1
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O’Neill CE, Sun K, Sundararaman S, Chang JC, Glynn SA. The impact of nitric oxide on HER family post-translational modification and downstream signaling in cancer. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1358850. [PMID: 38601214 PMCID: PMC11004480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four members, activated by two families of ligands. They are known for mediating cell-cell interactions in organogenesis, and their deregulation has been associated with various cancers, including breast and esophageal cancers. In particular, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 signaling drive disease progression and result in poorer patient outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as an alternative activator of the HER family and may play a role in this aberrant activation due to its ability to induce s-nitrosation and phosphorylation of the EGFR. This review discusses the potential impact of NO on HER family activation and downstream signaling, along with its role in the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara E. O’Neill
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kai Sun
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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2
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Pan Y, Breider F, Barrios B, Minakata D, Deng H, von Gunten U. Role of Carbonyl Compounds for N-Nitrosamine Formation during Nitrosation: Kinetics and Mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4792-4801. [PMID: 38427382 PMCID: PMC10938875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
N-Nitrosamines are potential human carcinogens frequently detected in natural and engineered aquatic systems. This study sheds light on the role of carbonyl compounds in the formation of N-nitrosamines by nitrosation of five secondary amines via different pathways. The results showed that compared to a control system, the presence of formaldehyde enhances the formation of N-nitrosamines by a factor of 5-152 at pH 7, depending on the structure of the secondary amines. Acetaldehyde showed a slight enhancement effect on N-nitrosamine formation, while acetone and benzaldehyde did not promote nitrosation reactions. For neutral and basic conditions, the iminium ion was the dominant intermediate for N-nitrosamine formation, while carbinolamine became the major contributor under acidic conditions. Negative free energy changes (<-19 kcal mol-1) and relatively low activation energies (<18 kcal mol-1) of the reactions of secondary amines with N2O3, iminium ions with nitrite and carbinolamines with N2O3 from quantum chemical computations further support the proposed reaction pathways. This highlights the roles of the iminium ion and carbinolamine in the formation of N-nitrosamines during nitrosation in the presence of carbonyl compounds, especially in the context of industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuai Pan
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Florian Breider
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Barrios
- Department
of Civil, Environmental and Geospatial Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Daisuke Minakata
- Department
of Civil, Environmental and Geospatial Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Huiping Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education,
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Urs von Gunten
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne
(EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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3
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Dent MR, DeMartino AW. Nitric oxide and thiols: Chemical biology, signalling paradigms and vascular therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16274. [PMID: 37908126 PMCID: PMC11058123 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (• NO) interactions with biological thiols play crucial, but incompletely determined, roles in vascular signalling and other biological processes. Here, we highlight two recently proposed signalling paradigms: (1) the formation of a vasodilating labile nitrosyl ferrous haem (NO-ferrohaem) facilitated by thiols via thiyl radical generation and (2) polysulfides/persulfides and their interaction with • NO. We also describe the specific (bio)chemical routes in which • NO and thiols react to form S-nitrosothiols, a broad class of small molecules, and protein post-translational modifications that can influence protein function through catalytic site or allosteric structural changes. S-Nitrosothiol formation depends upon cellular conditions, but critically, an appropriate oxidant for either the thiol (yielding a thiyl radical) or • NO (yielding a nitrosonium [NO+ ]-donating species) is required. We examine the roles of these collective • NO/thiol species in vascular signalling and their cardiovascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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4
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Verde C, Giordano D, Bruno S. NO and Heme Proteins: Cross-Talk between Heme and Cysteine Residues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020321. [PMID: 36829880 PMCID: PMC9952723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme proteins are a diverse group that includes several unrelated families. Their biological function is mainly associated with the reactivity of the heme group, which-among several other reactions-can bind to and react with nitric oxide (NO) and other nitrogen compounds for their production, scavenging, and transport. The S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues, which also results from the reaction with NO and other nitrogen compounds, is a post-translational modification regulating protein activity, with direct effects on a variety of signaling pathways. Heme proteins are unique in exhibiting this dual reactivity toward NO, with reported examples of cross-reactivity between the heme and cysteine residues within the same protein. In this work, we review the literature on this interplay, with particular emphasis on heme proteins in which heme-dependent nitrosylation has been reported and those for which both heme nitrosylation and S-nitrosylation have been associated with biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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5
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Correa-Aragunde N, Foresi N, Lindermayr C, Petřivalský M. Editorial: Functions of Nitric Oxide in Photosynthetic Organisms. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:877438. [PMID: 35422825 PMCID: PMC9002325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Abstract
Increased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased lifespan and healthspan in eukaryotes. Conversely, decreased sirtuin deacylase activity is correlated with increased susceptibility to aging-related diseases. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased sirtuin activity during aging are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that oxidative post-translational modification by reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species results in inhibition of sirtuin deacylase activity through cysteine nitrosation, glutathionylation, sulfenylation, and sulfhydration as well as tyrosine nitration. The prevalence of ROS/RNS (e.g., nitric oxide, S-nitrosoglutathione, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione, and peroxynitrite) is increased during inflammation and as a result of electron transport chain dysfunction. With age, cellular production of ROS/RNS increases; thus, cellular oxidants may serve as a causal link between loss of sirtuin activity and aging-related disease development. Therefore, the prevention of inhibitory oxidative modification may represent a novel means to increase sirtuin activity during aging. In this review, we explore the role of cellular oxidants in inhibiting individual sirtuin human isoform deacylase activity and clarify the relevance of ROS/RNS as regulatory molecules of sirtuin deacylase activity in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S Kalous
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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7
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Yoon S, Eom GH, Kang G. Nitrosative Stress and Human Disease: Therapeutic Potential of Denitrosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189794. [PMID: 34575960 PMCID: PMC8464666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins dynamically contribute towards maintaining cellular homeostasis. Posttranslational modification regulates the function of target proteins through their immediate activation, sudden inhibition, or permanent degradation. Among numerous protein modifications, protein nitrosation and its functional relevance have emerged. Nitrosation generally initiates nitric oxide (NO) production in association with NO synthase. NO is conjugated to free thiol in the cysteine side chain (S-nitrosylation) and is propagated via the transnitrosylation mechanism. S-nitrosylation is a signaling pathway frequently involved in physiologic regulation. NO forms peroxynitrite in excessive oxidation conditions and induces tyrosine nitration, which is quite stable and is considered irreversible. Two main reducing systems are attributed to denitrosylation: glutathione and thioredoxin (TRX). Glutathione captures NO from S-nitrosylated protein and forms S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). The intracellular reducing system catalyzes GSNO into GSH again. TRX can remove NO-like glutathione and break down the disulfide bridge. Although NO is usually beneficial in the basal context, cumulative stress from chronic inflammation or oxidative insult produces a large amount of NO, which induces atypical protein nitrosation. Herein, we (1) provide a brief introduction to the nitrosation and denitrosylation processes, (2) discuss nitrosation-associated human diseases, and (3) discuss a possible denitrosylation strategy and its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somy Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.-H.E.); (G.K.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2837 (G.-H.E.); +82-62-220-5262 (G.K.)
| | - Gaeun Kang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.-H.E.); (G.K.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2837 (G.-H.E.); +82-62-220-5262 (G.K.)
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8
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Astier J, Rossi J, Chatelain P, Klinguer A, Besson-Bard A, Rosnoblet C, Jeandroz S, Nicolas-Francès V, Wendehenne D. Nitric oxide production and signalling in algae. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:781-792. [PMID: 32910824 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) was the first identified gaseous messenger and is now well established as a major ubiquitous signalling molecule. The rapid development of our understanding of NO biology in embryophytes came with the partial characterization of the pathways underlying its production and with the decrypting of signalling networks mediating its effects. Notably, the identification of proteins regulated by NO through nitrosation greatly enhanced our perception of NO functions. In comparison, the role of NO in algae has been less investigated. Yet, studies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have produced key insights into NO production through the identification of NO-forming nitrite reductase and of S-nitrosated proteins. More intriguingly, in contrast to embryophytes, a few algal species possess a conserved nitric oxide synthase, the main enzyme catalysing NO synthesis in metazoans. This latter finding paves the way for a deeper characterization of novel members of the NO synthase family. Nevertheless, the typical NO-cyclic GMP signalling module transducing NO effects in metazoans is not conserved in algae, nor in embryophytes, highlighting a divergent acquisition of NO signalling between the green and the animal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Astier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jordan Rossi
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Chatelain
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Besson-Bard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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9
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Truzzi DR, Alves SV, Netto LES, Augusto O. The Peroxidatic Thiol of Peroxiredoxin 1 is Nitrosated by Nitrosoglutathione but Coordinates to the Dinitrosyl Iron Complex of Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040276. [PMID: 32218363 PMCID: PMC7222187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation is an important consequence of NO●·metabolism with implications in physiology and pathology. The mechanisms responsible for S-nitrosation in vivo remain debatable and kinetic data on protein S-nitrosation by different agents are limited. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, in particular Prx1 and Prx2, were detected as being S-nitrosated in multiple mammalian cells under a variety of conditions. Here, we investigated the kinetics of Prx1 S-nitrosation by nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a recognized biological nitrosating agent, and by the dinitrosyl-iron complex of glutathione (DNIC-GS; [Fe(NO)2(GS)2]−), a hypothetical nitrosating agent. Kinetics studies following the intrinsic fluorescence of Prx1 and its mutants (C83SC173S and C52S) were complemented by product analysis; all experiments were performed at pH 7.4 and 25 ℃. The results show GSNO-mediated nitrosation of Prx1 peroxidatic residue (k+NOCys52 = 15.4 ± 0.4 M−1. s−1) and of Prx1 Cys83 residue (k+NOCys83 = 1.7 ± 0.4 M−1. s−1). The reaction of nitrosated Prx1 with GSH was also monitored and provided a second-order rate constant for Prx1Cys52NO denitrosation of k−NOCys52 = 14.4 ± 0.3 M−1. s−1. In contrast, the reaction of DNIC-GS with Prx1 did not nitrosate the enzyme but formed DNIC-Prx1 complexes. The peroxidatic Prx1 Cys was identified as the residue that more rapidly replaces the GS ligand from DNIC-GS (kDNICCys52 = 7.0 ± 0.4 M−1. s−1) to produce DNIC-Prx1 ([Fe(NO)2(GS)(Cys52-Prx1)]−). Altogether, the data showed that in addition to S-nitrosation, the Prx1 peroxidatic residue can replace the GS ligand from DNIC-GS, forming stable DNIC-Prx1, and both modifications disrupt important redox switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R. Truzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Simone V. Alves
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (S.V.A.); (L.E.S.N.)
| | - Luis E. S. Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (S.V.A.); (L.E.S.N.)
| | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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10
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Seeger AY, Ringling MD, Zohair H, Blanke SR. Risk factors associated with gastric malignancy during chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection. Med Res Arch 2020; 8:2068. [PMID: 37655156 PMCID: PMC10470974 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v8i3.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is considered to be the single most important risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, which is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Nonetheless, Hp infection does not always progress to malignancy, and, gastric adenocarcinoma can occur in the absence of detectable Hp carriage, highlighting the complex and multifactorial nature of gastric cancer. Here we review known contributors to gastric malignancy, including Hp virulence factors, host genetic variation, and multiple environmental variables. In addition, we assess emerging evidence that resident gastric microflora in humans might impact disease progression in Hp-infected individuals. Molecular approaches for microbe identification have revealed differences in the gastric microbiota composition between cancer and non-cancerous patients, as well as infected and uninfected individuals. Although the reasons underlying differences in microbial community structures are not entirely understood, gastric atrophy and hypochlorhydria that accompany chronic Hp infection may be a critical driver of gastric dysbiosis that promote colonization of microbes that contribute to increased risk of malignancy. Defining the importance and role of the gastric microbiota as a potential risk factor for Hp-associated gastric cancer is a vital and exciting area of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Y. Seeger
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Megan D. Ringling
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Huzaifa Zohair
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Steven R. Blanke
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences Department, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
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11
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Xie Z, Li X, Tang R, Wang G, Lu Y, Li X, Cheng K, Li L, He Q. Reactions of polyphenols in pomegranate peel with nitrite under simulated stomach conditions. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3103-3109. [PMID: 31572603 PMCID: PMC6766573 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Punicalagin and ellagic acid are the major polyphenols present in pomegranate peels. The contents of α-punicalagin, β-punicalagin, and ellagic acid in the pomegranate peels were approximately 75, 72, and 20 µM, respectively. The reactions of polyphenols in pomegranate peels with sodium nitrite under simulated stomach conditions were studied. The reactions decreased the polyphenolic contents of the pomegranate peels and accompanied the formation of nitroso compounds. The oxidation rates followed the order ellagic acid <α-punicalagin ≈ β-punicalagin. The results suggested that the reactions can occur in the stomach after a meal, while the pH changes from 2 to 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
- College of Light Industry and Food EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Renyong Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guoze Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yurong Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuemei Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kun Cheng
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Linzhi Li
- College of Pharmacy and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang He
- College of Light Industry and Food EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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12
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Möller MN, Rios N, Trujillo M, Radi R, Denicola A, Alvarez B. Detection and quantification of nitric oxide-derived oxidants in biological systems. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14776-14802. [PMID: 31409645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO•) exerts biological effects through the direct and reversible interaction with specific targets (e.g. soluble guanylate cyclase) or through the generation of secondary species, many of which can oxidize, nitrosate or nitrate biomolecules. The NO•-derived reactive species are typically short-lived, and their preferential fates depend on kinetic and compartmentalization aspects. Their detection and quantification are technically challenging. In general, the strategies employed are based either on the detection of relatively stable end products or on the use of synthetic probes, and they are not always selective for a particular species. In this study, we describe the biologically relevant characteristics of the reactive species formed downstream from NO•, and we discuss the approaches currently available for the analysis of NO•, nitrogen dioxide (NO2 •), dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), nitroxyl (HNO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH), as well as peroxynitrite-derived hydroxyl (HO•) and carbonate anion (CO3 •-) radicals. We also discuss the biological origins of and analytical tools for detecting nitrite (NO2 -), nitrate (NO3 -), nitrosyl-metal complexes, S-nitrosothiols, and 3-nitrotyrosine. Moreover, we highlight state-of-the-art methods, alert readers to caveats of widely used techniques, and encourage retirement of approaches that have been supplanted by more reliable and selective tools for detecting and measuring NO•-derived oxidants. We emphasize that the use of appropriate analytical methods needs to be strongly grounded in a chemical and biochemical understanding of the species and mechanistic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay .,Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Sun CW, Yang J, Kleschyov AL, Zhuge Z, Carlström M, Pernow J, Wajih N, Isbell TS, Oh JY, Cabrales P, Tsai AG, Townes T, Kim-Shapiro DB, Patel RP, Lundberg JO. Hemoglobin β93 Cysteine Is Not Required for Export of Nitric Oxide Bioactivity From the Red Blood Cell. Circulation 2019; 139:2654-2663. [PMID: 30905171 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.039284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosation of a conserved cysteine residue at position 93 in the hemoglobin β chain (β93C) to form S-nitroso (SNO) hemoglobin (Hb) is claimed to be essential for export of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity by the red blood cell (RBC) to mediate hypoxic vasodilation and cardioprotection. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we used RBCs from mice in which the β93 cysteine had been replaced with alanine (β93A) in a number of ex vivo and in vivo models suitable for studying export of NO bioactivity. RESULTS In an ex vivo model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, perfusion of a mouse heart with control RBCs (β93C) pretreated with an arginase inhibitor to facilitate export of RBC NO bioactivity improved cardiac recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the response was similar with β93A RBCs. Next, when human platelets were coincubated with RBCs and then deoxygenated in the presence of nitrite, export of NO bioactivity was detected as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation. This effect was the same in β93C and β93A RBCs. Moreover, vascular reactivity was tested in rodent aortas in the presence of RBCs pretreated with S-nitrosocysteine or with hemolysates or purified Hb treated with authentic NO to form nitrosyl(FeII)-Hb, the proposed precursor of SNO-Hb. SNO-RBCs or NO-treated Hb induced vasorelaxation, with no differences between β93C and β93A RBCs. Finally, hypoxic microvascular vasodilation was studied in vivo with a murine dorsal skin-fold window model. Exposure to acute systemic hypoxia caused vasodilatation, and the response was similar in β93C and β93A mice. CONCLUSIONS RBCs clearly have the fascinating ability to export NO bioactivity, but this occurs independently of SNO formation at the β93 cysteine of Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry (C.W.S., T.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (J.Y., J.P.)
| | - Andrei L Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.).,Freiberg Instruments GmbH, Freiberg, Germany (A.L.K.)
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (J.Y., J.P.)
| | - Nadeem Wajih
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (N.W., D.B.K.-S.)
| | - T Scott Isbell
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, MO (T.S.I.)
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Center for Free Radical Biology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego (P.C., A.G.T.)
| | - Amy G Tsai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego (P.C., A.G.T.)
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry (C.W.S., T.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (N.W., D.B.K.-S.)
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Center for Free Radical Biology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
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14
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Li T, Cao JW, Xie FL, Sheng YL, Wu P, Song YL. [ABR Decarbonization- Nitrosation Coupled with ANAMMOX to Treat Municipal Wastewater]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:1390-1395. [PMID: 31087989 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201808126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to promote the application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) to treat municipal wastewater, nitrosation was coupled with ANAMMOX and an ABR decarbonization system at the front of it; then used to build a system in which ABR decarbonization-nitrosation coupled with ANAMMOX was used to treat municipal wastewater. The high throughput sequencing technology of MiSeq was employed to analyze the structure of the microbial community in the sludge. Results showed that the average effluent COD concentration of the carbon removal system was 120 mg·L-1 and that the subsequent nitrosation system and ANAMMOX system would not be adversely affected by the effluent COD. Controlled by matching the nitrosation effluent with that from the ABR carbon removal system 2:1, the ANAMMOX influent, kept the ratio of the NO2--N and NH4+-N matrix to ANAMMOX at about 1:1. The total nitrogen removal rate of the integrated reactor was 86%-92% and the COD of the effluent was 20-40 mg·L-1. After the experiment, the number of bacteria in class γ-Proteobacteria in the nitrosation system, which are closely related to denitrification, increased. Members of class Sphingobacteria, which have the function of enhancing the growth rate of microorganisms and enhancing the rate of denitrification, were significantly increased in the ANAMMOX system. The nitrogen and carbon in the municipal wastewater could be stably and efficiently removed by the ABR Decarbonization-Nitrosation coupled with ANAMMOX process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jia-Wei Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Feng-Lian Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yao-Liang Sheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yin-Ling Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
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15
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Zhang M, Wei JM, Huang HM, Jiang Y, Guo ML, Chen CJ, Shen YL. [Effect of C/N and Sludge Concentration on the pH-Regulated Nitrosation System]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:845-852. [PMID: 30628352 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201807130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
pH is one of the most important means of control for the realization and stability of the nitrosation system. To study the change rule of pH values of the nitrosation system and the influence of pollution removal and transformation at different pH under the conditions of different C/N (0, 1, 2, 3,4) and sludge concentrations (sludge amount:water content was 1:6, 1:3, 1:1), batch tests were conducted with tapered bottles using sodium acetate as the carbon source and inoculated with mature nitrosation sludge. The results showed that the higher the C/N, the higher the pH increment and the denitrification efficiency at the same sludge concentration. At the same C/N, a higher sludge concentration corresponded to a smaller pH increment but a higher denitrification efficiency. The removal and transformation of carbon and nitrogen was highly correlated with pH changes in the reaction system, and the denitrification and nitrosation reactions were in sequence. Throughout the operational period of the system, as pH increased, the specific organic matter removal rate was 7-16 times as much as when pH decreased. However, as pH decreased, the specific ammonia oxidation rate (SAOR) was 1-20 times that of when pH increased. When pH was less than 6.1, the system lost its ability to oxidize ammonia-nitrogen. The highest removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen in the system was achieved when C/N was 4. Ammonia transformation 80% COD removal at the three sludge concentrations took 480, 350, and 300 min, respectively. Under different conditions, the proportion of nitrosation in the system remained above 50% and the concentration of NO3--N remained below 5 mg·L-1, which indicated that the system was dominated by nitrosation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jia-Min Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Hui-Min Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Meng-Lei Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chong-Jun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yao-Liang Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
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16
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González R, Molina-Ruiz FJ, Bárcena JA, Padilla CA, Muntané J. Regulation of Cell Survival, Apoptosis, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Nitric Oxide-Dependent Post-Translational Modifications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1312-1332. [PMID: 28795583 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO) is a physiopathological messenger generating different reactive nitrogen species (RNS) according to hypoxic, acidic and redox conditions. Recent Advances: RNS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote relevant post-translational modifications, such as nitrosation, nitration, and oxidation, in critical components of cell proliferation and death, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. CRITICAL ISSUES The pro- or antitumoral properties of NO are dependent on local concentration, redox state, cellular status, duration of exposure, and compartmentalization of NO generation. The increased expression of NO synthase has been associated with cancer progression. However, the experimental strategies leading to high intratumoral NO generation have been shown to exert antitumoral properties. The effect of NO and ROS on cell signaling is critically altered by factors modulating tumor progression such as oxygen content, metabolism, and inflammatory response. The review describes the alteration of key components involved in cell survival and death, metabolism, and metastasis induced by RNS- and ROS-related post-translational modifications. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of the molecular targets affected by nitrosation, nitration, and oxidation, as well as their interactions with other post-translational modifications, will improve the understanding on the complex signaling and cell fate decision in cancer. The therapeutic NO-based strategies have to address the complex crosstalk among NO and ROS with regard to critical components affecting tumor cell survival, metabolism, and metastasis in the progression of cancer, as well as close interaction with ionizing radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl González
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Molina-Ruiz
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), IBiS/"Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain
| | - J Antonio Bárcena
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Alicia Padilla
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- 3 Department of General Surgery, "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville , Seville, Spain .,4 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , Madrid, Spain
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17
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Mitchell AR, Yuan M, Morgan HP, McNae IW, Blackburn EA, Le Bihan T, Homem RA, Yu M, Loake GJ, Michels PA, Wear MA, Walkinshaw MD. Redox regulation of pyruvate kinase M2 by cysteine oxidation and S- nitrosation. Biochem J 2018; 475:3275-91. [PMID: 30254098 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20180556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We show here that the M2 isoform of human pyruvate kinase (M2PYK) is susceptible to nitrosation and oxidation, and that these modifications regulate enzyme activity by preventing the formation of the active tetrameric form. The biotin-switch assay carried out on M1 and M2 isoforms showed that M2PYK is sensitive to nitrosation and that Cys326 is highly susceptible to redox modification. Structural and enzymatic studies have been carried out on point mutants for three cysteine residues (Cys424, Cys358, and Cys326) to characterise their potential roles in redox regulation. Nine cysteines are conserved between M2PYK and M1PYK. Cys424 is the only cysteine unique to M2PYK. C424S, C424A, and C424L showed a moderate effect on enzyme activity with 80, 100, and 140% activity, respectively, compared with M2PYK. C358 had been previously identified from in vivo studies to be the favoured target for oxidation. Our characterised mutant showed that this mutation stabilises tetrameric M2PYK, suggesting that the in vivo resistance to oxidation for the Cys358Ser mutation is due to stabilisation of the tetrameric form of the enzyme. In contrast, the Cys326Ser mutant exists predominantly in monomeric form. A biotin-switch assay using this mutant also showed a significant reduction in biotinylation of M2PYK, confirming that this is a major target for nitrosation and probably oxidation. Our results show that the sensitivity of M2PYK to oxidation and nitrosation is regulated by its monomer–tetramer equilibrium. In the monomer state, residues (in particular C326) are exposed to oxidative modifications that prevent reformation of the active tetrameric form.
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18
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Srinivas Bharath MM. Post-Translational Oxidative Modifications of Mitochondrial Complex I (NADH: Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase): Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapeutics in Human Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:S69-S86. [PMID: 28582861 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase; CI) is central to the electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production in eukaryotes. CI is a multi-subunit complex with a complicated yet organized structure that optimally connects electron transfer with proton translocation and forms higher-order supercomplexes with other ETC complexes. Efforts to understand the molecular genetics, expression profile of subunits, and structure-function relationship of CI have increased over the years due to the direct role of the complex in human diseases. Although mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genes of CI and altered expression of subunits could potentially lower CI activity leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in many diseases, oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as an important mechanism contributing to altered CI activity. These mainly include reversible and irreversible cysteine modifications, tyrosine nitration, carbonylation, and tryptophan oxidation that are generated following exposure to reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species. Interestingly, oxidative PTMs could contribute either to CI damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ensuing cell death or a response mechanism with potential cytoprotective effects. This has also emerged as a promising field for structural biologists since analysis of PTMs could assist in understanding the structure-function relationship of the complex and correlate electron transfer mechanism with energy production. However, analysis of PTMs of CI and their contribution to CI function are incomplete in many physiological and pathological conditions. This review aims to highlight the role of oxidative PTMs in modulating CI activity with implications toward pathobiology of CNS diseases and novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neurotoxicology Laboratory at the Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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19
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Gu CW, Chen FM, Li X, Huang Y, You XY, Jin R, Zhang WJ, Dong SY. [Analysis of CANON Process Start-up with Fiber Carrier]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:1272-1277. [PMID: 29965473 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201708092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A CANON reactor with fiber carrier was started up by seeding nitrification sludge and ANAMMOX sludge to study the operating characteristics of a fiber carrier. The results showed that total nitrogen removal load rose from 0.09 kg·(m3·d)-1 to 0.9 kg·(m3·d)-1 and remained steady in the 85th day. This indicated that fiber carrier is beneficial to the accumulation of sludge, and the reactor can maintain a higher biomass. The DO in the reactor reached 5 mg·L-1 with the enrichment of microorganisms, biofilm thickening, and the improvement of the reactor's ability. The DO gradient of the biofilm from the outside to the inside was 0.32-0 mg·L-1, which could be obtained by a microelectrode. It was shown that the permeability of oxygen to the biofilm decreased, and the amount of nitrifying microorganisms decreased with biofilm thickening. The quantitative PCR results showed that the abundance of ANAMMOX was an order of magnitude more than before. The abundance of AOB increased slightly, while the abundance of NOB stayed at a relatively low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Gu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Fang-Min Chen
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xing-Yi You
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Run Jin
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Weng-Jing Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shi-Yu Dong
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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20
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王 悦, 许 文, 吴 小, 朱 林, 乔 红, 陈 玲, 刘 超, 邱 平. [Snitrosylating protein disulphide isomerase mediates increased expression of α synuclein caused by methamphetamine in mouse brain]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2017; 37:1386-1390. [PMID: 29070471 PMCID: PMC6743953 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Snitrosylation of protein disulphide isomerasec in methamphetamine (METH)-induced expression of alpha synuclein (αSN) in mouse hippocampus and striatum neurons. METHODS Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomized equally into saline control group, METH group, L-NNA (a NOS inhibitor) group and L-NNA plus METH group. All the agents were injected intraperitoneally at an interval of 12 h, and a total of 8 injections were administered; in L-NNA plus METH group, METH was injected 30 min after LNNA in each treatment. Western Blotting was used to detect the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), αSN, PDI and Snitrosylation of protein disulphide isomerase (PDI-SNO) in the hippocampus and striatum of the mice, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined using a NO assay kit. RESULTS In METH group, the levels of NOS, PDISNO, αSN and NO all increased significantly compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Combined treatment with L-NNA and METH, compared with METH alone, resulted in significantly lowered expression of NOS, NO, PDI-SNO and αSN in the hippocampus and striatum of the mice (all P<0.05). No significant differences were found in NOS, NO, PDI-SNO or αSN expressions among METH+L-NNA, L-NNA and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION METH induces the activation of NOS and increases NO level to cause the occurrence of PDI-SNO, leading subsequently to increased expression of αSN in mouse striatum and hippocampus. L-NNA, the inhibitor of NOS, can partly relieve nervous system toxicity induced by METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- 悦 王
- 南方医科大学法医学院, 广东 广州 510515School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 文宁 许
- 上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院, 上海 200092Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - 小芳 吴
- 顺德职业技术学院医药卫生学院, 广东 佛山 528000Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - 林楠 朱
- 南方医科大学法医学院, 广东 广州 510515School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 红花 乔
- 南方医科大学法医学院, 广东 广州 510515School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 玲 陈
- 南方医科大学法医学院, 广东 广州 510515School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 超 刘
- 广州市刑事科学技术研究所//广东省法医遗传学重点实验室, 广东广州 510030
| | - 平明 邱
- 南方医科大学法医学院, 广东 广州 510515School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Gao JJ, Qian FY, Wang JF, Chen X, Shen YL, Zhang ZY, Yan YT. [Start-up of a High Performance Nitrosation Reactor Through Continuous Growth of Aerobic Granular Sludge]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2017; 38:3787-3792. [PMID: 29965260 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201703194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to examine the continuous growth capacity of the nitrosation granular sludge (NGS), the sludge was inoculated to start up the columnar sequencing batch reactor (SBR). During 130 d, the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in SBR increased from 0.1 g·L-1 to 11.8 g·L-1, corresponding to the nitrite-nitrogen accumulation rate of 0.4-4.9 kg·(m3·d)-1, promoted by a higher ammonia-nitrogen loading rate (NLR) from 0.74 kg·(m3·d)-1 to 6.66 kg·(m3·d)-1in the influent. Because of the obvious increase in small granules (size<200 μm), the mean average diameter of NGS decreased significantly at NLR<4.44 kg·(m3·d)-1. At higher NLR values, the growth of the mean average diameter of NGS could be fitted well using a modified logistic model. The specific growth rate of the k value was 0.0229 d-1. In addition, the combined inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was expected at relatively high concentrations of both free ammonia (FA) and free nitrite acid (FNA); thus, the nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) in the effluent was always higher than 80%. These results provide a feasible approach to start up a high-performance NGS reactor at the industrial-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Fei-Yue Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jian-Fang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Tianping College, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yao-Liang Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- Tianping College, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Takahama U, Hirota S. Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030053. [PMID: 28678174 PMCID: PMC5618081 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Foods are mixed with saliva in the oral cavity and swallowed. While staying in the stomach, saliva is contentiously provided to mix with the ingested foods. Because a salivary component of nitrite is protonated to produce active nitrous acid at acidic pH, the redox reactions of nitrous acid with phenolic compounds in foods become possible in the stomach. In the reactions, nitrous acid is reduced to nitric oxide (•NO), producing various products from phenolic compounds. In the products, stable hydroxybezoyl benzofuranone derivatives, which are produced from quercetin and its 7-O-glucoside, are included. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin are oxidized to quinones and the quinones can react with thiocyanic acid derived from saliva, producing stable oxathiolone derivatives. 6,8-Dinitrosocatechis are produced from catechins by the redox reaction, and the dinitrocatechins are oxidized further by nitrous acid producing the quinones, which can make charge transfer complexes with the dinitrosocatechin and can react with thiocyanic acid producing the stable thiocyanate conjugates. In this way, various products can be produced by the reactions of salivary nitrite with dietary phenolic compounds, and reactive and toxic quinones formed by the reactions are postulated to be removed in the stomach by thiocyanic acid derived from saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeo Takahama
- Department of Health and Nutrition Care, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Hirota
- Department of Health and Nutrition Care, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, Japan.
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Kalous KS, Wynia-Smith SL, Olp MD, Smith BC. Mechanism of Sirt1 NAD+-dependent Protein Deacetylase Inhibition by Cysteine S- Nitrosation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25398-25410. [PMID: 27756843 PMCID: PMC5207242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin family of proteins catalyze the NAD+-dependent deacylation of acyl-lysine residues. Humans encode seven sirtuins (Sirt1-7), and recent studies have suggested that post-translational modification of Sirt1 by cysteine S-nitrosation correlates with increased acetylation of Sirt1 deacetylase substrates. However, the mechanism of Sirt1 inhibition by S-nitrosation was unknown. Here, we show that Sirt1 is transnitrosated and inhibited by the physiologically relevant nitrosothiol S-nitrosoglutathione. Steady-state kinetic analyses and binding assays were consistent with Sirt1 S-nitrosation inhibiting binding of both the NAD+ and acetyl-lysine substrates. Sirt1 S-nitrosation correlated with Zn2+ release from the conserved sirtuin Zn2+-tetrathiolate and a loss of α-helical structure without overall thermal destabilization of the enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that Zn2+ loss due to Sirt1 S-nitrosation results in repositioning of the tetrathiolate subdomain away from the rest of the catalytic domain, thereby disrupting the NAD+ and acetyl-lysine-binding sites. Sirt1 S-nitrosation was reversed upon exposure to the thiol-based reducing agents, including physiologically relevant concentrations of the cellular reducing agent glutathione. Reversal of S-nitrosation resulted in full restoration of Sirt1 activity only in the presence of Zn2+, consistent with S-nitrosation of the Zn2+-tetrathiolate as the primary source of Sirt1 inhibition upon S-nitrosoglutathione treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S Kalous
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Michael D Olp
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Brian C Smith
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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24
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Cortese D, Chegaev K, Guglielmo S, Wang LZ, Golding BT, Cano C, Fruttero R. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N(2) -Substituted 2,4-Diamino-6-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidines and Related 5-Cyano-NNO-azoxy Derivatives as Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1705-8. [PMID: 27355194 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The potent and selective cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitor NU6027 (6-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitroso-2,4-diaminopyrimidine) was used as the lead for the synthesis of a series of analogues in order to provide further insight into the structure-activity relationships for 2,4-diaminopyrimidine CDK2 inhibitors. Aliphatic amino substituents were introduced at position 2. The use of linear or less sterically hindered amines gave rise to compounds endowed with slightly better activity than the lead; on the other hand, the compounds were less active if a bulkier amino substituent was used. Substitution of the 5-nitroso group with a 5-cyano-NNO-azoxy moiety afforded a new class of inhibitors, the activity of which against CDK2 was found to be similar to that of the nitroso series. The most active nitroso compound was 8 b ((2S)-2-[(4-amino-6-cyclohexylmethoxy-5-nitrosopyrimidin-2-yl)amino]propan-1-ol; IC50 =0.16 μm), while in the 5-cyano-NNO-azoxy series the most active compound was 9 b (4-amino-5-[(Z)-cyano-NNO-azoxy]-2-{[(2S)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl]amino}-6-cyclohexylmethoxypyrimidine; IC50 =0.30 μm). Taken together, these new analogues of NU6027 enhance our understanding of the structure-activity relationships for 2,4-diaminopyrimidine CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cortese
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Lan Z Wang
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Céline Cano
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Bedson Building, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- From the Second Medical Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.); and The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, partner site RhineMain), Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- From the Second Medical Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.); and The German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, partner site RhineMain), Mainz, Germany (T.M., A.D.)
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Zhou HH, Tang Y, Zhang XY, Luo CX, Gao LY, Wu HY, Chang L, Zhu DY. Delayed Administration of Tat-HA-NR2B9c Promotes Recovery After Stroke in Rats. Stroke 2015; 46:1352-8. [PMID: 25851770 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.008886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies reported that Tat-NR2B9c, a peptide disrupting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-postsynaptic density protein-95 interaction, reduced ischemic damage in the acute phase after stroke. However, its effect in the subacute phase is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether disrupting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-postsynaptic density protein-95 interaction in the subacute phase promotes recovery after stroke. METHODS Studies were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats or nNOS(-/-) mice, and experimental ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Animals were treated with drugs starting at day 4 after ischemia. Sensorimotor functions and spatial learning and memory ability were assessed after drug treatment. Then, rats were euthanized for morphological observation and biochemical tests. RESULTS Disrupting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-postsynaptic density protein-95 interaction with Tat-HA-NR2B9c significantly ameliorated the ischemia-induced impairments of spatial memory and sensorimotor functions in rats during subacute stage but did not improve stroke outcome in nNOS(-/-) mice. Consistent with the functional recovery, Tat-HA-NR2B9c substantially increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and dendritic spine density of mature neurons in the motor cortex of rats, meanwhile, reversed the ischemia-induced formation of S-nitrosylation-cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and increased cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity in ipsilateral hippocampus. However, directly blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors with MK-801 or Ro 25-6981 did not show the beneficial effects above. CONCLUSIONS Dissociating N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling by Tat-HA-NR2B9c in the subacute phase after stroke promotes functional recovery, probably because of that it increases neurogenesis and dendritic spine density of mature neurons via regulating cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hui Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Tang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yong Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Yan Gao
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (H.-H.Z., Y.T., X.-Y.Z., C.-X.L., L.-Y.G., H.-Y.W., L.C., D.-Y.Z.), Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration (C.-X.L., H.-Y.W., D.-Y.Z.), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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27
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Tewari SG, Zhou Y, Otto BJ, Dash RK, Kwok WM, Beard DA. Markov chain Monte Carlo based analysis of post-translationally modified VDAC gating kinetics. Front Physiol 2015; 5:513. [PMID: 25628567 PMCID: PMC4292549 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the main conduit for permeation of solutes (including nucleotides and metabolites) of up to 5 kDa across the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Recent studies suggest that VDAC activity is regulated via post-translational modifications (PTMs). Yet the nature and effect of these modifications is not understood. Herein, single channel currents of wild-type, nitrosated, and phosphorylated VDAC are analyzed using a generalized continuous-time Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. This developed method describes three distinct conducting states (open, half-open, and closed) of VDAC activity. Lipid bilayer experiments are also performed to record single VDAC activity under un-phosphorylated and phosphorylated conditions, and are analyzed using the developed stochastic search method. Experimental data show significant alteration in VDAC gating kinetics and conductance as a result of PTMs. The effect of PTMs on VDAC kinetics is captured in the parameters associated with the identified Markov model. Stationary distributions of the Markov model suggest that nitrosation of VDAC not only decreased its conductance but also significantly locked VDAC in a closed state. On the other hand, stationary distributions of the model associated with un-phosphorylated and phosphorylated VDAC suggest a reversal in channel conformation from relatively closed state to an open state. Model analyses of the nitrosated data suggest that faster reaction of nitric oxide with Cys-127 thiol group might be responsible for the biphasic effect of nitric oxide on basal VDAC conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra G Tewari
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yifan Zhou
- HD Biosciences Corporation Shanghai, China
| | - Bradley J Otto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Cikotiene I, Jonusis M, Jakubkiene V. The first example of the Fischer-Hepp type rearrangement in pyrimidines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1819-25. [PMID: 24062848 PMCID: PMC3778328 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A N-nitroso moiety can be used for the activation of chloropyrimidines toward a nucleophilic substitution reaction with amines. The subsequent treatment of the obtained products with aq H2SO4 can lead to either N-denitrosation to obtain 4,6-pyrimidinediamines or to a Fischer–Hepp type rearrangement to obtain 5-nitroso-4,6-pyrimidinediamines. It was found that the outcome of the reaction strongly depends on the structure of the pyrimidines. Activation of the pyrimidine ring by three groups with a positive mesomeric effect is crucial for the intramolecular nitroso group migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Cikotiene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania, Inga Cikotiene -
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29
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Navuluri C, Crich D. Chemical diversification of sialic acid glycosides by stereospecific, chemoselective deamination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11339-42. [PMID: 24038615 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Late bloomer: Nitrosation of peracetylated sialic acid glycosides followed by treatment with sodium trifluoroethoxide and then a suitable nucleophile enables the late-stage modification of these glycosides with stereospecific replacement of the acetamido group. This method should enable access to many glycoside derivatives with a minimum of synthetic effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Navuluri
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202 (USA)
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30
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Heinrich TA, da Silva RS, Miranda KM, Switzer CH, Wink DA, Fukuto JM. Biological nitric oxide signalling: chemistry and terminology. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:1417-29. [PMID: 23617570 PMCID: PMC3724101 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological nitrogen oxide signalling and stress is an area of extreme clinical, pharmacological, toxicological, biochemical and chemical research interest. The utility of nitric oxide and derived species as signalling agents is due to their novel and vast chemical interactions with a variety of biological targets. Herein, the chemistry associated with the interaction of the biologically relevant nitrogen oxide species with fundamental biochemical targets is discussed. Specifically, the chemical interactions of nitrogen oxides with nucleophiles (e.g. thiols), metals (e.g. hemeproteins) and paramagnetic species (e.g. dioxygen and superoxide) are addressed. Importantly, the terms associated with the mechanisms by which NO (and derived species) react with their respective biological targets have been defined by numerous past chemical studies. Thus, in order to assist researchers in referring to chemical processes associated with nitrogen oxide biology, the vernacular associated with these chemical interactions is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassiele A Heinrich
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto – USPRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto – USPRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher H Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State UniversityRohnert Park, CA, USA
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Bratt JM, Zeki AA, Last JA, Kenyon NJ. Competitive metabolism of L-arginine: arginase as a therapeutic target in asthma. J Biomed Res 2013; 25:299-308. [PMID: 23554705 PMCID: PMC3596726 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath nitric oxide (NO) is an accepted asthma biomarker. Lung concentrations of NO and its amino acid precursor, L-arginine, are regulated by the relative expressions of the NO synthase (NOS) and arginase isoforms. Increased expression of arginase I and NOS2 occurs in murine models of allergic asthma and in biopsies of asthmatic airways. Although clinical trials involving the inhibition of NO-producing enzymes have shown mixed results, small molecule arginase inhibitors have shown potential as a therapeutic intervention in animal and cell culture models. Their transition to clinical trials is hampered by concerns regarding their safety and potential toxicity. In this review, we discuss the paradigm of arginase and NOS competition for their substrate L-arginine in the asthmatic airway. We address the functional role of L-arginine in inflammation and the potential role of arginase inhibitors as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bratt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Morakinyo MK, Chipinda I, Hettick J, Siegel PD, Abramson J, Strongin R, Martincigh BS, Simoyi RH. Detailed mechanistic investigation into the S- nitrosation of cysteamine. CAN J CHEM 2012; 9:724-738. [PMID: 26594054 DOI: 10.1139/v2012-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitrosation of cysteamine (H2NCH2CH2SH) to produce cysteamine-S-nitrosothiol (CANO) was studied in slightly acidic medium by using nitrous acid prepared in situ. The stoichiometry of the reaction was H2NCH2CH2SH + HNO2 → H2NCH2CH2SNO + H2O. On prolonged standing, the nitrosothiol decomposed quantitatively to yield the disulfide, cystamine: 2H2NCH2CH2SNO → H2NCH2CH2S-SCH2CH2NH2 + 2NO. NO2 and N2O3 are not the primary nitrosating agents, since their precursor (NO) was not detected during the nitrosation process. The reaction is first order in nitrous acid, thus implicating it as the major nitrosating agent in mildly acidic pH conditions. Acid catalyzes nitrosation after nitrous acid has saturated, implicating the protonated nitrous acid species, the nitrosonium cation (NO+) as a contributing nitrosating species in highly acidic environments. The acid catalysis at constant nitrous acid concentrations suggests that the nitrosonium cation nitrosates at a much higher rate than nitrous acid. Bimolecular rate constants for the nitrosation of cysteamine by nitrous acid and by the nitrosonium cation were deduced to be 17.9 ± 1.5 (mol/L)-1 s-1 and 6.7 × 104 (mol/L)-1 s-1, respectively. Both Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions were effective catalysts for the formation and decomposition of the cysteamine nitrosothiol. Cu(II) ions could catalyze the nitrosation of cysteamine in neutral conditions, whereas Cu(I) could only catalyze in acidic conditions. Transnitrosation kinetics of CANO with glutathione showed the formation of cystamine and the mixed disulfide with no formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The nitrosation reaction was satisfactorily simulated by a simple reaction scheme involving eight reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshood K Morakinyo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Itai Chipinda
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Justin Hettick
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Paul D Siegel
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jonathan Abramson
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Robert Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
| | - Reuben H Simoyi
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
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Abstract
Although chemical mechanisms for the formation of nitrosothiol from •NO have been studied extensively "in the test tube", surprisingly little is known regarding the mechanism(s) of how nitrosothiols are formed in vivo. This lack of understanding has hampered more general acceptance of the concept of cysteine nitrosothiol formation as a generally applicable, regulated, and functionally significant protein posttranslational modification (as opposed to multiple other •NO-induced thiol modifications). Here we provide a brief overview/summary of the cellular formation of nitrosothiols from •NO via two possible mechanisms involving oxygen or transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Center for Free Radical Biology Departments of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Gordge MP, Xiao F. S-nitrosothiols as selective antithrombotic agents - possible mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:1572-80. [PMID: 20233220 PMCID: PMC2925480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols have a number of potential clinical applications, among which their use as antithrombotic agents has been emphasized. This is largely because of their well-documented platelet inhibitory effects, which show a degree of platelet selectivity, although the mechanism of this remains undefined. Recent progress in understanding how nitric oxide (NO)-related signalling is delivered into cells from stable S-nitrosothiol compounds has revealed a variety of pathways, in particular denitrosation by enzymes located at the cell surface, and transport of intact S-nitrosocysteine via the amino acid transporter system-L (L-AT). Differences in the role of these pathways in platelets and vascular cells may in part explain the reported platelet-selective action. In addition, emerging evidence that S-nitrosothiols regulate key targets on the exofacial surfaces of cells involved in the thrombotic process (for example, protein disulphide isomerase, integrins and tissue factor) suggests novel antithrombotic actions, which may not even require transmembrane delivery of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Gordge
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Westminster, London, UK.
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35
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Basu S, Keszler A, Azarova NA, Nwanze N, Perlegas A, Shiva S, Broniowska KA, Hogg N, Kim-Shapiro DB. A novel role for cytochrome c: Efficient catalysis of S-nitrosothiol formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:255-63. [PMID: 19879353 PMCID: PMC2818408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although S-nitrosothiols are regarded as important elements of many NO-dependent signal transduction pathways, the physiological mechanism of their formation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which cytochrome c may represent an efficient catalyst of S-nitrosation in vivo. In this mechanism, initial binding of glutathione to ferric cytochrome c is followed by reaction of NO with this complex, yielding ferrous cytochrome c and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). We show that when submitochondrial particles or cell lysates are exposed to NO in the presence of cytochrome c, there is a robust formation of protein S-nitrosothiols. In the case of submitochondrial particles protein S-nitrosation is paralleled by an inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. These observations raise the possibility that cytochrome c is a mediator of S-nitrosation in biological systems, particularly during hypoxia, and that release of cytochrome c into the cytosol during apoptosis potentially releases a GSNO synthase activity that could modulate apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Agnes Keszler
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | | | - Nneka Nwanze
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Andreas Perlegas
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | | | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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Wang P, Liu GH, Wu K, Qu J, Huang B, Zhang X, Zhou X, Gerace L, Chen C. Repression of classical nuclear export by S-nitrosylation of CRM1. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:3772-9. [PMID: 19812309 PMCID: PMC2758806 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.057026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The karyopherin chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is the major receptor for classical nuclear protein export. However, little is known about the regulation of CRM1 itself. Here, we report that cellular CRM1 became S-nitrosylated after extensive exposure to endogenous or exogenous nitric oxide (NO). This abrogated the interaction of CRM1 with nuclear export signals (NESs) and repressed classical protein export. Analysis by mass spectrometry and involving the use of S-nitrosylation mimetic mutations indicated that modification at either of two specific cysteines of CRM1 was sufficient to abolish the CRM1-NES association. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of the corresponding S-nitrosylation-resistant CRM1 mutants rescued NO-induced repression of nuclear export. We also found that inactivation of CRM1 by NO facilitated the nuclear accumulation of the antioxidant response transcription factor Nrf2 and transcriptional activation of Nrf2-controlled genes. Together, these data demonstrate that CRM1 is negatively regulated by S-nitrosylation under nitrosative stress. We speculate that this is important for promoting a cytoprotective transcriptional response to nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
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37
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Chen WH, Young TM. Influence of nitrogen source on NDMA formation during chlorination of diuron. Water Res 2009; 43:3047-56. [PMID: 19457535 PMCID: PMC2701387 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is formed during chlorination of water containing the herbicide diuron (N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea) but formation is greatly enhanced in the presence of ammonia (chloramination). Groundwater impacted by agricultural runoff may contain diuron and relatively high total nitrogen concentrations; this study examines the impact of the nitrogen form (ammonium, nitrite or nitrate) on NDMA formation during chlorination of such waters. NDMA formation during chlorination of diuron increased in the order nitrite<nitrate<ammonium for a given chlorine, nitrogen, and diuron dose. Formation of dichloramine seemed to fully explain enhanced NDMA formation in the presence of ammonium. Nitrate unexpectedly enhanced nitrosation of diuron derivatives to form NDMA compared to the cases of no added nitrogen or nitrite addition. Nitrite addition is less effective because it consumes more chlorine and produces intermediates that react rapidly with diuron and its aromatic byproducts. Differences between surface water and groundwater in nitrogen forms and concentrations and disinfection approaches suggest strategies to reduce NDMA formation should vary with drinking water source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M. Young
- Corresponding author: phone 530-754-9399; fax: 530-752-7872; email
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Abstract
2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline(MeIQx) are heterocyclic amines (HCAs) derived from high temperature cooking of meat and thought to cause colon cancer in humans. Reactive nitrogen oxygen species, which are mediators of the inflammatory response, can convert these amines to the corresponding N-nitrosamines, N-NO-IQ and N-NO-MeIQx. This study was designed to evaluate whether these N-nitrosamines are genotoxic and could be responsible, in part, for the high incidence of colon cancer in individuals with colitis. Such an association would counsel reduced intake of well-done red meat by colitis patients. Mutagenicity was evaluated by reversion of a lacZ frameshift allele in three different E. coli strains. Strains DJ701 and DJ702 express recombinant(S. typhimurium) aromatic amine N-acetyltransferase (NAT); DJ702 also expresses recombinant human cytochrome P450 1A2 and NADPH-P450 reductase; and DJ2002 served as an N-acetyltransferase negative control. In strain DJ701, N-NO-IQ and N-NO-MeIQx elicited dose-dependent mutagenicity,which was not further increased in DJ702. Neither nitrosamine was mutagenic in strain DJ2002. While both N-nitrosamines are stable for >4 h (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), they react with DNA or 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate at lower pH (5.5) to form adducts. HOCl, a component of the inflammatory response,increased adduct formation, as measured by 32P-postlabeling. Following treatment with nuclease P1and separation by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and then HPLC, N-NO-IQ and N-NOMeIQxwere shown to form the same adducts as those formed by N-OH-MeIQx or N-OH-IQ, namely N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl) adducts. In summary, these N-nitrosamines are genotoxic and might be alternatives to their hydroxylamine analogues as activated intermediates leading to initiation of colon cancer in individuals with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui-jia Zhou
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - P. David Josephy
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The major potential site of acid nitrosation is the proximal stomach, an anatomical site prone to a rising incidence of metaplasia and adenocarcinoma. Nitrite, a pre-carcinogen present in saliva, can be converted to nitrosating species and N-nitroso compounds by acidification at low gastric pH in the presence of thiocyanate. AIMS To assess the effect of lipid and ascorbic acid on the nitrosative chemistry under conditions simulating the human proximal stomach. METHODS The nitrosative chemistry was modelled in vitro by measuring the nitrosation of four secondary amines under conditions simulating the proximal stomach. The N-nitrosamines formed were measured by gas chromatography-ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry, while nitric oxide and oxygen levels were measured amperometrically. RESULTS In absence of lipid, nitrosative stress was inhibited by ascorbic acid through conversion of nitrosating species to nitric oxide. Addition of ascorbic acid reduced the amount of N-nitrosodimethylamine formed by fivefold, N-nitrosomorpholine by >1000-fold, and totally prevented the formation of N-nitrosodiethylamine and N-nitrosopiperidine. In contrast, when 10% lipid was present, ascorbic acid increased the amount of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine and N-nitrosopiperidine formed by approximately 8-, 60- and 140-fold, respectively, compared with absence of ascorbic acid. CONCLUSION The presence of lipid converts ascorbic acid from inhibiting to promoting acid nitrosation. This may be explained by nitric oxide, formed by ascorbic acid in the aqueous phase, being able to regenerate nitrosating species by reacting with oxygen in the lipid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Combet
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Western Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Kettenhofen N, Broniowska K, Keszler A, Zhang Y, Hogg N. Proteomic methods for analysis of S- nitrosation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 851:152-9. [PMID: 17360249 PMCID: PMC1997299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses proteomic methods to detect and identify S-nitrosated proteins. Protein S-nitrosation, the post-translational modification of thiol residues to form S-nitrosothiols, has been suggested to be a mechanism of cellular redox signaling by which nitric oxide can alter cellular function through modification of protein thiol residues. It has become apparent that methods that will detect and identify low levels of S-nitrosated protein in complex protein mixtures are required in order to fully appreciate the range, extent and selectivity of this modification in both physiological and pathological conditions. While many advances have been made in the detection of either total cellular S-nitrosation or individual S-nitrosothiols, proteomic methods for the detection of S-nitrosation are in relative infancy. This review will discuss the major methods that have been used for the proteomic analysis of protein S-nitrosation and discuss the pros and cons of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kettenhofen
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Katarzyna Broniowska
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Agnes Keszler
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI 53226
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI 53226
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS When saliva, with its high nitrite content derived from the enterosalivary recirculation of dietary nitrate, meets acidic gastric juice, the nitrite is converted to nitrous acid, nitrosative species, and nitric oxide. In healthy volunteers this potentially mutagenic chemistry is focused at the gastric cardia. We have studied the location of this luminal chemistry in Barrett's patients during acid reflux. METHODS Ten Barrett's patients were studied before and after administration of 2 mmol nitrate. Using microdialysis probes we measured nitrite, ascorbic acid, total vitamin C, and thiocyanate concentrations and pH simultaneously in the proximal oesophagus, Barrett's segment, hiatal sac, proximal stomach, and distal stomach. In a subgroup, real time nitric oxide concentrations were also measured. RESULTS During acid reflux, Barrett's segment was the anatomical site with maximal potential for acid catalysed nitrosation, with its median concentration of nitrite exceeding that of ascorbic acid in two of 10 subjects before nitrate and in four of nine after nitrate. Thiocyanate, which catalyses acid nitrosation, was abundant at all anatomical sites. On entering the acidic Barrett's segment, there was a substantial fall in nitrite and the lowest ascorbic acid to total vitamin C ratio, indicative of reduction of salivary nitrite to nitric oxide at this anatomical site. Episodes of acid reflux were observed to generate nitric oxide concentrations of up to 60 muM within the Barrett's segment. CONCLUSION The interaction between acidic gastric refluxate and nitrite rich saliva activates potentially mutagenic luminal nitrosative chemistry within Barrett's oesophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Section of Medicine, Western Infirmary, 44 Church St, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva has a high nitrite concentration, derived from the enterosalivary recirculation of dietary nitrate, and is the main source of nitrite entering the acidic stomach. Acidification of nitrite in the presence of secondary amines or amides generates potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. The reaction is inhibited by ascorbic acid and catalysed by thiocyanate. AIM To determine whether there is intragastric regional variation in the chemical conditions promoting luminal nitrosation following nitrate ingestion. METHODS Using microdialysis probes, we measured concentrations of nitrite, ascorbic acid, total vitamin C, and thiocyanate simultaneously in saliva, the distal oesophagus, cardia, and the proximal and distal stomach of 17 healthy volunteers before and following intragastric nitrate (2 mmol) administration. RESULTS The median pH in the distal oesophagus, cardia, and proximal and distal stomach were 7, 2.6, 1.9, and 1.7, respectively, before, and were similar following nitrate administration. Mean nitrite concentration in the distal oesophagus was similar to that of saliva, being 29.1 micro M and 36.7 micro M, respectively, before nitrate and increasing to 181.6 micro M and 203.3 micro M after nitrate ingestion. Within the stomach, mean (SEM) nitrite concentration following nitrate was higher in the cardia (45.5 (12.7) micro M) than in the mid (7.8 (3.1)) (p<0.01) or distal (0.8 (0.6)) (p<0.1) stomach, and ascorbic acid concentration was lower at the cardia (13.0 (6.1)) than in the mid (51 (19.2)) (p<0.02) or distal (86 (29)) (p<0.01) stomach. Consequently, the median ascorbic acid to nitrite ratio was lowest at the cardia (0.3) (p<0.01) versus the mid (7.8) or distal (40) stomach. Thiocyanate concentration was similar throughout the stomach. CONCLUSIONS The conditions favouring luminal generation of N-nitroso compounds from dietary nitrate are maximal at the most proximal cardia region of the acidic stomach and may contribute to the high incidence of mutagenesis at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Section of Medicine, Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Hsia CC, Sun TT, Wang YY, Anderson LM, Armstrong D, Good RA. Enhancement of formation of the esophageal carcinogen benzylmethylnitrosamine from its precursors by Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:1878-81. [PMID: 7015348 PMCID: PMC319238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in Linxian, an area of China with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma, showed that fungal infections are common in the esophageal epithelium of patients with either premalignant changes or early esophageal carcinoma. Fungi of the genus Candida were the most frequent invaders. In these areas nitrate and nitrite are often present in high concentrations in drinking water and staple grains. The present studies have established the ability of Candida albicans to augment the nitrosative formation of the esophagus-specific carcinogen, benzylmethylnitrosamine (NBMA; N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine). Stationary C. albicans cultures, with pH held at 6.8, were incubated with the precursors of NBMA, benzylmethylamine (BMA; N-methylbenzylamine) and NaNO(2). There was a significant increase in the amount of NBMA formed in these cultures, compared to precursors-only controls. The amount of NBMA synthesized depended on fungal cell number. Exponentially growing cultures were also able to cause NBMA formation. The identity of the NBMA was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatographic coelution with authentic NBMA in three solvent systems and by mass spectroscopy. Boiled cells and conditioned medium in which cells had been incubated were not effective in enhancing nitrosation. Cultured Candida released acidic metabolites that reduced the pH of the medium when only a low concentration of buffer was present. Spontaneous nitrosation of BMA was enhanced under these acidic conditions. Thus, C. albicans infecting the esophageal epithelium could cause local formation of NBMA by both cell-mediated catalysis and extracellular decrease in pH.
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