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Olaratumab Exerts Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Pediatric Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors through Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:847-857. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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102
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PDGF Family Expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Data Compilation from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project Database. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15271. [PMID: 29127351 PMCID: PMC5681588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal primary brain cancer. Due to its therapeutic resistance and aggressiveness, its clinical management is challenging. Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) genes have been enrolled as drivers of this tumour progression as well as potential therapeutic targets. As detailed understanding of the expression pattern of PDGF system in the context of GBM intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity is lacking in the literature, this study aims at characterising PDGF expression in different histologically-defined GBM regions as well as investigating correlation of these genes expression with parameters related to poor prognosis. Z-score normalised expression values of PDGF subunits from multiple slices of 36 GBMs, alongside with clinical and genomic data on those GBMs patients, were compiled from Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project – Allen Institute for Brain Science data sets. PDGF subunits show differential expression over distinct regions of GBM and PDGF family is heterogeneously expressed among different brain lobes affected by GBM. Further, PDGF family expression correlates with bad prognosis factors: age at GBM diagnosis, Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deletion and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 mutation. These findings may aid on clinical management of GBM and development of targeted curative therapies against this devastating tumour.
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103
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Konrad L, Kortum J, Nabham R, Gronbach J, Dietze R, Oehmke F, Berkes E, Tinneberg HR. Composition of the Stroma in the Human Endometrium and Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:1106-1115. [PMID: 28992748 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117734319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To analyze whether the endometrial and endometriotic microenvironment is involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, we characterized the stromal composition. We used CD90 for fibroblasts, α-smooth muscle actin for myofibroblasts as well as CD10 and CD140b for mesenchymal stromal cells. Quantification of eutopic endometrial stroma of cases without endometriosis showed a high percentage of stromal cells positive for CD140b (80.7%) and CD10 (67.4%), a moderate number of CD90-positive cells (57.9%), and very few α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells (8.5%). These values are highly similar to cases with endometriosis showing only minor changes: CD140b (76.7%), CD10 (63%), CD90 (53.9%), and α-smooth muscle actin (6.9%). There are no significant differences in the composition of CD140b- and CD10-positive stromal cells between the eutopic endometrial stroma and the 3 different endometriotic entities (ovarian, peritoneal, and deep infiltrating endometriosis), except for a significant difference between CD10-positive stromal cells in peritoneal lesions compared to ovarian lesions. However, the percentage of CD90-positive stromal cells was reduced in the 3 different endometriotic entities compared to the endometrium, especially significant in the ovarian lesions. In contrast, the percentage of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in the ovary was moderately increased. Taken together, the marker signature of eutopic endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells resembles mostly mesenchymal stromal cells. Our results show clearly that the proportion of the different stromal cell types in the endometrium with or without endometriosis does not differ significantly, thus suggesting that the stromal eutopic endometrial microenvironment does not contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Konrad
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Kortum
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rai Nabham
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,2 Department of Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Judith Gronbach
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raimund Dietze
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Oehmke
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eniko Berkes
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Rudolf Tinneberg
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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104
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Pleniceanu O, Shukrun R, Omer D, Vax E, Kanter I, Dziedzic K, Pode-Shakked N, Mark-Daniei M, Pri-Chen S, Gnatek Y, Alfandary H, Varda-Bloom N, Bar-Lev DD, Bollag N, Shtainfeld R, Armon L, Urbach A, Kalisky T, Nagler A, Harari-Steinberg O, Arbiser JL, Dekel B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is central to the initiation and propagation of human angiomyolipoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:508-530. [PMID: 28275008 PMCID: PMC5376758 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML), the most common benign renal tumor, can result in severe morbidity from hemorrhage and renal failure. While mTORC1 activation is involved in its growth, mTORC1 inhibitors fail to eradicate AML, highlighting the need for new therapies. Moreover, the identity of the AML cell of origin is obscure. AML research, however, is hampered by the lack of in vivo models. Here, we establish a human AML‐xenograft (Xn) model in mice, recapitulating AML at the histological and molecular levels. Microarray analysis demonstrated tumor growth in vivo to involve robust PPARG‐pathway activation. Similarly, immunostaining revealed strong PPARG expression in human AML specimens. Accordingly, we demonstrate that while PPARG agonism accelerates AML growth, PPARG antagonism is inhibitory, strongly suppressing AML proliferation and tumor‐initiating capacity, via a TGFB‐mediated inhibition of PDGFB and CTGF. Finally, we show striking similarity between AML cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antigen and gene expression and differentiation potential. Altogether, we establish the first in vivo human AML model, which provides evidence that AML may originate in a PPARG‐activated renal MSC lineage that is skewed toward adipocytes and smooth muscle and away from osteoblasts, and uncover PPARG as a regulator of AML growth, which could serve as an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Racheli Shukrun
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Kanter
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Klaudyna Dziedzic
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mark-Daniei
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sara Pri-Chen
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Alfandary
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nira Varda-Bloom
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dekel D Bar-Lev
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Naomi Bollag
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel Shtainfeld
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Armon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Achia Urbach
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology and Cord Blood Bank, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta Veterans Administration Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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105
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Takahama S, Adetunji MO, Zhao T, Chen S, Li W, Tomarev SI. Retinal Astrocytes and GABAergic Wide-Field Amacrine Cells Express PDGFRα: Connection to Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection by PDGF-AA. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:4703-4711. [PMID: 28910446 PMCID: PMC5606213 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.21783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our previous experiments demonstrated that intravitreal injection of platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) provides retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neuroprotection in a rodent model of glaucoma. Here we used PDGFRα-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mice to identify retinal cells that may be essential for RGC protection by PDGF-AA. Methods PDGFRα-EGFP mice expressing nuclear-targeted EGFP under the control of the PDGFRα promoter were used. Localization of PDGFRα in the neural retina was investigated by confocal imaging of EGFP fluorescence and immunofluorescent labeling with a panel of antibodies recognizing different retinal cell types. Primary cultures of mouse RGCs were produced by immunopanning. Neurobiotin injection of amacrine cells in a flat-mounted retina was used for the identification of EGFP-positive amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer. Results In the mouse neural retina, PDGFRα was preferentially localized in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. Immunostaining of the retina demonstrated that astrocytes in the ganglion cell layer and a subpopulation of amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer express PDGFRα, whereas RGCs (in vivo or in vitro) did not. PDGFRα-positive amacrine cells are likely to be Type 45 gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) wide-field amacrine cells. Conclusions These data indicate that the neuroprotective effect of PDGF-AA in a rodent model of glaucoma could be mediated by astrocytes and/or a subpopulation of amacrine cells. We suggest that after intravitreal injection of PDGF-AA, these cells secrete factors protecting RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokichi Takahama
- Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Modupe O Adetunji
- Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Tantai Zhao
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Shan Chen
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Stanislav I Tomarev
- Section on Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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106
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Chaiyawat P, Klangjorhor J, Settakorn J, Champattanachai V, Phanphaisarn A, Teeyakasem P, Svasti J, Pruksakorn D. Activation Status of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases as an Early Predictive Marker of Response to Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:846-853. [PMID: 28881260 PMCID: PMC5587873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane receptors that play a vital role in various biological processes, in particular, cell survival, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. These cellular processes are composed of multitiered signaling cascades of kinases starting from ligand binding to extracellular domains of RTKs that activate the entire pathways through tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptors and downstream effectors. A previous study reported that, based on proteomics data, RTKs were a major candidate target for osteosarcoma. In this study, activation profiles of six candidate RTKs, including c-Met, c-Kit, VEGFR2, HER2, FGFR1, and PDGFRα, were directly examined from chemonaive fresh frozen tissues of 32 osteosarcoma patients using a multiplex immunoassay. That examination revealed distinct patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation of RTKs in osteosarcoma cases. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was calculated using Pearson uncentered correlation coefficient to classify RTKs into two groups-Group A (c-Met, c-Kit, VEGFR2, and HER2) and Group B (FGFR1 and PDGFRα)-based on tyrosine phosphorylation patterns. Nonactivation of all Group A RTKs was associated with shorter overall survival in stage IIB osteosarcoma patients. Percentages of tumor necrosis in patients with inactive Group A RTKs were significantly lower than those in patients with at least one active Group A RTK. Paired primary osteosarcoma cells with fresh osteosarcoma tissue were extracted and cultured for cytotoxicity testing. Primary cells with active Group A RTKs tended to be sensitive to doxorubicin and cisplatin. We also found that osteosarcoma cells with active Group A RTKs were more proliferative than cells with inactive Group A RTKs. These findings indicate that the activation pattern of Group A RTKs is a potential risk stratification and chemoresponse predictor and might be used to guide the optimum chemotherapy regimen for osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunya Chaiyawat
- Orthopedic Laboratory and Research Network (OLARN) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Orthopedic Laboratory and Research Network (OLARN) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jongkolnee Settakorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Voraratt Champattanachai
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Areerak Phanphaisarn
- Orthopedic Laboratory and Research Network (OLARN) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Orthopedic Laboratory and Research Network (OLARN) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Orthopedic Laboratory and Research Network (OLARN) Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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107
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Ong HS, Gokavarapu S, Tian Z, Li J, Xu Q, Cao W, Zhang CP. PDGFRA mRNA is overexpressed in oral cancer patients as compared to normal subjects with a significant trend of overexpression among tobacco users. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:591-597. [PMID: 28342264 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factors alpha (PDGFA) is a tyrosine kinase receptor activator which is known to be amplified in the malignancies, and their expression levels are correlated to tumor progression and reduced overall survival. The expression of PDGFRA is different among the tumors and normal tissues; furthermore, their expression level is site specific. Under a physiological condition, PDGFRA and its ligand are expressed in distinct cell populations and activated in a paracrine manner. Nevertheless, heterodimer characteristic of PDGFRA allows it to be trans-activated by non-specific ligands or via autocrine manner. The future of cancer therapy can be based on PDGFRA receptor blockade and therefore warrants further investigation to determine the differing expression of PDGFRA between controls and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS We performed a case-control study of 111 patients with newly diagnosed tongue squamous cell carcinoma and 111 control subjects without a cancer diagnosis, matched for age and gender, to evaluate the association between PDGFRA expression levels in oral mucosa. We then performed smoking stratification in each cohort. Independent t test analysis was applied for case-control comparisons. RESULTS Mean value of PDGFRA mRNA level (-ΔCt) for normal cohort is -30.242, whereas mean value of PDGFRA mRNA level for patients with OSCC is -11.516. PDGFRA mRNA level (-ΔCt) was significantly higher in oral cancer cohort, P<.001. Smokers have a significantly higher PDGFRA mRNA expression in comparison with non-smokers (P=.002) among the non-cancer group. Likewise, this trend is observed in cancer cohort too, P=.044. CONCLUSION PDGFRA expression is significantly higher in oral cancer cohort with or without the establishment of tobacco risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shan Ong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sandhya Gokavarapu
- Head & Neck Oncology Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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108
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Zhu Q, Zhan P, Zhu S, Zhang J, Lv T, Song Y. Patterns and functional implications of platelets upon tumor "education". Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 90:68-80. [PMID: 28754316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While platelets are traditionally recognized to play a predominant role in hemostasis and thrombosis, increasing evidence verifies its involvement in malignancies. As a component of the tumor microenvironment, platelets influence carcinogenesis, tumor metastasis and chemotherapy efficiency. Platelets status is thus predictable as a hematological biomarker of cancer prognosis and a hot target for therapeutic intervention. On the other hand, the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as an inducer of platelet activation and aggregation has been well acknowledged. The cross-talk between platelets and CTCs is reciprocal on that the CTCs activate platelets while platelets contribute to CTCs' survival and dissemination. This review covers some of the current issues related to the loop between platelets and tumor aggression, including the manners of tumor cells in "educating" platelets and biofunctional alterations of platelets upon tumor "education". We also highlight the potential clinical applications on the interplay between tumors and platelets. Further studies with well-designed prospective multicenter trials may contribute to clinical "liquid biopsy" diagnosis by evaluating the global changes of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jianya Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China.
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109
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The potential role of platelets in the consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:273-288. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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110
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Lu J, Shenoy AK. Epithelial-to-Pericyte Transition in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070077. [PMID: 28677655 PMCID: PMC5532613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cells lose epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. These two processes are genetically separable and governed by distinct transcriptional programs, rendering the EMT outputs highly heterogeneous. Our recent study shows that the mesenchymal products generated by EMT often express multiple pericyte markers, associate with and stabilize blood vessels to fuel tumor growth, thus phenotypically and functionally resembling pericytes. Therefore, some EMT events represent epithelial-to-pericyte transition (EPT). The serum response factor (SRF) plays key roles in both EMT and differentiation of pericytes, and may inherently confer the pericyte attributes on EMT cancer cells. By impacting their intratumoral location and cell surface receptor expression, EPT may enable cancer cells to receive and respond to angiocrine factors produced by the vascular niche, and develop therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-3633, USA.
| | - Anitha K Shenoy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Sciences, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA 93612, USA.
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111
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Jayakumar A, Bothwell ALM. Stat6 Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Adenomatous Polyposis by Expansion of MDSCs and Inhibition of Cytotoxic CD8 Response. Neoplasia 2017; 19:595-605. [PMID: 28654863 PMCID: PMC5487300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tumorigenesis in the ApcMin/+ model is initiated by aberrant activation of Wnt pathway. Increased IL-4 expression in human colorectal cancer tissue and growth of colon cancer cell lines implied that IL-4–induced Stat6-mediated tumorigenic signaling likely contributes to intestinal tumor progression in ApcMin/+ mice. Stat6 also appears to promote expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) cells. MDSCs promote polyp formation in the ApcMin/+ model. Hence, Stat6 could have a broad role in coordinating both polyp cell proliferation and MDSC expansion. We found that IL-4–induced Stat6-mediated proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells is augmented by platelet-derived growth factor–BB, a tumor-promoting growth factor. To determine whether polyp progression in ApcMin/+ mice is dependent on Stat6 signaling, we disrupted Stat6 in this model. Total polyps in the small intestine were fewer in ApcMin/+ mice lacking Stat6. Furthermore, proliferation of polyp epithelial cells was reduced, indicating that Stat6 in part controlled polyp formation. Stat6 also promoted expansion of MDSCs in the spleen and lamina propria of ApcMin/+ mice, implying regulation of antitumor T-cell response. More CD8 cells and reduced PD-1 expression on CD4 cells correlated with reduced polyps. In addition, a strong CD8-mediated cytotoxic response led to killing of tumor cells in Stat6-deficient ApcMin/+ mice. Therefore, these findings show that Stat6 has an oncogenic role in intestinal tumorigenesis by promoting polyp cell proliferation and immunosuppressive mediators, and preventing an active cytotoxic process.
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MESH Headings
- Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/etiology
- Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/metabolism
- Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/pathology
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Biomarkers
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/pharmacology
- STAT6 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT6 Transcription Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jayakumar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.
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112
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals a Role for Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 in PDGF-Induced Cell Migration. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638064 PMCID: PMC5479788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) family of ligands have well established functions in the induction of cell proliferation and migration during development, tissue homeostasis and interactions between tumours and stroma. However, the mechanisms by which these actions are executed are incompletely understood. Here we report a differential phosphoproteomics study, using a SILAC approach, of PDGF-stimulated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). 116 phospho-sites were identified as up-regulated and 45 down-regulated in response to PDGF stimulation. These encompass proteins involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton regulation and vesicle-mediated transport, significantly expanding the range of proteins implicated in PDGF signalling pathways. Included in the down-regulated class was the microtubule bundling protein Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP2). In response to stimulation with PDGF, CRMP2 was dephosphorylated on Thr514, an event known to increase CRMP2 activity. This was reversed in the presence of micromolar concentrations of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, implicating PDGF-induced activation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in CRMP2 regulation. Depletion of CRMP2 resulted in impairment of PDGF-mediated cell migration in an in vitro wound healing assay. These results show that CRMP2 is required for PDGF-directed cell migration in vitro.
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113
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Holzer TR, O'Neill Reising L, Credille KM, Schade AE, Oakley GJ. Variability in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Antibody Specificity May Impact Clinical Utility of Immunohistochemistry Assays. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 64:785-810. [PMID: 27837159 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416673979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFRα) is implicated in several types of cancer. Inhibition of the PDGFRα pathway may be a beneficial therapy, and detection of PDGFRα in tumor biopsies may lead to insights about which patients respond to therapy. Exploratory or clinical biomarker use of PDGFRα IHC has been frequently reported, often with polyclonal antibody sc-338. An sc-338-based assay was systematically compared with anti-PDGFRα rabbit monoclonal antibody D13C6 using immunoblot profiling and IHC in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumor cell lines. Application of sc-338 to blots of whole cell lysates showed multiple bands including some of unknown origin, whereas application of D13C6 resulted in a prominent band at the expected molecular mass of PDGFRα. The IHC assay using D13C6 showed appropriate staining in cell lines, whereas the assay using sc-338 suggested nonspecific detection of proteins. An optimized IHC assay using D13C6 showed a range of staining in the tumor stromal compartment in lung and ovarian carcinomas. These observations suggest that use of clone sc-338 produced unreliable results and should not be used for an IHC research grade assay. In addition, this precludes its use as a potential antibody for a clinical diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Holzer
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Leslie O'Neill Reising
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Kelly M Credille
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Andrew E Schade
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
| | - Gerard J Oakley
- Diagnostic and Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (TRH, LOR, KMC, AES, GJO)
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114
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Yan H, Romero-López M, Benitez LI, Di K, Frieboes HB, Hughes CCW, Bota DA, Lowengrub JS. 3D Mathematical Modeling of Glioblastoma Suggests That Transdifferentiated Vascular Endothelial Cells Mediate Resistance to Current Standard-of-Care Therapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4171-4184. [PMID: 28536277 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor in human patients, is decidedly heterogeneous and highly vascularized. Glioma stem/initiating cells (GSC) are found to play a crucial role by increasing cancer aggressiveness and promoting resistance to therapy. Recently, cross-talk between GSC and vascular endothelial cells has been shown to significantly promote GSC self-renewal and tumor progression. Furthermore, GSC also transdifferentiate into bona fide vascular endothelial cells (GEC), which inherit mutations present in GSC and are resistant to traditional antiangiogenic therapies. Here we use three-dimensional mathematical modeling to investigate GBM progression and response to therapy. The model predicted that GSCs drive invasive fingering and that GEC spontaneously form a network within the hypoxic core, consistent with published experimental findings. Standard-of-care treatments using DNA-targeted therapy (radiation/chemo) together with antiangiogenic therapies reduced GBM tumor size but increased invasiveness. Anti-GEC treatments blocked the GEC support of GSCs and reduced tumor size but led to increased invasiveness. Anti-GSC therapies that promote differentiation or disturb the stem cell niche effectively reduced tumor invasiveness and size, but were ultimately limited in reducing tumor size because GECs maintain GSCs. Our study suggests that a combinatorial regimen targeting the vasculature, GSCs, and GECs, using drugs already approved by the FDA, can reduce both tumor size and invasiveness and could lead to tumor eradication. Cancer Res; 77(15); 4171-84. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Yan
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Mónica Romero-López
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Lesly I Benitez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Kaijun Di
- Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California.,Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Daniela A Bota
- Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - John S Lowengrub
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, California. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California.,Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California
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115
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Ishii Y, Hamashima T, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M. Pathogenetic significance and possibility as a therapeutic target of platelet derived growth factor. Pathol Int 2017; 67:235-246. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ishii
- Department of Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Takeru Hamashima
- Department of Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
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116
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Almiron Bonnin DA, Ran C, Havrda MC, Liu H, Hitoshi Y, Zhang Z, Cheng C, Ung M, Israel MA. Insulin-Mediated Signaling Facilitates Resistance to PDGFR Inhibition in Proneural hPDGFB-Driven Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:705-716. [PMID: 28138037 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence implicating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), including the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM), the clinical use of RTK inhibitors in this disease has been greatly compromised by the rapid emergence of therapeutic resistance. To study the resistance of proneural gliomas that are driven by a PDGFR-regulated pathway to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we utilized a mouse model of proneural glioma in which mice develop tumors that become resistant to PDGFR inhibition. We found that tumors resistant to PDGFR inhibition required the expression and activation of the insulin receptor (IR)/insulin growth-like factor receptor (IGF1R) for tumor cell proliferation and survival. Cotargeting IR/IGF1R and PDGFR decreased the emergence of resistant clones in vitro Our findings characterize a novel model of glioma recurrence that implicates the IR/IGF1R signaling axis in mediating the development of resistance to PDGFR inhibition and provide evidence that IR/IGF1R signaling is important in the recurrence of the proneural subtype of glioma in which PDGF/PDGFR is most commonly expressed at a high level. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 705-16. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian A Almiron Bonnin
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Cong Ran
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Yasuyuki Hitoshi
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rosai Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew Ung
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Mark A Israel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; .,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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117
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The Role of PDGFs and PDGFRs in Colorectal Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4708076. [PMID: 28163397 PMCID: PMC5259650 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4708076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Angiogenesis was reported as one important mechanism activated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Tumor microenvironment associated angiogenesis involves a large spectrum of signaling molecules and deciphering their role in colorectal carcinogenesis still represents a major challenge. The aim of our study is to point out the diagnosis and prediction role of PDGF family and their receptors in colorectal carcinogenesis. Material and Methods. A systematic search in Medline and PubMed for studies reporting the role of platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) in tumor biology related to CRC was made. Results. PDGFs are important growth factors for normal tissue growth and division, with an important role in blood vessel formation. PDGFs/PDGFRs signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in angiogenesis mainly by targeting pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. High levels of PDGF-BB were reported in CRC patients compared to those with adenomas, while elevated levels of PDGFR α/β in the stroma of CRC patients were correlated with invasion and metastasis. Moreover, PDGF-AB and PDGF-C were correlated with early diagnosis, cancer grading, and metastatic disease. Conclusions. Both PDGFs and PDGFRs families play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and could be considered to be investigated as useful biomarkers both for diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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118
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Tvedt TH, Nepstad I, Bruserud Ø. Antileukemic effects of midostaurin in acute myeloid leukemia - the possible importance of multikinase inhibition in leukemic as well as nonleukemic stromal cells. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 26:343-355. [PMID: 28001095 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1275564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Midostaurin is a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits receptor tyrosine kinases (Flt3, CD117/c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) as well as non-receptor tyrosine kinases (Frg, Src, Syk, Protein kinase C). Combination of midostaurin with conventional intensive chemotherapy followed by one year maintenance monotherapy was recently reported to improve the survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with Flt3 mutations. Areas covered: Relevant publications were identified through literature searches in the PubMed database. We searched for (i) original articles describing the results from clinical studies; (ii) published articles describing the importance of midostaurin-inhibited kinases for leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity. Expert opinion: Midostaurin monotherapy is well tolerated, combined with conventional chemotherapy gastrointestinal toxicity increases significantly. Midostaurin alters anthracycline pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, its antileukemic effects may not only be mediated through Flt3 inhibition alone; the inhibition of other kinases may also be important for the overall antileukemic effect. Midostaurin may then have direct effects on the leukemic cells but also indirect antileukemic effects through inhibition of the AML-supporting effects of neighboring stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. Midostaurin may thus be used in combination with intensive chemotherapy, as maintenance treatment or as disease-stabilizing treatment for elderly unfit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Henrik Tvedt
- a Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Ina Nepstad
- b Section for Hematology , Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- a Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway.,b Section for Hematology , Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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119
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Appiah-Kubi K, Lan T, Wang Y, Qian H, Wu M, Yao X, Wu Y, Chen Y. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) fusion genes involvement in hematological malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 109:20-34. [PMID: 28010895 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate oncogenic platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR) fusion genes involvement in hematological malignancies, the advances in the PDGFR fusion genes diagnosis and development of PDGFR fusions inhibitors. METHODS Literature search was done using terms "PDGFR and Fusion" or "PDGFR and Myeloid neoplasm" or 'PDGFR and Lymphoid neoplasm' or "PDGFR Fusion Diagnosis" or "PDGFR Fusion Targets" in databases including PubMed, ASCO.org, and Medscape. RESULTS Out of the 36 fusions detected, ETV6(TEL)-PDGFRB and FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusions were frequently detected, 33 are as a result of chromosomal translocation, FIP1L1-PDGFRA and EBF1-PDGFRB are the result of chromosomal deletion and CDK5RAP2- PDGFRΑ is the result of chromosomal insertion. Seven of the 34 rare fusions have detectable reciprocals. CONCLUSION RNA aptamers are promising therapeutic target of PDGFRs and diagnostic tools of PDGFRs fusion genes. Also, PDGFRs have variable prospective therapeutic strategies including small molecules, RNA aptamers, and interference therapeutics as well as development of adaptor protein Lnk mimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Appiah-Kubi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China; Department of Applied Biology, University for Development Studies, Navrongo, Ghana.
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- Basic medical department, Changchun medical college, Changchun, Jilin 130013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China.
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120
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Namba T, Huttner WB. Neural progenitor cells and their role in the development and evolutionary expansion of the neocortex. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 6. [PMID: 27865053 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary expansion of the mammalian brain, notably the neocortex, provides a platform for the higher cognitive abilities that characterize humans. Cortical expansion is accompanied by increased folding of the pial surface, which gives rise to a gyrencephalic (folded) rather than lissencephalic (unfolded) neocortex. This expansion reflects the prolonged and increased proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs). Distinct classes of NPCs can be distinguished based on either cell biological criteria (apical progenitors [APs], basal progenitors [BPs]) or lineage (primary progenitors and secondary progenitors). Cortical expansion in development and evolution is linked to an increased abundance and proliferative capacity of BPs, notably basal radial glial cells, a recently characterized type of secondary progenitor derived from apical radial glial cells, the primary progenitors. To gain insight into the molecular basis underlying the prolonged and increased proliferation of NPCs and in particular BPs, comparative genomic and transcriptomic approaches, mostly for human versus mouse, have been employed and applied to specific NPC types and subpopulations. These have revealed two principal sets of molecular changes. One concerns differences in the expression of common genes between species with different degrees of cortical expansion. The other comprises human-specific genes or genomic regulatory sequences. Various systems that allow functional testing of these genomic and gene expression differences between species have emerged, including transient and stable transgenesis, genome editing, cerebral organoids, and organotypic slice cultures. These provide future avenues for uncovering the molecular basis of cortical expansion. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e256. doi: 10.1002/wdev.256 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Namba
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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121
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Cordella M, Tabolacci C, Rossi S, Senatore C, Facchiano AM, D'Arcangelo D, Facchiano A, Facchiano F. Transglutaminase type 2 affects cell migration through post-translational modification of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Amino Acids 2016; 49:473-481. [PMID: 27633721 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Migration is a key cellular function with important implications in cell physiology. Impairment of such function is observed in angiogenesis, cancer, central nervous system development, and many other physiological and pathological events. Serum is considered among the most potent physiological chemotactic stimuli. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is involved in most of the mentioned processes, suggesting the hypothesis that TG2 may modulate cell movement and chemotaxis by acting on serum factors. Cell biology and biochemistry studies confirmed this hypothesis, showing that human serum contains potent chemotactic signals significantly impaired by activated TG2. Bioinformatics studies indicated that one potent serum factor potential substrate of TG2-dependent transamidation is platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Cell biology and immunometric experiments carried out with U87MG human glioma cell line showed that human recombinant PDGF-BB pre-incubated with calcium-activated TG2 lost about 70 % of its chemotactic activity and antigenicity. These data indicate that PDGF-BB is a substrate of TG2-transamidating activity, and such modification may play a key role in the modulation of PDGF's chemotactic features. Further, these findings suggest a novel point of view to study the extracellular functions of TG2 and to understand how protein signals, such as growth factors and cytokines, act in the extracellular space to reach their specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cordella
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Senatore
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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122
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Seki T, Hosaka K, Lim S, Fischer C, Honek J, Yang Y, Andersson P, Nakamura M, Näslund E, Ylä-Herttuala S, Sun M, Iwamoto H, Li X, Liu Y, Samani NJ, Cao Y. Endothelial PDGF-CC regulates angiogenesis-dependent thermogenesis in beige fat. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12152. [PMID: 27492130 PMCID: PMC4980448 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold- and β3-adrenoceptor agonist-induced sympathetic activation leads to angiogenesis and UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in mouse brown and white adipose tissues. Here we show that endothelial production of PDGF-CC during white adipose tissue (WAT) angiogenesis regulates WAT browning. We find that genetic deletion of endothelial VEGFR2, knockout of the Pdgf-c gene or pharmacological blockade of PDGFR-α impair the WAT-beige transition. We further show that PDGF-CC stimulation upregulates UCP1 expression and acquisition of a beige phenotype in differentiated mouse WAT-PDGFR-α+ progenitor cells, as well as in human WAT-PDGFR-α+ adipocytes, supporting the physiological relevance of our findings. Our data reveal a paracrine mechanism by which angiogenic endothelial cells modulate adipocyte metabolism, which may provide new targets for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Cold-induced activation of thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT), or ‘beiging', is associated with WAT angiogenesis. Here the authors show that PDGF-CC is secreted from endothelial cells in the context of WAT angiogenesis and its paracrine action on adipocytes contributes to cold-induced beiging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Seki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sharon Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Carina Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Honek
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 182 88, Sweden
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, Molecular Sciences University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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Serban F, Daianu O, Tataranu LG, Artene SA, Emami G, Georgescu AM, Alexandru O, Purcaru SO, Tache DE, Danciulescu MM, Sfredel V, Dricu A. Silencing of epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 (ELTD1) via siRNA-induced cell death in glioblastoma. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:21-33. [PMID: 27379831 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1209217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The failure of therapies targeting tumor angiogenesis may be caused by anti-angiogenic resistance mechanisms induced by VEGF and non-VEGF pathways alterations. Anti-angiogenic therapy failure is also attributed to immune system, acting by tumor-associated macrophages that release pro-angiogenic factors and a consequent increase of blood vessels. Recently, in a study by Rheal et al., a new angiogenic receptor, epidermal growth factor, latrophilin, and 7 trans-membrane domain-containing protein 1 on chromosome 1(ELTD1) has been identified as a promising glioma biomarker. In this study we aim to analyse whether this receptor may be used as a target molecule in glioblastoma therapy. Our results showed that small interfering RNA silencing ELTD1 caused cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells. We also found that PDGFR, VEGFR, and their common PI3K/mTOR intracellular pathway inactivation-induced cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells. Further, we found high percent of cytotoxicity in a low passage glioblastoma cell line after BEZ235 (a dual inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR pathway) treatment at nanomolar concentrations, compared to AG1433 (a PDGFR inhibitor) and SU1498 (a VEGFR inhibitor) that were only cytotoxic at micromolar ranges. In the future, these could prove as attractive therapeutic targets in single therapy or coupled with classic therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Serban
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Oana Daianu
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | | | - Stefan-Alexandru Artene
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Ghazaleh Emami
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Ada Maria Georgescu
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Stefana Oana Purcaru
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Daniela Elise Tache
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | | | - Veronica Sfredel
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- a Department of Functional Sciences , University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova , Craiova , Romania
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124
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Platelet-derived growth factor receptor/platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFR/PDGF) system is a prognostic and treatment response biomarker with multifarious therapeutic targets in cancers. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10053-66. [PMID: 27193823 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in cancer biology has led to an increasing discovery of oncogenic alterations of the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) in cancers. In addition, their overexpression in numerous cancers invariably makes PDGFRs and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) prognostic and treatment markers in some cancers. The oncologic alterations of the PDGFR/PDGF system affect the extracellular, transmembrane and tyrosine kinase domains as well as the juxtamembrane segment of the receptor. The receptor is also involved in fusions with intracellular proteins and receptor tyrosine kinase. These discoveries undoubtedly make the system an attractive oncologic therapeutic target. This review covers elementary biology of PDGFR/PDGF system and its role as a prognostic and treatment marker in cancers. In addition, the multifarious therapeutic targets of PDGFR/PDGF system are discussed. Great potential exists in the role of PDGFR/PDGF system as a prognostic and treatment marker and for further exploration of its multifarious therapeutic targets in safe and efficacious management of cancer treatments.
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125
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Yang Y, Andersson P, Hosaka K, Zhang Y, Cao R, Iwamoto H, Yang X, Nakamura M, Wang J, Zhuang R, Morikawa H, Xue Y, Braun H, Beyaert R, Samani N, Nakae S, Hams E, Dissing S, Fallon PG, Langer R, Cao Y. The PDGF-BB-SOX7 axis-modulated IL-33 in pericytes and stromal cells promotes metastasis through tumour-associated macrophages. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11385. [PMID: 27150562 PMCID: PMC4859070 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling molecules and pathways that mediate crosstalk between various tumour cellular compartments in cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. We report a mechanism of the interaction between perivascular cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in promoting metastasis through the IL-33–ST2-dependent pathway in xenograft mouse models of cancer. IL-33 is the highest upregulated gene through activation of SOX7 transcription factor in PDGF-BB-stimulated pericytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments validate that IL-33 promotes metastasis through recruitment of TAMs. Pharmacological inhibition of the IL-33–ST2 signalling by a soluble ST2 significantly inhibits TAMs and metastasis. Genetic deletion of host IL-33 in mice also blocks PDGF-BB-induced TAM recruitment and metastasis. These findings shed light on the role of tumour stroma in promoting metastasis and have therapeutic implications for cancer therapy. Elevated IL-33 levels have been correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Here the authors show in mouse tumour xenograft models that PDGF-BB produced by tumour cells induces IL-33 via Sox7 in tumour pericytes, and IL-33 promotes metastasis through its effects on tumour-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renhai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rujie Zhuang
- The TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hiromasa Morikawa
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Harald Braun
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nilesh Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steen Dissing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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126
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Sarhan AR, Patel TR, Creese AJ, Tomlinson MG, Hellberg C, Heath JK, Hotchin NA, Cunningham DL. Regulation of Platelet Derived Growth Factor Signaling by Leukocyte Common Antigen-related (LAR) Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase: A Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Study. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1823-36. [PMID: 27074791 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling pathways are reliant on protein phosphorylation events that are controlled by a balance of kinase and phosphatase activity. Although kinases have been extensively studied, the role of phosphatases in controlling specific cell signaling pathways has been less so. Leukocyte common antigen-related protein (LAR) is a member of the LAR subfamily of receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs). LAR is known to regulate the activity of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). To gain insight into the signaling pathways regulated by LAR, including those that are PDGF-dependent, we have carried out the first systematic analysis of LAR-regulated signal transduction using SILAC-based quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic techniques. We haveanalyzed differential phosphorylation between wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and MEFs in which the LAR cytoplasmic phosphatase domains had been deleted (LARΔP), and found a significant change in abundance of phosphorylation on 270 phosphosites from 205 proteins because of the absence of the phosphatase domains of LAR. Further investigation of specific LAR-dependent phosphorylation sites and enriched biological processes reveal that LAR phosphatase activity impacts on a variety of cellular processes, most notably regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Analysis of putative upstream kinases that may play an intermediary role between LAR and the identified LAR-dependent phosphorylation events has revealed a role for LAR in regulating mTOR and JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil R Sarhan
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Trushar R Patel
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Creese
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Tomlinson
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Hellberg
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - John K Heath
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Hotchin
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie L Cunningham
- ‡From the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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127
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Endogenous dendritic cells from the tumor microenvironment support T-ALL growth via IGF1R activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1016-25. [PMID: 26862168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520245113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells require stromal-derived signals to survive. Although many studies have identified cell-intrinsic alterations in signaling pathways that promote T-ALL growth, the identity of endogenous stromal cells and their associated signals in the tumor microenvironment that support T-ALL remains unknown. By examining the thymic tumor microenvironments in multiple murine T-ALL models and primary patient samples, we discovered the emergence of prominent epithelial-free regions, enriched for proliferating tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Systematic evaluation of the functional capacity of tumor-associated stromal cells revealed that myeloid cells, primarily DCs, are necessary and sufficient to support T-ALL survival ex vivo. DCs support T-ALL growth both in primary thymic tumors and at secondary tumor sites. To identify a molecular mechanism by which DCs support T-ALL growth, we first performed gene expression profiling, which revealed up-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfrb) and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (Igf1r) on T-ALL cells, with concomitant expression of their ligands by tumor-associated DCs. Both Pdgfrb and Igf1r were activated in ex vivo T-ALL cells, and coculture with tumor-associated, but not normal thymic DCs, sustained IGF1R activation. Furthermore, IGF1R signaling was necessary for DC-mediated T-ALL survival. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that endogenous tumor-associated DCs supply signals driving T-ALL growth, and implicate tumor-associated DCs and their mitogenic signals as auspicious therapeutic targets.
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128
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Wang Y, Appiah-Kubi K, Wu M, Yao X, Qian H, Wu Y, Chen Y. The platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) are major players in oncogenesis, drug resistance, and attractive oncologic targets in cancer. Growth Factors 2016; 34:64-71. [PMID: 27170215 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2016.1180293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) play a key role in signaling pathways in oncogenesis. The overexpression of PDGFs and PDGFRs and the oncogenic alterations of these receptors have been implicated in human cancers and correlated significantly with poor outcomes. This review discusses the biology of the PDGF isoforms and receptors briefly, and their role in oncogenesis. Also, the attractiveness of targeting PDGFs and PDGFRs, based on a wide display of oncologic alterations in cancers, diverse therapeutic strategies, their roles in resistance to cancer treatments with prospects of overcoming drug resistance, and the extent to which validated biomarkers have been developed for effective PDGFs and PDGFRs-based cancer management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- a Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Kwaku Appiah-Kubi
- a Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Applied Biology , University for Development Studies , Navrongo , Ghana , and
| | - Min Wu
- a Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- c Basic Medical Department, Changchun Medical College , Jilin , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian
- a Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- a Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- a Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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129
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Sun Q, Liu L, Mandal J, Molino A, Stolz D, Tamm M, Lu S, Roth M. PDGF-BB induces PRMT1 expression through ERK1/2 dependent STAT1 activation and regulates remodeling in primary human lung fibroblasts. Cell Signal 2016; 28:307-15. [PMID: 26795953 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue remodeling of sub-epithelial mesenchymal cells is a major pathology occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Fibroblasts, as a major source of interstitial connective tissue extracellular matrix, contribute to the fibrotic and inflammatory changes in these airways diseases. Previously, we described that protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) participates in airway remodeling in a rat model of pulmonary inflammation. In this study we investigated the mechanism by which PDGF-BB regulates PRMT1 in primary lung fibroblasts, isolated from human lung biopsies. Fibroblasts were stimulated with PDGF-BB for up-to 48h and the regulatory and activation of signaling pathways controlling PRMT1 expression were determined. PRMT1 was localized by immuno-histochemistry in human lung tissue sections and by immunofluorescence in isolated fibroblasts. PRMT1 activity was suppressed by the pan-PRMT inhibitor AMI1. ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) was blocked by PD98059, p38 MAPK by SB203580, and STAT1 by small interference (si) RNA treatment. The results showed that PDGF-BB significantly increased PRMT1 expression after 1h lasting over 48h, through ERK1/2 MAPK and STAT1 signaling. The inhibition of ERK1/2 MAPK or of PRMT1 activity decreased PDGF-BB induced fibroblast proliferation, COX2 production, collagen-1A1 secretion, and fibronectin production. These findings suggest that PRMT1 is a central regulator of tissue remodeling and that the signaling sequence controlling its expression in primary human lung fibroblast is PDGF-ERK-STAT1. Therefore, PRMT1 presents a novel therapeutic and diagnostic target for the control of airway wall remodeling in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jyotshna Mandal
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Molino
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Michael Roth
- Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
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130
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Popescu AM, Purcaru SO, Alexandru O, Dricu A. New perspectives in glioblastoma antiangiogenic therapy. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 20:109-18. [PMID: 27358588 PMCID: PMC4925727 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.56122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is highly vascularised tumour, known to exhibit enhanced infiltrative potential. One of the characteristics of glioblastoma is microvascular proliferation surrounding necrotic areas, as a response to a hypoxic environment, which in turn increases the expression of angiogenic factors and their signalling pathways (RAS/RAF/ERK/MAPK pathway, PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and WTN signalling cascade). Currently, a small number of anti-angiogenic drugs, extending glioblastoma patients survival, are available for clinical use. Most medications are ineffective in clinical therapy of glioblastoma due to acquired malignant cells or intrinsic resistance, angiogenic receptors cross-activation and redundant intracellular signalling, or the inability of the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier and to reach its target in vivo. Researchers have also observed that GB tumours are different in many aspects, even when they derive from the same tissue, which is the reason for personalised therapy. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating glioblastoma angiogenesis and invasion may be important in the future development of curative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefana Oana Purcaru
- Unit of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova and Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Unit of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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131
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Wei CK, Chang FR, Hsieh PW, Wu CC. Inhibition of the interactions between metastatic human breast cancer cells and platelets by β-nitrostyrene derivatives. Life Sci 2015; 143:147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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132
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Hu W, Huang Y. Targeting the platelet-derived growth factor signalling in cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:1221-4. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weining Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute; Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute; Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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133
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Huethorst E, Krebber MM, Fledderus JO, Gremmels H, Xu YJ, Pei J, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Lymphatic Vascular Regeneration: The Next Step in Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015. [PMID: 26204330 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial fluid drainage, lipid absorption, and immunological defense. Lymphatic dysfunction results in lymphedema, fluid accumulation, and swelling of soft tissues, as well as a potentially impaired immune response. Lymphedema significantly reduces quality of life of patients on a physical, mental, social, and economic basis. Current therapeutic approaches in treatment of lymphatic disease are limited. Over the last decades, great progress has been made in the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance vascular regeneration. These solutions to treat vascular disease may also be applicable in the treatment of lymphatic diseases. Comparison of the organogenic process and biological organization of the vascular and lymphatic systems and studies in the regulatory mechanisms involved in lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis show many common features. In this study, we address the similarities between both transport systems, and focus in depth on the biology of lymphatic development. Based on the current advances in vascular regeneration, we propose different strategies for lymphatic tissue engineering that may be used for treatment of primary and secondary lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Huethorst
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Merle M Krebber
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost O Fledderus
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Juan Xu
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jiayi Pei
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- 1 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIGD, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands .,2 Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Effect of VEGFR, PDGFR and PI3K/mTOR Targeting in Glioblastoma. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2015; 41:325-332. [PMID: 30538838 PMCID: PMC6243508 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.41.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to targeted therapy is a well known obstacle in cancer therapy. The cross-talk between several growth factor receptors generates redundancy in their intracellular pathways that usually mediates resistance to receptor targeted therapy. Simultaneous inactivation of two or more growth factor receptors has been suggested to prevent the cross-talk between their signaling pathways and to better eliminate malignant cells. Here we found that targeted therapy against these receptors induced moderate cell death in glioblastoma cells. More important, dual PDGFR and VEGFR inactivation induced more pronounceable cell death compared to inactivation of each receptor alone but failed to induce synergistic cell death in glioblastoma. PI3K/mTOR dual targeting has been identified as an efficient therapeutic approach in several malignant diseases, including glioblastoma. Therefore, we also investigated the PI3K/mTOR pathways inhibition effect in glioblastoma cells. Our results showed that inactivation of PI3K/mTOR pathways were more efficient than PDGFR or VEGFR single targeting or their dual inhibition.
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135
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Rodriguez-Freixinos V, Mackay HJ. Breaking down the evidence for bevacizumab in advanced cervical cancer: past, present and future. GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 2:8. [PMID: 27231568 PMCID: PMC4881045 DOI: 10.1186/s40661-015-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of screening and, latterly, vaccination programs in the developed world, globally cervical cancer remains a significant health problem. For those diagnosed with advanced or recurrent disease even within resource rich communities, prognosis remains poor with an overall survival (OS) of just over 12 months. New therapeutic interventions are urgently required. Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor growth and the downstream effects of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection identified angiogenesis as a rational target for therapeutic intervention in cervical cancer. Anti-angiogenic agents showed promising activity in early phase clinical trials culminating in a randomized phase III study of the humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab, in combination with chemotherapy. This pivotal study, the Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol 240, met its primary endpoint demonstrating a significant improvement in OS. Bevacizumab became the first targeted agent to be granted regulatory approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use alongside chemotherapy in adults with persistent, recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of the cervix. This review outlines the rationale for targeting angiogenesis in cervical cancer focusing on the current indications for the use of bevacizumab in this disease and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rodriguez-Freixinos
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2 M9 Canada
| | - Helen J. Mackay
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2 M9 Canada
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136
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Prognostic significance of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β expression in localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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137
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Farooqi AA, Siddik ZH. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling in cancer: rapidly emerging signalling landscape. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:257-65. [PMID: 26153649 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated signalling has emerged as one of the most extensively and deeply studied biological mechanism reported to be involved in regulation of growth and survival of different cell types. However, overwhelmingly increasing scientific evidence is also emphasizing on dysregulation of spatio-temporally controlled PDGF-induced signalling as a basis for cancer development. We partition this multi-component review into recently developing understanding of dysregulation PDGF signalling in different cancers, how PDGF receptors are quantitatively controlled by microRNAs. Moreover, we also summarize most recent advancements in therapeutic targeting of PDGFR as evidenced by preclinical studies. Better understanding of the PDGF-induced intracellular signalling in different cancers will be helpful in catalysing the transition from a segmented view of cancer biology to a conceptual continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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138
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Yamaguchi SI, Ueki A, Sugihara E, Onishi N, Yaguchi T, Kawakami Y, Horiuchi K, Morioka H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Muto A, Toyama Y, Saya H, Shimizu T. Synergistic antiproliferative effect of imatinib and adriamycin in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-expressing osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:875-82. [PMID: 25940371 PMCID: PMC4520639 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary solid malignant tumor of bone. Its prognosis remains poor in the substantial proportion of patients who do not respond to chemotherapy and novel therapeutic options are therefore needed. We previously established a mouse model that mimics the aggressive behavior of human OS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based screening of such mouse tumor lysates identified platelet-derived growth factor–BB (PDGF-BB) as an abundant soluble factor, the gene for which was expressed dominantly in surrounding non-malignant cells of the tumor, whereas that for the cognate receptor (PDGF receptor β) was highly expressed in OS cells. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced activation of both MEK–ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathways and promoted survival in OS cells deprived of serum, and these effects were blocked by the PDGF receptor inhibitor imatinib. However, these actions of PDGF-BB and imatinib were mostly masked in the presence of serum. Whereas imatinib alone did not manifest an antitumor effect in mice harboring OS tumors, combined treatment with imatinib and adriamycin exerted a synergistic antiproliferative effect on OS cells in vivo. These results suggest that treatment of OS with imatinib is effective only when cell survival is dependent on PDGF signaling or when imatinib is combined with another therapeutic intervention that renders the tumor cells susceptible to imatinib action, such as by inducing cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka I Yamaguchi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Ueki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Muto
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsune Shimizu
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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139
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Zhao Y, Adjei AA. Targeting Angiogenesis in Cancer Therapy: Moving Beyond Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Oncologist 2015; 20:660-73. [PMID: 26001391 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angiogenesis, or the formation of new capillary blood vessels, occurs primarily during human development and reproduction; however, aberrant regulation of angiogenesis is also a fundamental process found in several pathologic conditions, including cancer. As a process required for invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis constitutes an important point of control of cancer progression. Although not yet completely understood, the complex process of tumor angiogenesis involves highly regulated orchestration of multiple signaling pathways. The proangiogenic signaling molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cognate receptor (VEGF receptor 2 [VEGFR-2]) play a central role in angiogenesis and often are highly expressed in human cancers, and initial clinical efforts to develop antiangiogenic treatments focused largely on inhibiting VEGF/VEGFR signaling. Such approaches, however, often lead to transient responses and further disease progression because angiogenesis is regulated by multiple pathways that are able to compensate for each other when single pathways are inhibited. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor (PDGFR) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor (FGFR) pathways, for example, provide potential escape mechanisms from anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapy that could facilitate resumption of tumor growth. Accordingly, more recent treatments have focused on inhibiting multiple signaling pathways simultaneously. This comprehensive review discusses the limitations of inhibiting VEGF signaling alone as an antiangiogenic strategy, the importance of other angiogenic pathways including PDGF/PDGFR and FGF/FGFR, and the novel current and emerging agents that target multiple angiogenic pathways for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Significant advances in cancer treatment have been achieved with the development of antiangiogenic agents, the majority of which have focused on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. VEGF targeting alone, however, has not proven to be as efficacious as originally hoped, and it is increasingly clear that there are many interconnected and compensatory pathways that can overcome VEGF-targeted inhibition of angiogenesis. Maximizing the potential of antiangiogenic therapy is likely to require a broader therapeutic approach using a new generation of multitargeted antiangiogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alex A Adjei
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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140
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Paulsson J, Ehnman M, Östman A. PDGF receptors in tumor biology: prognostic and predictive potential. Future Oncol 2015; 10:1695-708. [PMID: 25145436 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) exert cell type-specific effects in many different tumor types. They are emerging as key regulators of mesenchymal cells of the tumor microenvironment, and of many common malignancies, such as cancer of the breast, colon and prostate. In some tumor types PDGFRs are genetically activated and are thus directly involved in stimulation of malignant cell growth. Recent studies have uncovered clinically relevant variations in stromal PDGFR expression. High stromal PDGFRβ expression or activation is associated with poor prognosis in breast and prostate cancer. Indications of prognostic significance of stromal PDGFRβ expression in various GI tract tumor types also exist. The prognostic significance of PDGFRα and β in malignant cells of common epithelial tumor types should be further studied. Collectively data suggest that continued characterization of PDGFR expression in human tumors should present opportunities for improved accuracy in prognosis and also allow novel biomarker-based clinical studies exploring the efficacy of PDGFR-directed tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Paulsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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141
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Zhang F, Hao F, An D, Zeng L, Wang Y, Xu X, Cui MZ. The matricellular protein Cyr61 is a key mediator of platelet-derived growth factor-induced cell migration. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8232-42. [PMID: 25623072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent chemoattractant, induces cell migration via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. However, the downstream mediators are still elusive. In particular, the role of extracellular mediators is largely unknown. In this study, we identified the matricellular protein Cyr61, which is de novo synthesized in response to PDGF stimulation, as the key downstream mediator of the ERK and JNK pathways, independent of the p38 MAPK and AKT pathways, and, thereby, it mediates PDGF-induced smooth muscle cell migration but not proliferation. Our results revealed that, when Cyr61 was newly synthesized by PDGF, it was promptly translocated to the extracellular matrix and physically interacted with the plasma membrane integrins α6β1 and αvβ3. We further demonstrate that Cyr61 and integrins are integral components of the PDGF signaling pathway via an "outside-in" signaling route to activate intracellular focal adhesion kinase (FAK), leading to cell migration. Therefore, this study provides the first evidence that the PDGF-induced endogenous extracellular matrix component Cyr61 is a key mediator in modulating cell migration by connecting intracellular PDGF-ERK and JNK signals with integrin/FAK signaling. Therefore, extracellular Cyr61 convergence with growth factor signaling and integrin/FAK signaling is a new concept of growth factor-induced cell migration. The discovered signaling pathway may represent an important therapeutic target in growth factor-mediated cell migration/invasion-related vascular diseases and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and the Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Feng Hao
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Dong An
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Linlin Zeng
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Yi Wang
- the Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, and
| | - Xuemin Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
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142
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Hong H, Chen F, Zhang Y, Cai W. New radiotracers for imaging of vascular targets in angiogenesis-related diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:2-20. [PMID: 25086372 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous advances over the last several decades in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allow for targeted imaging of molecular and cellular events in the living systems. Angiogenesis, a multistep process regulated by the network of different angiogenic factors, has attracted world-wide interests, due to its pivotal role in the formation and progression of different diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and inflammation. In this review article, we will summarize the recent progress in PET or SPECT imaging of a wide variety of vascular targets in three major angiogenesis-related diseases: cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. Faster drug development and patient stratification for a specific therapy will become possible with the facilitation of PET or SPECT imaging and it will be critical for the maximum benefit of patients.
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143
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Amo L, Tamayo-Orbegozo E, Maruri N, Eguizabal C, Zenarruzabeitia O, Riñón M, Arrieta A, Santos S, Monge J, Vesga MA, Borrego F, Larrucea S. Involvement of platelet-tumor cell interaction in immune evasion. Potential role of podocalyxin-like protein 1. Front Oncol 2014; 4:245. [PMID: 25309871 PMCID: PMC4160963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their essential role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are involved in the onset of cancer metastasis by interacting with tumor cells. Platelets release secretory factors that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Furthermore, the formation of platelet-tumor cell aggregates in the bloodstream provides cancer cells with an immune escape mechanism by protecting circulating malignant cells from immune-mediated lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Platelet-tumor cell interaction is accomplished by specific adhesion molecules, including integrins, selectins, and their ligands. Podocalyxin-like protein 1 (PCLP1) is a selectin-ligand protein in which overexpression has been associated with several aggressive cancers. PCLP1 expression enhances cell adherence to platelets in an integrin-dependent process and through the interaction with P-selectin expressed on activated platelets. However, the involvement of PCLP1-induced tumor-platelet interaction in tumor immune evasion still remains unexplored. The identification of selectin ligands involved in the interaction of platelets with tumor cells may provide help for the development of effective therapies to restrain cancer cell dissemination. This article summarizes the current knowledge on molecules that participate in platelet-tumor cell interaction as well as discusses the potential role of PCLP1 as a molecule implicated in tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Tamayo-Orbegozo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Natalia Maruri
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
| | | | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Marta Riñón
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Arantza Arrieta
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Silvia Santos
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues , Galdakao , Spain
| | - Jorge Monge
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues , Galdakao , Spain
| | | | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain ; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain
| | - Susana Larrucea
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain
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