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Seidel O, Carius D, Kenville R, Ragert P. Motor learning in a complex balance task and associated neuroplasticity: a comparison between endurance athletes and nonathletes. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1849-1860. [PMID: 28659467 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00419.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggested that motor expertise is associated with functional and structural brain alterations, which positively affect sensorimotor performance and learning capabilities. The purpose of the present study was to unravel differences in motor skill learning and associated functional neuroplasticity between endurance athletes (EA) and nonathletes (NA). For this purpose, participants had to perform a multimodal balance task (MBT) training on 2 sessions, which were separated by 1 wk. Before and after MBT training, a static balance task (SBT) had to be performed. MBT-induced functional neuroplasticity and neuromuscular alterations were assessed by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electromyography (EMG) during SBT performance. We hypothesized that EA would showed superior initial SBT performance and stronger MBT-induced improvements in SBT learning rates compared with NA. On a cortical level, we hypothesized that MBT training would lead to differential learning-dependent functional changes in motor-related brain regions [such as primary motor cortex (M1)] during SBT performance. In fact, EA showed superior initial SBT performance, whereas learning rates did not differ between groups. On a cortical level, fNIRS recordings (time × group interaction) revealed a stronger MBT-induced decrease in left M1 and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) for deoxygenated hemoglobin in EA. Even more interesting, learning rates were correlated with fNIRS changes in right M1/IPL. On the basis of these findings, we provide novel evidence for superior MBT training-induced functional neuroplasticity in highly trained athletes. Future studies should investigate these effects in different sports disciplines to strengthen previous work on experience-dependent neuroplasticity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor expertise is associated with functional/structural brain plasticity. How such neuroplastic reorganization translates into altered motor learning processes remains elusive. We investigated endurance athletes (EA) and nonathletes (NA) in a multimodal balance task (MBT). EA showed superior static balance performance (SBT), whereas MBT-induced SBT improvements did not differ between groups. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings revealed a differential MBT training-induced decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin in left primary motor cortex and inferior parietal lobe between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seidel
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and.,Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Rouven Kenville
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and.,Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and .,Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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102
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Han K, Davis RA, Chapman SB, Krawczyk DC. Strategy-based reasoning training modulates cortical thickness and resting-state functional connectivity in adults with chronic traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00687. [PMID: 28523229 PMCID: PMC5434192 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have demonstrated training-induced changes in the healthy adult brain. Yet, it remains unclear how the injured brain responds to cognitive training months-to-years after injury. METHODS Sixty individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) were randomized into either strategy-based (N = 31) or knowledge-based (N = 29) training for 8 weeks. We measured cortical thickness and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) before training, immediately posttraining, and 3 months posttraining. RESULTS Relative to the knowledge-based training group, the cortical thickness of the strategy-based training group showed diverse temporal patterns of changes over multiple brain regions (pvertex < .05, pcluster < .05): (1) increases followed by decreases, (2) monotonic increases, and (3) monotonic decreases. However, network-based statistics (NBS) analysis of rsFC among these regions revealed that the strategy-based training group induced only monotonic increases in connectivity, relative to the knowledge-based training group (|Z| > 1.96, pNBS < 0.05). Complementing the rsFC results, the strategy-based training group yielded monotonic improvement in scores for the trail-making test (p < .05). Analyses of brain-behavior relationships revealed that improvement in trail-making scores were associated with training-induced changes in cortical thickness (pvertex < .05, pcluster < .05) and rsFC (pvertex < .05, pcluster < .005) within the strategy-based training group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that training-induced brain plasticity continues through chronic phases of TBI and that brain connectivity and cortical thickness may serve as markers of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Han
- Center for BrainHealthSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTXUSA
| | - Rebecca A. Davis
- Center for BrainHealthSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTXUSA
| | - Sandra B. Chapman
- Center for BrainHealthSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTXUSA
| | - Daniel C. Krawczyk
- Center for BrainHealthSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesThe University of Texas at DallasDallasTXUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
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103
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van de Ven V, Rotarska Jagiela A, Oertel-Knöchel V, Linden DEJ. Reduced intrinsic visual cortical connectivity is associated with impaired perceptual closure in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:45-52. [PMID: 28480163 PMCID: PMC5407639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensory perceptual processing deficits, such as impaired visual object identification and perceptual closure, have been reported in schizophrenia. These perceptual impairments may be associated with neural deficits in visual association areas, including lateral occipital cortex and inferior temporal areas. However, it remains unknown if such deficits can be found in the intrinsic architecture of the visual system. In the current study, we measured perceptual closure performance and resting-state functional connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) in 16 schizophrenia patients and 16 matched healthy controls. We estimated intrinsic functional connectivity using self-organized grouping spatial ICA, which clusters component maps in the subject space according to spatial similarity. Patients performed worse than controls in the perceptual closure task. This impaired closure performance of patients was correlated with increased severity of psychotic symptoms. We also found that intrinsic connectivity of the visual processing system was diminished in patients compared to controls. Lower perceptual closure performance was correlated to lower visual cortical intrinsic connectivity overall. We suggest that schizophrenia is associated with impaired intrinsic connectivity of the visual system, and that it is a potential mechanism leading to impaired visual object perception. These findings contribute to increasing evidence for impairments of higher visual functions in schizophrenia. We found reduced visual resting-state network connectivity in schizophrenia. Reduced connectivity correlated with impaired perceptual closure performance Schizophrenia is associated with impaired intrinsic connectivity of the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van de Ven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Rotarska Jagiela
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main 60528, Germany
| | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main 60528, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
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104
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Lin P, Yang Y, Gao J, De Pisapia N, Ge S, Wang X, Zuo CS, Jonathan Levitt J, Niu C. Dynamic Default Mode Network across Different Brain States. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46088. [PMID: 28382944 PMCID: PMC5382672 DOI: 10.1038/srep46088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a complex dynamic network that is critical for understanding cognitive function. However, whether dynamic topological reconfiguration of the DMN occurs across different brain states, and whether this potential reorganization is associated with prior learning or experience is unclear. To better understand the temporally changing topology of the DMN, we investigated both nodal and global dynamic DMN-topology metrics across different brain states. We found that DMN topology changes over time and those different patterns are associated with different brain states. Further, the nodal and global topological organization can be rebuilt by different brain states. These results indicate that the post-task, resting-state topology of the brain network is dynamically altered as a function of immediately prior cognitive experience, and that these modulated networks are assembled in the subsequent state. Together, these findings suggest that the changing topology of the DMN may play an important role in characterizing brain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Mattarello, 38100, Italy
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Leaning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Nicola De Pisapia
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Mattarello, 38100, Italy
| | - Sheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Leaning Science of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chun S. Zuo
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - James Jonathan Levitt
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA, Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02301, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Shaanxi Xi’an 710061, China
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105
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Saruco E, Di Rienzo F, Nunez-Nagy S, Rubio-Gonzalez MA, Jackson PL, Collet C, Saimpont A, Guillot A. Anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex improves motor imagery benefits on postural control: A pilot study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:480. [PMID: 28352100 PMCID: PMC5428691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing everyday actions requires fine postural control, which is a major focus of functional rehabilitation programs. Among the various range of training methods likely to improve balance and postural stability, motor imagery practice (MIP) yielded promising results. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex was also found to potentiate the benefits of MIP on upper-limb motor tasks. Yet, combining both techniques has not been tested for tasks requiring fine postural control. To determine the impact of MIP and the additional effects of tDCS, 14 participants performed a postural control task before and after two experimental (MIP + anodal or sham tDCS over the primary motor cortex) and one control (control task + sham tDCS) conditions, in a double blind randomized study. Data revealed a significant decrease of the time required to perform the postural task. Greater performance gains were recorded when MIP was paired with anodal tDCS and when the task involved the most complex postural adjustments. Altogether, findings highlight short-term effects of MIP on postural control and suggest that combining MIP with tDCS might also be effective in rehabilitation programs for regaining postural skills in easily fatigable persons and neurologic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Saruco
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Susana Nunez-Nagy
- Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad de Fisioterapia. Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid Barcelona, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Departamento Automática e Informática, Paseo Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip L Jackson
- Université Laval, École de Psychologie, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Collet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Saimpont
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424, LIBM), F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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106
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Changes in fMRI activation in anterior hippocampus and motor cortex during memory retrieval after an intense exercise intervention. Biol Psychol 2017; 124:65-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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107
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Rjosk V, Lepsien J, Kaminski E, Hoff M, Sehm B, Steele CJ, Villringer A, Ragert P. Neural Correlates of Mirror Visual Feedback-Induced Performance Improvements: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:54. [PMID: 28220070 PMCID: PMC5292421 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirror visual feedback (MVF) is a promising approach to enhance motor performance without training in healthy adults as well as in patients with focal brain lesions. There is preliminary evidence that a functional modulation within and between primary motor cortices as assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) might be one candidate mechanism mediating the observed behavioral effects. Recently, studies using task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have indicated that MVF-induced functional changes might not be restricted to the primary motor cortex (M1) but also include higher order regions responsible for perceptual-motor coordination and visual attention. However, aside from these instantaneous task-induced brain changes, little is known about learning-related neuroplasticity induced by MVF. Thus, in the present study, we assessed MVF-induced functional network plasticity with resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). We performed rs-fMRI of 35 right-handed, healthy adults before and after performing a complex ball-rotation task. The primary outcome measure was the performance improvement of the untrained left hand (LH) before and after right hand (RH) training with MVF (mirror group [MG], n = 17) or without MVF (control group [CG], n = 18). Behaviorally, the MG showed superior performance improvements of the untrained LH. In resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC), an interaction analysis between groups showed changes in left visual cortex (V1, V2) revealing an increase of centrality in the MG. Within group comparisons showed further functional alterations in bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), left V4 and left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIP) in the MG, only. Importantly, a correlation analysis revealed a linear positive relationship between MVF-induced improvements of the untrained LH and functional alterations in left SM1. Our results suggest that MVF-induced performance improvements are associated with functional learning-related brain plasticity and have identified additional target regions for non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, a finding of potential interest for neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Rjosk
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jöran Lepsien
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maike Hoff
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard Sehm
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher J Steele
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill UniversityMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Mind and Brain Institute, Charité and Humboldt UniversityBerlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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108
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Thalamo-Sensorimotor Functional Connectivity Correlates with World Ranking of Olympic, Elite, and High Performance Athletes. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1473783. [PMID: 28261504 PMCID: PMC5312054 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1473783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity studies have shown functional reorganization in participants with outstanding motor expertise. Little is known about neural plasticity associated with exceptionally long motor training or of its predictive value for motor performance excellence. The present study utilised resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in a unique sample of world-class athletes: Olympic, elite, and internationally ranked swimmers (n = 30). Their world ranking ranged from 1st to 250th: each had prepared for participation in the Olympic Games. Combining rs-fMRI graph-theoretical and seed-based functional connectivity analyses, it was discovered that the thalamus has its strongest connections with the sensorimotor network in elite swimmers with the highest world rankings (career best rank: 1–35). Strikingly, thalamo-sensorimotor functional connections were highly correlated with the swimmers' motor performance excellence, that is, accounting for 41% of the individual variance in best world ranking. Our findings shed light on neural correlates of long-term athletic performance involving thalamo-sensorimotor functional circuits.
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109
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Mawase F, Bar-Haim S, Shmuelof L. Formation of Long-Term Locomotor Memories Is Associated with Functional Connectivity Changes in the Cerebellar-Thalamic-Cortical Network. J Neurosci 2017; 37:349-361. [PMID: 28077714 PMCID: PMC6596580 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2733-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although motor adaptation is typically rapid, accumulating evidence shows that it is also associated with long-lasting behavioral and neuronal changes. Two processes were suggested to explain the formation of long-term motor memories: recall, reflecting a retrieval of previous motor actions, and faster relearning, reflecting an increased sensitivity to errors. Although these manifestations of motor memories were initially demonstrated in the context of adaptation experiments in reaching, indications of long-term motor memories were also demonstrated recently in other kinds of adaptation such as in locomotor adaptation. Little is known about the neural processes that underlie these distinct aspects of memory. We hypothesize that recall and faster relearning reflect different learning processes that operate at the same time and depend on different neuronal networks. Seventeen subjects performed a multisession locomotor adaptation experiment in the laboratory, together with resting-state and localizer fMRI scans, after the baseline and the locomotor adaptation sessions. We report a modulation of the cerebellar-thalamic-cortical and cerebellar-basal ganglia networks after locomotor adaptation. Interestingly, whereas thalamic-cortical baseline connectivity was correlated with recall, cerebellar-thalamic baseline connectivity was correlated with faster relearning. Our results suggest that separate neuronal networks underlie error sensitivity and retrieval components. Individual differences in baseline resting-state connectivity can predict idiosyncratic combination of these components. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ability to shape our motor behavior rapidly in everyday activity, such as when walking on sand, suggests the existence of long-term motor memories. It was suggested recently that this ability is achieved by the retrieval of previous motor actions and by enhanced relearning capacity. Little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie these memory processes. We studied the modularity in long-term motor memories in the context of locomotor adaptation using resting-state fMRI. We show that retrieval and relearning effects are associated with separate locomotor control networks and that intersubject variability in learning and in the generation of motor memories could be predicted from baseline resting-state connectivity in locomotor-related networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Mawase
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Simona Bar-Haim
- Department of Physical Therapy
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and
| | - Lior Shmuelof
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, and
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, and
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel, and
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110
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Paillard T. Plasticity of the postural function to sport and/or motor experience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:129-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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111
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Wang Z, Zhang D, Liang B, Chang S, Pan J, Huang R, Liu M. Prediction of Biological Motion Perception Performance from Intrinsic Brain Network Regional Efficiency. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:552. [PMID: 27853427 PMCID: PMC5090005 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological motion perception (BMP) refers to the ability to perceive the moving form of a human figure from a limited amount of stimuli, such as from a few point lights located on the joints of a moving body. BMP is commonplace and important, but there is great inter-individual variability in this ability. This study used multiple regression model analysis to explore the association between BMP performance and intrinsic brain activity, in order to investigate the neural substrates underlying inter-individual variability of BMP performance. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and BMP performance data were collected from 24 healthy participants, for whom intrinsic brain networks were constructed, and a graph-based network efficiency metric was measured. Then, a multiple linear regression model was used to explore the association between network regional efficiency and BMP performance. We found that the local and global network efficiency of many regions was significantly correlated with BMP performance. Further analysis showed that the local efficiency rather than global efficiency could be used to explain most of the BMP inter-individual variability, and the regions involved were predominately located in the Default Mode Network (DMN). Additionally, discrimination analysis showed that the local efficiency of certain regions such as the thalamus could be used to classify BMP performance across participants. Notably, the association pattern between network nodal efficiency and BMP was different from the association pattern of static directional/gender information perception. Overall, these findings show that intrinsic brain network efficiency may be considered a neural factor that explains BMP inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bishan Liang
- Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruiwang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China
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112
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Long X, Huang W, Napadow V, Liang F, Pleger B, Villringer A, Witt CM, Nierhaus T, Pach D. Sustained Effects of Acupuncture Stimulation Investigated with Centrality Mapping Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:510. [PMID: 27803655 PMCID: PMC5067410 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture can have instant and sustained effects, however, its mechanisms of action are still unclear. Here, we investigated the sustained effect of acupuncture by evaluating centrality changes in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging after manually stimulating the acupuncture point ST36 at the lower leg or two control point locations (CP1 same dermatome, CP2 different dermatome). Data from a previously published experiment evaluating instant BOLD effects and S2-seed-based resting state connectivity was re-analyzed using eigenvector centrality mapping and degree centrality mapping. These data-driven methods might add new insights into sustained acupuncture effects on both global and local inter-region connectivity (centrality) by evaluating the summary of connections of every voxel. We found higher centrality in parahippocampal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus after ST36 stimulation in comparison to the two control points. These regions are positively correlated to major hubs of the default mode network, which might be the primary network affected by chronic pain. The stronger integration of both regions within the whole-brain connectome after stimulation of ST36 might be a potential contributor to pain modulation by acupuncture. These findings highlight centrality mapping as a valuable analysis for future imaging studies investigating clinically relevant outcomes associated with physiological response to acupuncture stimulation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01079689, ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Long
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany; Acupuncture and Tuina School, The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, CharlestownMA, USA; Department of Radiology, Logan University, ChesterfieldMO, USA
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Burkhard Pleger
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; The Mind-Brain Institute at Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité and Humboldt-UniversitätBerlin, Germany
| | - Claudia M Witt
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany; Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Zurich and University Hospital ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Till Nierhaus
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; The Mind-Brain Institute at Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité and Humboldt-UniversitätBerlin, Germany; Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Pach
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Sun J, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li H, Wei D, Yang W, Qiu J. Training your brain to be more creative: brain functional and structural changes induced by divergent thinking training. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3375-87. [PMID: 27159407 PMCID: PMC6867508 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity is commonly defined as the ability to produce something both novel and useful. Stimulating creativity has great significance for both individual success and social improvement. Although increasing creative capacity has been confirmed to be possible and effective at the behavioral level, few longitudinal studies have examined the extent to which the brain function and structure underlying creativity are plastic. A cognitive stimulation (20 sessions) method was used in the present study to train subjects and to explore the neuroplasticity induced by training. The behavioral results revealed that both the originality and the fluency of divergent thinking were significantly improved by training. Furthermore, functional changes induced by training were observed in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and posterior brain regions. Moreover, the gray matter volume (GMV) was significantly increased in the dACC after divergent thinking training. These results suggest that the enhancement of creativity may rely not only on the posterior brain regions that are related to the fundamental cognitive processes of creativity (e.g., semantic processing, generating novel associations), but also on areas that are involved in top-down cognitive control, such as the dACC and DLPFC. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3375-3387, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Yadan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Haijiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU)Ministry of EducationChongqing400715China
- Faculty of PsychologySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
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114
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Hontanilla B, Cabello A. Spontaneity of smile after facial paralysis rehabilitation when using a non-facial donor nerve. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1305-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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115
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Magon S, Donath L, Gaetano L, Thoeni A, Radue EW, Faude O, Sprenger T. Striatal functional connectivity changes following specific balance training in elderly people: MRI results of a randomized controlled pilot study. Gait Posture 2016; 49:334-339. [PMID: 27479219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practice-induced effects of specific balance training on brain structure and activity in elderly people are largely unknown. AIM In the present study, we investigated morphological and functional brain changes following slacking training (balancing over nylon ribbons) in a group of elderly people. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy volunteers were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention (mean age: 62.3±5.4years) or control group (mean age: 61.8±5.3years). The intervention group completed six-weeks of slackline training. Brain morphological changes were investigated using voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity changes were computed via independent component analysis and seed-based analyses. All analyses were applied to the whole sample and to a subgroup of participants who improved in slackline performance. RESULTS The repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant interaction effect between groups and sessions. Specifically, the Tukey post-hoc analysis revealed a significantly improved slackline standing performance after training for the left leg stance time (pre: 4.5±3.6s vs. 26.0±30.0s, p<0.038) as well as for tandem stance time (pre: 1.4±0.6s vs. post: 4.5±4.0s, p=0.003) in the intervention group. No significant changes in balance performance were observed in the control group. The MRI analysis did not reveal morphological or functional connectivity differences before or after the training between the intervention and control groups (whole sample). However, subsequent analysis in subjects with improved slackline performance showed a decrease of connectivity between the striatum and other brain areas during the training period. CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggest that improved balance performance with slackline training goes along with an increased efficiency of the striatal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Magon
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gaetano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Thoeni
- Medical Image Analysis Center, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till Sprenger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
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Lima CF, Krishnan S, Scott SK. Roles of Supplementary Motor Areas in Auditory Processing and Auditory Imagery. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:527-542. [PMID: 27381836 PMCID: PMC5441995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas have been intensely investigated in relation to their motor functions, they are also consistently reported in studies of auditory processing and auditory imagery. This involvement is commonly overlooked, in contrast to lateral premotor and inferior prefrontal areas. We argue here for the engagement of supplementary motor areas across a variety of sound categories, including speech, vocalizations, and music, and we discuss how our understanding of auditory processes in these regions relate to findings and hypotheses from the motor literature. We suggest that supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas play a role in facilitating spontaneous motor responses to sound, and in supporting a flexible engagement of sensorimotor processes to enable imagery and to guide auditory perception. Hearing and imagining sounds–including speech, vocalizations, and music–can recruit SMA and pre-SMA, which are normally discussed in relation to their motor functions. Emerging research indicates that individual differences in the structure and function of SMA and pre-SMA can predict performance in auditory perception and auditory imagery tasks. Responses during auditory processing primarily peak in pre-SMA and in the boundary area between pre-SMA and SMA. This boundary area is crucially involved in the control of speech and vocal production, suggesting that sounds engage this region in an effector-specific manner. Activating sound-related motor representations in SMA and pre-SMA might facilitate behavioral responses to sounds. This might also support a flexible generation of sensory predictions based on previous experience to enable imagery and guide perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- César F Lima
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Saloni Krishnan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie K Scott
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
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117
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Arm crossing updates brain functional connectivity of the left posterior parietal cortex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28105. [PMID: 27302746 PMCID: PMC4908406 DOI: 10.1038/srep28105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unusual configuration of body parts can cause illusions. For example, when tactile stimuli are delivered to crossed arms a reversal of subjective temporal ordering occurs. Our group has previously demonstrated that arm crossing without sensory stimuli causes activity changes in the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and an assessment of tactile temporal order judgments (TOJs) revealed a positive association between activity in this area, especially the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and the degree of the crossed-hand illusion. Thus, the present study investigated how the IPS actively relates to other cortical areas under arms-crossed and -uncrossed conditions by analyzing the functional connectivity of the IPS. Regions showing connectivity with the IPS overlapped with regions within the default mode network (DMN) but the IPS also showed connectivity with other brain areas, including the frontoparietal control network (FPCN). The right middle/inferior frontal gyrus (MFG/IFG), which is included in the FPCN, showed greater connectivity in the arms-crossed condition than in the arms-uncrossed condition. These findings suggest that there is state-dependent connectivity during arm crossing, and that the left IPS may play an important role during the spatio-temporal updating of arm positions.
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118
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Components of Motor Deficiencies in ADHD and Possible Interventions. Neuroscience 2016; 378:34-53. [PMID: 27235737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence pointing at several types of motor abnormalities found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this article we review findings stemming from different paradigms, and suggest an interweaving approach to the different stages involved in the motor regulation process. We start by reviewing various aspects of motor abnormalities found in ADHD and related brain mechanisms. Then, we classify reported motor impairments associated with ADHD, into four classes of motor stages: Attention to the task, motion preparation, motion execution and motion monitoring. Motor abnormalities and corresponding neural activations are analyzed in the context of each of the four identified motor patterns, along with the interactions among them and with other systems. Given the specifications and models of the role of the four motor impairments in ADHD, we ask what treatments correspond to the identified motor impairments. We analyze therapeutic interventions targeting motor difficulties most commonly experienced among individuals with ADHD; first, Neurofeedback training and EMG-biofeedback. As some of the identified components of attention, planning and monitoring have been shown to be linked to abnormal oscillation patterns in the brain, we examine neurofeedback interventions aimed to address these types of oscillations: Theta/beta frequency training and SCP neurofeedback targeted at elevating the CNV component. Additionally we discuss EMG-Biofeedback interventions targeted at feedback on motor activity. Further we review physical activity and motor interventions aimed at improving motor difficulties, associated with ADHD. These kinds of interventions are shown to be helpful not only in aspects of physical ability, but also in enhancing cognition and executive functioning.
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119
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Tardif CL, Gauthier CJ, Steele CJ, Bazin PL, Schäfer A, Schaefer A, Turner R, Villringer A. Advanced MRI techniques to improve our understanding of experience-induced neuroplasticity. Neuroimage 2016; 131:55-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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120
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Neuroplasticity and MRI: A perfect match. Neuroimage 2016; 131:13-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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121
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Covert neurofeedback without awareness shapes cortical network spontaneous connectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2413-20. [PMID: 27071084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516857113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in blood oxygen level-dependent-functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI)-based neurofeedback reveal that participants can modulate neuronal properties. However, it is unknown whether such training effects can be introduced in the absence of participants' awareness that they are being trained. Here, we show unconscious neurofeedback training, which consequently produced changes in functional connectivity, introduced in participants who received positive and negative rewards that were covertly coupled to activity in two category-selective visual cortex regions. The results indicate that brain networks can be modified even in the complete absence of intention and awareness of the learning situation, raising intriguing possibilities for clinical interventions.
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Carius D, Andrä C, Clauß M, Ragert P, Bunk M, Mehnert J. Hemodynamic Response Alteration As a Function of Task Complexity and Expertise-An fNIRS Study in Jugglers. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:126. [PMID: 27064925 PMCID: PMC4811870 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge about online brain processing during the execution of complex motor tasks with a high motion range still remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hemodynamic responses within sensorimotor networks as well as in visual motion area during the execution of a complex visuomotor task such as juggling. More specifically, we were interested in how far the hemodynamic response as measured with functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) adapts as a function of task complexity and the level of the juggling expertise. We asked expert jugglers to perform different juggling tasks with different levels of complexity such as a 2-ball juggling, 3- and 5-ball juggling cascades. We here demonstrate that expert jugglers show an altered neurovascular response with increasing task complexity, since a 5-ball juggling cascade showed enhanced hemodynamic responses for oxygenated hemoglobin as compared to less complex tasks such as a 3- or 2-ball juggling pattern. Moreover, correlations between the hemodynamic response and the level of the juggling expertise during the 5-ball juggling cascade, acquired by cinematographic video analysis, revealed only a non-significant trend in primary motor cortex, indicating that a higher level of expertise might be associated with lower hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carius
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Department of Sport Science, Martin Luther University of Halle-WittenbergHalle, Germany
| | - Christian Andrä
- Department of School Sport, Institute of Sport Psychology and Sport Pedagogy, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Clauß
- Institute of General Kinesiology and Athletics Training, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of LeipzigLeipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Bunk
- Institute for Applied Training Science Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Mehnert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany; Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
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123
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Huang P, Fang R, Li BY, Chen SD. Exercise-Related Changes of Networks in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:47. [PMID: 27014055 PMCID: PMC4779936 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are accompanied by decline of cognitive functions. Meanwhile, the most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by loss of memory and other intellectual abilities serious to make difficulties for patients in their daily life. MCI is a transition period between normal aging and dementia, which has been used for early detection of emerging dementia. It converts to dementia with an annual rate of 5-15% as compared to normal aging with 1% rate. Small decreases in the conversion rate of MCI to AD might significantly reduce the prevalence of dementia. Thus, it is important to intervene at the preclinical stage. Since there are still no effective drugs to treat AD, non-drug intervention is crucial for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline in aging and MCI populations. Previous studies have found some cognitive brain networks disrupted in aging and MCI population, and physical exercise (PE) could effectively remediate the function of these brain networks. Understanding the exercise-related mechanisms is crucial to design efficient and effective PE programs for treatment/intervention of cognitive decline. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroimaging studies on physical training in normal aging and MCI to identify the potential mechanisms underlying current physical training procedures. Studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and positron emission tomography on brain networks were all included. Based on our review, the default mode network, fronto-parietal network and fronto-executive network are probably the three most valuable targets for efficiency evaluation of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital and Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Bin-Yin Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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124
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Upregulation of cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity after motor learning. Neuroimage 2016; 128:252-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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125
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Klein C, Liem F, Hänggi J, Elmer S, Jäncke L. The "silent" imprint of musical training. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:536-46. [PMID: 26538421 PMCID: PMC6867483 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Playing a musical instrument at a professional level is a complex multimodal task requiring information integration between different brain regions supporting auditory, somatosensory, motor, and cognitive functions. These kinds of task-specific activations are known to have a profound influence on both the functional and structural architecture of the human brain. However, until now, it is widely unknown whether this specific imprint of musical practice can still be detected during rest when no musical instrument is used. Therefore, we applied high-density electroencephalography and evaluated whole-brain functional connectivity as well as small-world topologies (i.e., node degree) during resting state in a sample of 15 professional musicians and 15 nonmusicians. As expected, musicians demonstrate increased intra- and interhemispheric functional connectivity between those brain regions that are typically involved in music perception and production, such as the auditory, the sensorimotor, and prefrontal cortex as well as Broca's area. In addition, mean connectivity within this specific network was positively related to musical skill and the total number of training hours. Thus, we conclude that musical training distinctively shapes intrinsic functional network characteristics in such a manner that its signature can still be detected during a task-free condition. Hum Brain Mapp 37:536-546, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Klein
- Division NeuropsychologyInstitute of Psychology, University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- Division NeuropsychologyInstitute of Psychology, University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Hänggi
- Division NeuropsychologyInstitute of Psychology, University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Elmer
- Division NeuropsychologyInstitute of Psychology, University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division NeuropsychologyInstitute of Psychology, University of ZurichSwitzerland
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of ZurichSwitzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of ZurichSwitzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Dynamic of Healthy Aging, University of ZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Special EducationKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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126
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The Exercising Brain: Changes in Functional Connectivity Induced by an Integrated Multimodal Cognitive and Whole-Body Coordination Training. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:8240894. [PMID: 26819776 PMCID: PMC4706972 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8240894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of “life kinetik” training on brain plasticity in terms of an increased functional connectivity during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The training is an integrated multimodal training that combines motor and cognitive aspects and challenges the brain by introducing new and unfamiliar coordinative tasks. Twenty-one subjects completed at least 11 one-hour-per-week “life kinetik” training sessions in 13 weeks as well as before and after rs-fMRI scans. Additionally, 11 control subjects with 2 rs-fMRI scans were included. The CONN toolbox was used to conduct several seed-to-voxel analyses. We searched for functional connectivity increases between brain regions expected to be involved in the exercises. Connections to brain regions representing parts of the default mode network, such as medial frontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, did not change. Significant connectivity alterations occurred between the visual cortex and parts of the superior parietal area (BA7). Premotor area and cingulate gyrus were also affected. We can conclude that the constant challenge of unfamiliar combinations of coordination tasks, combined with visual perception and working memory demands, seems to induce brain plasticity expressed in enhanced connectivity strength of brain regions due to coactivation.
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127
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Compensation through Functional Hyperconnectivity: A Longitudinal Connectome Assessment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:4072402. [PMID: 26819765 PMCID: PMC4706919 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4072402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major public health concern. Functional MRI has reported alterations in several brain networks following mTBI. However, the connectome-scale brain network changes are still unknown. In this study, sixteen mTBI patients were prospectively recruited from an emergency department and followed up at 4-6 weeks after injury. Twenty-four healthy controls were also scanned twice with the same time interval. Three hundred fifty-eight brain landmarks that preserve structural and functional correspondence of brain networks across individuals were used to investigate longitudinal brain connectivity. Network-based statistic (NBS) analysis did not find significant difference in the group-by-time interaction and time effects. However, 258 functional pairs show group differences in which mTBI patients have higher functional connectivity. Meta-analysis showed that "Action" and "Cognition" are the most affected functional domains. Categorization of connectomic signatures using multiview group-wise cluster analysis identified two patterns of functional hyperconnectivity among mTBI patients: (I) between the posterior cingulate cortex and the association areas of the brain and (II) between the occipital and the frontal lobes of the brain. Our results demonstrate that brain concussion renders connectome-scale brain network connectivity changes, and the brain tends to be hyperactivated to compensate the pathophysiological disturbances.
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128
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Chan RW, Ho LC, Zhou IY, Gao PP, Chan KC, Wu EX. Structural and Functional Brain Remodeling during Pregnancy with Diffusion Tensor MRI and Resting-State Functional MRI. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144328. [PMID: 26658306 PMCID: PMC4675543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pregnancy-induced hormonal changes have been shown to alter the brain at the neuronal level, the exact effects of pregnancy on brain at the tissue level remain unclear. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) were employed to investigate and document the effects of pregnancy on the structure and function of the brain tissues. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley female rats were longitudinally studied at three days before mating (baseline) and seventeen days after mating (G17). G17 is equivalent to the early stage of the third trimester in humans. Seven age-matched nulliparous female rats served as non-pregnant controls and were scanned at the same time-points. For DTI, diffusivity was found to generally increase in the whole brain during pregnancy, indicating structural changes at microscopic levels that facilitated water molecular movement. Regionally, mean diffusivity increased more pronouncedly in the dorsal hippocampus while fractional anisotropy in the dorsal dentate gyrus increased significantly during pregnancy. For rsfMRI, bilateral functional connectivity in the hippocampus increased significantly during pregnancy. Moreover, fractional anisotropy increase in the dentate gyrus appeared to correlate with the bilateral functional connectivity increase in the hippocampus. These findings revealed tissue structural modifications in the whole brain during pregnancy, and that the hippocampus was structurally and functionally remodeled in a more marked manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell W. Chan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leon C. Ho
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Y. Zhou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick P. Gao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin C. Chan
- UPMC Eye Center, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ed X. Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Pierella C, Abdollahi F, Farshchiansadegh A, Pedersen J, Thorp EB, Mussa-Ivaldi FA, Casadio M. Remapping residual coordination for controlling assistive devices and recovering motor functions. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:364-76. [PMID: 26341935 PMCID: PMC4679682 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The concept of human motor redundancy attracted much attention since the early studies of motor control, as it highlights the ability of the motor system to generate a great variety of movements to achieve any well-defined goal. The abundance of degrees of freedom in the human body may be a fundamental resource in the learning and remapping problems that are encountered in human-machine interfaces (HMIs) developments. The HMI can act at different levels decoding brain signals or body signals to control an external device. The transformation from neural signals to device commands is the core of research on brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). However, while BMIs bypass completely the final path of the motor system, body-machine interfaces (BoMIs) take advantage of motor skills that are still available to the user and have the potential to enhance these skills through their consistent use. BoMIs empower people with severe motor disabilities with the possibility to control external devices, and they concurrently offer the opportunity to focus on achieving rehabilitative goals. In this study we describe a theoretical paradigm for the use of a BoMI in rehabilitation. The proposed BoMI remaps the user's residual upper body mobility to the two coordinates of a cursor on a computer screen. This mapping is obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). We hypothesize that the BoMI can be specifically programmed to engage the users in functional exercises aimed at partial recovery of motor skills, while simultaneously controlling the cursor and carrying out functional tasks, e.g. playing games. Specifically, PCA allows us to select not only the subspace that is most comfortable for the user to act upon, but also the degrees of freedom and coordination patterns that the user has more difficulty engaging. In this article, we describe a family of map modifications that can be made to change the motor behavior of the user. Depending on the characteristics of the impairment of each high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) survivor, we can make modifications to restore a higher level of symmetric mobility (left versus right), or to increase the strength and range of motion of the upper body that was spared by the injury. Results showed that this approach restored symmetry between left and right side of the body, with an increase of mobility and strength of all the degrees of freedom in the participants involved in the control of the interface. This is a proof of concept that our BoMI may be used concurrently to control assistive devices and reach specific rehabilitative goals. Engaging the users in functional and entertaining tasks while practicing the interface and changing the map in the proposed ways is a novel approach to rehabilitation treatments facilitated by portable and low-cost technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Pierella
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genova, Italy; Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Farnaz Abdollahi
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ali Farshchiansadegh
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jessica Pedersen
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elias B Thorp
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ferdinando A Mussa-Ivaldi
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Maura Casadio
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genova, Italy
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130
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Hill ES, Vasireddi SK, Wang J, Bruno AM, Frost WN. Memory Formation in Tritonia via Recruitment of Variably Committed Neurons. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2879-88. [PMID: 26549261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have found that functional networks can rapidly add neurons as they build short-term memories, yet little is known about the principles underlying this process. Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging, we found that short-term sensitization of Tritonia's swim motor program involves rapid expansion of the number of participating neurons. Tracking neurons across trials revealed that this involves the conversion of recently discovered variably participating neurons to reliable status. Further, we identify a candidate serotonergic cellular mechanism mediating this process. Our findings reveal a new mechanism for memory formation, involving recruitment of pre-positioned, variably committed neurons into memory networks. This represents a shift from the field's long-term focus on synaptic plasticity, toward a view that certain neurons have characteristics that predispose them to join networks with learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Sunil K Vasireddi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Jean Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Angela M Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - William N Frost
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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131
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Wang J, Lu M, Fan Y, Wen X, Zhang R, Wang B, Ma Q, Song Z, He Y, Wang J, Huang R. Exploring brain functional plasticity in world class gymnasts: a network analysis. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3503-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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132
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Nasrallah FA, To XV, Chen DY, Routtenberg A, Chuang KH. Functional connectivity MRI tracks memory networks after maze learning in rodents. Neuroimage 2015; 127:196-202. [PMID: 26299794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory employs a series of cognitive processes which require the coordination of multiple areas across the brain. However in vivo imaging of cognitive function has been challenging in rodents. Since these processes involve synchronous firing among different brain loci we explored functional connectivity imaging with resting-state fMRI. After 5-day training on a hidden platform watermaze task, notable signal correlations were seen between the hippocampal CA3 and other structures, including thalamus, septum and cingulate cortex, compared to swim control or naïve animals. The connectivity sustained 7 days after training and was reorganized toward the cortex, consistent with views of memory trace distribution leading to memory consolidation. These data demonstrates that, after a cognitive task, altered functional connectivity can be detected in the subsequently sedated rodent using in vivo imaging. This approach paves the way to understand dynamics of area-dependent distribution processes in animal models of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuan Vinh To
- MRI Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Der-Yow Chen
- Psychology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Aryeh Routtenberg
- Psychology, Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- MRI Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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133
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Abstract
In the last few years, neuroscientists have begun to identify associations between individual differences in decision-making and features of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Different tendencies in decision making, such as tolerance for risk, delay or effort, have been linked to various neurobiological measures, such as morphometry, structural connectivity, functional connectivity or the function of neurotransmitter systems. Though far from immutable, these neural features may nonetheless be suitable as relatively stable biomarkers for different decision traits. The establishment of such markers would achieve one of the stated goals of neuroeconomics, which is to improve the prediction of economic behavior across different contexts.
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134
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Clark D, Schumann F, Mostofsky SH. Mindful movement and skilled attention. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:297. [PMID: 26190986 PMCID: PMC4484342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodily movement has long been employed as a foundation for cultivating mental skills such as attention, self-control or mindfulness, with recent studies documenting the positive impacts of mindful movement training, such as yoga and tai chi. A parallel “mind-body connection” has also been observed in many developmental disorders. We elaborate a spectrum of mindfulness by considering ADHD, in which deficient motor control correlates with impaired (disinhibited) behavioral control contributing to defining features of excessive distractibility and impulsivity. These data provide evidence for an important axis of variation for wellbeing, in which skillful cognitive control covaries with a capacity for skillful movement. We review empirical and theoretical literature on attention, cognitive control, mind wandering, mindfulness and skill learning, endorsing a model of skilled attention in which motor plans, attention, and executive goals are seen as mutually co-defining aspects of skilled behavior that are linked by reciprocal inhibitory and excitatory connections. Thus, any movement training should engage “higher-order” inhibition and selection and develop a repertoire of rehearsed procedures that coordinate goals, attention and motor plans. However, we propose that mindful movement practice may improve the functional quality of rehearsed procedures, cultivating a transferrable skill of attention. We adopt Langer’s spectrum of mindful learning that spans from “mindlessness” to engagement with the details of the present task and contrast this with the mental attitudes cultivated in standard mindfulness meditation. We particularly follow Feldenkrais’ suggestion that mindful learning of skills for organizing the body in movement might transfer to other forms of mental activity. The results of mindful movement training should be observed in multiple complementary measures, and may have tremendous potential benefit for individuals with ADHD and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dav Clark
- D-Lab, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Frank Schumann
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore, MD, USA ; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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135
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Mallio CA, Zobel BB, Quattrocchi CC. Evaluating rehabilitation interventions in Parkinson's disease with functional MRI: a promising neuroprotective strategy. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:702-3. [PMID: 26109938 PMCID: PMC4468755 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.156957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Augusto Mallio
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Beomonte Zobel
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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136
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Friederici AD, Singer W. Grounding language processing on basic neurophysiological principles. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:329-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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137
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Verrel J, Almagor E, Schumann F, Lindenberger U, Kühn S. Changes in neural resting state activity in primary and higher-order motor areas induced by a short sensorimotor intervention based on the Feldenkrais method. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:232. [PMID: 25972804 PMCID: PMC4411887 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We use functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate short-term neural effects of a brief sensorimotor intervention adapted from the Feldenkrais method, a movement-based learning method. Twenty-one participants (10 men, 19–30 years) took part in the study. Participants were in a supine position in the scanner with extended legs while an experienced Feldenkrais practitioner used a planar board to touch and apply minimal force to different parts of the sole and toes of their left foot under two experimental conditions. In the local condition, the practitioner explored movement within foot and ankle. In the global condition, the practitioner focused on the connection and support from the foot to the rest of the body. Before (baseline) and after each intervention (post-local, post-global), we measured brain activity during intermittent pushing/releasing with the left leg and during resting state. Independent localizer tasks were used to identify regions of interest (ROI). Brain activity during left-foot pushing did not significantly differ between conditions in sensorimotor areas. Resting state activity (regional homogeneity, ReHo) increased from baseline to post-local in medial right motor cortex, and from baseline to post-global in the left supplementary/cingulate motor area. Contrasting post-global to post-local showed higher ReHo in right lateral motor cortex. ROI analyses showed significant increases in ReHo in pushing-related areas from baseline to both post-local and post-global, and this increase tended to be more pronounced post-local. The results of this exploratory study show that a short, non-intrusive sensorimotor intervention can have short-term effects on spontaneous cortical activity in functionally related brain regions. Increased resting state activity in higher-order motor areas supports the hypothesis that the global intervention engages action-related neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Verrel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin, Germany
| | - Eilat Almagor
- The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frank Schumann
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin, Germany
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138
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Villiger M, Grabher P, Hepp-Reymond MC, Kiper D, Curt A, Bolliger M, Hotz-Boendermaker S, Kollias S, Eng K, Freund P. Relationship between structural brainstem and brain plasticity and lower-limb training in spinal cord injury: a longitudinal pilot study. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:254. [PMID: 25999842 PMCID: PMC4420931 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitative training has shown to improve significantly motor outcomes and functional walking capacity in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). However, whether performance improvements during rehabilitation relate to brain plasticity or whether it is based on functional adaptation of movement strategies remain uncertain. This study assessed training improvement-induced structural brain plasticity in chronic iSCI patients using longitudinal MRI. We used tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to analyze longitudinal brain volume changes associated with intensive virtual reality (VR)-augmented lower limb training in nine traumatic iSCI patients. The MRI data was acquired before and after a 4-week training period (16-20 training sessions). Before training, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and voxel-based cortical thickness (VBCT) assessed baseline morphometric differences in nine iSCI patients compared to 14 healthy controls. The intense VR-augmented training of limb control improved significantly balance, walking speed, ambulation, and muscle strength in patients. Retention of clinical improvements was confirmed by the 3-4 months follow-up. In patients relative to controls, VBM revealed reductions of white matter volume within the brainstem and cerebellum and VBCT showed cortical thinning in the primary motor cortex. Over time, TBM revealed significant improvement-induced volume increases in the left middle temporal and occipital gyrus, left temporal pole and fusiform gyrus, both hippocampi, cerebellum, corpus callosum, and brainstem in iSCI patients. This study demonstrates structural plasticity at the cortical and brainstem level as a consequence of VR-augmented training in iSCI patients. These structural changes may serve as neuroimaging biomarkers of VR-augmented lower limb neurorehabilitation in addition to performance measures to detect improvements in rehabilitative training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Villiger
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Grabher
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Kiper
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Armin Curt
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bolliger
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Spyros Kollias
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kynan Eng
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Freund
- Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK
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139
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Telesford QK, Laurienti PJ, Davenport AT, Friedman DP, Kraft RA, Daunais JB. The effects of chronic alcohol self-administration in nonhuman primate brain networks. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:659-71. [PMID: 25833027 PMCID: PMC6724209 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term alcohol abuse is associated with change in behavior, brain structure, and brain function. However, the nature of these changes is not well understood. In this study, we used network science to analyze a nonhuman primate model of ethanol self-administration to evaluate functional differences between animals with chronic alcohol use and animals with no exposure to alcohol. Of particular interest was how chronic alcohol exposure may affect the resting state network. METHODS Baseline resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in a cohort of vervet monkeys. Animals underwent an induction period where they were exposed to an isocaloric maltose dextrin solution (control) or ethanol in escalating doses over three 30-day epochs. Following induction, animals were given ad libitum access to water and a maltose dextrin solution (control) or water and ethanol for 22 h/d over 12 months. Cross-sectional analyses examined region of interests in hubs and community structure across animals to determine differences between drinking and nondrinking animals after the 12-month free access period. RESULTS Animals were classified as lighter (<2.0 g/kg/d) or heavier drinkers (≥2.0 g/kg/d) based on a median split of their intake pattern during the 12-month ethanol free access period. Statistical analysis of hub connectivity showed significant differences in heavier drinkers for hubs in the precuneus, posterior parietal cortices, superior temporal gyrus, subgenual cingulate, and sensorimotor cortex. Heavier drinkers were also shown to have less consistent communities across the brain compared to lighter drinkers. The different level of consumption between the lighter and heavier drinking monkeys suggests that differences in connectivity may be intake dependent. CONCLUSIONS Animals that consume alcohol show topological differences in brain network organization, particularly in animals that drink heavily. Differences in the resting state network were linked to areas that are associated with spatial association, working memory, and visuomotor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qawi K Telesford
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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140
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Megumi F, Yamashita A, Kawato M, Imamizu H. Functional MRI neurofeedback training on connectivity between two regions induces long-lasting changes in intrinsic functional network. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:160. [PMID: 25870552 PMCID: PMC4377493 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor or perceptual learning is known to influence functional connectivity between brain regions and induce short-term changes in the intrinsic functional networks revealed as correlations in slow blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations. However, no cause-and-effect relationship has been elucidated between a specific change in connectivity and a long-term change in global networks. Here, we examine the hypothesis that functional connectivity (i.e., temporal correlation between two regions) is increased and preserved for a long time when two regions are simultaneously activated or deactivated. Using the connectivity-neurofeedback training paradigm, subjects successfully learned to increase the correlation of activity between the lateral parietal and primary motor areas, regions that belong to different intrinsic networks and negatively correlated before training under the resting conditions. Furthermore, whole-brain hypothesis-free analysis as well as functional network analyses demonstrated that the correlation in the resting state between these areas as well as the correlation between the intrinsic networks that include the areas increased for at least 2 months. These findings indicate that the connectivity-neurofeedback training can cause long-term changes in intrinsic connectivity and that intrinsic networks can be shaped by experience-driven modulation of regional correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukuda Megumi
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International Kyoto, Japan ; Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma, Japan ; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London London, UK
| | - Ayumu Yamashita
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International Kyoto, Japan ; Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International Kyoto, Japan ; Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imamizu
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International Kyoto, Japan ; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology and Osaka University Suita, Japan
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141
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Brain activity during observation and motor imagery of different balance tasks: An fMRI study. Cortex 2015; 64:102-14. [PMID: 25461711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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142
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Arélin K, Mueller K, Barth C, Rekkas PV, Kratzsch J, Burmann I, Villringer A, Sacher J. Progesterone mediates brain functional connectivity changes during the menstrual cycle-a pilot resting state MRI study. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:44. [PMID: 25755630 PMCID: PMC4337344 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in intrinsic brain organization has sparked various innovative approaches to generating comprehensive connectivity-based maps of the human brain. Prior reports point to a sexual dimorphism of the structural and functional human connectome. However, it is uncertain whether subtle changes in sex hormones, as occur during the monthly menstrual cycle, substantially impact the functional architecture of the female brain. Here, we performed eigenvector centrality (EC) mapping in 32 longitudinal resting state fMRI scans of a single healthy subject without oral contraceptive use, across four menstrual cycles, and assessed estrogen and progesterone levels. To investigate associations between cycle-dependent hormones and brain connectivity, we performed correlation analyses between the EC maps and the respective hormone levels. On the whole brain level, we found a significant positive correlation between progesterone and EC in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and bilateral sensorimotor cortex. In a secondary region-of-interest analysis, we detected a progesterone-modulated increase in functional connectivity of both bilateral DLPFC and bilateral sensorimotor cortex with the hippocampus. Our results suggest that the menstrual cycle substantially impacts intrinsic functional connectivity, particularly in brain areas associated with contextual memory-regulation, such as the hippocampus. These findings are the first to link the subtle hormonal fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle, to significant changes in regional functional connectivity in the hippocampus in a longitudinal design, given the limitation of data acquisition in a single subject. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of such a longitudinal Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) design and illustrates a means of creating a personalized map of the human brain by integrating potential mediators of brain states, such as menstrual cycle phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Arélin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany ; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Barth
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paraskevi V Rekkas
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Research Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Burmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany ; Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany ; Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany ; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Mind and Brain Institute, Humboldt University Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Sacher
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Germany ; Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
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143
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Beurskens R, Gollhofer A, Muehlbauer T, Cardinale M, Granacher U. Effects of heavy-resistance strength and balance training on unilateral and bilateral leg strength performance in old adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118535. [PMID: 25695770 PMCID: PMC4335049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “bilateral deficit” (BLD) has been used to describe a reduction in performance during bilateral contractions when compared to the sum of identical unilateral contractions. In old age, maximal isometric force production (MIF) decreases and BLD increases indicating the need for training interventions to mitigate this impact in seniors. In a cross-sectional approach, we examined age-related differences in MIF and BLD in young (age: 20–30 years) and old adults (age: >65 years). In addition, a randomized-controlled trial was conducted to investigate training-specific effects of resistance vs. balance training on MIF and BLD of the leg extensors in old adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to resistance training (n = 19), balance training (n = 14), or a control group (n = 20). Bilateral heavy-resistance training for the lower extremities was performed for 13 weeks (3 × / week) at 80% of the one repetition maximum. Balance training was conducted using predominately unilateral exercises on wobble boards, soft mats, and uneven surfaces for the same duration. Pre- and post-tests included uni- and bilateral measurements of maximal isometric leg extension force. At baseline, young subjects outperformed older adults in uni- and bilateral MIF (all p < .001; d = 2.61–3.37) and in measures of BLD (p < .001; d = 2.04). We also found significant increases in uni- and bilateral MIF after resistance training (all p < .001, d = 1.8-5.7) and balance training (all p < .05, d = 1.3-3.2). In addition, BLD decreased following resistance (p < .001, d = 3.4) and balance training (p < .001, d = 2.6). It can be concluded that both training regimens resulted in increased MIF and decreased BLD of the leg extensors (HRT-group more than BAL-group), almost reaching the levels of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Beurskens
- University of Potsdam, Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- University of Potsdam, Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marco Cardinale
- ASPIRE—Academy for Sports Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- University College London, Institute of Sports Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Urs Granacher
- University of Potsdam, Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
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144
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Kong F, Hu S, Wang X, Song Y, Liu J. Neural correlates of the happy life: The amplitude of spontaneous low frequency fluctuations predicts subjective well-being. Neuroimage 2015; 107:136-145. [PMID: 25463465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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145
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Abstract
In addition to the symptoms singled out by the diagnostic criteria for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a comprehensive definition should inform us of the events that trigger ADHD in both its acute and chronic manifestations; the neurobiology that underlies it; and the evolutionary forces that have kept it in the germ line of our species. These factors are organized in terms of Aristotle's four kinds of "causes," or explanations: formal, efficient, material, and final. This framework systematizes the nosology, biology, psychology, and evolutionary pressures that cause ADHD.
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146
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Ge R, Zhang H, Yao L, Long Z. Motor Imagery Learning Induced Changes in Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2015; 23:138-48. [PMID: 25014958 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2014.2332353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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147
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Matejko AA, Ansari D. Drawing connections between white matter and numerical and mathematical cognition: A literature review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 48:35-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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148
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Kraus N, Hornickel J, Strait DL, Slater J, Thompson E. Engagement in community music classes sparks neuroplasticity and language development in children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1403. [PMID: 25566109 PMCID: PMC4268440 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Children from disadvantaged backgrounds often face impoverished auditory environments, such as greater exposure to ambient noise and fewer opportunities to participate in complex language interactions during development. These circumstances increase their risk for academic failure and dropout. Given the academic and neural benefits associated with musicianship, music training may be one method for providing auditory enrichment to children from disadvantaged backgrounds. We followed a group of primary-school students from gang reduction zones in Los Angeles, CA, USA for 2 years as they participated in Harmony Project. By providing free community music instruction for disadvantaged children, Harmony Project promotes the healthy development of children as learners, the development of children as ambassadors of peace and understanding, and the development of stronger communities. Children who were more engaged in the music program-as defined by better attendance and classroom participation-developed stronger brain encoding of speech after 2 years than their less-engaged peers in the program. Additionally, children who were more engaged in the program showed increases in reading scores, while those less engaged did not show improvements. The neural gains accompanying music engagement were seen in the very measures of neural speech processing that are weaker in children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our results suggest that community music programs such as Harmony Project provide a form of auditory enrichment that counteracts some of the biological adversities of growing up in poverty, and can further support community-based interventions aimed at improving child health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology & Physiology and Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane Hornickel
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
- Data Sense LLCChicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana L. Strait
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Slater
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
| | - Elaine Thompson
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA
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149
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Mori F, Ljoka C, Nicoletti CG, Kusayanagi H, Buttari F, Giordani L, Rossi S, Foti C, Centonze D. CB1 receptor affects cortical plasticity and response to physiotherapy in multiple sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2014; 1:e48. [PMID: 25520956 PMCID: PMC4268035 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapeutic effects of physical therapy in neurologic disorders mostly rely on the promotion of use-dependent synaptic plasticity in damaged neuronal circuits. Genetic differences affecting the efficiency of synaptic plasticity mechanisms could explain why some patients do not respond adequately to the treatment. It is known that physical exercise activates the endocannabinoid system and that stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) promotes synaptic plasticity in both rodents and humans. We thus tested whether CB1R genetic variants affect responsiveness to exercise therapy. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a genetic variant of the CB1R associated with reduced receptor expression (patients with long AAT trinucleotide short tandem repeats in the CNR1 gene) on long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic theta burst stimulation (TBS) of the motor cortex and, in parallel, on clinical response to exercise therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. RESULTS We found that patients with long AAT CNR1 repeats do not express TBS-induced LTP-like cortical plasticity and show poor clinical benefit after exercise therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first evidence that genetic differences within the CB1R may influence clinical responses to exercise therapy, and they strengthen the hypothesis that CB1Rs are involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and in the control of spasticity in humans. This information might be of great relevance for patient stratification and personalized rehabilitation treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mori
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Ljoka
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina G Nicoletti
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Hajime Kusayanagi
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Giordani
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Calogero Foti
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Clinica Neurologica (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, and Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa (C.L., L.G., C.F.), Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Biologia Cellulare, Università Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC)/Fondazione Santa Lucia (F.M., C.G.N., H.K., F.B., S.R., D.C.), Rome, Italy
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150
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Taube W, Lorch M, Zeiter S, Keller M. Non-physical practice improves task performance in an unstable, perturbed environment: motor imagery and observational balance training. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:972. [PMID: 25538598 PMCID: PMC4255492 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For consciously performed motor tasks executed in a defined and constant way, both motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have been shown to promote motor learning. It is not known whether these forms of non-physical training also improve motor actions when these actions have to be variably applied in an unstable and unpredictable environment. The present study therefore investigated the influence of MI balance training (MI_BT) and a balance training combining AO and MI (AO+MI_BT) on postural control of undisturbed and disturbed upright stance on unstable ground. As spinal reflex excitability after classical (i.e., physical) balance training (BT) is generally decreased, we tested whether non-physical BT also has an impact on spinal reflex circuits. Thirty-six participants were randomly allocated into an MI_BT group, in which participants imagined postural exercises, an AO+MI_BT group, in which participants observed videos of other people performing balance exercises and imagined being the person in the video, and a non-active control group (CON). Before and after 4 weeks of non-physical training, balance performance was assessed on a free-moving platform during stance without perturbation and during perturbed stance. Soleus H-reflexes were recorded during stable and unstable stance. The post-measurement revealed significantly decreased postural sway during undisturbed and disturbed stance after both MI_BT and AO+MI_BT. Spinal reflex excitability remained unchanged. This is the first study showing that non-physical training (MI_BT and AO+MI_BT) not only promotes motor learning of “rigid” postural tasks but also improves performance of highly variable and unpredictable balance actions. These findings may be relevant to improve postural control and thus reduce the risk of falls in temporarily immobilized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Taube
- Department of Medicine, Movement and Sport Science, University of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lorch
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Zeiter
- Department of Medicine, Human Movement and Sport Sciences, Universities of Geneva and Lausanne Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Keller
- Department of Medicine, Movement and Sport Science, University of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
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