype VII) as the commercial vaccine LaSota. Moreover, vaccination with isolates reduced number of chickens shedding virus compared to those vaccinated with LaSota. In conclusion, 2 wild-type NDV strains exhibited fine protection efficacy against genotype VII NDV in poultry and can be considered as candidate vaccines against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ci
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yu Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dekui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.,Guangdong Animal Virus Vector Vaccine Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Gaikwad SS, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Choi KS. Expression and serological application of recombinant epitope-repeat protein carrying an immunodominant epitope of Newcastle disease virus nucleoprotein. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2019; 8:27-34. [PMID: 30775348 PMCID: PMC6369128 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2019.8.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to develop a serodiagnostic test for differentiation infected from vaccinated animal (DIVA) strategy accompanying the marker vaccine lacking an immunodominant epitope (IDE) of nucleoprotein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Materials and Methods Recombinant epitope-repeat protein (rERP) gene encoding eight repeats of the IDE sequence (ETQFLDLMRAVANSMR) by tetra-glycine linker was synthesized. Recombinant baculovirus carrying the rERP gene was generated to express the rERP in insect cells. Specificity and sensitivity of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing the rERP was evaluated. Results The rERP with molecular weight of 20 kDa was successfully expressed by the recombinant baculovirus in an insect-baculovirus system. The rERP was antigenically functional as demonstrated by Western blotting. An indirect ELISA employing the rERP was developed and its specificity and sensitivity was determined. The ELISA test allowed discrimination of NDV infected sera from epitope deletion virus vaccinated sera. Conclusion The preliminary results represent rERP ELISA as a promising DIVA diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish S Gaikwad
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani, India
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kim
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Planning and Coordination Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
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114
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Rauf I, Wajid A, Hussain I, Ather S, Ali MA. Immunoprotective role of LaSota vaccine under immunosuppressive conditions in chicken challenged with velogenic avian avulavirus-1. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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115
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Molouki A, Mehrabadi MHF, Bashashati M, Akhijahani MM, Lim SHE, Hajloo SA. NDV subgenotype VII(L) is currently circulating in commercial broiler farms of Iran, 2017-2018. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1247-1252. [PMID: 30689157 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on our previous work, it was discovered that some Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from backyard poultry between 2011 and 2013 in Iran formed a new separate cluster when phylogenetic analysis based on the complete F gene sequence was carried out. The novel cluster was designated subgenotype VII(L) and published. AIM In the current study, for further validation, we initiated a comprehensive epidemiological study to identify the dominant NDV genotype(s) circulating within the country. Collection of samples was executed between October 2017 and February 2018 from 108 commercial broiler farms which reported clinical signs of respiratory disease in their broilers. RESULT We report that 38 of the farms (> 35%) tested positive for NDV. The complete F gene sequences of seven of the isolates are shown as representative sequences in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed, the recent broiler farm isolates clustered into the newly designated cluster VII(L) together with the older Iranian backyard poultry isolates in our previous work. All the sequences shared the same virulence-associated F cleavage site of 112RRQKR↓F117. CONCLUSION Our phylogenetic analysis suggested that the NDV subgenotype VII(L) may have been derived from subgenotype VIId, and contrary to popular belief, subgenotype VIId may not be the dominant subgenotype in Iran. Tracking of the subgenotype on BLAST suggested that the NDV subgenotype VII(L), although previously unidentified, may have been circulating in this region as an endemic virus for at least a decade. Other NDV genotypes, however, have also been reported in Iran in recent years. Hence, ongoing study is aimed at determining the exact dominant NDV genotypes and subgenotypes in the country. This will be crucial in effective mitigation of outbreaks in Iranian broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bashashati
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mahmoudzadeh Akhijahani
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Centre for Research Excellence and School of Data Science, Perdana University, Block D, MAEPS Building, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saeed Amir Hajloo
- Department of Health and Management of Poultry Disease, Iranian Veterinary Organization (IVO), Tehran, Iran
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116
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Esmaelizad M, Mayahi V. Analysis of natural recombination and host-related evolutionary dynamics of avian avulavirus 1 isolates based on positive and negative selection from 1948 to 2017. Arch Virol 2019; 164:717-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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117
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RETRACTED: Evaluation of imidazole and its derivative against Newcastle disease virus infection in chicken: A drug repurposing approach. Virus Res 2019; 260:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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118
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First Genome Sequence of Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VIIi from Jordan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:MRA01136-18. [PMID: 30574579 PMCID: PMC6298546 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01136-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) from total RNA isolated from a chicken spleen of a backyard flock in Jordan. The complete coding genome sequence of NDV/chicken/Jordan/J11-spleen/2018 was obtained with MiSeq (Illumina) sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated coding sequences classified the virus as class II subgenotype VIIi.
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119
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Xu X, Ding Z, Yuan Q, Ding J, Li J, Wang W, Cong Y, Ouyang W, Wang Y, Qian J, Yin R. A genotype VII Newcastle disease virus-like particles confer full protection with reduced virus load and decreased virus shedding. Vaccine 2018; 37:444-451. [PMID: 30545716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most severe avian infectious disease inflicting a great loss on poultry industry worldwide. The control of ND relies on proper vaccination strategies. The vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) mainly belong to genotype I, II or III, which cannot fully prohibit virus shedding against the prevalent genotype VII virulent strain attack. To develop a safe, genotype matched vaccine candidate, we employed a bac-to-bac expression system and constructed a genotype VII NDV strain based virus-like particles (NDV VLPs). It was constructed with NDV M protein as the skeleton, and protective antigen F and HN proteins displayed on the surface. The NDV VLPs exhibited a similar appearance to the live NDV particles, but with denser F and HN proteins displayed on the surface. The immunization assay indicated that NDV VLPs stimulated a longer protection period, less tissue virus loading and shorter virus shedding period than the commercialized LaSota-formulated vaccine when challenged with genotype VII NDV strain. These results proposed the potential role of NDV VLPs as an alternative to current live genotype unmatched vaccine for the control and eliminate NDV in the avian flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jindou Li
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanlong Cong
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongshan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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120
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Genotype Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Nigeria: Disease Control Challenges and Future Outlook. Adv Virol 2018; 2018:6097291. [PMID: 30631359 PMCID: PMC6304561 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6097291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important avian diseases with considerable threat to the productivity of poultry all over the world. The disease is associated with severe respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological lesions in chicken leading to high mortality and several other production related losses. The aetiology of the disease is an avian paramyxovirus type-1 or Newcastle disease virus (NDV), whose isolates are serologically grouped into a single serotype but genetically classified into a total of 19 genotypes, owing to the continuous emergence and evolution of the virus. In Nigeria, molecular characterization of NDV is generally very scanty and majorly focuses on the amplification of the partial F gene for genotype assignment. However, with the introduction of the most objective NDV genotyping criteria which utilize complete fusion protein coding sequences in phylogenetic taxonomy, the enormous genetic diversity of the virus in Nigeria became very conspicuous. In this review, we examine the current ecological distribution of various NDV genotypes in Nigeria based on the available complete fusion protein nucleotide sequences (1662 bp) in the NCBI database. We then discuss the challenges of ND control as a result of the wide genetic distance between the currently circulating NDV isolates and the commonest vaccines used to combat the disease in the country. Finally, we suggest future directions in the war against the economically devastating ND in Nigeria.
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Alsahami A, Ideris A, Omar A, Ramanoon S, Sadiq M. Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses in vaccinated chickens from commercial farms in the Sultanate of Oman. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:248-252. [PMID: 30564604 PMCID: PMC6286617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) remains an important enzootic disease in chickens in several parts of the world. With the increasing reports of virulence and genetic diversity of the causative agent; Newcastle disease virus (NDV), there is a need to identify the circulating NDV in specific regions. In Oman, to this moment, such information is still lacking. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the NDV from ND outbreaks from commercial farms in Oman. Following suspected outbreaks of ND in three commercial farms in 2017, a total of 30 carcasses (10 from each flock) of adult chickens were subjected to necropsy for gross and histopathological examination, virus isolation and molecular methods. Specifically, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay were used for the virus detection and confirmation, respectively. Lesions were suggestive of viscerotropic velogenic form of ND based on gross and histopathological examinations. Isolation of NDV was present in 4 cases and further confirmed by RT-PCR following the target of the partial fusion protein gene of the viral genome. The sequence of the partial fusion gene was determined and phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the partial length F gene of 4 Omani isolates and 65 previously published NDVs. The findings predicted that the Omani isolates had high homology (99%) with the isolate from Pakistan belonging to genotype VII. Subsequently, the isolated pathotype was identified as the virulent NDV. This study serves as a basic work for further research on the analysis and phenotyping of NDV in the Sultanate of Oman. Improved monitoring and surveillance of the disease is important for proper preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.A. Alsahami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Oman
| | - A. Ideris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - A. Omar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - S.Z. Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M.B. Sadiq
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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122
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Epidemiological and genetic analysis of Avian avulavirus-1 in Israel reveals parallel circulating strains and a new sub-genotype within genotype VI. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:159-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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123
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Butt SL, Taylor TL, Volkening JD, Dimitrov KM, Williams-Coplin D, Lahmers KK, Miller PJ, Rana AM, Suarez DL, Afonso CL, Stanton JB. Rapid virulence prediction and identification of Newcastle disease virus genotypes using third-generation sequencing. Virol J 2018; 15:179. [PMID: 30466441 PMCID: PMC6251111 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks are global challenges to the poultry industry. Effective management requires rapid identification and virulence prediction of the circulating Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), the causative agent of ND. However, these diagnostics are hindered by the genetic diversity and rapid evolution of NDVs. METHODS An amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) workflow for virulence and genotype prediction of NDV samples using a third-generation, real-time DNA sequencing platform is described here. 1D MinION sequencing of barcoded NDV amplicons was performed using 33 egg-grown isolates, (15 NDV genotypes), and 15 clinical swab samples collected from field outbreaks. Assembly-based data analysis was performed in a customized, Galaxy-based AmpSeq workflow. MinION-based results were compared to previously published sequences and to sequences obtained using a previously published Illumina MiSeq workflow. RESULTS For all egg-grown isolates, NDV was detected and virulence and genotype were accurately predicted. For clinical samples, NDV was detected in ten of eleven NDV samples. Six of the clinical samples contained two mixed genotypes as determined by MiSeq, of which the MinION method detected both genotypes in four samples. Additionally, testing a dilution series of one NDV isolate resulted in NDV detection in a dilution as low as 101 50% egg infectious dose per milliliter. This was accomplished in as little as 7 min of sequencing time, with a 98.37% sequence identity compared to the expected consensus obtained by MiSeq. CONCLUSION The depth of sequencing, fast sequencing capabilities, accuracy of the consensus sequences, and the low cost of multiplexing allowed for effective virulence prediction and genotype identification of NDVs currently circulating worldwide. The sensitivity of this protocol was preliminary tested using only one genotype. After more extensive evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity, this protocol will likely be applicable to the detection and characterization of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman L. Butt
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Tonya L. Taylor
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA
| | | | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA
| | - Kevin K. Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology,VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Patti J. Miller
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Asif M. Rana
- Hivet Animal Health Business, 667-P, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - David L. Suarez
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA
| | - James B. Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Shao Y, Sun J, Han Z, Liu S. Recombinant infectious laryngotracheitis virus expressing Newcastle disease virus F protein protects chickens against infectious laryngotracheitis virus and Newcastle disease virus challenge. Vaccine 2018; 36:7975-7986. [PMID: 30448332 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated and identified an infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) that was naturally avirulent in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, with the aim of developing a more efficacious vaccine against ILTV and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). We constructed a US9-deleted ILTV mutant based on this avirulent ILTV, and then constructed a recombinant ILTV (designated ILTV-ΔUS9-F) expressing the fusion protein (F) of the genotype VII NDV based on the US9-deleted ILTV mutant. Expression of the F protein in ILTV-ΔUS9-F-infected cells was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. The inserted F gene was stably expressed in ILTV-ΔUS9-F. The growth kinetics of ILTV-ΔUS9-F were comparable to those of the wild-type ILTV strain. Vaccination of SPF chickens with ILTV-ΔUS9-F produced no clinical signs but did induce low levels of NDV-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibodies. A single vaccination with 104 plaque-forming units (PFU) of ILTV-ΔUS9-F provided good protection against both genotype VII and IX NDVs based on clinical signs, similar to the protection provided by the commercial live La Sota vaccine. Notably, ILTV-ΔUS9-F limited the replication and shedding of genotype VII NDV from oropharyngeal swabs more efficiently than the La Sota vaccine. In addition, vaccination with lower doses (103 and 102 PFU) of ILTV-ΔUS9-F also provided sufficient clinical protection. These results indicated that ILTV-ΔUS9-F may be a bivalent vaccine candidate against both ILTV and NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
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Gowthaman V, Ganesan V, Gopala Krishna Murthy TR, Nair S, Yegavinti N, Saraswathy PV, Suresh Kumar G, Udhayavel S, Senthilvel K, Subbiah M. Molecular phylogenetics of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from vaccinated flocks during outbreaks in Southern India reveals circulation of a novel sub‐genotype. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:363-372. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Gowthaman
- Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Namakkal India
| | | | | | - Sowmya Nair
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology Hyderabad India
| | | | | | - Ganesan Suresh Kumar
- Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Namakkal India
| | - Shanmugasunderam Udhayavel
- Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Namakkal India
| | - Kandasamy Senthilvel
- Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Namakkal India
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Kammon A, Monne I, Asheg A, Cattoli G. Molecular detection and characterisation of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in backyard chickens and pigeons in Alzintan city of Libya. Open Vet J 2018; 8:401-405. [PMID: 30538930 PMCID: PMC6243211 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) is the causative agent of Newcastle Disease which affects many species of birds leading to high mortality and heavy economic losses among poultry industry worldwide. Newcastle disease is endemic in Libya with frequent outbreaks occurring in commercial and backyard poultry. APMV-1 was isolated and characterised during the outbreak in 2013. In current study, we report another Newcastle disease outbreak that emerged in backyard chickens and pigeons in Alzintan city on March 2015. Two viruses were detected in cloacal swabs from backyard chickens, namely APMV-1/Libya/15VIR5368/2015 and APMV-1/Libya/15VIR5371/2015. Genetic sequencing of these viruses revealed the presence of velogenic APMV-1 belonging to genotype VIIi genetically similar to the viruses isolated on 2013. During the same period, neurologic signs and mortality were noticed in pigeons. Samples of brain tissue were tested by rRT-PCR which revealed presence of velogenic APMV-1 belonging to lineage 4A (GKKRKR*F Lin.4A) or genotype VIb. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection and molecular characterization of APMV-1 in a pigeon in Libya. The phylogenetic analysis of the F gene showed 86% identity to isolates from Iran and Egypt. This study may indicate the circulation of APMV-1 within backyard birds and pigeons which may present a threat to commercial poultry. Considering these findings, vaccination of backyard birds and pigeons and further epidemiological studies are strongly strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab Kammon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita, 10, Legnaro, Padova 35020, Italy
| | - Abdulatif Asheg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Universita, 10, Legnaro, Padova 35020, Italy
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127
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Chen Y, Ding Z, Liu X, Chen J, Li J, Fei Y, Liu Z, Stoeger T, Bi Y, Yin R. Biological and phylogenetic characterization of a novel hemagglutination-negative avian avulavirus 6 isolated from wild waterfowl in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1421-1428. [PMID: 30146734 PMCID: PMC7169737 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Up to now only nine whole genome sequences of avian avulavirus 6 (AAvV‐6) had been documented in the world since the first discovery of AAvV‐6 (AAvV‐6/duck/HongKong/18/199/77) at a domestic duck in 1977 from Hong Kong of China. Very limited information is known about the regularities of transmission, genetic and biological characteristics of AAvV‐6 because of the lower isolation rate and mild losses for poultry industry. To better further explore the relationships among above factors, an AAvV‐6 epidemiological surveillance of domestic poultry and wild birds in six provinces of China suspected of sites of inter‐species transmission and being intercontinental flyways during the year 2013–2017 was conducted. Therefore, 9,872 faecal samples from wild birds and 1,642 cloacal and tracheal swab samples from clinically healthy poultry of live bird market (LBM) were collected respectively. However, only one novel hemagglutination‐negative AAvV‐6 isolate (AAvV‐6/mallard/Hubei/2015) was isolated from a fresh faecal sample obtained from mallard at a wetland of Hubei province. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of this AAvV‐6 isolate (AAvV‐6/mallard/Hubei/2015) indicated that this isolate grouping to genotype I were epidemiological intercontinentally linked with viruses from the wild birds in Europe and America. Meanwhile, at least two genotypes (I and II) are existed within serotype AAvV‐6. In additional, this novel hemagglutination‐negative AAvV‐6 isolate in chicken embryos restored its hemagglutination when pre‐treated with trypsin. These findings, together with data from other AAvV‐6, suggest potential epidemiological intercontinental spreads among AAvV‐6 transmission by wild migratory birds, and reveal potential threats to wild birds and domestic poultry worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidong Fei
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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128
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Rahman AU, Habib M, Shabbir MZ. Adaptation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Feral Birds and their Potential Role in Interspecies Transmission. Open Virol J 2018; 12:52-68. [PMID: 30288195 PMCID: PMC6142666 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901812010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1, avulaviruses), is a notifiable disease throughout the world due to the economic impact on trading restrictions and its embargoes placed in endemic regions. The feral birds including aquatic/migratory birds and other wild birds may act as natural reservoir hosts of ND Viruses (NDVs) and may play a remarkable role in the spread of the virus in environment. In addition, other 19 avulaviruses namely: AAvV 2 to 20, have been potentially recognized from feral avian species. Expalantion: Many previous studies have investigated the field prevailing NDVs to adapt a wide range of susceptible host. Still the available data is not enough to declare the potential role of feral birds in transmission of the virus to poultry and/or other avian birds. In view of the latest evidence related to incidences of AAvVs in susceptible avian species, it is increasingly important to understand the potential of viruses to transmit within the domestic poultry and other avian hosts. Genomic and phylogenomic analysis of several investigations has shown the same (RK/RQRR↓F) motif cleavage site among NDV isolates with same genotypes from domestic poultry and other wild hosts. So, the insight of this, various semi-captive/free-ranging wild avian species could play a vital role in the dissemination of the virus, which is an important consideration to control the disease outbreaks. Insufficient data on AAvV 1 transmission from wild birds to poultry and vice versa is the main constraint to understand about its molecular biology and genomic potential to cause infection in all susceptible hosts. Conclusion: The current review details the pertinent features of several historical and contemporary aspects of NDVs and the vital role of feral birds in its molecular epidemiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz-Ul- Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Momena Habib
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
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Diagnostic and Vaccination Approaches for Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: The Current and Emerging Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7278459. [PMID: 30175140 PMCID: PMC6098882 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7278459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating diseases that considerably cripple the global poultry industry. Because of its enormous socioeconomic importance and potential to rapidly spread to naïve birds in the vicinity, ND is included among the list of avian diseases that must be notified to the OIE immediately upon recognition. Currently, virus isolation followed by its serological or molecular identification is regarded as the gold standard method of ND diagnosis. However, this method is generally slow and requires specialised laboratory with biosafety containment facilities, making it of little relevance under epidemic situations where rapid diagnosis is seriously needed. Thus, molecular based diagnostics have evolved to overcome some of these difficulties, but the extensive genetic diversity of the virus ensures that isolates with mutations at the primer/probe binding sites escape detection using these assays. This diagnostic dilemma leads to the emergence of cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) which have so far proven to be promising in terms of rapid, sensitive, and accurate recognition of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates even in mixed infections. As regards disease control strategies, conventional ND vaccines have stood the test of time by demonstrating track record of protective efficacy in the last 60 years. However, these vaccines are unable to block the replication and shedding of most of the currently circulating phylogenetically divergent virulent NDV isolates. Hence, rationally designed vaccines targeting the prevailing genotypes, the so-called genotype-matched vaccines, are highly needed to overcome these vaccination related challenges. Among the recently evolving technologies for the development of genotype-matched vaccines, reverse genetics-based live attenuated vaccines obviously appeared to be the most promising candidates. In this review, a comprehensive description of the current and emerging trends in the detection, identification, and control of ND in poultry are provided. The strengths and weaknesses of each of those techniques are also emphasised.
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Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Backyard Poultry Farms and Live Bird Markets in Kenya. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:2368597. [PMID: 30154854 PMCID: PMC6098844 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2368597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious disease of poultry that causes significant economic losses. Despite rampant ND outbreaks that occur annually in Kenya, the information about the NDV circulating in Kenya is still scarce. We report the first countrywide study of NDV in Kenya. Our study is aimed at evaluating the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses obtained from backyard poultry in farms and live bird markets in different regions of Kenya. We sequenced and analyzed fusion (F) protein gene, including the cleavage site, of the obtained viruses. We aligned and compared study sequences with representative NDV of different genotypes from GenBank. The fusion protein cleavage site of all the study sequences had the motif 112RRQKRFV118 indicating their velogenic nature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV from various sites in Kenya was highly similar genetically and that it clustered together with NDV of genotype V. The study samples were 96% similar to previous Ugandan and Kenyan viruses grouped in subgenotype Vd This study points to possible circulation of NDV of similar genetic characteristics between backyard poultry farms and live bird markets in Kenya. The study also suggests the possible spread of velogenic NDV between Kenya and Uganda possibly through cross-border live bird trade. Our study provides baseline information on the genetic characteristics of NDV circulating in the Kenyan poultry population. This highlights the need for the ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird markets and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would otherwise be more difficult to control.
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131
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Le XTK, Doan HTT, Le TH. Molecular analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolates reveals a novel XIId subgenotype in Vietnam. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3125-3130. [PMID: 30054746 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eight Vietnamese Newcastle disease virus field isolates from 2008-2015 and 3 vaccine specimens were genotyped based on their full F gene sequences and compared to 80 reference strains representing all 18 genotypes. Three isolates formed a novel subgenotype XIId, identified for the first time in Vietnam; while the others clustered as follows: four in subgenotypes VIId and VIIh; two in Genotype I; and two in Genotype II. Evolutionary distance calculations confirmed the Vietnamese XIId isolates were distinct from XIIa and XIIb by 0.062-0.070; and from other genotypes by 0.089-0.245. This data demonstrated that a novel XIId subgenotype emerged in Vietnam indicating considerable genetic diversity, thus highlighting the need to implement antigenic matching during vaccination against NDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen Thi Kim Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Doan
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoa Le
- Immunology Department, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18. Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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132
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Wei T, Deng Q, Li H, Pan C, Zhai G, Yuan Y, Cheng E, Zhang Y, Mo M, Huang T, Wei P. Molecular characterization of two novel sub-sublineages of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 in China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2971-2984. [PMID: 30043204 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) infection is enzootic in pigeon flocks and poses a potential risk to the poultry industry in China. To gain insight into the biological characteristics and transmission routes of circulating PPMV-1 in pigeons, 13 PPMV-1 isolates from domestic pigeons isolated during 2011-2015 in Guangxi province, China, were characterized using a pathogenicity assessment and phylogenetic analysis. All PPMV-1 isolates were mesogenic or lentogenic strains and had a mean death time (MDT) in 9-day-old SPF chicken embryos and a intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) values of 54-154 h and 0.00-0.90, respectively. Analysis of the F and HN gene sequences of the PPMV-1 isolates and the Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine strain La Sota, revealed that the nucleotide sequence similarity of the F and HN genes were all < 85% between the PPMV-1 isolates and La Sota, significantly lower than those > 98% among the PPMV-1 isolates. The amino acids sequence of the F protein at the cleavage site of the 13 PPMV-1 isolates was 112RRQKR↓F117, characteristic of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All 13 isolates were classified as sublineage 4b by phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary distances, based on the F gene sequences. It was also found that the 13 isolates were divided into two novel sub-groups of sublineage 4b, sub-sublineages 4biig and 4biih. Since these two novel sub-sublineages had two different geographic sources, we speculated that they represent two different transmission routes of PPMV-1 in China. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates will help to elucidate the sources of the transmission and evolution of PPMV-1 and may help to control PPMV-1 infection in the pigeon industry in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qiaomu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guosheng Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yadong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ercai Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanqin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Teng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Alsahami A, Ideris A, Omar A, Ramanoon SZ, Sadiq MB. Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus in backyard chickens and herd-level risk factors of Newcastle disease in poultry farms in Oman. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:186-191. [PMID: 30564594 PMCID: PMC6286396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an endemic disease in Oman's poultry industry and impacts negatively on food security. However, little is known regarding the potential risks of the disease in backyard poultry. The objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in backyard chickens and the herd-level risk factors in Oman. In total, 1383 serum samples were collected from chickens in 139 flocks from nine governorates. Information on associated risk factors was assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The samples were tested using commercial indirect ELISA kits.A logistic regression model was applied to assess the associated risk factors. The bird and flock-level NDV seroprevalence was 33.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 12.8-38.6%) and 57.1% (95% CI: 35.7-71.4%), respectively. The highest seroprevalence of antibody to NDV at bird and flock levels was recorded in North Ash Sharqiyah (38.6%) and Al Buraimi (71.4%), respectively. Also, the lowest seroprevalence at bird and flock levels was recorded in Musandam (12.8%) and South Al Batinah (35.7%), respectively. A significant difference in NDV seroprevalence at flock and bird levels was only recorded in Ad Dakhliyah. Factors associated with higher seroprevalence to NDV included absence of a veterinarian in the farm (OR = 5.3; 95% CI: 2.1, 11.7), usage of dead ND vaccine (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-4.2), employment of non-permanent staff (OR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.5, 10.6) and free entry of visitors (OR = 6.2; 95% CI: 2.0, 20.3). In conclusion, the results of this study revealed a high exposure of backyard chickens to NDV and the identified risk factors could be vital in the prevention and control of the disease in Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsahami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Aini Ideris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdulrahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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Li J, Meng C, Ren T, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Xu S, Sun Y, Tan L, Song C, Liao Y, Nair V, Munir M, Ding Z, Liu X, Qiu X, Ding C. Production, characterization, and epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus V protein. J Virol Methods 2018; 260:88-97. [PMID: 30026051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) V protein is crucial for viral interferon (IFN) antagonism and virulence, determining its host range restriction. However, little information is available on the B cell epitopes of V protein and the subcellular movement of V protein in the process of NDV infection. In this study, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) clone 3D7 against genotype VII NDV V protein was generated by immunizing mice with a purified recombinant His-tagged carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) region of V protein. Fine epitope mapping analysis and B-cell epitope prediction indicated that mAb 3D7 recognized a linear epitope 152RGPAELWK159, which is located in the V protein CTD region. Sequence alignment showed that the mAb clone 3D7-recognized epitope is highly conserved among Class II genotype VII NDV strains, but not among other genotypes, suggesting it could serve as a genetic marker to differentiate NDV genotypes. Furthermore, the movement of V protein during NDV replication in infected cells were determined by using this mAb. It was found that V protein localized around the nucleus during virus replication. The establishment of V protein-specific mAb and identification of its epitope extend our understanding of the antigenic characteristics of V protein and provide a basis for the development of epitope-based diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yaodan Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | | | | | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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135
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Saponin-adjuvanted vaccine protects chickens against velogenic Newcastle disease virus. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2423-2432. [PMID: 29968048 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive vaccination campaigns, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains endemic in many countries worldwide, and factors that contribute to this failure include mismatched vaccines, partial immunization, and poor husbandry practices. In order to overcome the problem of genetic divergence between circulating field strains and vaccine strains, we saponin-adjuvanted an Egyptian field strain and assessed its safety and immunogenicity in chickens. Immunization of chickens with the vaccine followed by challenge with a velogenic reference strain revealed the potential of the saponin-adjuvanted vaccine to induce a strong immune response that resulted in complete protection of chickens. Importantly, in vaccinated chickens, virus shedding was abolished, providing an added advantage over the currently available commercial live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, which are unable to prevent shedding. A histopathological investigation demonstrated that the vaccinated chickens had less-severe lesions than challenged unvaccinated and mock-vaccinated chickens. We propose using this formulation as an alternative and improved NDV vaccine platform that can be exploited to control disease not only in Egypt but also in other disease-endemic countries.
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136
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Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 4 isolated in South Korea from 2013 to 2017. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 61:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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137
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Wanyana A, Mugimba KK, Bosco OJ, Kirunda H, Nakavuma JL, Teillaud A, Ducatez MF, Byarugaba DK. Genotypic characterisation of Avian paramyxovirus type-1 viruses isolated from aquatic birds in Uganda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 85:e1-e7. [PMID: 30035597 PMCID: PMC6238811 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v85i1.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) viruses of the lentogenic pathotypes are often isolated from wild aquatic birds and may mutate to high pathogenicity when they cross into poultry and cause debilitating Newcastle disease. This study characterised AMPV-1 isolated from fresh faecal droppings from wild aquatic birds roosting sites in Uganda. Fresh faecal samples from wild aquatic birds at several waterbodies in Uganda were collected and inoculated into 9–10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. After isolation, the viruses were confirmed as APMV-1 by APMV-1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cleavage site of the fusion protein gene for 24 representative isolates was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed and compared with representative isolates of the different APMV-1 genotypes in the GenBank database. In total, 711 samples were collected from different regions in the country from which 72 isolates were recovered, giving a prevalence of 10.1%. Sequence analysis of 24 isolates revealed that the isolates were all lentogenic, with the typical 111GGRQGR’L117 avirulent motif. Twenty-two isolates had similar amino acid sequences at the cleavage site, which were different from the LaSota vaccine strain by a silent nucleotide substitution T357C. Two isolates, NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU150/2011 and NDV/waterfowl/Uganda/MU186/2011, were different from the rest of the isolates in a single amino acid, with aspartate and alanine at positions 124 and 129, respectively. The results of this study revealed that Ugandan aquatic birds indeed harbour APMV-1 that clustered with class II genotype II strains and had limited genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Wanyana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University.
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138
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El Naggar RF, Rohaim MA, Bazid AH, Ahmed KA, Hussein HA, Munir M. Biological characterization of wild-bird-origin avian avulavirus 1 and efficacy of currently applied vaccines against potential infection in commercial poultry. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2743-2755. [PMID: 29922856 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the type member of the species Avian avulavirus 1 (formerly known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1), causes a highly contagious and economically important disease in a myriad of avian species around the globe. While extensive vaccination programs have been implemented in ND-endemic countries, the disease is continuously spreading in commercial, backyard, and wild captive poultry. In order to investigate the evolution of the virus and assess the efficiency of the vaccine regimens that are currently being applied in commercial poultry, four wild-bird-origin NDV strains were characterized biologically, based on mean death time and intracerebral pathogenicity index, and genetically, based on the cleavage motif (112RRQKRF117) in the fusion (F) protein. Based on these features, all of the isolates were characterized as velogenic strains of NDV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence revealed clustering of these isolates within class II, genotype VII. This class of NDV remains the predominant genotype in the Egyptian poultry industry, as well as in those of many Asian and African countries. To investigate the potential of these wild-bird-origin NDV isolates to cause infection in domesticated poultry and to assess the efficacy of currently available vaccines for protection of commercial poultry, an extensive animal challenge experiment was performed. Cumulative clinicopathological and immunological investigations of virus-challenged chickens indicate that these isolates can potentially be transmitted between chicken and cause systemic infections, and the currently applied vaccines are unable to prevent clinical disease and virus shedding. Taken together, the data represent a comprehensive evaluation of the ability of Egyptian wild-bird-origin NDV strains to cause infection in commercial poultry and highlights the need for a continuous and large-scale surveillance as well as revised vaccine approaches. These integrated and multifaceted strategies would be crucial in any efforts to control and eradicate the disease globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania F El Naggar
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt.,The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.,Division of Biomedical and Life Science, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4TB, UK
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.,Division of Biomedical and Life Science, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4TB, UK.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - AbdelHamid H Bazid
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hussein A Hussein
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK. .,Division of Biomedical and Life Science, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4TB, UK.
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139
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Wajid A, Dundon WG, Hussain T, Babar ME. Pathotyping and genetic characterization of avian avulavirus-1 from domestic and wild waterfowl, geese and black swans in Pakistan, 2014 to 2017. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2513-2518. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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140
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Manoharan VK, Varghese BP, Paldurai A, Samal SK. Effect of fusion protein cleavage site sequence on generation of a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus vaccine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197253. [PMID: 29758054 PMCID: PMC5951571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) causes severe economic loss to poultry industry worldwide. Frequent outbreaks of ND in commercial chickens vaccinated with live vaccines suggest a need to develop improved vaccines that are genetically matched against circulating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains. In this study, the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) sequence of NDV strain Banjarmasin/010 (Banj), a genotype VII NDV, was individually modified using primer mutagenesis to those of avian paramyxovirus (APMV) serotypes 2, 7 and 8 and compared with the recombinant Banjarmasin (rBanj) with avirulent NDV LaSota cleavage site (rBanj-LaSota). These FPCS mutations changed the in vitro cell-to-cell fusion activity and made rBanj FPCS mutant viruses highly attenuated in chickens. When chickens immunized with the rBanj FPCS mutant viruses and challenged with the virulent Banj, there was reduced challenge virus shedding observed compared to chickens immunized with the heterologous vaccine strain LaSota. Among the genotype VII NDV Banj vaccine candidates, rBanj-LaSota and rBanj containing FPCS of APMV-8 induced highest neutralizing antibody titers and protected chickens with reduced challenge virus shedding. These results show the effect of the F protein cleavage site sequence in generating genotype VII matched NDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth K. Manoharan
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Berin P. Varghese
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anandan Paldurai
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siba K. Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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141
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Hu Z, Gu H, Hu J, Hu S, Wang X, Liu X, Jiao X, Liu X. Quantitative proteomics identify an association between extracellular matrix degradation and immunopathology of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus in the spleen in chickens. J Proteomics 2018; 181:201-212. [PMID: 29684681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is characterized with remarkable immunopathology in the spleen in chickens. However, the mechanism for this unique pathological phenotype is not fully understood. Previous transcriptomics data showed that genotype VII NDV JS5/05 caused a greater downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes than genotype IV virus Herts/33 in the spleen. In this study, the role of ECM in pathology of genotype VII NDV was investigated using quantitative proteomics. Pathology studies showed that JS5/05 caused severe immunopathology characterized with remarkable necrosis in the spleen, whereas Herts/33 only induced mild pathological changes. The ECM was firstly enriched from the spleens and ECM proteins of different categories were identified by LC-MS/MS. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that JS5/05 caused a significant disruption of ECM integrity and molecular composition compared to Herts/33. Particularly, JS5/05 induced a more remarkable collagen breakdown in the spleen compared to Herts/33. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and -14 were significantly upregulated by JS5/05 infection. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that differential regulation of ECM proteins by JS5/05 and Herts/33 may impact pathology through different pathways. Therefore, our results suggested that MMP upregulation and consequent ECM degradation contribute to immunopathology of genotype VII NDV in the spleen. SIGNIFICANCE Pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV is characterized with severe immunopathology in the spleen in chickens. Elucidating the mechanism of this pathology phenotype is critical to understand pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV. Here, we present the proteomic data of an important non-cellular compartment, the extracellular matrix (ECM), in the spleen from chickens infected with genotype VII and IV NDVs. Our results suggest that significant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases by genotype VII NDV and consequent disruption of ECM integrity and composition may be associated with immunopathology in the spleen. Moreover, ECM degradation, represented by collagen breakdown, is an important pathology event in the process of genotype VII NDV infection. Our study for the first time presents evidence of ECM regulation by NDV and adds ECM remodeling as a new manifestation for NDV pathology. Our findings also deepen the understanding of NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Han Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-Food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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142
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Susta L, Segovia D, Olivier TL, Dimitrov KM, Shittu I, Marcano V, Miller PJ. Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Quail. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:682-692. [PMID: 29661124 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818767996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a devastating disease of poultry worldwide. The pathogenesis of ND in quail is poorly documented. To characterize the ability of virulent NDV strains to replicate and cause disease in quail, groups of 14 two-week-old Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica) were experimentally inoculated with 108 EID50 (embryo infectious dose 50%) units of 1 of 4 virulent NDV strains: 2 isolated from quail ( N2, N23) and 2 from chickens ( Israel, Pakistan). At day 2 postinfection, noninfected quail (contact group) were added to each infection group to assess the efficacy of virus transmission. Tested NDV strains showed moderate pathogenicity, with highest mortality being 28% for the N2 strain and below 10% for the others. Two N2-inoculated birds showed neurological signs, such as head tremor and ataxia. Microscopic lesions were present in N2-, Israel-, and Pakistan-inoculated birds and consisted of nonsuppurative encephalitis. Contact birds showed no clinical signs or lesions. In both inoculated and contact birds, virus replication was moderate to minimal, respectively, as observed by immunohistochemistry in tissues and virus isolation from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. Strains originally isolated from quail resulted in higher numbers of birds shedding in the inoculation group; however, transmission appeared slightly more efficient with chicken-derived isolates. This study shows that virulent NDV strains have limited replicative potential and mild to moderate disease-inducing ability in Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Susta
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diego Segovia
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy L Olivier
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- 3 Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza and Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Valerie Marcano
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,4 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Patti J Miller
- 2 Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, USA.,5 Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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143
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Zhang P, Ding Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Li J, Tao Z, Fei Y, Xue C, Qian J, Wang X, Li Q, Stoeger T, Chen J, Bi Y, Yin R. Enhanced Replication of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Macrophages Is due to Polarized Activation of Cells by Inhibition of TLR7. Front Immunol 2018; 9:366. [PMID: 29670609 PMCID: PMC5893744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by infections with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important infectious disease affecting wild, peridomestic, and domestic birds worldwide. Vaccines constructed from live, low-virulence (lentogenic) viruses are the most accepted prevention and control strategies for combating ND in poultry across the globe. Avian macrophages are one of the first cell lines of defense against microbial infection, responding to signals in the microenvironment. Although macrophages are considered to be one of the main target cells for NDV infection in vivo, very little is known about the ability of NDV to infect chicken macrophages, and virulence mechanisms of NDV as well as the polarized activation patterns of macrophages and correlation with viral infection and replication. In the present study, a cell culture model (chicken bone marrow macrophage cell line HD11) and three different virulence and genotypes of NDV (including class II virulent NA-1, class II lentogenic LaSota, and class I lentogenic F55) were used to solve the above underlying questions. Our data indicated that all three NDV strains had similar replication rates during the early stages of infection. Virulent NDV titers were shown to increase compared to the other lentogenic strains, and this growth was associated with a strong upregulation of both pro-inflammatory M1-like markers/cytokines and anti-inflammatory M2-like markers/cytokines in chicken macrophages. Virulent NDV was found to block toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 expression, inducing higher expression of type I interferons in chicken macrophages at the late stage of viral infection. Only virulent NDV replication can be inhibited by pretreatment with TLR7 ligand. Overall, this study demonstrated that virulent NDV activates a M1-/M2-like mixed polarized activation of chicken macrophages by inhibition of TLR7, resulting in enhanced replication compared to lentogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingze Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Tao
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidong Fei
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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144
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Phylogenetic Analysis of Pigeon Paramyxoviruses Type-1 Identified in Mourning Collared-doves ( Streptopelia decipiens) in Namibia, Africa. J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:601-606. [PMID: 29595381 DOI: 10.7589/2017-10-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We generated the complete sequence of the fusion ( F) protein gene from six pigeon paramyxoviruses type 1 (PPMV-1) isolated from Mourning Collared-doves ( Streptopelia decipiens) in Namibia, Africa between 2016 and 2017. All of the isolates had an F gene cleavage site motif of 112RRQKRF117 characteristic of virulent viruses. A phylogenetic analysis using the full F gene sequence revealed that the viruses belonged to genotype VIa and were epidemiologically related to PPMV-1s from Asia, Europe, and North America.
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145
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Orynbayev MB, Fereidouni S, Sansyzbai AR, Seidakhmetova BA, Strochkov VM, Nametov AM, Sadikaliyeva SO, Nurgazieva A, Tabynov KK, Rametov NM, Sultankulova KT. Genetic diversity of avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus genotypes VIg and VIIb) circulating in wild birds in Kazakhstan. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1949-1954. [PMID: 29556820 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve current understanding of the molecular epidemiology of avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV-1, formerly avian paramyxovirus 1) in wild birds in Kazakhstan, 860 cloacal swab samples were evaluated. Samples were collected from 37 families of wild birds in nine different regions in the years 2011 and 2014. Overall, 54 positive samples (4.2%) were detected from 17 different families of wild birds, and 16 AAvV-1 isolates were characterized. Three of the isolates contained the fusion protein cleavage site motif RRQKR, and 13 contained KRQKR, which is typical for pathogenic strains of AAvV-1. The AAvV-1 isolates were found to belong to the genotypes VIg and VIIb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhit B Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan.
| | - Sasan Fereidouni
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abylay R Sansyzbai
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhytkul A Seidakhmetova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan
| | - Vitaliy M Strochkov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan
| | - Askar M Nametov
- National Agrarian Scientific Education Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Sandugash O Sadikaliyeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan
| | - Asel Nurgazieva
- Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Kaissar K Tabynov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurkuysa M Rametov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan
| | - Kulyaisan T Sultankulova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan-Science Committee, Kordaiskiy Rayon, 080409, Gvardeiskiy, Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kazakhstan
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146
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Genetic Diversity of Avian Paramyxovirus Type 6 Isolated from Wild Ducks in the Republic of Korea. J Wildl Dis 2018. [PMID: 29517403 DOI: 10.7589/2017-07-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eleven avian paramyxovirus type 6 (APMV-6) isolates from Eurasian Wigeon ( n=5; Anas penelope), Mallards ( n=2; Anas platyrhynchos), and unknown species of wild ducks ( n=4) from Korea were analyzed based on the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid sequences of the fusion (F) gene. Fecal samples were collected in 2010-14. Genotypes were assigned based on phylogenetic analyses. Our results revealed that APMV-6 could be classified into at least two distinct genotypes, G1 and G2. The open reading frame (ORF) of the G1 genotype was 1,668 nt in length, and the putative F0 cleavage site sequence was 113PAPEPRL119. The G2 genotype viruses included five isolates from Eurasian wigeons and four isolates from unknown waterfowl species, together with two reference APMV-6 strains from the Red-necked Stint ( Calidris ruficollis) from Japan and an unknown duck from Italy. There was an N-truncated ORF (1,638 nt), due to an N-terminal truncation of 30 nt in the signal peptide region of the F gene, and the putative F0 cleavage site sequence was 103SIREPRL109. The genetic diversity and ecology of APMV-6 are discussed.
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147
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Gu C, Cheng G, Zhang W, Mehmood K, Hu X. Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Ducks and Pigeons in Hubei, China. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - H Zhang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - C Gu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - G Cheng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - W Zhang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - K Mehmood
- Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - X Hu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, China
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148
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Igwe AO, Shittu I, Okoye JOA. Response of cyclophosphamide-treated broiler chickens to challenge with velogenic Newcastle disease virus. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1434078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarachukwu O. Igwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Ismaila Shittu
- Nigeria Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenzas and other Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - John O. A. Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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149
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He Y, Taylor TL, Dimitrov KM, Butt SL, Stanton JB, Goraichuk IV, Fenton H, Poulson R, Zhang J, Brown CC, Ip HS, Isidoro-Ayza M, Afonso CL. Whole-genome sequencing of genotype VI Newcastle disease viruses from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from wild pigeons reveals continuous evolution and previously unrecognized genetic diversity in the U.S. Virol J 2018; 15:9. [PMID: 29329546 PMCID: PMC5767055 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are highly contagious and cause disease in both wild birds and poultry. A pigeon-adapted variant of genotype VI NDV, often termed pigeon paramyxovirus 1, is commonly isolated from columbids in the United States and worldwide. Complete genomic characterization of these genotype VI viruses circulating in wild columbids in the United States is limited, and due to the genetic variability of the virus, failure of rapid diagnostic detection has been reported. Therefore, in this study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify and characterize these circulating viruses, providing valuable genetic information. NGS enables multiple samples to be deep-sequenced in parallel. When used on FFPE samples, this methodology allows for retrospective studies of infectious organisms. Methods FFPE wild pigeon tissue samples (kidney, liver and spleen) from 10 mortality events in the U.S. between 2010 and 2016 were analyzed using NGS to detect and sequence NDV genomes from randomly amplified total RNA. Results were compared to the previously published immunohistochemistry (IHC) results conducted on the same samples. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the complete and partial fusion gene and complete genome coding sequences. Results Twenty-three out of 29 IHC-positive FFPE pigeon samples were identified as positive for NDV by NGS. Positive samples produced an average genome coverage of 99.6% and an average median depth of 199. A previously described sub-genotype (VIa) and a novel sub-genotype (VIn) of NDV were identified as the causative agent of 10 pigeon mortality events in the U.S. from 2010 to 2016. The distribution of these viruses from the North American lineages match the distribution of the Eurasian collared-doves and rock pigeons in the U.S. Conclusions This work reports the first successful evolutionary study using deep sequencing of complete NDV genomes from FFPE samples of wild bird origin. There are at least two distinct U.S. lineages of genotype VI NDV maintained in wild pigeons that are continuously evolving independently from each other and have no evident epidemiological connections to viruses circulating abroad. These findings support the hypothesis that columbids are serving as reservoirs of virulent NDV in the U.S. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0914-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tonya L Taylor
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Kiril M Dimitrov
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Salman L Butt
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Iryna V Goraichuk
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.,National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Heather Fenton
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Poulson
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Corrie C Brown
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hon S Ip
- National Wildlife Health Center-US Geological Survey, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marcos Isidoro-Ayza
- National Wildlife Health Center-US Geological Survey, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Zhao N, Grund C, Beer M, Harder TC. Engineered recombinant protein products of the avian paramyxovirus type-1 nucleocapsid and phosphoprotein genes for serological diagnosis. Virol J 2018; 15:8. [PMID: 29325564 PMCID: PMC5765633 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV, avian Avulavirus-1, APMV-1) induces a highly contagious and lethal systemic disease in gallinaceous poultry. APMV-1 antibody detection is used for surveillance and to control vaccination, but is hampered by cross-reactivity to other subtypes of avian Avulaviruses. Data are lacking concerning the applicability of NDV V proteins as differential diagnostic marker to distinguish vaccinated from virus-infected birds (DIVA strategy). Methods Full length and C-terminally truncated nucleocapsid (NP) protein, and the unique C-terminal regions of the phospho- (P) and V proteins of the NDV LaSota strain were bacterially expressed as fusion proteins with the multimerization domain of the human C4 binding protein, and used as diagnostic antigens in indirect ELISA. Results When used as diagnostic antigen in indirect ELISAs, recombinant full-length proved to be a sensitive target to detect seroconversion in chickens after APMV-1 vaccination and infection, but revealed some degree of cross reactivity with sera raised against other APMV subtypes. Cross reactivity was abolished but also sensitivity decreased when employing a C-terminal fragment of the NP of NDV as diagnostic antigen. Antibodies to the NDV V protein were mounted in poultry following NDV infection but also, albeit at lower rates and titers, after vaccination with attenuated NDV vaccines. V-specific seroconversion within the flock was incomplete and titers in individual bird transient. Conclusions Indirect ELISA based on bacterially expressed recombinant full-length NP compared favorably with a commercial NDV ELISA based on whole virus antigen, but cross reactivity between the NP proteins of different APMV subtypes could compromise specificity. However, specificity increased when using a less conserved C-terminal fragment of NP instead. Moreover, a serological DIVA strategy built on the NDV V protein was not feasible due to reduced immunogenicity of the V protein and frequent use of live-attenuated NDV vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-0924-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Grund
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timm C Harder
- The Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald, Germany.
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