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Gen M, Zheng H, Sun Y, Xu W, Ma N, Su H, Cheng Y, Wang S, Xing J, Zhang S, Xue L, Xue C, Mu Y, Tian X, Matsuki A, Song S. Rapid hydrolysis of NO 2 at High Ionic Strengths of Deliquesced Aerosol Particles. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:7904-7915. [PMID: 38661303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) hydrolysis in deliquesced aerosol particles forms nitrous acid and nitrate and thus impacts air quality, climate, and the nitrogen cycle. Traditionally, it is considered to proceed far too slowly in the atmosphere. However, the significance of this process is highly uncertain because kinetic studies have only been made in dilute aqueous solutions but not under high ionic strength conditions of the aerosol particles. Here, we use laboratory experiments, air quality models, and field measurements to examine the effect of the ionic strength on the reaction kinetics of NO2 hydrolysis. We find that high ionic strengths (I) enhance the reaction rate constants (kI) by more than an order of magnitude compared to that at infinite dilution (kI=0), yielding log10(kI/kI=0) = 0.04I or rate enhancement factor = 100.04I. A state-of-the-art air quality model shows that the enhanced NO2 hydrolysis reduces the negative bias in the simulated concentrations of nitrous acid by 28% on average when compared to field observations over the North China Plain. Rapid NO2 hydrolysis also enhances the levels of nitrous acid in other polluted regions such as North India and further promotes atmospheric oxidation capacity. This study highlights the need to evaluate various reaction kinetics of atmospheric aerosols with high ionic strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Haotian Zheng
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research (ECI), Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hang Su
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS - Université Orléans - CNES, Orléans Cedex 2 45071, France
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Atsushi Matsuki
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shaojie Song
- CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Harvard-China on Energy, Economy, and Environment, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Al-Humaidi JY, Riyadh SM, Farag B, Zaki MEA, Abolibda TZ, Gomha SM. Synthesis of Bis-thiazoles Tethered 1,4-Dihydropyridine and Pyridine Linkers via Simple Oxidation and their Molecular Docking as VEGFR -TK Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:CMC-EPUB-139216. [PMID: 38500276 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673266044231002071238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM In this study, a neoteric and expedient oxidation method is applied for a variety of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives such as 1,4-dihydro- 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diacetylpyridine, 3,5-bis-hydrazono--2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, and 3,5-bis-thiazoly-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro pyridine. METHOD This simple oxidation is based upon the in situ generation of nitrous acid from an aqueous sodium nitrite and acetic acid mixture and could be used to downgrade costs, sustain resources, and minimize chemical wastes. Also, a molecular modeling strategy was used to study the mechanism of action for various derivatives of bis-hydrazinylidene- thiazole as the protein Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (VEGFR TK) inhibitor through evaluating their binding scores and modes compared with Sorafenib as a reference standard. RESULT The results revealed that the interaction of hydrazinylidene and thiazole as an anticancer Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor has been improved. CONCLUSION Additionally, the compounds exhibiting the highest activity were assessed for their potential anticancer effects against HepG-2, MCF-7, and WI-38 cells, and the outcomes demonstrated encouraging activity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O .BOX 84428, Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Riyadh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Basant Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Z Abolibda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
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Kolliyedath G, Chattopadhyay T, Mondal A, Panangattu A, Muralikrishnan G, Kundu S. Modeling Reactivity of Nitrite and Nitrous Acid at a Phenolate Bridged Dizinc(II) Site: Insights into NO Signaling at Zinc. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301409. [PMID: 37492966 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Although nitrite-to-NO transformation at various transition metals including Fe and Cu are relatively well explored, examples of such a reaction at the redox-inactive zinc(II) site are limited. The present report aims to gain insights into the reactivity of nitrite anions, nitrous acid (HONO), and organonitrite (RONO) at a dizinc(II) site. A phenolate-bridged dizinc(II)-aqua complex [LH ZnII (OH2 )]2 (ClO4 )2 (1H -Aq, where LH =tridentate N,N,O-donor monoanionic ligand) is illustrated to react with t BuONO to provide a metastable arene-nitrosonium charge-transfer complex 2H . UV-vis, FTIR, multinuclear NMR, and elemental analyses suggests the presence of a 2 : 1 arene-nitrosonium moiety. Furthermore, the reactivity of a structurally characterized zinc(II)-nitrite complex [LH ZnII (ONO)]2 (1H -ONO) with a proton-source demonstrates HONO reactivity at the dizinc(II) site. Reactivity of both RONO (R=alkyl/H) at the phenolate-bridged dizinc(II) site provides NO+ charge-transfer complex 2H . Subsequently, the reactions of 2H with exogenous reductants (such as ferrocene, thiol, phenol, and catechol) have been illustrated to generate NO. In addition, NO yielding reactivity of [LH ZnII (ONO)]2 (1H -ONO) in the presence of the above-mentioned reductants have been compared with the reactions of complex 2H . Thus, this report sheds light on the transformations of NO2 - /RONO (R=alkyl/H) to NO/NO+ at the redox-inactive zinc(II) coordination motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Kolliyedath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Taraknath Chattopadhyay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Aditesh Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Aiswarya Panangattu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Girish Muralikrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
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Zhang Q, Liu P, Wang Y, George C, Chen T, Ma S, Ren Y, Mu Y, Song M, Herrmann H, Mellouki A, Chen J, Yue Y, Zhao X, Wang S, Zeng Y. Unveiling the underestimated direct emissions of nitrous acid (HONO). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302048120. [PMID: 37603738 PMCID: PMC10468620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302048120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) is a critical source of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the troposphere. While both direct and secondary sources contribute to atmospheric HONO, direct emissions have traditionally been considered minor contributors. In this study, we developed δ15N and δ18O isotopic fingerprints to identify six direct HONO emission sources and conducted a 1-y case study on the isotopic composition of atmospheric HONO at rural and urban sites. Interestingly, we identified that livestock farming is a previously overlooked direct source of HONO and determined its HONO to ammonia (NH3) emission ratio. Additionally, our results revealed that spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric HONO isotopic composition can be partially attributed to direct emissions. Through a detailed HONO budget analysis incorporating agricultural sources, we found that direct HONO emissions accounted for 39~45% of HONO production in rural areas across different seasons. The findings were further confirmed by chemistry transport model simulations, highlighting the significance of direct HONO emissions and their impact on air quality in the North China Plain. These findings provide compelling evidence that direct HONO emissions play a more substantial role in contributing to atmospheric HONO than previously believed. Moreover, the δ15N and δ18O isotopic fingerprints developed in this study may serve as a valuable tool for further research on the atmospheric chemistry of reactive nitrogen gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne69626, France
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne69626, France
| | - Tianshu Chen
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Shuyi Ma
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Yangang Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Min Song
- Shandong University Chamber Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Shandong University Chamber Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig04318, Germany
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement, CNRS, Orléans45071, France
- College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Rehamna43150, Morocco
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
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5
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Ding R, Yang R, Fu Z, Zhao W, Li M, Yu G, Ma Z, Zong H. Changes in pH and Nitrite Nitrogen Induces an Imbalance in the Oxidative Defenses of the Spotted Babylon ( Babylonia areolata). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1659. [PMID: 37759962 PMCID: PMC10526028 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to reveal the acute toxicity and physiological changes of the spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata) in response to environmental manipulation, the spotted babylon was exposed to three pH levels (7.0, 8.0 and 9.0) of seawater and four concentrations of nitrite nitrogen (0.02, 2.7, 13.5 and 27 mg/L). The activities of six immunoenzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and peroxidase (POD), were measured. The levels of pH and nitrite nitrogen concentrations significantly impacted immunoenzyme activity over time. After the acute stress of pH and nitrite nitrogen, the spotted babylon appeared to be unresponsive to external stimuli, exhibited decreased vigor, slowly climbed the wall, sank to the tank and could not stand upright. As time elapsed, with the extension of time, the spotted babylon showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing ACP, AKP, CAT and SOD activities in order to adapt to the mutated environment and improve its immunity. In contrast, POD and GSH-PX activities showed a decrease followed by an increase with time. This study explored the tolerance range of the spotted babylon to pH, nitrite nitrogen, and time, proving that external stimuli activate the body's immune response. The body's immune function has a specific range of adaptation to the environment over time. Once the body's immune system was insufficient to adapt to this range, the immune system collapsed and the snail gradually died off. This study has discovered the suitable pH and nitrite nitrogen ranges for the culture of the spotted babylon, and provides useful information on the response of the snail's immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China; (R.D.); (R.Y.); (Z.F.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China; (R.D.); (R.Y.); (Z.F.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China; (R.D.); (R.Y.); (Z.F.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Wang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China; (R.D.); (R.Y.); (Z.F.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China; (R.D.); (R.Y.); (Z.F.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China; (R.D.); (R.Y.); (Z.F.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China; (R.D.); (R.Y.); (Z.F.); (W.Z.)
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Humin Zong
- National Marine Environmental Center, Dalian 116023, China
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Yadav DK, Devappa V, Kashyap AS, Kumar N, Rana VS, Sunita K, Singh D. Boosting the Biocontrol Efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSBA-11 through Physical and Chemical Mutagens to Control Bacterial Wilt Disease of Tomato Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1790. [PMID: 37512962 PMCID: PMC10383371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), incited by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), is a serious agricultural problem in India. In this investigation, chemical mutagenic agents (NTG and HNO2 treatment) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation have been used to enhance the antagonistic property of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSBA-11 against R. solanacearum UTT-25 towards an effective management of tomato wilt disease. The investigation established the fact that maximum inhibition to R. solanacearum UTT-25 was exerted by the derivative strain MHNO2-20 treated with nitrous acid (HNO2) and then by the derivative strain MNTG-21 treated with NTG. The exertion was significantly higher than that of the parent B. amyloliquefaciens DSBA-11. These two potential derivatives viz. MNTG-21, MHNO2-20 along with MUV-19, and a wild derivative strain of B. amyloliquefaciens i.e.,DSBA-11 were selected for GC/MS analysis. Through this analysis 18 major compounds were detected. Among the compounds thus detected, the compound 3-isobutyl hexahydropyrrolo (1,2), pyrazine-1,4-dione (4.67%) was at maximum proportion in the variant MHNO2-20 at higher retention time (RT) of 43.19 s. Bio-efficacy assessment observed a record of minimum intensity (9.28%) in wilt disease and the highest bio-control (88.75%) in derivative strain MHNO2-20-treated plants after 30 days of inoculation. The derivative strain MHNO2-20, developed by treating B. amyloliquefaciens with nitrous acid (HNO2), was therefore found to have a higher bio-efficacy to control bacterial wilt disease of tomato under glasshouse conditions than a wild-type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Kumar Yadav
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Venkatappa Devappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, UHS Campus, Bagalkot, GKVK Post, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | | | - Narendra Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Gurgaon 122413, India
| | - V S Rana
- Division of Agriculture Chemical, Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Ding X, Huang C, Liu W, Ma D, Lou S, Li Q, Chen J, Yang H, Xue C, Cheng Y, Su H. Direct Observation of HONO Emissions from Real-World Residential Natural Gas Heating in China. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:4751-4762. [PMID: 36919886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals. Vehicle emissions and heterogeneous reactions have been identified as major sources of urban HONO. Here, we report on HONO emissions from residential natural gas (RNG) for water and space heating in urban areas based on in situ measurements. The observed HONO emission factors (EFs) of RNG heating vary between 6.03 and 608 mg·m-3 NG, which are highly dependent on the thermal load. The highest HONO EFs are observed at a high thermal load via the thermal NO homogeneous reaction. The average HONO EFs of RNG water heating in winter are 1.8 times higher than that in summer due to the increased thermal load caused by the lower inlet water temperatures in winter. The power-based HONO EFs of the traditional RNG heaters are 1085 times and 1.7 times higher than those of gasoline and diesel vehicles that meet the latest emission standards, respectively. It is estimated that the HONO emissions from RNG heaters in a typical Chinese city are gradually close to emissions from on-road vehicles when temperatures decline. These findings highlight that RNG heating is a non-negligible source of urban HONO emissions in China. With the continuous acceleration of coal-to-gas projects and the continuous tightening of NOx emission standards for vehicle exhaust, HONO emissions from RNG heaters will become more prominent in urban areas. Hence, it is urgently needed to upgrade traditional RNG heaters with efficient emission reduction technologies such as frequency-converted blowers, secondary condensers, and low-NOx combustors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenyang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dongxiang Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Huinan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie del'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS-Université Orléans-CNES, Orléans, Cedex 245071, France
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hang Su
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Ricker H, Leonardi A, Navea JG. Reduction and Photoreduction of NO 2 in Humic Acid Films as a Source of HONO, ClNO, N 2O, NO X , and Organic Nitrogen. ACS Earth Space Chem 2022; 6:3066-3077. [PMID: 36561196 PMCID: PMC9762234 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO), a trace atmospheric gas, is often underestimated in global atmospheric models due to the poor understanding of its daytime sources and sinks. HONO is known to accumulate during nighttime and undergo rapid photodissociation during the day to form NO and highly reactive OH radical, making it important to have accurate atmospheric HONO estimations. Despite its rapid photolysis, recent field observations have found quasi-steady-state concentrations of HONO at midday, suggesting photolytic HONO formation pathways to replenish daytime atmospheric HONO. Recent studies suggest that the presence of complex organic photosensitizers in atmospheric aerosols converts atmospheric NO2 into HONO. To better understand the effect of environmental photosensitizers in daytime mechanisms of HONO formation, we present here laboratory studies on the heterogeneous photolytic reduction of NO2 by humic acid films, a proxy for organic chromophoric compounds. The effect of pH and Cl- in the photosensitized formation of HONO and other nitrogen-containing gases is also investigated. A dual Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) system is utilized to simultaneously perform in situ analysis of condensed-phase reactants and gas-phase products. We find that the rate of HONO formation is faster at lower pHs. Nitrogen incorporation in the complex organic chromophore is observed, suggesting a competing pathway that results in suppressed daytime formation of nitrogenous gases. Significantly, the presence of chloride ions also leads to the organic-mediated photolytic formation of nitrosyl chloride (ClNO), a known precursor of HONO. Overall, this work shows that organic acid photosensitizers can reduce adsorbed NO2 to form HONO, ClNO, and NO while simultaneously incorporating nitrogen into the organic chromophores present in aerosol.
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9
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Ahn YY, Kim J, Kim K. Frozen Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitrite Solution: The Acceleration of Benzoic Acid Oxidation via the Decreased pH in Ice. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:2323-2333. [PMID: 34904827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated benzoic acid oxidation via the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrite (NO2-). The oxidation of benzoic acid by reactive nitrous acid (HONO) was negligible, and the reactivity of the H2O2/NO2- system decreased with a decrease in temperature under aqueous conditions. However, freezing markedly accelerated the chemical reaction. Based on Raman microscope measurements, concentrated species were confirmed in certain regions of the ice. We proposed that the change in nitrite speciation (accordingly, a decrease in the pH below pKa), derived from the freezing concentration effect, was the reason for the accelerated reactions. The oxidation characteristics of the system were monitored under varying conditions, such as initial pH, dosage ratio, benzoic acid concentration, and reaction with various benzene derivatives. The ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI/MS) measurement showed that peroxynitrous acid (HOONO)-mediated oxidation generated hydroxylated and nitrated byproducts. Additionally, decarboxylated products were detected, indicating direct electron transfer from the organic compounds to HOONO. As freezing is a global phenomenon, and H2O2 and NO2- are ubiquitous in the environment, the transformation of aromatic compounds with H2O2/NO2- in cold environments must be considered in environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yoon Ahn
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science of Technology (UST), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kalalian C, Depoorter A, Abis L, Perrier S, George C. Indoor heterogeneous photochemistry of molds and their contribution to HONO formation. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e12971. [PMID: 34866244 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the impact of molds on indoor air quality, we studied the photochemistry of microbial films made by Aspergillus niger species, a common indoor mold. Specifically, we investigated their implication in the conversion of adsorbed nitrate anions into gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx ), as well as the related VOC emissions under different indoor conditions, using a high-resolution proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) and a long path absorption photometer (LOPAP). The different mold preparations were characterized by the means of direct injection into an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer with a heated electrospray ionization (ESI-Orbitrap-MS). The formation of a wide range of VOCs, having emission profiles sensitive to the types of films (either doped by potassium nitrate or not), cultivation time, UV-light irradiation, potassium nitrate concentration and relative humidity was observed. The formation of nitrous acid from these films was also determined and found to be dependent on light and relative humidity. Finally, the reaction paths for the NOx and HONO production are proposed. This work helps to better understand the implication of microbial surfaces as a new indoor source for HONO emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Kalalian
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Univ. Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antoine Depoorter
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Univ. Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Letizia Abis
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Univ. Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Univ. Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Univ. Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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11
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Zhu C, Jagdale G, Gandolfo A, Alanis K, Abney R, Zhou L, Bish D, Raff JD, Baker LA. Surface Charge Measurements with Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Provide Insights into Nitrous Acid Speciation at the Kaolin Mineral-Air Interface. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:12233-12242. [PMID: 34449200 PMCID: PMC9277718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Unique surface properties of aluminosilicate clay minerals arise from anisotropic distribution of surface charge across their layered structures. Yet, a molecular-level understanding of clay mineral surfaces has been hampered by the lack of analytical techniques capable of measuring surface charges at the nanoscale. This is important for understanding the reactivity, colloidal stability, and ion-exchange capacity properties of clay minerals, which constitute a major fraction of global soils. In this work, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is used for the first time to visualize the surface charge and topography of dickite, a well-ordered member of the kaolin subgroup of clay minerals. Dickite displayed a pH-independent negative charge on basal surfaces whereas the positive charge on edges increased from pH 6 to 3. Surface charges responded to malonate addition, which promoted dissolution/precipitation reactions. Results from SICM were used to interpret heterogeneous reactivity studies showing that gas-phase nitrous acid (HONO) is released from the protonation of nitrite at Al-OH2+ groups on dickite edges at pH well above the aqueous pKa of HONO. This study provides nanoscale insights into mineral surface processes that affect environmental processes on the local and global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Gargi Jagdale
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Adrien Gandolfo
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public & Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kristen Alanis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Rebecca Abney
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public & Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lushan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - David Bish
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
| | - Jonathan D Raff
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public & Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, United States
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12
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Tomita H, Katsuyama Y, Ohnishi Y. Rapid evaluation of the substrate specificity of 3-nitrobenzoic acid dioxygenase MnbAB via colorimetric detection using Saltzman reagent. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6359141. [PMID: 34453549 PMCID: PMC8788832 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds are essential materials for chemical industry, but they are also potentially toxic environmental pollutants. Therefore, their sensitive detection and degradation are important concerns. The microbial degradation pathways of nitroaromatic compounds have been studied in detail, but their usefulness needs to be evaluated to understand their potential applications in bioremediation. Here, we developed a rapid and relatively sensitive assay system to evaluate the activities and substrate specificities of nitroaromatic dioxygenases involved in the oxidative biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds. In this system, nitrous acid, which was released from the nitroaromatic compounds by the dioxygenases, was detected and quantified using the Saltzman reagent. Escherichia coli producing the 3-nitrobenzoic acid dioxygenase complex MnbAB from Comamonas sp. JS46 clearly showed the apparent substrate specificity of MnbAB as follows. MnbAB accepted not only 3-nitrobenzoic acid but also several other p- and m-nitrobenzoic acid derivatives as substrates, although it much preferred 3-nitrobenzoic acid to others. Furthermore, the presence of a hydroxy or an amino group at the ortho position of the nitro group decreased the activity of MnbAB. In addition, MnbAB accepted 2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid as a substrate, which has one additional methylene group between the aromatic ring and the carboxy group of 3-nitrobenzoic acid. This is the first report about the detailed substrate specificity of MnbAB. Our system can be used for other nitroaromatic dioxygenases and contribute to their characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Tomita
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
| | - Yohei Katsuyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Olson DA, Riedel TP, Offenberg JH, Lewandowski M, Long R, Kleindienst TE. Quantifying wintertime O 3 and NO x formation with relevance vector machines. Atmos Environ (1994) 2021; 259:1-118538. [PMID: 34385886 PMCID: PMC8353961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses a machine learning model called a relevance vector machine (RVM) to quantify ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation under wintertime conditions. Field study measurements were based on previous work described by Olson et al. (2019), where continuous measurements were reported from a wintertime field study in Utah. RVMs were formulated using either O3 or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as the output variable. Values of the correlation coefficient (r2) between predicted and measured concentrations were 0.944 for O3 and 0.931 for NO2. RVMs are constructed from the observed measurements and result in sparse model formulations, meaning that only a subset of the data is used to approximate the entire dataset. For this study, the RVM with O3 as the output variable used only 20% of the measurement data while the RVM with NO2 used 16%. RVMs were then used as a predictive model to assess the importance of individual precursors. Using O3 as the output variable, increases in three species resulted in increased O3 concentrations: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), and molecular chlorine (Cl2). For the two termination products measured during the study, nitric acid (HNO3) and formic acid (CH2O2), no change in O3 concentration was observed. Using NO2 as the output variable, only increases in N2O5 resulted in increased NO2 concentrations.
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14
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Pandit S, Mora Garcia SL, Grassian VH. HONO Production from Gypsum Surfaces Following Exposure to NO 2 and HNO 3: Roles of Relative Humidity and Light Source. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9761-9772. [PMID: 34236834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a toxic household pollutant and a major source of indoor OH radicals. The high surface-to-volume ratio and diverse lighting conditions make the indoor photochemistry of HONO complex. This study demonstrates surface uptake of NO2 and gaseous HNO3 followed by gas-phase HONO generation on gypsum surfaces, model system for drywall, under reaction conditions appropriate for an indoor air environment. Tens of parts per billion of steady-state HONO are detected under these experimental conditions. Mechanistic insight into this heterogeneous photochemistry is obtained by exploring the roles of material compositions, relative humidities, and light sources. NO2 and HNO3 are adsorbed onto drywall surfaces, which can generate HONO under illumination and under dark conditions. Photoenhanced HONO generation is observed for illumination with a solar simulator as well as with the common indoor light sources such as compact fluorescence light and incandescent light bulbs. Incandescent light sources release more HONO and NO2 near the light source compared to the solar radiation. Overall, HONO production on the gypsum surface increases with the increase of RH up to 70% relative humidity; above that, the gaseous HONO level decreases due to surface loss. Heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 is predicted to be the dominant HONO generation channel, where NO2 is produced through the photolysis of surface-adsorbed nitrates. This hydrolysis reaction predominantly occurs in the first layer of surface-adsorbed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrangshu Pandit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephanie L Mora Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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15
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Zhao X, Shi X, Ma X, Wang J, Xu F, Zhang Q, Li Y, Teng Z, Han Y, Wang Q, Wang W. Simulation Verification of Barrierless HONO Formation from the Oxidation Reaction System of NO, Cl, and Water in the Atmosphere. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:7850-7857. [PMID: 34019399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a major source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals, and identifying its source is crucial to atmospheric chemistry. Here, a new formation route of HONO from the reaction of NO with Cl radicals with the aid of one or two water molecules [(Cl) (NO) (H2O)n (n = 1-2)] as well as on the droplet surface was found by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamic simulation and metadynamic simulation. The (Cl) (NO) (H2O)1 (monohydrate) system exhibited a free-energy barrier of approximately 0.95 kcal mol-1, whereas the (Cl) (NO) (H2O)2 (dihydrate) system was barrierless. For the dihydrate system and the reaction of NO with Cl radicals on the droplet surface, only one water molecule participated in the reaction and the other acted as the "solvent" molecule. The production rates of HONO suggested that the monohydrate system ([NO] = 8.56 × 1012 molecule cm-3, [Cl] = 8.00 × 106 molecule cm-3, [H2O] = 5.18 × 1017 molecule cm-3) could account for 40.3% of the unknown HONO production rate (Punknown) at site 1 and 53.8% of Punknown at site 2 in the East China Sea. This study identified the importance of the reaction system of NO, Cl, and water molecules in the formation of HONO in the marine boundary layer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Zhao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhuochao Teng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Han
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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16
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Deng H, Liu J, Wang Y, Song W, Wang X, Li X, Vione D, Gligorovski S. Effect of Inorganic Salts on N-Containing Organic Compounds Formed by Heterogeneous Reaction of NO 2 with Oleic Acid. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:7831-7840. [PMID: 34086442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids are ubiquitous constituents of grime on urban and indoor surfaces and they represent important surfactants on organic aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Here, we assess the heterogeneous processing of NO2 on films consisting of pure oleic acid (OA) or a mixture of OA and representative salts for urban grime and aerosol particles, namely Na2SO4 and NaNO3. The uptake coefficients of NO2 on OA under light irradiation (300 nm < λ < 400 nm) decreased with increasing relative humidity (RH), from (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10-6 at 0% RH to (7.1 ± 1.6) × 10-7 at 90% RH. The uptake process of NO2 on OA gives HONO as a reaction product, and the highest HONO production was observed upon the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with OA in the presence of nitrate (NO3-) ions. The formation of gaseous nitroaromatic compounds was also enhanced in the presence of NO3- ions upon light-induced heterogeneous processing of NO2 with OA, as revealed by membrane inlet single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MI-SPI-TOFMS). These results suggest that inorganic salts can affect the heterogeneous conversion of gaseous NO2 on fatty acids and enhance the formation of HONO and other N-containing organic compounds in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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17
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Vogel DJ, Rimsza JM, Nenoff TM. Prediction of Reactive Nitrous Acid Formation in Rare-Earth MOFs via ab initio Molecular Dynamics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11514-11522. [PMID: 33690943 PMCID: PMC8252009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive gas formation in pores of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a known mechanism of framework destruction; understanding those mechanisms for future durability design is key to next generation adsorbents. Herein, an extensive set of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations are used for the first time to predict competitive adsorption of mixed acid gases (NO2 and H2 O) and the in-pore reaction mechanisms for a series of rare earth (RE)-DOBDC MOFs. Spontaneous formation of nitrous acid (HONO) is identified as a result of deprotonation of the MOF organic linker, DOBDC. The unique DOBDC coordination to the metal clusters allows for proton transfer from the linker to the NO2 without the presence of H2 O and may be a factor in DOBDC MOF durability. This is a previously unreported mechanisms of HONO formation in MOFs. With the presented methodology, prediction of future gas interactions in new nanoporous materials can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayton J. Vogel
- Nanoscale Sciences DepartmentSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM87185USA
| | - Jessica M. Rimsza
- Geochemistry DepartmentSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM87185USA
| | - Tina M. Nenoff
- Material, Physical, and Chemical SciencesSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM87185USA
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Depoorter A, Kalalian C, Emmelin C, Lorentz C, George C. Indoor heterogeneous photochemistry of furfural drives emissions of nitrous acid. Indoor Air 2021; 31:682-692. [PMID: 33020975 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
People spend approximately 80% of their time indoor, making the understanding of the indoor chemistry an important task for safety. The high surface-area-to-volume ratio characteristic of indoor environments leads the semi-volatile organic compounds (sVOCs) to deposit on the surfaces. Using a long path absorption photometer (LOPAP), this work investigates the formation of nitrous acid (HONO) through the photochemistry of adsorbed nitrate anions and its enhancement by the presence of furfural. Using a high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS), this work also investigates the surface emissions of VOCs from irradiated films of furfural and a mix of furfural and nitrate anions. Among the emitted VOCs, 2(5H)-furanone/2-Butenedial was observed at high concentrations, leading to maleic anhydride formation after UV irradiation. Moreover, the addition of potassium nitrate to the film formed NOx and HONO concentrations up to 10 ppb, which scales to ca. 4 ppb for realistic indoor conditions. This work helps to understand the high levels of HONO and NOx measured indoors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Kalalian
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Corinne Emmelin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chantal Lorentz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Mayer A, Rindelaub J, Miskelly GM. Nitrosamine formation from the reaction of methamphetamine with gaseous nitrous acid. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:474-480. [PMID: 33864657 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is the most commonly seized amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) worldwide. Chemical residues associated with the use or manufacture of methamphetamine can persist in the air and surfaces in a property for over 5 years and potentially pose risks to the health and safety of the public. When a house is tested for contamination, the test focuses on the presence of surface methamphetamine residue; however, other hazardous chemicals may also be present, including methamphetamine precursors and reaction products. As little has been reported about the ageing of the methamphetamine inside dwellings, there is currently large uncertainty regarding its fate and/or degradation products in such environments. If the indoor reactivity of methamphetamine is similar to that of nicotine-derived third-hand smoke, the production of a carcinogenic nitrosamine is an expected result. Thus, this proof-of-concept study investigated the reaction of methamphetamine with the common gaseous indoor oxidant nitrous acid (HONO) and monitored the fate of the resulting reaction products in simulated laboratory experiments to further understand the potential health risks associated with contaminated properties. Surface methamphetamine residue was observed to decrease with an exponential decay with an upper limit of 2.38 ± 0.5 × 10-3 min-1 upon exposure to HONO gas (5.7 ppmv, 0.25 L min-1 ). N-nitrosomethamphetamine (NMA), a suspected human mutagen and carcinogen, was detected to have a steady-state formation over the sampling time frame, with a surface area concentration of 0.87 μg/100 cm2 , suggesting that the risks to public health for properties contaminated with methamphetamine may be currently underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mayer
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joel Rindelaub
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gordon M Miskelly
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Klosterköther A, Kurtenbach R, Wiesen P, Kleffmann J. Determination of the emission indices for NO, NO 2 , HONO, HCHO, CO, and particles emitted from candles. Indoor Air 2021; 31:116-127. [PMID: 32650352 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, emission indices for NO, NO2 , HONO, HCHO, CO, particle mass, and particle numbers including particle size distributions for three different offering candles were determined. The candles investigated showed similar emission characteristics with emission indices (g/kg) in good agreement with former candle emission studies. An average HONO/NOx emission ratio of 6.6 ± 1.1% was obtained, which is much higher compared to most other combustion sources, indicating that candles may be a significant indoor source of this important trace gas. The particle size distributions indicate that the majority of the emitted particles are in the size range 7 - 15 nm. Three modes were observed during burning the candles with very different emission profiles: a "normal burning" mode characterized by low particle number emission rates and small particles; an initial "sooting" behavior after ignition, and a final "smoldering" phase upon candle extinction with higher particle number emission rates and larger particles. The particle emission upon extinction is dependent on the extinction method. The NOx emission indices were applied in a simple box model to calculate typical indoor NOx concentration levels from candle emissions, which were in excellent agreement with direct measurements in a typical indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klosterköther
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ralf Kurtenbach
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleffmann
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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21
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Wang YZ, Xue CY, Zhang CL, Liu PF, Zhang YY, Chen H, Chen JM, Mu YJ, Liu JF. [Analysis of HONO Concentration and Source in Typical Rural Area of North China]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:3973-3981. [PMID: 31854859 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201902072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is easily photolyzed with the production of·OH, which plays an important role in the formation of regional secondary pollution. In China, research of HONO observation is concentrated mainly in urban areas and is rarely reported in rural areas. In our study, a one-month HONO field observation was conducted at the Station of Rural Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Dongbaituo Village, Wangdu County, Hebei Province) in November 2017 using the long path absorption photo meter (LOPAP). The concentration, variety characteristics, and budget of HONO was studied. During the observation period, HONO exhibited pronounced diurnal variation with low concentrations in the day and high concentration in the evening. The highest concentration at night was about 3.70×10-9, and the lowest concentration at noon was about 0.10×10-9, indicating the presence of a strong source of HONO in rural areas. The CO concentration increased significantly before and after heating, whereas the HONO concentration did not change significantly, indicating that heating combustion contributed less to HONO, Direct emission of motor vehicles at night contributed 23.20% and 31.20% to HONO in polluted and clean weather conditions, respectively, indicating the presence of strong sources of HONO in polluted weather conditions. The average formation rate of HONO at night from homogeneous reaction of·OH and NO could reach 0.40×10-9 h-1, which is 0.67 times higher than that of heterogeneous reaction of NO2 (0.24×10-9 h-1), indicating that the homogeneous reaction of·OH and NO is the main source of HONO at night. HONO has a strong unknown source in the daytime with an intensity reaching 1.37×10-9 h-1, which contributes about 50% to HONO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao-Yang Xue
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu-Jing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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22
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Cummings BE, Waring MS. Predicting the importance of oxidative aging on indoor organic aerosol concentrations using the two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS). Indoor Air 2019; 29:616-629. [PMID: 30861195 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosol (OA) is chemically dynamic, continuously evolving by oxidative chemistry, for instance, via hydroxyl radical (OH) reactions. Studies have explored this evolution (so-called OA aging) in the atmosphere, but none have investigated it indoors. Aging organic molecules in both particle and gas-phases undergo changes in oxygen content and volatility, which may ultimately either enhance or reduce the condensed-phase OA concentration (COA ). This work models OH-induced aging using the two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D-VBS) within an indoor model and explores its significance on COA relative to prior modeling methodologies which neglect aging transformations. Lagrangian, time-averaged, and transient indoor simulations were conducted. The time-averaged simulations included a Monte Carlo procedure and sensitivity analysis, using input distributions typical of U.S. residences. Results demonstrate that indoors, aging generally leads to COA augmentation. The extent to which this is significant is conditional upon several factors, most notably temperature, OH exposure, and OA mass loading. Time-averaged COA was affected minimally in typical residences (<5% increase). However, some plausible cases may cause stronger COA enhancements, such as in a sunlit room where photolysis facilitates significant OH production (~20% increase), or during a transient OH-producing cleaning event (~35% peak increase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E Cummings
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Waring
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Twigg FF, Cai W, Huang W, Liu J, Sato M, Perez TJ, Geng J, Dror MJ, Montanez I, Tong TL, Lee H, Zhang W. Identifying the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Triacsins with an N-Hydroxytriazene Moiety. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1145-1149. [PMID: 30589194 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Triacsins are a family of natural products having in common an N-hydroxytriazene moiety not found in any other known secondary metabolites. Though many studies have examined the biological activity of triacsins in lipid metabolism, their biosynthesis has remained unknown. Here we report the identification of the triacsin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces aureofaciens ATCC 31442. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene cluster led to the discovery of the tacrolimus producer Streptomyces tsukubaensis NRRL 18488 as a new triacsin producer. In addition to targeted gene disruption to identify necessary genes for triacsin production, stable isotope feeding was performed in vivo to advance the understanding of N-hydroxytriazene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick F Twigg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Joyce Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Tynan J Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Jiaxin Geng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Moriel J Dror
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Ismael Montanez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Tate L Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Hyunsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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24
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Mushinski RM, Phillips RP, Payne ZC, Abney RB, Jo I, Fei S, Pusede SE, White JR, Rusch DB, Raff JD. Microbial mechanisms and ecosystem flux estimation for aerobic NO y emissions from deciduous forest soils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2138-45. [PMID: 30659144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814632116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy; NOy = NO + NO2 + HONO) decrease air quality and impact radiative forcing, yet the factors responsible for their emission from nonpoint sources (i.e., soils) remain poorly understood. We investigated the factors that control the production of aerobic NOy in forest soils using molecular techniques, process-based assays, and inhibitor experiments. We subsequently used these data to identify hotspots for gas emissions across forests of the eastern United States. Here, we show that nitrogen oxide soil emissions are mediated by microbial community structure (e.g., ammonium oxidizer abundances), soil chemical characteristics (pH and C:N), and nitrogen (N) transformation rates (net nitrification). We find that, while nitrification rates are controlled primarily by chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), the production of NOy is mediated in large part by chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Variation in nitrification rates and nitrogen oxide emissions tracked variation in forest communities, as stands dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees had greater N transformation rates and NOy fluxes than stands dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees. Given mapped distributions of AM and ECM trees from 78,000 forest inventory plots, we estimate that broadleaf forests of the Midwest and the eastern United States as well as the Mississippi River corridor may be considered hotspots of biogenic NOy emissions. Together, our results greatly improve our understanding of NOy fluxes from forests, which should lead to improved predictions about the atmospheric consequences of tree species shifts owing to land management and climate change.
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25
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Olson DA, Riedel TP, Long R, Offenberg JH, Lewandowski M, Kleindienst TE. Time series analysis of wintertime O 3 and NO x formation using vector autoregressions. Atmos Environ (1994) 2019; 218:1-116988. [PMID: 31666799 PMCID: PMC6820145 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 11 species are reported from continuous measurements taken during a wintertime field study in Utah. Time series data for measured species generally displayed strong diurnal patterns. Six species show a diurnal pattern of daytime maximums (NO, NOy, O3, H2O2, CH2O2, and Cl2), while five species show a diurnal pattern of night time maximums (NO2, HONO, ClNO2, HNO3, and N2O5). Vector autoregression analyses were completed to better understand important species influencing the formation of O3 and NOx. For the species studied, r2 values of predicted versus measured concentrations ranged from 0.82-0.99. Fitting parameters for the autoregressive matrix, Π, indicated the importance of species precursors. In addition, values of fitting parameters for Π were relatively insensitive to data size, with variations generally <10%. Variable causation was quantified using the Granger causation method. Assuming O3 and NOx behave as chemical products, reactants (in order of importance) are as follows: H2O2, N2O5, HONO, and ClNO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Olson
- for submission to Atmospheric Environment Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Theran P. Riedel
- for submission to Atmospheric Environment Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Russell Long
- for submission to Atmospheric Environment Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - John H. Offenberg
- for submission to Atmospheric Environment Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- for submission to Atmospheric Environment Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Tadeusz E. Kleindienst
- for submission to Atmospheric Environment Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
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26
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Tian ZL, Yang WD, Yu XF, Zhang MM, Zhang HW, Cheng D, Cheng P, Wang BG. [HONO Pollution Characteristics and Nighttime Sources During Autumn in Guangzhou, China]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:2000-2009. [PMID: 29965498 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201709269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) plays an important role in atmospheric photochemistry processes because its photolysis provides an efficient source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the troposphere. However, few studies exist on HONO in nocturnal chemistry processes. Using the observation data of HONO and related parameters for a super site at Guangzhou Jinan University in October 2015, the pollution processes and sources of HONO during nighttime were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the average concentration of HONO was 4.32 μg ·m-3 during the nighttime, which was 2.6 times its concentration of 1.67 μg ·m-3 in the daytime. The conversion rate of HONO, CHONO, during the nighttime was 0.0068 h-1, and the average contribution of vehicle emissions to HONO was 15.1%, with a peak of 37.8% at 20:00. The average net HONO generation rate from the reaction of NO and OH radicals during the night was 0.44 μg ·(m3 ·h)-1. Correlation analysis suggested that particles could not be the major HONO source, but that relative humidity (RH; 33%-78%) was a key factor. Relevant calculation indicated that the heterogeneous reaction of deposited NO2 on humid ground surfaces could be the main source of HONO during nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Tian
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wen-da Yang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - He-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ding Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo-Guang Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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27
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Katsuyama Y, Sato Y, Sugai Y, Higashiyama Y, Senda M, Senda T, Ohnishi Y. Crystal structure of the nitrosuccinate lyase CreD in complex with fumarate provides insights into the catalytic mechanism for nitrous acid elimination. FEBS J 2018; 285:1540-1555. [PMID: 29505698 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes belonging to the aspartase/fumarase superfamily catalyze elimination of various functional groups from succinate derivatives and play an important role in primary metabolism and aromatic compound degradation. Recently, an aspartase/fumarase superfamily enzyme, CreD, was discovered in cremeomycin biosynthesis. This enzyme catalyzes the elimination of nitrous acid from nitrosuccinate synthesized from aspartate by CreE, a flavin-dependent monooxygenase. Nitrous acid generated by this pathway is an important precursor of the diazo group of cremeomycin. CreD is the first aspartase/fumarase superfamily enzyme that was reported to catalyze the elimination of nitrous acid, and therefore we aimed to analyze its reaction mechanism. The crystal structure of CreD was determined by the molecular replacement native-single anomalous diffraction method at 2.18 Å resolution. Subsequently, the CreD-fumarate complex structure was determined at 2.30 Å resolution by the soaking method. Similar to other aspartase/fumarase superfamily enzymes, the crystal structure of CreD was composed of three domains and formed a tetramer. Two molecules of fumarate were observed in one subunit of the CreD-fumarate complex. One of them was located in the active site pocket formed by three different subunits. Intriguingly, no histidine residue, which usually functions as a catalytic acid in aspartase/fumarase superfamily enzymes, was found around the fumarate molecule in the active site. Based on the mutational analysis, we propose a catalytic mechanism of CreD, in which Arg325 acts as a catalytic acid. DATABASES The crystal structures of CreD and the CreD-fumarate complex were deposited to PDB under the accession numbers 5XNY and 5XNZ, respectively. ENZYMES Nitrosuccinate lyase CreD, EC4.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Katsuyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Sato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sugai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Higashiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Soken-dai), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Takahama U, Hirota S. Possible Reactions of Dietary Phenolic Compounds with Salivary Nitrite and Thiocyanate in the Stomach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030053. [PMID: 28678174 PMCID: PMC5618081 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Foods are mixed with saliva in the oral cavity and swallowed. While staying in the stomach, saliva is contentiously provided to mix with the ingested foods. Because a salivary component of nitrite is protonated to produce active nitrous acid at acidic pH, the redox reactions of nitrous acid with phenolic compounds in foods become possible in the stomach. In the reactions, nitrous acid is reduced to nitric oxide (•NO), producing various products from phenolic compounds. In the products, stable hydroxybezoyl benzofuranone derivatives, which are produced from quercetin and its 7-O-glucoside, are included. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin are oxidized to quinones and the quinones can react with thiocyanic acid derived from saliva, producing stable oxathiolone derivatives. 6,8-Dinitrosocatechis are produced from catechins by the redox reaction, and the dinitrocatechins are oxidized further by nitrous acid producing the quinones, which can make charge transfer complexes with the dinitrosocatechin and can react with thiocyanic acid producing the stable thiocyanate conjugates. In this way, various products can be produced by the reactions of salivary nitrite with dietary phenolic compounds, and reactive and toxic quinones formed by the reactions are postulated to be removed in the stomach by thiocyanic acid derived from saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeo Takahama
- Department of Health and Nutrition Care, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Hirota
- Department of Health and Nutrition Care, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki 751-8503, Japan.
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29
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Mendez M, Amedro D, Blond N, Hauglustaine DA, Blondeau P, Afif C, Fittschen C, Schoemaecker C. Identification of the major HO x radical pathways in an indoor air environment. Indoor Air 2017; 27:434-442. [PMID: 27317507 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OH and HO2 profiles measured in a real environment have been compared to the results of the INCA-Indoor model to improve our understanding of indoor chemistry. Significant levels of both radicals have been measured and their profiles display similar diurnal behavior, reaching peak concentrations during direct sunlight (up to 1.6×106 and 4.0×107 cm-3 for OH and HO2 , respectively). Concentrations of O3 , NOx , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), HONO, and photolysis frequencies were constrained to the observed values. The HOx profiles are well simulated in terms of variation for both species (Pearson's coefficients: pOH =0.55, pHO2 =0.76) and concentration for OH (mean normalized bias error: MNBEOH =-30%), HO2 concentration being always underestimated (MNBEHO2 =-62%). Production and loss pathways analysis confirmed HONO photolysis role as an OH precursor (here up to 50% of the production rate). HO2 formation is linked to OH-initiated VOC oxidation. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying HONO, VOCs, and NO concentrations. OH, HO2 , and formaldehyde concentrations increase with HONO concentrations; OH and formaldehyde concentrations are weakly dependent on NO, whereas HO2 concentrations are strongly reduced with increasing NO. Increasing VOC concentrations decreases OH by consumption and enhances HO2 and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mendez
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement, LIVE UMR 7362 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, LaSIE UMR 7356 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - D Amedro
- PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion de l'Atmosphère, PC2A UMR 8522 CNRS, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - N Blond
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement, LIVE UMR 7362 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D A Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement, LIVE UMR 7362 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE UMR 8212, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Blondeau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement, LaSIE UMR 7356 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - C Afif
- Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, Unité Environnement, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Études Mathématiques, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA UMR 7583 CNRS, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Créteil, France
| | - C Fittschen
- PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion de l'Atmosphère, PC2A UMR 8522 CNRS, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - C Schoemaecker
- PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion de l'Atmosphère, PC2A UMR 8522 CNRS, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Mendez M, Blond N, Amedro D, Hauglustaine DA, Blondeau P, Afif C, Fittschen C, Schoemaecker C. Assessment of indoor HONO formation mechanisms based on in situ measurements and modeling. Indoor Air 2017; 27:443-451. [PMID: 27410050 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of HONO has been found to be the oxidation driver through OH formation in the indoor air measurement campaign SURFin, an extensive campaign carried out in July 2012 in a classroom in Marseille. In this study, the INCA-Indoor model is used to evaluate different HONO formation mechanisms that have been used previously in indoor air quality models. In order to avoid biases in the results due to the uncertainty in rate constants, those parameters were adjusted to fit one representative day of the SURFin campaign. Then, the mechanisms have been tested with the optimized parameters against other experiments carried out during the SURFin campaign. Based on the observations and these findings, we propose a new mechanism incorporating sorption of NO2 onto surfaces with possible saturation of these surfaces. This mechanism is able to better reproduce the experimental profiles over a large range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mendez
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement - LIVE UMR 7362 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - LaSIE, UMR 7356 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - N Blond
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement - LIVE UMR 7362 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Amedro
- CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - D A Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement - LIVE UMR 7362 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- UMR 8212, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement - LSCE, Gif sur, Yvette, France
| | - P Blondeau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - LaSIE, UMR 7356 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - C Afif
- Unité Environnement, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Études Mathématiques, Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques - LISA UMR 7583 CNRS, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Créteil, France
| | - C Fittschen
- CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Schoemaecker
- CNRS, UMR 8522, PC2A - Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université Lille, Lille, France
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Weber B, Wu D, Tamm A, Ruckteschler N, Rodríguez-Caballero E, Steinkamp J, Meusel H, Elbert W, Behrendt T, Sörgel M, Cheng Y, Crutzen PJ, Su H, Pöschl U. Biological soil crusts accelerate the nitrogen cycle through large NO and HONO emissions in drylands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15384-9. [PMID: 26621714 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515818112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species have a strong influence on atmospheric chemistry and climate, tightly coupling the Earth's nitrogen cycle with microbial activity in the biosphere. Their sources, however, are not well constrained, especially in dryland regions accounting for a major fraction of the global land surface. Here, we show that biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are emitters of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO). Largest fluxes are obtained by dark cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts, being ∼20 times higher than those of neighboring uncrusted soils. Based on laboratory, field, and satellite measurement data, we obtain a best estimate of ∼1.7 Tg per year for the global emission of reactive nitrogen from biocrusts (1.1 Tg a(-1) of NO-N and 0.6 Tg a(-1) of HONO-N), corresponding to ∼20% of global nitrogen oxide emissions from soils under natural vegetation. On continental scales, emissions are highest in Africa and South America and lowest in Europe. Our results suggest that dryland emissions of reactive nitrogen are largely driven by biocrusts rather than the underlying soil. They help to explain enigmatic discrepancies between measurement and modeling approaches of global reactive nitrogen emissions. As the emissions of biocrusts strongly depend on precipitation events, climate change affecting the distribution and frequency of precipitation may have a strong impact on terrestrial emissions of reactive nitrogen and related climate feedback effects. Because biocrusts also account for a large fraction of global terrestrial biological nitrogen fixation, their impacts should be further quantified and included in regional and global models of air chemistry, biogeochemistry, and climate.
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Hugo E, Reyes J, Montupil E, Bridi R, Lissi E, Denicola A, Rubio MA, López-Alarcón C. Kinetics of the Reaction of Pyrogallol Red, a Polyphenolic Dye, with Nitrous Acid: Role of NO and NO2. Molecules 2015; 20:10582-93. [PMID: 26060920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we studied the reaction under gastric conditions of pyrogallol red (PGR), a polyphenolic dye, with nitrous acid (HONO). PGR has been used as a model polyphenol due to its strong UV-visible absorption and its high reactivity towards reactive species (radicals and non-radicals, RS). The reaction was followed by UV-visible spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A clear decrease of the PGR absorbance at 465 nm was observed, evidencing an efficient bleaching of PGR by HONO. In the initial stages of the reaction, each HONO molecule nearly consumed 2.6 PGR molecules while, at long reaction times, ca. 7.0 dye molecules were consumed per each reacted HONO. This result is interpreted in terms of HONO recycling. During the PGR-HONO reaction, nitric oxide was generated in the micromolar range. In addition, the rate of PGR consumption induced by HONO was almost totally abated by argon bubbling, emphasising the role that critical volatile intermediates, such as •NO and/or nitrogen dioxide (•NO2), play in the bleaching of this phenolic compound.
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Donaldson MA, Bish DL, Raff JD. Soil surface acidity plays a determining role in the atmospheric-terrestrial exchange of nitrous acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18472-7. [PMID: 25512517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418545112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important hydroxyl (OH) radical source that is formed on both ground and aerosol surfaces in the well-mixed boundary layer. Recent studies report the release of HONO from nonacidic soils, although it is unclear how soil that is more basic than the pKa of HONO (∼ 3) is capable of protonating soil nitrite to serve as an atmospheric HONO source. Here, we used a coated-wall flow tube and chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) to study the pH dependence of HONO uptake onto agricultural soil and model substrates under atmospherically relevant conditions (1 atm and 30% relative humidity). Experiments measuring the evolution of HONO from pH-adjusted surfaces treated with nitrite and potentiometric titrations of the substrates show, to our knowledge for the first time, that surface acidity rather than bulk aqueous pH determines HONO uptake and desorption efficiency on soil, in a process controlled by amphoteric aluminum and iron (hydr)oxides present. The results have important implications for predicting when soil nitrite, whether microbially derived or atmospherically deposited, will act as a net source or sink of atmospheric HONO. This process represents an unrecognized mechanism of HONO release from soil that will contribute to HONO emissions throughout the day.
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Carvajal-Arroyo JM, Puyol D, Li G, Sierra-Álvarez R, Field JA. The role of pH on the resistance of resting- and active anammox bacteria to NO2- inhibition. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1949-56. [PMID: 24771200 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) uses nitrite as terminal electron acceptor. The nitrite can cause inhibition to the bacteria that catalyze the anammox reaction. The literature shows a great divergence on the levels of NO2 (-) causing inhibition. Moreover, the conditions influencing the resistance of anammox bacteria to NO2 (-) inhibitory effect are not well understood. This work investigated the effect of the pH and the concentration of nitrite on the activity and metabolism of anammox granular sludge under different physiological conditions. Batch activity tests in a range of pH values were carried out in which either actively metabolizing cells or resting cells were exposed to nitrite in the presence or absence of the electron donating substrate ammonium, respectively. The response of the bacteria was evaluated by analyzing the specific anammox activity, the accumulation of nitric oxide, and the evolution of the ATP content in the biomass. Additionally, the effect of the pH on the tolerance of the biomass to single substrate feeding interruptions was evaluated in continuous anammox bioreactors. The results show that the influence of the pH on the NO2 (-) inhibition of anammox bacteria is greater under non-metabolizing conditions than during active metabolism. The exposure of resting cells to NO2 (-) (100 mg N L(-1) ) at pH values below 7.2 caused complete inhibition of the anammox activity. The inhibition was accompanied by accumulation of the intermediate, nitric oxide, in the gas phase. In contrast, just mild inhibition was observed for resting cells exposed to the same NO2 (-) concentration at pH values higher than 7.5 or any of the pH values tested in assays with actively metabolizing cells. ATP initially increased and subsequently decreased in time after resting cells were exposed to NO2 (-) suggesting an active response of the cells to nitrite stress. Furthermore, bioreactors operated at pH lower than 6.8 had greater sensitivity to NO2 (-) during an ammonium feed interruption than a bioreactor operated at pH 7.1. The results suggest that the ability of resting cells to tolerate NO2 (-) inhibition is seriously impeded at mildly acidic pH values; whereas actively metabolizing biomass is resistant to NO2 (-) toxicity over a wide range of pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Carvajal-Arroyo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, Arizona.
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Jacquemin B, Kauffmann F, Pin I, Le Moual N, Bousquet J, Gormand F, Just J, Nadif R, Pison C, Vervloet D, Künzli N, Siroux V. Air pollution and asthma control in the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 66:796-802. [PMID: 21690606 PMCID: PMC3943770 DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.130229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between exposure to air pollution and asthma control are not well known. The objective of this study was to assess the association between long-term exposure to NO(2), O(3) and PM(10) and asthma control in the follow-up of the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA2) (2003-2007). METHODS Modelled outdoor NO(2), O(3) and PM(10) estimates were linked to each residential address using the 4 km grid air pollutant surface developed by the French Institute of Environment in 2004. Asthma control was assessed in 481 subjects with current asthma using a multidimensional approach following the 2006-2009 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Multinomial and ordinal logistic regressions were conducted adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, education, smoking and use of inhaled corticosteroids. The association between air pollution and the three domains of asthma control (symptoms, exacerbations and lung function) was assessed. ORs are reported per IQR. RESULTS Median concentrations (in micrograms per cubic metre) were 32 (IQR 25-38) for NO(2) (n=465), 46 (41-52) for O(3) and 21 (18-21) for PM(10) (n=481). In total, 44%, 29% and 27% had controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled asthma, respectively. The ordinal ORs for O(3) and PM(10) with asthma control were 1.69 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.34) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.64), respectively. When including both pollutants in the same model, both associations persisted. Associations were not modified by sex, smoking status, use of inhaled corticosteroids, atopy, season of examination or body mass index. Both pollutants were associated with each of the three main domains of control. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that long-term exposure to PM(10) and O(3) is associated with uncontrolled asthma in adults, defined by symptoms, exacerbations and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Jacquemin
- Epidémiologie respiratoire et environnementale, CESP/UMRS 1018 Inserm, UPS11, 16, avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Salem AA, Soliman AA, El-Haty IA. New spectrophotometric method for determining nitrogen dioxide in air using 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt and passive sampling. Anal Chem�Insights 2011; 6:37-44. [PMID: 21760708 PMCID: PMC3117622 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s6969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new simple and highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for determining nitrogen dioxide in air was developed. The method is based on converting atmospheric nitrogen dioxide to nitrite ions within the IVL passive samplers used for samples collection. Acidifying nitrite ions with concentrated HCl produced the peroxynitrous acid oxidizing agent which was measured using 2, 2-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt (ABTS) as reducing coloring agent. A parallel series of collected samples were measured for its nitrite content using a validated ion chromatographic method.The results obtained using both methods were compared in terms of their sensitivity and accuracy. Developed spectrophotometric method was shown to be one order of magnitude higher in sensitivity compared to the ion chromatographic method. Quantitation limits of 0.05 ppm and 0.55 μg/m(3) were obtained for nitrite ion and nitrogen dioxid, respectively. Standard deviations in the ranges of 0.05-0.59 and 0.63-7.92 with averages of 0.27 and 3.11 were obtained for determining nitrite and nitrogen dioxide, respectively.Student-t test revealed t-values less than 6.93 and 4.40 for nitrite ions and nitrogen dioxide, respectively. These values indicated insignificant difference between the averages of the newly developed method and the values obtained by ion chromatography at 95% confidence level.Compared to continuous monitoring techniques, the newly developed method has shown simple, accurate, sensitive, inexpensive and reliable for long term monitoring of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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