101
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Riener K, Haslinger S, Raba A, Högerl MP, Cokoja M, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Chemistry of Iron N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, Reactivities, and Catalytic Applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5215-72. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manuel P. Högerl
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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102
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Burgova EN, Tkachev NА, Adamyan LV, Mikoyan VD, Paklina OV, Stepanyan AA, Vanin AF. Dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione suppress experimental endometriosis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 727:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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103
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Synthesis, characterization, and fiber-optic infrared reflectance spectroelectrochemical studies of some dinitrosyl iron diphosphine complexes Fe(NO)2L2 (L = P(C6H4X)3). J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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104
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Martusevich AK, Peretyagin SP, Solov’eva AG, Vanin AF. Estimation of some molecular effects of gaseous nitrogen oxide on human blood in vitro. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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105
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Pulukkody R, Kyran SJ, Drummond MJ, Hsieh CH, Darensbourg DJ, Darensbourg MY. Hammett correlations as test of mechanism of CO-induced disulfide elimination from dinitrosyl iron complexes. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Hammett correlations provide experimental evidence for an unusual role of the frontier molecular orbitals of an iron dinitrosyl unit in CO induced reductive elimination of disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel J. Kyran
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A & M University
- College Station
- , USA
| | | | - Chung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A & M University
- College Station
- , USA
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106
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Skodje KM, Kwon MY, Chung SW, Kim E. Coordination-triggered NO release from a dinitrosyl iron complex leads to anti-inflammatory activity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate control of redox and coordination chemistry of dinitrosyl iron complexes enables them to become anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Ulsan 93 Daehak-ro
- Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Ulsan 93 Daehak-ro
- Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Brown University
- Providence, USA
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107
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Koskenkorva-Frank TS, Weiss G, Koppenol WH, Burckhardt S. The complex interplay of iron metabolism, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species: insights into the potential of various iron therapies to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1174-1194. [PMID: 24036104 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of minute concentrations of superoxide (O2(*-)) and nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide, NO*) plays important roles in several aspects of cellular signaling and metabolic regulation. However, in an inflammatory environment, the concentrations of these radicals can drastically increase and the antioxidant defenses may become overwhelmed. Thus, biological damage may occur owing to redox imbalance-a condition called oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. A complex interplay exists between iron metabolism, O2(*-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and NO*. Iron is involved in both the formation and the scavenging of these species. Iron deficiency (anemia) (ID(A)) is associated with oxidative stress, but its role in the induction of nitrosative stress is largely unclear. Moreover, oral as well as intravenous (iv) iron preparations used for the treatment of ID(A) may also induce oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. Oral administration of ferrous salts may lead to high transferrin saturation levels and, thus, formation of non-transferrin-bound iron, a potentially toxic form of iron with a propensity to induce oxidative stress. One of the factors that determine the likelihood of oxidative and nitrosative stress induced upon administration of an iv iron complex is the amount of labile (or weakly-bound) iron present in the complex. Stable dextran-based iron complexes used for iv therapy, although they contain only negligible amounts of labile iron, can induce oxidative and/or nitrosative stress through so far unknown mechanisms. In this review, after summarizing the main features of iron metabolism and its complex interplay with O2(*-), H2O2, NO*, and other more reactive compounds derived from these species, the potential of various iron therapies to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress is discussed and possible underlying mechanisms are proposed. Understanding the mechanisms, by which various iron formulations may induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, will help us develop better tolerated and more efficient therapies for various dysfunctions of iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija S Koskenkorva-Frank
- Chemical and Preclinical Research and Development, Vifor (International) Ltd., CH-9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Willem H Koppenol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Burckhardt
- Chemical and Preclinical Research and Development, Vifor (International) Ltd., CH-9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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108
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Lu CY, Liaw WF. Formation Pathway of Roussin’s Red Ester (RRE) via the Reaction of a {Fe(NO)2}10 Dinitrosyliron Complex (DNIC) and Thiol: Facile Synthetic Route for Synthesizing Cysteine-Containing DNIC. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13918-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402364p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and
Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry and
Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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109
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Umbrello M, Dyson A, Feelisch M, Singer M. The key role of nitric oxide in hypoxia: hypoxic vasodilation and energy supply-demand matching. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1690-710. [PMID: 23311950 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A mismatch between energy supply and demand induces tissue hypoxia with the potential to cause cell death and organ failure. Whenever arterial oxygen concentration is reduced, increases in blood flow--hypoxic vasodilation--occur in an attempt to restore oxygen supply. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling and effector molecule mediating the body's response to hypoxia, given its unique characteristics of vasodilation (improving blood flow and oxygen supply) and modulation of energetic metabolism (reducing oxygen consumption and promoting utilization of alternative pathways). RECENT ADVANCES This review covers the role of oxygen in metabolism and responses to hypoxia, the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of NO, and mechanisms underlying the involvement of NO in hypoxic vasodilation. Recent insights into NO metabolism will be discussed, including the role for dietary intake of nitrate, endogenous nitrite (NO₂⁻) reductases, and release of NO from storage pools. The processes through which NO levels are elevated during hypoxia are presented, namely, (i) increased synthesis from NO synthases, increased reduction of NO₂⁻ to NO by heme- or pterin-based enzymes and increased release from NO stores, and (ii) reduced deactivation by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. CRITICAL ISSUES Several reviews covered modulation of energetic metabolism by NO, while here we highlight the crucial role NO plays in achieving cardiocirculatory homeostasis during acute hypoxia through both vasodilation and metabolic suppression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We identify a key position for NO in the body's adaptation to an acute energy supply-demand mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Umbrello
- 1 Department of Medicine, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London , London, United Kingdom
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110
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Abstract
S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) are involved in post-translational modifications of many proteins analogous to protein phosphorylation. In addition, RSNO have many physiological roles similar to nitric oxide ((•)NO), which are presumably involving the release of (•)NO from the RSNO. However, the much longer life span in biological systems for RSNO than (•)NO suggests a dominant role for RSNO in mediating (•)NO bioactivity. RSNO are detected in plasma in low nanomolar levels in healthy human subjects. These RSNO are believed to be redirecting the (•)NO to the vasculature. However, the mechanism for the formation of RSNO in vivo has not been established. We have reviewed the reactions of (•)NO with oxygen, metalloproteins, and free radicals that can lead to the formation of RSNO and have evaluated the potential for each mechanism to provide a source for RSNO in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enika Nagababu
- Molecular Dynamics Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Rm No. 5B131, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA,
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111
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Kolesnik B, Palten K, Schrammel A, Stessel H, Schmidt K, Mayer B, Gorren AC. Efficient nitrosation of glutathione by nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:51-64. [PMID: 23660531 PMCID: PMC3734348 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosothiols are increasingly regarded as important participants in a range of physiological processes, yet little is known about their biological generation. Nitrosothiols can be formed from the corresponding thiols by nitric oxide in a reaction that requires the presence of oxygen and is mediated by reactive intermediates (NO₂ or N₂O₃) formed in the course of NO autoxidation. Because the autoxidation of NO is second order in NO, it is extremely slow at submicromolar NO concentrations, casting doubt on its physiological relevance. In this paper we present evidence that at submicromolar NO concentrations the aerobic nitrosation of glutathione does not involve NO autoxidation but a reaction that is first order in NO. We show that this reaction produces nitrosoglutathione efficiently in a reaction that is strongly stimulated by physiological concentrations of Mg(2+). These observations suggest that direct aerobic nitrosation may represent a physiologically relevant pathway of nitrosothiol formation.
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112
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Borodulin RR, Kubrina LN, Serezhenkov VA, Burbaev DS, Mikoyan VD, Vanin AF. Redox conversions of dinitrosyl iron complexes with natural thiol-containing ligands. Nitric Oxide 2013; 35:35-41. [PMID: 23876349 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical spectrophotometric methods, it has been established that biologically active, water-soluble dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) with glutathione are predominantly represented by the diamagnetic binuclear form (B-DNIC) even in the presence of a 10-fold excess of glutathione non-incorporated into DNIC at neutral pH. With the increase in рН to 10-11, B-DNIC are fully converted into the paramagnetic mononuclear form (М-DNIC) with a characteristic EPR signal at g⊥=2.04, g‖=2.014 and gaver.=2.03. After treatment with a strong reducing agent sodium dithionite, both М- and B-DNIC are converted into the paramagnetic form with a characteristic EPR signal at g⊥=2.01, g‖=1.97 and gaver.=2.0. Both forms display similar absorption spectra with absorption bands at 960 and 640nm and a bend at 450nm. After oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, this situation is reversed, which manifests itself in the disappearance of the EPR signal at gaver.=2.0 and complete regeneration of initial absorption spectra of М- or B-DNIC with characteristic absorption bands at 390 or 360 and 310nm, respectively. Treatment of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions with gaseous NO in the presence of Fe(2+) and cysteine yields BSA-bound М-DNIC (М-DNIC-BSA). After treatment with sodium dithionite, the latter undergo transformations similar to those established for low-molecular М-DNIC with glutathione. Based on the complete coincidence of the optical and the EPR characteristics of sodium dithionite-treated М- and B-DNIC and other findings, it is suggested that sodium dithionite-reduced B-DNIC are subject to reversible decomposition into М-DNIC. The reduction and subsequent oxidation of М- and B-DNIC are interpreted in the paradigm of the current concepts of the initial electronic configurations of М- and B-DNIC (d(7) ({Fe(NO)2}(7)) and d(7)-d(7) ({Fe(NO)2}(7)-{Fe(NO)2}(7)), respectively).
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113
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Hsieh CH, Chupik RB, Pinder TA, Darensbourg MY. Dinitrosyl iron adducts of (N2S2)M(NO) complexes (M=Fe, Co) as metallodithiolate ligands. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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114
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Shumaev KB, Gubkina SA, Vanin AF, Burbaev DS, Mokh VP, Topunov AF, Ruuge EK. Formation of a new type of dinitrosyl iron complexes bound to cysteine modified with methylglyoxal. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091302019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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115
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Pulukkody R, Kyran SJ, Bethel RD, Hsieh CH, Hall MB, Darensbourg DJ, Darensbourg MY. Carbon Monoxide Induced Reductive Elimination of Disulfide in an N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)/ Thiolate Dinitrosyl Iron Complex (DNIC). J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:8423-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja403916v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Randara Pulukkody
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Samuel J. Kyran
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ryan D. Bethel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Marcetta Y. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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116
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Vanin AF, Borodulin RR, Kubrina LN, Mikoyan VD, Burbaev DS. Physicochemical features of dinitrosyl iron complexes with natural thiol-containing ligands underlying the biological activities of these complexes. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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117
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Vanin AF, Mojokina GN, Tkachev NA, Mikoyan VD, Borodulin RR, Elistratova NA. Introduction of dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol-containing ligands into animal organism by inhalation method. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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118
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Timoshin AA, Lakomkin VL, Drobotova DY, Ruuge EK, Vanin AF. Transformations of dinitrosyl iron complexes in an isolated rat heart after introduction of this substance into perfusion medium. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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119
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Borodulin RR, Kubrina LN, Mikoyan VD, Poltorakov AP, Shvydkiy VО, Burbaev DS, Serezhenkov VA, Yakhontova ER, Vanin AF. Dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione as NO and NO+ donors. Nitric Oxide 2013; 29:4-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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120
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Tsou CC, Tsai FT, Chen HY, Hsu IJ, Liaw WF. Insight into One-Electron Oxidation of the {Fe(NO)2}9 Dinitrosyl Iron Complex (DNIC): Aminyl Radical Stabilized by [Fe(NO)2] Motif. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:1631-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302537d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chin Tsou
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Te Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yeh Chen
- Department of Molecular Science
and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - I-Jui Hsu
- Department of Molecular Science
and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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121
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Fitzpatrick J, Kalyvas H, Shearer J, Kim E. Dioxygen mediated conversion of {Fe(NO)2}9 dinitrosyl iron complexes to Roussin's red esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5550-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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122
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Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Reactions Mediated by Biologically Relevant Metal Centers. NITROSYL COMPLEXES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND MEDICINE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2013_117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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123
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Tsai FT, Lee YC, Chiang MH, Liaw WF. Nitrate-to-Nitrite-to-Nitric Oxide Conversion Modulated by Nitrate-Containing {Fe(NO)2}9 Dinitrosyl Iron Complex (DNIC). Inorg Chem 2012; 52:464-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3023437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Te Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academic Sinica, NanKang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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124
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Crack JC, Green J, Hutchings MI, Thomson AJ, Le Brun NE. Bacterial iron-sulfur regulatory proteins as biological sensor-switches. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1215-31. [PMID: 22239203 PMCID: PMC3430481 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In recent years, bacterial iron-sulfur cluster proteins that function as regulators of gene transcription have emerged as a major new group. In all cases, the cluster acts as a sensor of the environment and enables the organism to adapt to the prevailing conditions. This can range from mounting a response to oxidative or nitrosative stress to switching between anaerobic and aerobic respiratory pathways. The sensitivity of these ancient cofactors to small molecule reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, in particular, makes them ideally suited to function as sensors. RECENT ADVANCES An important challenge is to obtain mechanistic and structural information about how these regulators function and, in particular, how the chemistry occurring at the cluster drives the subsequent regulatory response. For several regulators, including FNR, SoxR, NsrR, IscR, and Wbl proteins, major advances in understanding have been gained recently and these are reviewed here. CRITICAL ISSUES A common theme emerging from these studies is that the sensitivity and specificity of the cluster of each regulatory protein must be exquisitely controlled by the protein environment of the cluster. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A major future challenge is to determine, for a range of regulators, the key factors for achieving control of sensitivity/specificity. Such information will lead, eventually, to a system understanding of stress response, which often involves more than one regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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125
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The structures of the dicationic tetranitrosyl iron complex with cysteamine [Fe2S2(CH2CH2NH3)2(NO)4]2+ and its decomposition products in protic media: an experimental and theoretical study. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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126
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Hickok JR, Vasudevan D, Thatcher GRJ, Thomas DD. Is S-nitrosocysteine a true surrogate for nitric oxide? Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:962-8. [PMID: 22304688 PMCID: PMC3411343 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiol (RSNO) formation is one manner by which nitric oxide (•NO) exerts its biological effects. There are several proposed mechanisms of formation of RSNO in vivo: auto-oxidation of •NO, transnitrosation, oxidative nitrosylation, and from dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC). Both free •NO, generated by •NO donors, and S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) are widely used to study •NO biology and signaling, including protein S-nitrosation. It is assumed that the cellular effects of both compounds are analogous and indicative of in vivo •NO biology. A quantitative comparison was made of formation of DNIC and RSNO, the major •NO-derived cellular products. In RAW 264.7 cells, both •NO and CysNO were metabolized, leading to rapid intracellular RSNO and DNIC formation. DNIC were the dominant products formed from physiologic •NO concentrations, however, and RSNO were the major product from CysNO treatment. Chelatable iron was necessary for DNIC assembly from either •NO or CysNO, but not for RSNO formation. These profound differences in RSNO and DNIC formation from •NO and CysNO question the use of CysNO as a surrogate for physiologic •NO. Researchers designing experiments intended to elucidate the biological signaling mechanisms of •NO should be aware of these differences and should consider the biological relevance of the use of exogenous CysNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612-7231, USA
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127
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Tran CT, Kim E. Acid-Dependent Degradation of a [2Fe–2S] Cluster by Nitric Oxide. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10086-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camly T. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode
Island 02912, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode
Island 02912, United States
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128
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Tomassini B, Arcuri G, Fortuni S, Sandi C, Ezzatizadeh V, Casali C, Condò I, Malisan F, Al-Mahdawi S, Pook M, Testi R. Interferon gamma upregulates frataxin and corrects the functional deficits in a Friedreich ataxia model. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2855-61. [PMID: 22447512 PMCID: PMC3373236 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common hereditary ataxia, affecting ∼3 in 100 000 individuals in Caucasian populations. It is caused by intronic GAA repeat expansions that hinder the expression of the FXN gene, resulting in defective levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are particularly damaged by frataxin deficiency. There is no specific therapy for FRDA. Here, we show that frataxin levels can be upregulated by interferon gamma (IFNγ) in a variety of cell types, including primary cells derived from FRDA patients. IFNγ appears to act largely through a transcriptional mechanism on the FXN gene. Importantly, in vivo treatment with IFNγ increases frataxin expression in DRG neurons, prevents their pathological changes and ameliorates the sensorimotor performance in FRDA mice. These results disclose new roles for IFNγ in cellular metabolism and have direct implications for the treatment of FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomassini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Arcuri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fortuni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiranjeevi Sandi
- Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK and
| | - Vahid Ezzatizadeh
- Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK and
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Neurology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Ivano Condò
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Florence Malisan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sahar Al-Mahdawi
- Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK and
| | - Mark Pook
- Division of Biosciences, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK and
| | - Roberto Testi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy
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129
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Timoshin AA, Lakomkin VL, Ruuge EK, Vanin AF. Distribution and pharmacokinetics of dinitrosyl iron complexes in rat organs. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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130
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Wang C, Li Y, Ding G, Xie X, Jiang M. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite nanofibers via electrospinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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131
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Skodje KM, Williard PG, Kim E. Conversion of {Fe(NO)2}10 dinitrosyl iron to nitrato iron(III) species by molecular oxygen. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7849-51. [PMID: 22538296 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30443k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new {Fe(NO)(2)}(10) dinitrosyl iron complex possessing a 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligand has been prepared. This complex exhibits dioxygenase activity, converting NO to nitrate (NO(3)(-)) anions. During the oxygenation reaction, formation of reactive nitrating species is implicated, as shown in the effective o-nitration with a phenolic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Skodje
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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132
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Structure and properties of iron nitrosyl complexes with functionalized sulfur-containing ligands. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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133
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Toledo JC, Augusto O. Connecting the Chemical and Biological Properties of Nitric Oxide. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:975-89. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Toledo
- Departamento de Química,
Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento
de Bioquímica,
Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade
de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 26077, CEP 05513-970, São
Paulo, SP, Brazil
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134
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Crack JC, Green J, Thomson AJ, Le Brun NE. Iron-sulfur cluster sensor-regulators. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:35-44. [PMID: 22387135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory proteins that contain an iron-sulfur cluster cofactor constitute a group that is growing both in number and importance, with a range of functions that include sensing of molecular oxygen, stress response, and iron regulation. In all cases, the cluster plays a central role, as a sensory module, in controlling the activity of the regulator. In some cases, the cluster is required for the protein to attain its regulatory form, while in others the active form requires loss or modification of the cluster. In this way, nature has exploited the inherent reactivity of iron-sulfur clusters. Here, we focus on recent advances that provide new insight into the remarkable chemistries exhibited by these regulators, and how they achieve the required levels of sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Crack
- Centre for Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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135
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Xin Y, Pi Z, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Study on the Metabolic Characteristics of Aconite Alkaloids in the Extract of Radix aconiti under Intestinal Bacteria of Rat by UPLC/MSn Technique. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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136
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Serezhenkov VA, Kuznetsov IS, Romantsova TI, Kuznetsova MI, Vanin AF. Antidiabetes drug metformin is a donor of nitric oxide: EPR measurement of efficiency. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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137
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Vanin AF, Burbaev DS. Electronic and spatial structures of water-soluble dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol-containing ligands underlying their ability to act as nitric oxide and nitrosonium ion donors. JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS (HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION : ONLINE) 2012; 2011:878236. [PMID: 22505886 PMCID: PMC3306989 DOI: 10.1155/2011/878236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of mononuclear dinitrosyl iron commplexes (M-DNICs) with thiolate ligands to act as NO donors and to trigger S-nitrosation of thiols can be explain only in the paradigm of the model of the [Fe(+)(NO(+))(2)] core ({Fe(NO)(2)}(7) according to the Enemark-Feltham classification). Similarly, the {(RS(-))(2)Fe(+)(NO(+))(2)}(+) structure describing the distribution of unpaired electron density in M-DNIC corresponds to the low-spin (S = 1/2) state with a d(7) electron configuration of the iron atom and predominant localization of the unpaired electron on MO(d(z2)) and the square planar structure of M-DNIC. On the other side, the formation of molecular orbitals of M-DNIC including orbitals of the iron atom, thiolate and nitrosyl ligands results in a transfer of electron density from sulfur atoms to the iron atom and nitrosyl ligands. Under these conditions, the positive charge on the nitrosyl ligands diminishes appreciably, the interaction of the ligands with hydroxyl ions or with thiols slows down and the hydrolysis of nitrosyl ligands and the S-nitrosating effect of the latter are not manifested. Most probably, the S-nitrosating effect of nitrosyl ligands is a result of weak binding of thiolate ligands to the iron atom under conditions favoring destabilization of M-DNIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly F Vanin
- N. N. Semyonov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia
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138
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Chazov EI, Rodnenkov OV, Zorin AV, Lakomkin VL, Gramovich VV, Vyborov ON, Dragnev AG, Timoshin CACА, Buryachkovskaya LI, Abramov AA, Massenko VP, Arzamastsev EV, Kapelko VI, Vanin AF. Hypotensive effect of Oxacom® containing a dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione: animal studies and clinical trials on healthy volunteers. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:148-56. [PMID: 22326933 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of hypotensive effects of binuclear forms of dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with glutathione, S-nitrosoglutathione (GS-NO) and sodium nitrite (NaNO(2)) on rats has been carried out. The latter appeared to be the least efficient, viz., mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 10 and 30 mmHg at 25 and 100 μmoles/kg of NaNO(2). In contrast, DNIC and GS-NO produced an appreciable hypotensive effect when used at much lower concentrations. GS-NO reduced MAP to the same extent, viz., to 90 mmHg, on a hundredfold dose scale (from 0.4 up to 50 μmoles/kg) with subsequent restoration of MAP within the next 6-15 min. A similar effect was observed for DNIC except that the amplitude of the MAP drop was lower and the duration of hypotension was essentially greater. DNIC with glutathione were selected as a basic material for pilot-scale production of a hypotensive drug (commercial name Oxacom®). Preliminary pharmacological testing of Oxacom did not establish any adverse or deleterious side effects. Clinical trials of Oxacom® were performed on 14 healthy male volunteers in whom single intravenous infusion of the drug (5mg/kg or 0.2 μmoles/kg of DNIC, respectively) evoked a characteristic response manifested as a 3-4 min drop by 24-27 mmHg of both diastolic and systolic AP with its subsequent slow restoration within the next 8-10h. The heart rate was quickly normalized after an initial increase. Cardiac output was unchanged despite reduced cardiac filling. A comprehensive analysis of clinical and biochemical data failed to establish any significant pathological changes in these parameters. The data obtained suggest that Oxacom® can be recommended for the second phase of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny I Chazov
- Russian Cardiological Research and Productive Complex, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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139
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Suryo Rahmanto Y, Kalinowski DS, Lane DJR, Lok HC, Richardson V, Richardson DR. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) storage and transport by dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complexes: long-lived NO that is trafficked by interacting proteins. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:6960-8. [PMID: 22262835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.329847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen monoxide (NO) markedly affects intracellular iron metabolism, and recent studies have shown that molecules traditionally involved in drug resistance, namely GST and MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1), are critical molecular players in this process. This is mediated by interaction of these proteins with dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complexes (Watts, R. N., Hawkins, C., Ponka, P., and Richardson, D. R. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 7670-7675; Lok, H. C., Suryo Rahmanto, Y., Hawkins, C. L., Kalinowski, D. S., Morrow, C. S., Townsend, A. J., Ponka, P., and Richardson, D. R. (2012) J. Biol. Chem. 287, 607-618). These complexes are bioavailable, have a markedly longer half-life compared with free NO, and form in cells after an interaction between iron, NO, and glutathione. The generation of dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complexes acts as a common currency for NO transport and storage by MRP1 and GST P1-1, respectively. Understanding the biological trafficking mechanisms involved in the metabolism of NO is vital for elucidating its many roles in cellular signaling and cytotoxicity and for development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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140
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Li Q, Lancaster JR. A Conspectus of Cellular Mechanisms of Nitrosothiol Formation from Nitric Oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:183-191. [PMID: 23503678 DOI: 10.1615/forumimmundisther.2012006372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although chemical mechanisms for the formation of nitrosothiol from •NO have been studied extensively "in the test tube", surprisingly little is known regarding the mechanism(s) of how nitrosothiols are formed in vivo. This lack of understanding has hampered more general acceptance of the concept of cysteine nitrosothiol formation as a generally applicable, regulated, and functionally significant protein posttranslational modification (as opposed to multiple other •NO-induced thiol modifications). Here we provide a brief overview/summary of the cellular formation of nitrosothiols from •NO via two possible mechanisms involving oxygen or transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Center for Free Radical Biology Departments of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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141
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[(TMEDA)Co(NO)2][BPh4]: A versatile synthetic entry point to four and five coordinate {Co(NO)2}10 complexes. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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142
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Hess JL, Hsieh CH, Brothers SM, Hall MB, Darensbourg MY. Self-assembly of dinitrosyl iron units into imidazolate-edge-bridged molecular squares: characterization including Mössbauer spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20426-34. [PMID: 22074010 DOI: 10.1021/ja208384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolate-containing {Fe(NO)(2)}(9) molecular squares have been synthesized by oxidative CO displacement from the reduced Fe(CO)(2)(NO)(2) precursor. The structures of complex 1 [(imidazole)Fe(NO)(2)](4), (Ford, Li, et al.; Chem. Commun.2005, 477-479), 2 [(2-isopropylimidazole)Fe(NO)(2)](4), and 3 [(benzimidazole)Fe(NO)(2)](4), as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, find precise square planes of irons with imidazolates bridging the edges and nitrosyl ligands capping the irons at the corners. The orientation of the imidazolate ligands in each of the complexes results in variations of the overall structures, and molecular recognition features in the available cavities of 1 and 3. Computational studies show multiple low energy structural isomers and confirm that the isomers found in the crystallographic structures arise from intermolecular interactions. EPR and IR spectroscopic studies and electrochemical results suggest that the tetramers remain intact in solution in the presence of weakly coordinating (THF) and noncoordinating (CH(2)Cl(2)) solvents. Mössbauer spectroscopic data for a set of reference dinitrosyl iron complexes, reduced {Fe(NO)(2)}(10) compounds A ((NHC-iPr)(2)Fe(NO)(2)), and C ((NHC-iPr)(CO)Fe(NO)(2)), and oxidized {Fe(NO)(2)}(9) compounds B ([(NHC-iPr)(2)Fe(NO)(2)][BF(4)]), and D ((NHC-iPr)(SPh)Fe(NO)(2)) (NHC-iPr = 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-ylidene) demonstrate distinct differences of the isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings between the oxidized and reduced forms. The reduced compounds have smaller positive isomer shifts as compared to the oxidized compounds ascribed to the greater π-backbonding to the NO ligands. Mössbauer data for the tetrameric complexes 1-3 demonstrate larger isomer shifts, most comparable to compound D; all four complexes contain cationic {Fe(NO)(2)}(9) units bound to one anionic ligand and one neutral ligand. At room temperature, the paramagnetic, S = (1)/(2) per iron, centers are not coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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143
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Ramirez L, Simontacchi M, Murgia I, Zabaleta E, Lamattina L. Nitric oxide, nitrosyl iron complexes, ferritin and frataxin: a well equipped team to preserve plant iron homeostasis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:582-92. [PMID: 21893255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a key element in plant nutrition. Iron deficiency as well as iron overload results in serious metabolic disorders that affect photosynthesis, respiration and general plant fitness with direct consequences on crop production. More than 25% of the cultivable land possesses low iron availability due to high pH (calcareous soils). Plant biologists are challenged by this concern and aimed to find new avenues to ameliorate plant responses and keep iron homeostasis under control even at wide range of iron availability in various soils. For this purpose, detailed knowledge of iron uptake, transport, storage and interactions with cellular compounds will help to construct a more complete picture of its role as essential nutrient. In this review, we summarize and describe the recent findings involving four central players involved in keeping cellular iron homeostasis in plants: nitric oxide, ferritin, frataxin and nitrosyl iron complexes. We attempt to highlight the interactions among these actors in different scenarios occurring under iron deficiency or iron overload, and discuss their counteracting and/or coordinating actions leading to the control of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC 1245 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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144
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Tsou CC, Liaw WF. Transformation of the {Fe(NO)2}9 Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes (DNICs) into S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) Triggered by Acid-Base Pairs. Chemistry 2011; 17:13358-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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145
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Hickok JR, Sahni S, Shen H, Arvind A, Antoniou C, Fung LWM, Thomas DD. Dinitrosyliron complexes are the most abundant nitric oxide-derived cellular adduct: biological parameters of assembly and disappearance. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1558-66. [PMID: 21787861 PMCID: PMC3172375 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that nitric oxide ((•)NO) reacts with cellular iron and thiols to form dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC). Little is known, however, regarding their formation and biological fate. Our quantitative measurements reveal that cellular concentrations of DNIC are proportionally the largest of all (•)NO-derived adducts (900 pmol/mg protein, or 45-90 μM). Using murine macrophages (RAW 264.7), we measured the amounts, and kinetics, of DNIC assembly and disappearance from endogenous and exogenous sources of (•)NO in relation to iron and O(2) concentration. Amounts of DNIC were equal to or greater than measured amounts of chelatable iron and depended on the dose and duration of (•)NO exposure. DNIC formation paralleled the upregulation of iNOS and occurred at low physiologic (•)NO concentrations (50-500 nM). Decreasing the O(2) concentration reduced the rate of enzymatic (•)NO synthesis without affecting the amount of DNIC formed. Temporal measurements revealed that DNIC disappeared in an oxygen-independent manner (t(1/2)=80 min) and remained detectable long after the (•)NO source was removed (>24 h). These results demonstrate that DNIC will be formed under all cellular settings of (•)NO production and that the contribution of DNIC to the multitude of observed effects of (•)NO must always be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, 60607
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, 60607
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, 60607
| | - Akanksha Arvind
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, 60607
| | - Chloe Antoniou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637
| | - Leslie W. M. Fung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, 60607
| | - Douglas D. Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, 60607
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146
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Vanin AF. Prospects of using magnetic nanoparticles to potentiate the anticarcinogenic action of dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol ligands. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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147
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Hess JL, Hsieh CH, Reibenspies JH, Darensbourg MY. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Mimics of Imidazoles/Histidine for the Stabilization of Di- and Trinitrosyl Iron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8541-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201138f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chung-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Joseph H. Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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148
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Vanin AF, Chazov EI. Prospects of designing medicines with diverse therapeutic activity on the basis of dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol-containing ligands. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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149
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Manukhina EB, Jasti D, Vanin AF, Downey HF. Intermittent hypoxia conditioning prevents endothelial dysfunction and improves nitric oxide storage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:867-73. [PMID: 21652603 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intermittent hypoxia is often associated with hypertension, experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated definite antihypertensive effects of some intermittent hypoxia conditioning (IHC) regimens. Mechanisms of this antihypertensive response are unknown. Endothelial dysfunction related to disturbed synthesis and/or reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to hypertension. Thus, experiments were conducted to determine if IHC can improve endothelium-dependent relaxation and formation of releasable vascular NO stores of young (4-8-week-old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Rats were subjected to either IHC (9.5-10% O(2), 5-10 min, 5-8 times per day, 20 d) or to sham conditioning. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was measured in norepinephrine-precontracted, isolated aortic rings, and the size of NO stores was evaluated by percent relaxation to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which releases stored NO. The capacity of aortic rings for NO storage was evaluated by the relaxation to NAC after prior incubation with an NO donor. IHC significantly suppressed the development of hypertension in young SHR. Endothelial function decreased from 54.7 ± 4.6% to 28.1 ± 6.4% relaxation to acetylcholine after 20 d of sham IHC, whereas endothelial function was sustained (60.3 ± 6.0% relaxation) in IHC rats. IHC also induced formation of available NO stores and enhanced the capacity of aortic rings to store NO. Therefore, the antihypertensive effect of IHC in young SHR is associated with prevention of endothelial dysfunction and with increased accumulation of NO stores in vascular walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia B Manukhina
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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150
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Landry AP, Duan X, Huang H, Ding H. Iron-sulfur proteins are the major source of protein-bound dinitrosyl iron complexes formed in Escherichia coli cells under nitric oxide stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1582-90. [PMID: 21420489 PMCID: PMC3090472 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein-bound dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) have been observed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells under nitric oxide (NO) stress. The identity of proteins that bind DNICs, however, still remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that iron-sulfur proteins are the major source of protein-bound DNICs formed in Escherichia coli cells under NO stress. Expression of recombinant iron-sulfur proteins, but not proteins without iron-sulfur clusters, almost doubles the amount of protein-bound DNICs formed in E. coli cells after NO exposure. Purification of recombinant proteins from the NO-exposed E. coli cells further confirms that iron-sulfur proteins, but not proteins without iron-sulfur clusters, are modified, forming protein-bound DNICs. Deletion of the iron-sulfur cluster assembly proteins IscA and SufA to block the [4Fe-4S] cluster biogenesis in E. coli cells largely eliminates the NO-mediated formation of protein-bound DNICs, suggesting that iron-sulfur clusters are mainly responsible for the NO-mediated formation of protein-bound DNICs in cells. Furthermore, depletion of the "chelatable iron pool" in wild-type E. coli cells effectively removes iron-sulfur clusters from proteins and concomitantly diminishes the NO-mediated formation of protein-bound DNICs, indicating that iron-sulfur clusters in proteins constitute at least part of the chelatable iron pool in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huangen Ding
- Correspondence Author: Huangen Ding, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. Tel: (225) 578 4797; Fax: (225) 578 2597;
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