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Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TPC, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO. Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). 3 Biotech 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38585410 PMCID: PMC10997672 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have emerged as a significant source of natural products with remarkable bioactivities. Recent research has identified numerous antioxidant molecules among the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi. These organisms, whether unicellular or micro-multicellular, offer the potential for genetic manipulation to enhance the production of these valuable antioxidant compounds, which hold promise for promoting health, vitality, and various biotechnological applications. In this study, we provide a critical review of methods for extracting, purifying, characterizing, and estimating the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of endophytic fungi metabolites. While many endophytes produce metabolites similar to those found in plants with established symbiotic associations, we also highlight the existence of novel metabolites with potential scientific interest. Additionally, we discuss how advancements in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for exploring nanoformulations of endophytic metabolites in future studies, offering opportunities for diverse biological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Onyekachukwu Asomadu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
- Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B17 2TT UK
| | - Tobechukwu Christian Ezike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
| | - Jude Obiorah Uzoechina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, 410001 Nigeria
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Assaggaf H, Jeddi M, Mrabti HN, Ez-Zoubi A, Qasem A, Attar A, Goh BH, Tan SL, Bouyahya A, Goh KW, Hachlafi NE. Design of three-component essential oil extract mixture from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus with enhanced antioxidant activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9195. [PMID: 38649707 PMCID: PMC11035653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of novel antioxidant compounds with high efficacy and low toxicity is of utmost importance in the medicine and food industries. Moreover, with increasing concerns about the safety of synthetic components, scientists are beginning to search for natural sources of antioxidants, especially essential oils (EOs). The combination of EOs may produce a higher scavenging profile than a single oil due to better chemical diversity in the mixture. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to assess the antioxidant activity of three EOs extracted from Cymbopogon flexuosus, Carum carvi, and Acorus calamus in individual and combined forms using the augmented-simplex design methodology. The in vitro antioxidant assays were performed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging approaches. The results of the Chromatography Gas-Mass spectrometry (CG-MS) characterization showed that citral (29.62%) and niral (27.32%) are the main components for C. flexuosus, while D-carvone (62.09%) and D-limonene (29.58%) are the most dominant substances in C. carvi. By contrast, β-asarone (69.11%) was identified as the principal component of A. calamus (30.2%). The individual EO exhibits variable scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals. These effects were enhanced through the mixture of the three EOs. The optimal antioxidant formulation consisted of 20% C. flexuosus, 53% C. carvi, and 27% A. calamus for DPPHIC50. Whereas 17% C. flexuosus, 43% C. carvi, and 40% A. calamus is the best combination leading to the highest scavenging activity against ABTS radical. These findings suggest a new research avenue for EOs combinations to be developed as novel natural formulations useful in food and biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Jeddi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy and School of Engineering and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, 30000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amine Ez-Zoubi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d'Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Attar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Sang Loon Tan
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
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Veras BOD, Felix RF, Moura GMDM, Navarro DMDAF, Aguiar JCRDOFD, Wanderley AG, Silva MVD, Correia MTDS. Essential oil of Eugenia stictopetala Mart. ex DC. has antioxidant, antibacterial, and gastrointestinal protective effect. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38635349 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2342556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity, and intestinal and gastric protective effects, in addition to the acute toxicity of the essential oil of E. stictopetala (EOEs). (E)-caryophyllene (18.01%), β-pinene (8.84%), and (E)-nerolidol (8.24%), were the components found in higher content in the essential oil. The EOEs showed antioxidant capacity with IC50 values ranging from 220.28 to 283.67 μg/mL, in addition to presenting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. The essential oil showed a gastroprotective effect, with a reduction in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, having multiple pharmacological mechanisms of action. An antidiarrheal effect of EOEs was observed in the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, with reduced intestinal motility. Our findings demonstrate that essential oil can be beneficial in pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications for treating gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Oliveira de Veras
- Post-graduation in Biotechnology - RENORBIO, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rianne Ferreira Felix
- Post-graduation in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Maria de Medeiros Moura
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory Chemistry and Function of Bioactive Proteins, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Schmidt J, Juhasz K, Bona A. Exploring the Chemical Profile, In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Santolina rosmarinifolia Extracts. Molecules 2024; 29:1515. [PMID: 38611794 PMCID: PMC11013006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous and 60% ethanolic (EtOH) extracts of Santolina rosmarinifolia leaf, flower, and root were examined. The antioxidant activity of S. rosmarinifolia extracts was determined by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts was monitored by the Griess assay. The chemical composition of S. rosmarinifolia extracts was analysed using the LC-MS technique. According to our findings, 60% EtOH leaf extracts showed the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values in both ABTS (8.39 ± 0.43 µM) and DPPH (6.71 ± 0.03 µM) antioxidant activity assays. The TPC values of the samples were in good correspondence with the antioxidant activity measurements and showed the highest gallic acid equivalent value (130.17 ± 0.01 µg/mL) in 60% EtOH leaf extracts. In addition, the 60% EtOH extracts of the leaves were revealed to possess the highest anti-inflammatory effect. The LC-MS analysis of S. rosmarinifolia extracts proved the presence of ascorbic acid, catalpol, chrysin, epigallocatechin, geraniol, isoquercitrin, and theanine, among others, for the first time. However, additional studies are needed to investigate the direct relationship between the chemical composition and physiological effects of the herb. The 60% EtOH extracts of S. rosmarinifolia leaves are potential new sources of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory molecules in the production of novel nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnes Bona
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.S.); (K.J.)
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Huynh TTH, Wongmaneepratip W, Vangnai K. Relationship between Flavonoid Chemical Structures and Their Antioxidant Capacity in Preventing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation in Heated Meat Model System. Foods 2024; 13:1002. [PMID: 38611308 PMCID: PMC11011254 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the chemical structures of six flavonoids and their abilities to inhibit the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a heated meat model system was investigated. The PAH8 forming in samples was analyzed by using QuEChERS coupled GC-MS. Inhibitory effects of PAHs were myricetin (72.1%) > morin (55.7%) > quercetin (57.3%) > kaempferol (49.9%) > rutin (32.7%) > taxifolin (30.2%). The antioxidant activities of these flavonoids, assessed through (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), [2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] free radical scavenging activity assay (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) assays, exhibited a significant negative correlation with PAH reduction. Notably, myricetin that contained three hydroxyl groups on the B-ring, along with a 2,3-double bond in conjugation with a 4-keto moiety on the C-ring, demonstrated strong antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging abilities, which significantly contributed to their ability to inhibit PAH formation. However, rutin and taxifolin, substituted at the C-3 position of the C-ring, decreased the PAH inhibitory activity. The ABTS assay proved the most effective in demonstrating the correlation between flavonoid antioxidant properties and their capacity to inhibit PAH formation in heated meat model systems. Thus, the inhibition of PAHs can be achieved by dietary flavonoids according to their chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Huynh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Wanwisa Wongmaneepratip
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand;
| | - Kanithaporn Vangnai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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Zhang Y, Cheng W, Di H, Yang S, Tian Y, Tong Y, Huang H, Escalona VH, Tang Y, Li H, Zhang F, Sun B, Huang Z. Variation in Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Cultivars and Organs of Basella alba. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:892. [PMID: 38592915 PMCID: PMC10974134 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Basella alba is a frequently consumed leafy vegetable. However, research on its nutritional components is limited. This study aimed to explore the variation in the nutritional components and antioxidant capacity of different cultivars and organs of Basella alba. Here, we primarily chose classical spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to characterize the variation in nutritional components and antioxidant capacity among different organs (inflorescences, green fruits, black fruits, leaves, and stems) of eight typical cultivars of Basella alba. The determination indices (and methods) included the total soluble sugar (anthrone colorimetry), total soluble protein (the Bradford method), total chlorophyll (the ethanol-extracting method), total carotenoids (the ethanol-extracting method), total ascorbic acid (the HPLC method), total proanthocyanidins (the p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method), total flavonoids (AlCl3 colorimetry), total phenolics (the Folin method), and antioxidant capacity (the FRAP and ABTS methods). The results indicated that M5 and M6 exhibited advantages in their nutrient contents and antioxidant capacities. Additionally, the inflorescences demonstrated the highest total ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents, while the green and black fruits exhibited relatively high levels of total proanthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity. In a comparison between the green and black fruits, the green fruits showed higher levels of total chlorophyll (0.77-1.85 mg g-1 DW), total proanthocyanidins (0.62-2.34 mg g-1 DW), total phenolics (15.28-27.35 mg g-1 DW), and ABTS (43.39-59.16%), while the black fruits exhibited higher levels of total soluble protein (65.45-89.48 mg g-1 DW) and total soluble sugar (56.40-207.62 mg g-1 DW) in most cultivars. Chlorophyll, carotenoids, and flavonoids were predominantly found in the leaves of most cultivars, whereas the total soluble sugar contents were highest in the stems of most cultivars. Overall, our findings underscore the significant influence of the cultivars on the nutritional composition of Basella alba. Moreover, we observed notable variations in the nutrient contents among the different organs of the eight cultivars, and proanthocyanidins may contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of the fruits. On the whole, this study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic breeding of Basella alba and dietary nutrition and serves as a reference for the comprehensive utilization of this vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China;
- The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongmei Di
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Shihan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yuxiao Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yuantao Tong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Victor Hugo Escalona
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Metropolitan Region, Chile;
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
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Kashchenko NI, Olennikov DN, Chirikova NK. Chemodiversity of Arctic Plant Dryas oxyodonta: LC-MS Profile and Antioxidant Activity. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:868. [PMID: 38592901 PMCID: PMC10975042 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Dryas oxyodonta Yuz. is a perennial evergreen shrub from the Rosaceae family. D. oxyodonta thrives in subalpine and subarctic regions, as well as in highlands spanning from Central Asia to Siberia and Mongolia. Owing to a lack of information on its chemical composition, we conducted qualitative and quantitative chromatographic analyses on extracts from the leaves and flowers of D. oxyodonta sourced from various Siberian habitats. Employing high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection and electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometric detection, we identified 40 compounds, encompassing gallotannins, hydroxycinnamates, procyanidins, catechins, flavonoids, and triterpenes. All Siberian populations of D. oxyodonta exhibited a notable abundance of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, we identified rare glycosides, such as sexangularetin and corniculatusin, as potential markers of the chemodiversity within the Dryas genus. Extracts from the flowers and leaves were effective scavengers of free radicals, including DPPH•, ABTS•+-, O2•-, and •OH radicals. Our findings unequivocally establish D. oxyodonta as a rich source of phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential utility in developing novel functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I. Kashchenko
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh’yanovoy Street, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia;
| | - Daniil N. Olennikov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 6 Sakh’yanovoy Street, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda K. Chirikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia;
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Egu SA, Ali I, Khan KM, Chigurupati S, Qureshi U, Salar U, Ul-Haq Z, Almahmoud SA, Felemban SG, Ali M, Taha M. Rhodanine-benzamides as potential hits for α-amylase enzyme inhibitors and radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavengers. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10813-z. [PMID: 38446373 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of 3-substituted and 3,5-disubstituted rhodanine-based derivatives were synthesized from 3-aminorhodanine and examined for α-amylase inhibitory, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities in vitro. These derivatives displayed significant α-amylase inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 11.01-56.04 µM in comparison to standard acarbose (IC50 = 9.08 ± 0.07 µM). Especially, compounds 7 (IC50 = 11.01 ± 0.07 µM) and 8 (IC50 = 12.01 ± 0.07 µM) showed highest α-amylase inhibitory activities among the whole series. In addition to α-amylase inhibitory activity, all compounds also demonstrated significant scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, with IC50 values ranging from 12.24 to 57.33 and 13.29-59.09 µM, respectively, as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 15.08 ± 0.03 µM for DPPH; IC50 = 16.09 ± 0.17 µM for ABTS). These findings reveal that the nature and position of the substituents on the phenyl ring(s) are crucial for variation in the activities. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the compounds bearing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) at para substitution possessed the highest activity. In kinetic studies, only the km value was changed, with no observed changes in Vmax, indicating a competitive inhibition. Molecular docking studies revealed important interactions between compounds and the α-amylase active pocket. Further advanced research needs to perform on the identified compounds in order to obtain potential antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Attah Egu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ali
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations [IRMC], Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Pakistan Academy of Science, 3-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Urooj Qureshi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations [IRMC], Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Rostom B, Goya-Jorge E, Muro LV, Boubrik I, Wiorek S, Karaky R, Kassab I, Rodríguez MEJ, Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía M. Fishing antioxidant 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro assessments. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38447123 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coumarins represent a diverse class of natural compounds whose importance in pharmaceutical and agri-food sectors has motivated multiple novel synthetic derivatives with broad applicability. The phenolic moiety in 4-hydroxycoumarins underscores their potential to modulate the equilibrium between free radicals and antioxidant species within biological systems. The aim of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of 18 4-hydroxycoumarin coumarin derivatives, six of which are commercially available and the other 12 were synthesized and chemically characterized and described herein. The 4-hydroxycoumarins were prepared by a two steps synthetic strategy with satisfactory yields. Their antioxidant potential was evaluated through three in vitro methods, two free radical-scavenging assays (DPPH• and ABTS•+) and a metal chelating activity assay. Six synthetic coumarins (4a, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4k, 4l) had a scavenging capacity of DPPH• higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 0.58 mmol/L) and compound 4a (4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2 H-chromen-2-one) with an IC50 = 0.05 mmol/L outperformed both BHT and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.06 mmol/L). Nine hydroxycoumarins had a scavenging capacity against ABTS•+ greater (C3, 4a, 4c) or comparable (C1, C2, C4, C6, 4g, 4l) to Trolox (IC50 = 34.34 µmol/L). Meanwhile, the set had a modest ferrous chelation capacity, but most of them (C2, C5, C6, 4a, 4b, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l) reached up to more than 20% chelating ability percentage. Collectively, this research work provides valuable structural insights that may determine the scavenging and metal chelating activity of 4-hydroxycoumarins. Notably, substitutions at the C6 position appeared to enhance scavenging potential, while the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups showed promise in augmenting chelation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Rostom
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), HESAM Université, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de valorisation des ressources naturelles et des produits de santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Rafik Hariri, Hadat, Liban
| | - Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara 54830, Cuba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Liliana Vicet Muro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara 54830, Cuba
| | - Imrane Boubrik
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Wiorek
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), HESAM Université, Paris, France
| | - Racha Karaky
- Laboratoire de valorisation des ressources naturelles et des produits de santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Rafik Hariri, Hadat, Liban
| | - Issam Kassab
- Laboratoire de valorisation des ressources naturelles et des produits de santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Rafik Hariri, Hadat, Liban
| | - María Elisa Jorge Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara 54830, Cuba
| | - Maité Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía
- Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), HESAM Université, Paris, France
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González Montiel L, León-López A, García-Ceja A, Franco-Fernández MJ, Pérez-Soto E, Cenobio-Galindo ADJ, Campos-Montiel RG, Aguirre-Álvarez G. Stability, Content of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Emulsions with Propolis Extracts during Simulated In Vitro Digestion. Foods 2024; 13:779. [PMID: 38472892 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective in this work was the evaluation of the stability and content of bioactive compounds (total phenols and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of emulsions of ethanolic extracts of propolis obtained by ultrasound, during simulated in vitro digestion. The emulsions prepared with propolis extracts were evaluated on certain properties: their emulsion efficiency, stability (zeta potential, particle size, electrical conductivity), content of bioactive compound (total phenolics and total flavonoids), antioxidant activity and their behavior during simulated in vitro digestion. Based on the total phenol content, an emulsification efficiency of 87.8 ± 1.9% to 97.8 ± 3.8% was obtained. The particle size of the emulsions was 322.5 ± 15.33 nm to 463.9 ± 33.65 nm, with a zeta potential of -31.5 ± 0.66 mV to -28.2 ± 1.0 mV and electrical conductivity of 22.7 ± 1.96 µS/cm to 30.6 ± 0.91 µS/cm. These results indicate good emulsion stability. During simulated in vitro digestion, the content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity were affected during 77 days of storage at 4 °C. It was concluded that the emulsion process fulfills the function of protecting the bioactive compounds and therefore their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio González Montiel
- Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Arely León-López
- TecNM Campus Venustiano Carranza, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Col. el Huasteco, Ciudad Lázaro Cárdenas, Puebla 73049, Mexico
| | - Adelfo García-Ceja
- TecNM Campus Venustiano Carranza, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Col. el Huasteco, Ciudad Lázaro Cárdenas, Puebla 73049, Mexico
| | - Melitón Jesús Franco-Fernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Pérez-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Antonio de Jesús Cenobio-Galindo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Rafael G Campos-Montiel
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Aguirre-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Jiao F, Cui X, Gong X, Jiang G, Wang J, Meng L. The effects of ultrasonic processing on the antioxidant activity of Geotrichum candidum LG-8 and its cell wall extracts. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1334956. [PMID: 38450237 PMCID: PMC10915238 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1334956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extraction techniques that influence cell wall polysaccharides (EPS) is crucial for maximizing their bioactivity. This study evaluates ultrasound technology for extracting antioxidant polysaccharides from Geotrichum candidum LG-8, assessing its impacton antioxidant activity. Methods Ultrasound extraction of EPS from G. candidum LG-8 was optimized (18 min, pH 7.0, 40 W/cm2, 0.75 M NaCl). ABTS scavenging efficiency and monosaccharide composition of LG-EPS1 and LG-EPS3 were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The Results showed that ultrasonic treatment markedly increased the ABTS radical scavenging efficiency of LG-8 cells by 47%. At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the ultrasonically extracted LG-EPS1 and LG-EPS3 polysaccharides exhibited significant ABTS radical scavenging efficiencies of 26% and 51%, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis identified mannose and glucose in LG-EPS1, while LG-EPS3 was primarily composed of mannose. FTIR spectra verified the polysaccharides' presence, and SEM provided visual confirmation of the nanoparticle structures characteristic of LG-EPS1 and LG-EPS3. Discussion This research not only underscores the technological merits of ultrasound in polysaccharide extraction but also highlights the potential of G. candidum LG-8 derived polysaccharides as valuable bioactive compounds for antioxidant utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Jiao
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianping Cui
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodi Gong
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guozheng Jiang
- Yantai Hengyuan Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jinbiao Wang
- Yantai Hengyuan Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Meng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Li Y, Xiao J, Dong H, Li L, Dong J, Huang D. Enhanced chalcopyrite-catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of diclofenac by ABTS. J Hazard Mater 2024; 463:132908. [PMID: 37924703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The widely used 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) has gained growing attention in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), whereas there was limited knowledge regarding the feasibility of ABTS in enhancing heterogeneous Fenton oxidation so far. Hereof, ABTS was introduced into the chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)- catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process to degrade diclofenac (DCF), and the degradation efficiency was enhanced by 25.5% compared with CuFeS2/H2O2 process. The available reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the enhanced mechanism were elaborated. Experimental results uncovered that •OH was the dominant reactive species responsible for the DCF degradation in the CuFeS2/H2O2/ABTS process, and ABTS•+ was derived from both •OH and Fe(IV). The presence of ABTS contributed significantly to the redox cycle of surface Fe of CuFeS2, and the roles of reductive sulfur species and surface Cu(I) in promoting surface Fe cycling also could not be neglected. In addition, the effects of several influencing factors were considered, and the potential practicability of this oxidation process was examined. The results demonstrate that the CuFeS2/H2O2/ABTS process would be a promising approach for water purification. This study will contribute to the development of enhancing strategies using ABTS as a redox mediator for heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Daofen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Xu J, Zou J, Wu J, Zeng H, Huang Y, Yang J, Gong C, Chen S, Ma J. Enhanced chlorination of diclofenac using ABTS as electron shuttle: Performance, mechanism and applicability. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:168117. [PMID: 37890637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination, one of the most common oxidation strategies, performed limited degradation capacity towards many emerging organic contaminants under neutral pH conditions. In this study, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS) was discovered to possess an outstanding activation property towards free available chlorine (FAC) during the chlorination of diclofenac (DCF) among pH 6.0-9.5. ABTS radical (ABTS•+) primarily accounted for the elimination of DCF in the ABTS/FAC system, although hydroxyl radicals, reactive chlorine species, and singlet oxygen were also generated via the self-decomposition of FAC. ABTS acted as the electron shuttle to degrade DCF in the ABTS/FAC system, where ABTS was firstly oxidized by FAC to ABTS•+ via single electron transfer, and followed by the elimination of DCF with the generated ABTS•+. Eight DCF degradation intermediates were identified by LC/Q-TOF/MS, and four DCF degradation pathways were proposed. Real water bodies, humic acid, and the coexistent anions of Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, and SO42- performed negligible influence on DCF removal in ABTS/FAC system. ABTS/FAC system was much superior to sole chlorination in terms of toxicity reduction and anti-interference capacity. Overall, this study innovatively introduced ABTS as the electron shuttle to enhance the oxidative capacity of FAC under neutral pH conditions and provided a new insight that the ABTS-like organic/synthetic components might play an important role in degrading emerging organic contaminants by chlorination in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Jianying Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jingxin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunming Gong
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
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Mfengwana PMAH. Phytochemical constituents, ferric reducing and radical scavenging activities of helichrysm caespititium. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38194283 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2301486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Helichrysm caespititium is used for the treatment of viral infections and respiratory ailments. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and antioxidants (using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP) of H. caespititium water and methanol extracts. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, glycosides etc. Whilst the alkaloids were absent. Quantitative analysis of total phenols using both methanol and water extracts yielded high values of (839,1 and 531) GA/mg indicating rich phytochemical constituents from this plant. Whilst flavonoids from methanol and water extracts yielded (324 and 58) mg GA/mg, respectively. Results obtained from FRAP water and methanol extracts were 20,42% and 2,36% respectively; DPPH water and methanol extracts results were 92,62% and 80,56% respectively; and ABTS water and methanol extracts were 93,64% and 97,68%, respectively. These findings support the potential of H. caespititium as the potential source for the development of antioxidant-based therapies and health-promoting products.
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Jantra J, Arsawiset S, Teepoo S, Keeratirawee K. Rapid colorimetric assay based on the oxidation of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid-diammonium salt for nitrite detection in meat products. J Environ Sci Health B 2024; 59:72-80. [PMID: 38146233 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2297639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
This work developed a rapid colorimetric method for nitrite detection in meat products. The detection was based on the reaction of nitrite with 60 mM HCl to produce radicals which further oxidized ABTS (50 µM) to form a water-soluble blue-green product (ABTS•+). The absorbance was measured at a maximum absorption wavelength of 412.5 nm. Parameters such as concentration of HCl, concentration of ABTS and reaction time were evaluated. The absorbance was linearly proportional to the concentration of nitrite (0.1-20 µM) with the limit of detection of 0.34 µM. The proposed method was a time-saving assay since it required only 2 min to complete one measurement. There was no effect of the interference produced by other ions. The assay was robust with 2.5%RSD (n = 50). In meat product samples, high accuracy was observed with the recoveries between 100 ± 2.2% and 105 ± 3.7%. The amount of nitrite in meat products detected by the ABTS method was found in the range of 5.41 - 7.62 mg/kg. The conventional Griess method was applied to determine nitrite in the same meat products. There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongjit Jantra
- King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathio, Chumphon, Thailand
| | - Supattra Arsawiset
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Teepoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kanchalar Keeratirawee
- King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathio, Chumphon, Thailand
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Litewski S, Mróz M, Bartoszek A, Kusznierewicz B. Post-Chromatographic Derivatization Coupled with Mass Spectrometry as a Method of Profiling and Identification of Antioxidants; Ligustrum vulgare Phytocomplex as an Example. Molecules 2023; 28:8000. [PMID: 38138490 PMCID: PMC10745792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with radical scavenging assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) can be both used for the detection of the antioxidants in plant extracts. In this study, the ethanolic (70% v/v) extracts from different morphological parts of Ligustrum vulgare collected at different stages of maturity were used as the source of antioxidants. The final identification of antioxidants was performed using high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). As a result, 19 compounds with antioxidant properties detected with HPLC-ABTS assay and 10 compounds detected with HPTLC-DPPH/ABTS assay were identified, mostly from the group of iridoids, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids. When comparing different L. vulgare samples, it was found that the extracts obtained from leaves contained the greatest number of antioxidants. The results of this study suggest that HPTLC-DPPH/ABTS as well as HPLC-ABTS derivatization coupled with the HRMS can be successfully used for profiling and identification of antioxidants from natural sources. Planar chromatography is more suitable for screening multiple samples because of its simplicity, whereas more challenging liquid chromatography provides more detailed information and is therefore better for a selected set of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (S.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (S.L.); (M.M.)
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Picerno P, Crascì L, Iannece P, Esposito T, Franceschelli S, Pecoraro M, Giannone V, Panico AM, Aquino RP, Lauro MR. A Green Bioactive By-Product Almond Skin Functional Extract for Developing Nutraceutical Formulations with Potential Antimetabolic Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:7913. [PMID: 38067642 PMCID: PMC10708410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: almond peels are rich in polyphenols such as catechin and epicatechin, which are important anti-free-radical agents, anti-inflammatory compounds, and capable of breaking down cholesterol plaques. This work aims to evaluate the biological and technological activity of a "green" dry aqueous extract from Sicilian almond peels, a waste product of the food industry, and to develop healthy nutraceuticals with natural ingredients. Eudraguard® Natural is a natural coating polymer chosen to develop atomized formulations that improve the technological properties of the extract. (2) Methods: the antioxidant and free radical scavenger activity of the extract was rated using different methods (DPPH assay, ABTS, ORAC, NO). The metalloproteinases of the extracts (MMP-2 and MMP-9), the enhanced inhibition of the final glycation products, and the effects of the compounds on cell viability were also tested. All pure materials and formulations were characterized using UV, HPLC, FTIR, DSC, and SEM methods. (3) Results: almond peel extract showed appreciable antioxidant and free radical activity with a stronger NO inhibition effect, strong activity on MMP-2, and good antiglycative effects. In light of this, a food supplement with added health value was formulated. Eudraguard® Natural acted as a swelling substrate by improving extract solubility and dissolution/release (4) Conclusions: almond peel extract has significant antioxidant activity and MMP/AGE inhibition effects, resulting in an optimal candidate to formulate safe microsystems with potential antimetabolic activity. Eudraguard® Natural is capable of obtaining spray-dried microsystems with an improvement in the extract's biological and technological characteristics. It also protects the dry extract from degradation and oxidation, prolonging the shelf life of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Picerno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.P.); (T.E.); (S.F.); (M.P.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Lucia Crascì
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.C.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84100 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.P.); (T.E.); (S.F.); (M.P.); (R.P.A.)
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvia Franceschelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.P.); (T.E.); (S.F.); (M.P.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Michela Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.P.); (T.E.); (S.F.); (M.P.); (R.P.A.)
| | - Virgilio Giannone
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Panico
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy; (L.C.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.P.); (T.E.); (S.F.); (M.P.); (R.P.A.)
- Unesco Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (P.P.); (T.E.); (S.F.); (M.P.); (R.P.A.)
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Frąckowiak-Wojtasek B, Gąsowska-Bajger B, Tarasek D, Mytnik M, Wojtasek H. Oxidation of anti-thyroid drugs and their selenium analogs by ABTS radical cation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106891. [PMID: 37788560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase was previously used as a model enzyme to test the inhibitory activity of selenium analogs of anti-thyroid drugs with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as a substrate. Peroxidases oxidize ABTS to a metastable radical ABTS•+, which is readily reduced by many antioxidants, including thiol-containing compounds, and it has been used for decades to measure antioxidant activity in biological samples. We showed that anti-thyroid drugs 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil, methimazole, and selenium analogs of methimazole also reduced it rapidly. This reaction may explain the anti-thyroid action of many other compounds, particularly natural antioxidants, which may reduce the oxidized form of iodine and/or tyrosyl radicals generated by thyroid peroxidase thus decreasing the production of thyroid hormones. However, influence of selenium analogs of methimazole on the rate of hydrogen peroxide consumption during oxidation of ABTS by lactoperoxidase was moderate. Direct hydrogen peroxide reduction, proposed before as their mechanism of action, cannot therefore account for the observed inhibitory effects. 1-Methylimidazole-2-selone and its diselenide were oxidized by ABTS•+ to relatively stable seleninic acid, which decomposed slowly to selenite and 1-methylimidazole. In contrast, oxidation of 1,3-dimethylimidazole-2-selone gave selenite and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium cation. Accumulation of the corresponding seleninic acid was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damian Tarasek
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Martyna Mytnik
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Hubert Wojtasek
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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19
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Huang Y, Zou J, Lin J, Yang H, Wang M, Li J, Cao W, Yuan B, Ma J. ABTS as Both Activator and Electron Shuttle to Activate Persulfate for Diclofenac Degradation: Formation and Contributions of ABTS •+, SO 4•-, and •OH. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:18420-18432. [PMID: 36260114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) by organic compounds has attracted increasing attention. However, some inherent drawbacks including quick activator decomposition and poor anti-interference capacity limited the application of organic compound-activated PDS. It was interestingly found that 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) could act as both activator and electron shuttle for PDS activation to enhance diclofenac (DCF) degradation over a pH range of 2.0-11.0. Multiple reactive species of ABTS•+, •OH, and SO4•- were generated in the PDS/ABTS system, while only ABTS•+ and •OH directly contributed to DCF degradation. ABTS•+, generated via the reactions of ABTS with PDS, SO4•-, and •OH, was the dominant reactive species of DCF degradation. No significant decomposition of ABTS was observed in the PDS/ABTS system, and ABTS acted as both activator and electron shuttle. Four possible degradation pathways of DCF were proposed, and the toxicity of DCF decreased after treatment with the PDS/ABTS system. The PDS/ABTS system had good anti-interference capacity to common natural water constituents. Additionally, ABTS was encapsulated into cellulose to obtain ABTS@Ce beads, and the PDS/ABTS@Ce system possessed excellent performance on DCF degradation. This study proposes a new perspective to reconsider the mechanism of activating PDS with organic compounds and highlights the considerable contribution of organic radicals on contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150090, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun130118, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150090, P.R. China
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20
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Bin Jardan YA, Ahad A, Raish M, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Microwave-Assisted Formation of Ternary Inclusion Complex of Pterostilbene. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1641. [PMID: 38139768 PMCID: PMC10747933 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTS) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin. PTS displays limited water solubility, which consequently results in its diminished oral bioavailability. Therefore, a ternary inclusion complex (TIC) of PTS with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) in the presence of ternary substance Pluronic® F-127 (PLF) was prepared using microwave technology. The PTS-TIC was characterized by dissolution performance. Further, the prepared TIC was characterized by DSC, FTIR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of PTS and PTS-TIC was also evaluated. Phase-solubility studies revealed that PTS's solubility in water was increased by 6.72 times when βCD/PLF was present. In comparison with PTS, prepared PTS-TIC produced a considerable improvement in PTS release. After 1 h, 74.03 ± 4.47% of PTS was released from PTS-TIC. Outcomes of DSC, FTIR, NMR, XRD, and SEM analysis revealed that the PTS was enclosed in the βCD cavity. In terms of antioxidant properties, the PTS-TIC formulation demonstrated superior activity compared to PTS, possibly attributed to the improved solubility of PTS resulting from the formation of TIC using microwave technology. It was concluded that microwave technology proved to be an extremely beneficial means of interacting PTS with βCD. In addition to increasing the solubility of PTS, the findings are also expected to improve its bioavailability by increasing its solubility. As a result, this study could provide insight into potential methods for enhancing the solubility of polyphenolic substances like PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Toneva M, Tzanova M, Marutsova V, Grozeva N. Menadione Contribution to the In Vitro Radical Scavenging Potential of Phytochemicals Naringenin and Lignin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16268. [PMID: 38003457 PMCID: PMC10671743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K3 (menadione), classified as a pro-vitamin, is a synthetic form of the fat-soluble family of vitamin K compounds. The combination of the vitamin with other molecules sharing structural and/or functional similarities, such as naturally occurring polyphenols, vitamins, or biopolymers, could potentiate mutual improvement of their antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role and contribution of vitamin K3 to the in vitro radical scavenging capacity of double and triple combinations with the phytochemicals naringenin and lignin, as well as assess possible intermolecular interactions between the bioactive compounds. Comparative analyses of the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the pure substances vitamin K3, naringenin, and lignin; the two-component systems lignin/vitamin K3 and vitamin K3/naringenin; and the triple combination vitamin K3/flavonoid/lignin were carried out. The experimental results demonstrated increased DPPH and ABTS activities of the vitamin in combination with lignin compared to those of the two pure substances, i.e., a synergistic effect was observed. The registered significant increases in the radical scavenging activity of the triple combination determined via both methods are indicative of a remarkable potentiation effect, i.e., higher antioxidant potential exceeding the additive activity of the three pure substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Monika Toneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Milena Tzanova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (M.T.); (N.G.)
| | - Vanya Marutsova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Neli Grozeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (M.T.); (N.G.)
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22
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Anghinoni JM, Birmann PT, da Rocha MJ, Gomes CS, Davies MJ, Brüning CA, Savegnago L, Lenardão EJ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Low Molecular Mass Organoselenium Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:7349. [PMID: 37959771 PMCID: PMC10649092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in living organisms, and is present in selenoenzymes with antioxidant activity, like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The search for small selenium-containing molecules that mimic selenoenzymes is a strong field of research in organic and medicinal chemistry. In this review, we review the synthesis and bioassays of new and known organoselenium compounds with antioxidant activity, covering the last five years. A detailed description of the synthetic procedures and the performed in vitro and in vivo bioassays is presented, highlighting the most active compounds in each series.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Anghinoni
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Paloma T. Birmann
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Marcia J. da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Caroline S. Gomes
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Building 12.6, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - César A. Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (J.M.A.); (C.S.G.)
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23
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Mora-Gamboa MPC, Ferrucho-Calle MC, Ardila-Leal LD, Rojas-Ojeda LM, Galindo JF, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. Statistical Improvement of rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B Laccases Activity Assay Conditions Supported by Molecular Dynamics. Molecules 2023; 28:7263. [PMID: 37959683 PMCID: PMC10648076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are glycoproteins widely distributed in nature. Their structural conformation includes three copper sites in their catalytic center, which are responsible for facilitating substrate oxidation, leading to the generation of H2O instead of H2O2. The measurement of laccase activity (UL-1) results may vary depending on the type of laccase, buffer, redox mediators, and substrates employed. The aim was to select the best conditions for rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B laccases activity assay. After sequential statistical assays, the molecular dynamics proved to support this process, and we aimed to accumulate valuable insights into the potential application of these enzymes for the degradation of novel substrates with negative environmental implications. Citrate buffer treatment T2 (CB T2) (pH 3.0 ± 0.2; λ420nm, 2 mM ABTS) had the most favorable results, with 7.315 ± 0.131 UL-1 for rGILCC 1 and 5291.665 ± 45.83 UL-1 for rPOXA 1B. The use of citrate buffer increased the enzyme affinity for ABTS since lower Km values occurred for both enzymes (1.49 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 3.72 × 10-2 mM for rPOXA 1B) compared to those obtained in acetate buffer (5.36 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 1.72 mM for rPOXA 1B). The molecular dynamics of GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS showed stable behavior, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values not exceeding 2.0 Å. Enzyme activities (rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B) and 3D model-ABTS interactions (GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS) were under the strong influence of pH, wavelength, ions, and ABTS concentration, supported by computational studies identifying the stabilizing residues and interactions. Integration of the experimental and computational approaches yielded a comprehensive understanding of enzyme-substrate interactions, offering potential applications in environmental substrate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P. C. Mora-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - María C. Ferrucho-Calle
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Leidy D. Ardila-Leal
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación en Asuntos Ambientales y Desarrollo Sostenible (MINDALA), Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Ambiente, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocaña 546552, Colombia
| | - Lina M. Rojas-Ojeda
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Johan F. Galindo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Balkys E. Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
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Silva MA, Nascimento Júnior JCD, Thomaz DV, Maia RT, Costa Amador V, Tommaso G, Coelho GD. Comparative homology of Pleurotus ostreatus laccase enzyme: Swiss model or Modeller? J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8927-8940. [PMID: 36310115 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2138975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Laccases stand out in the industrial context due to their versatile biotechnological applications. Although these enzymes are frequently investigated, currently, Pleurotus ostreatus laccase structural model is unknown. Therefore, this research aims to predict and validate a P. ostreatus laccase theoretical model by means of comparative homology. The laccase target's primary structure (AOM73725.1) was obtained from the NCBI database, the model was predicted from homologous structures obtained from the PDB (PDB-ID: 5A7E, 2HRG, 4JHU, 1GYC) using the Swiss-Model and Modeller, and was refined in GalaxyRefine. The models were validated using PROCHECK, VERIFY 3D, ERRAT, PROVE and QMEAN Z-score servers. Moreover, molecular docking between the laccase model (Lacc4MN) and ABTS was performed on AutoDock Vina. The models that were generated by the Modeller showed superior stereochemical and structural characteristics to those predicted by the Swiss Model. The refinement made it difficult to stabilize the copper atoms which are typical of laccases. The Lacc4MN model showed the interactions between the amino acids in the active site of the laccase and the copper atoms, thereby hinting the stabilization of the metal through electrostatic interactions with histidine and cysteine. The molecular docking between Lacc4MN and ABTS showed negative free energy and the formation of two hydrogen bonds involving the amino acids ASP 208 and GLY 268, and a Pi-sulfur bond between residue HIS 458 and ABTS, which demonstrates the typical catalytic functionality of laccases. Furthermore, the theoretical model Lacc4MN presented stereochemical and structural characteristics that allow its use in silico tests.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cordeiro do Nascimento Júnior
- Center for Water Resources and Environmental Studies, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rafael Trindade Maia
- Academic Unit of Rural Education; Center for Sustainable Development of the Semi-Arid, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Costa Amador
- Bioscience Center, Genetics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Giovana Tommaso
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glauciane Danusa Coelho
- Academic Unit of Biotechnology Engineering; Center for Sustainable Development of the Semi-Arid, Federal University of Campina Grande, Sumé, Paraiba, Brazil
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Pradhan VV, Ramachandra R, Stammen J, Kracht C, Moorhouse K, Bolte JH, Kang YS. Biofidelity assessment of the GHBMC M50-O in a rear-facing seat configuration during high-speed frontal impact. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37680130 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2239417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the biofidelity of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) 50th male (M50-O) v6.0 seated in an upright (25-degree recline) all-belts-to-seat (ABTS) in a 56 km/h rear-facing frontal impact. The experimental boundary conditions from the post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) tests were replicated in the computational finite element (FE) environment. The performance of the rigidized FE ABTS model obtained from the original equipment manufacturer was validated via simulations using a Hybrid III FE model and comparison with experiments. Biofidelity of the GHBMC M50-O was evaluated using the most updated NHTSA Biofidelity Ranking System (BRS) method, where a biofidelity score under 2 indicates that the GHBMC response varies from the mean PMHS response by less than two standard deviations, suggesting good biofidelity. The GHBMC M50-O received an occupant response score and a seat loading score of 1.71 and 1.44, respectively. Head (BRS = 0.93) and pelvis (BRS = 1.29) resultant accelerations, and T-spine (avg. BRS = 1.55) and pelvis (BRS = 1.66) y-angular velocities were similar to the PMHS. The T-spine resultant accelerations (avg. BRS = 1.93) and head (BRS = 2.82), T1 (BRS = 2.10) and pelvis (BRS = 2.10) Z-displacements were underestimated in the GHBMC. Peak chest deflection in the anterior-posterior deflection in the GHBMC matched with the PMHS mean, however, the relative upward motion of abdominal contents and subsequent chest expansion were not observed in the GHBMC. Updates to the GHBMC M50-O towards improved thorax kinematics and mobility of abdominal organs should be considered to replicate PMHS characteristics more closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Pradhan
- Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jason Stammen
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Vehicle Research and Test Center, East Liberty, Ohio, USA
| | - Corey Kracht
- Production Engineering Department, TS Tech Americas, Inc, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Moorhouse
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Vehicle Research and Test Center, East Liberty, Ohio, USA
| | - John H Bolte
- Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yun-Seok Kang
- Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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26
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Mohamed AS, Elsebaie EM, Abdelrhman WM, Abdulmaguid NYM, Bahnasy RM, Elgendy MSA, Elashry AMMM, El-Hassanin MF, El-Wakeil NHM, Khalil AMM, Amin HF. Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Obesity, and Anti-Diabetic Activities of Opuntia ficus Cladodes Gel and Its Application as a Preservative Coating for Shrimp during Refrigerated Storage. Gels 2023; 9:716. [PMID: 37754397 PMCID: PMC10530947 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Opuntia ficus cladodes (OFC) are considered one of the wastes that result from opuntia cultivation, and their disposal by traditional methods results in many environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted with two aims. The first was the production of OFC gel, and the evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant (by two methods, DPPH and ABTS), anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. The second was an investigation of the effects of different concentrations of this gel (0, 50, and 100%) as an edible coating on the quality of shrimp during 8 days of refrigerated storage. The results showed that this gel was characterised by a high content of ash (10.42%), total carbohydrates (75.17%), and total phenols (19.79 mg GAE/g). OFC gel contained six types of sugars: arabinose, xylose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, and uronic acid, and the most abundant was xylose (36.72%). It is also clear from the results that the OFC gel had high antioxidant properties, which were higher against DPPH than ABTS at the same concentration. OFC gel showed a high inhibition activity against lipase, α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, and their IC50 values were 1.43 mg/mL, 0.78 mg/mL, and 0.57 mg/mL, respectively. The results also stated that shrimp coated with OFC gel had lower pH, drip loss, TVB-N, and TBA values through the days of refrigerated storage. Moreover, the shrimp coated with 100% OFC gel were better than those coated with 50% OFC gel. In conclusion, OFC gel showed high potency as active antioxidant, for its enzyme anti-activities, and as an edible coating for shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S. Mohamed
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Essam Mohamed Elsebaie
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Wesam Mohammed Abdelrhman
- Nutrition & Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Nabila Yahia Mahmoud Abdulmaguid
- Nutrition & Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Science Collage, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M. Bahnasy
- Nutrition & Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Manal Salah Abbas Elgendy
- Nutrition & Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Fawzy El-Hassanin
- Nutrition & Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hesham F. Amin
- Department of Fish Processing and Technology, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43511, Egypt
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Romero AK, Portillo DJ, Beltrán SB, Sierra LJ, Álvarez CA, Ramírez KJ, Martínez JR, Stashenko EE. Enhanced Two-Step Extraction from Biomass of Two Cymbopogon Species Cultivated in Santander, Colombia. Molecules 2023; 28:6315. [PMID: 37687142 PMCID: PMC10488661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The insertion of circular economy principles into the essential oil (EO) production chain aims to reduce waste generation and make integral use of harvested plant material. Higher profits from integral use with reduced waste generation contribute to the eventual use of the EO value chain as an alternative to illicit crops in Colombia (mostly coca). In this study, Java-type citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) and palmarosa (C. martinii) plant materials were used in two consecutive processes to obtain EOs and extracts. The residual biomass after EO distillation was subjected to ultrasound-assisted hydroethanolic extraction to afford extracts that contained bioactive compounds. Citronella and palmarosa were distilled with typical EO yields (1.0 ± 0.1% for citronella; 0.41 ± 0.06% for palmarosa; n = 5) either through hydrodistillation assisted by microwave radiation or through steam distillation, and their composition (determined via GC/FID/MS analysis) and physicochemical parameters fell within their ISO standard specifications. The concentration of citronellal, the major compound of citronella oil, was 500 ± 152 mg/g. Geraniol, the main component of palmarosa oil, was found at 900 ± 55 mg/g. The citronella and palmarosa hydroalcoholic extracts (4-11% yield) were analyzed with UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS, which permitted the identification of 30 compounds, mainly C-glycosylated flavones and hydroxycinnamic acids. Both extracts had similar antioxidant activity values, evaluated using the ABTS+● and ORAC assays (110 ± 44 µmol Trolox®/g extract and 1300 ± 141 µmol Trolox®/g extract, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie K. Romero
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (A.K.R.); (D.J.P.); (S.B.B.); (L.J.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Daysy J. Portillo
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (A.K.R.); (D.J.P.); (S.B.B.); (L.J.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Sheila B. Beltrán
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (A.K.R.); (D.J.P.); (S.B.B.); (L.J.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Lady J. Sierra
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (A.K.R.); (D.J.P.); (S.B.B.); (L.J.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Camilo A. Álvarez
- Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (C.A.Á.); (K.J.R.)
| | - Karen J. Ramírez
- Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (C.A.Á.); (K.J.R.)
| | - Jairo R. Martínez
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (A.K.R.); (D.J.P.); (S.B.B.); (L.J.S.); (J.R.M.)
- Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (C.A.Á.); (K.J.R.)
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Research Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (A.K.R.); (D.J.P.); (S.B.B.); (L.J.S.); (J.R.M.)
- Research Center for Biomolecules (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (C.A.Á.); (K.J.R.)
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28
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Gębalski J, Małkowska M, Graczyk F, Słomka A, Piskorska E, Gawenda-Kempczyńska D, Kondrzycka-Dąda A, Bogucka-Kocka A, Strzemski M, Sowa I, Wójciak M, Grzyb S, Krolik K, Ptaszyńska AA, Załuski D. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Selected Adaptogenic Plants from South America, Asia, and Africa. Molecules 2023; 28:6004. [PMID: 37630255 PMCID: PMC10457937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that there are many studies related to the adaptogenic and pro-healthy activities of plant-based compounds, there are some adaptogenic plants whose activities are not fully known, especially those coming from the wild regions of Asia, Africa, and South America. The aim of these studies was to examine the contents of non-nutritional compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in ten adaptogenic species (Astragalus membranaceus (AM), Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR), Polygonum multiflorum (PM), Angelica sinensis (AS), Andrographis paniculatea (AP), Tinospora cordifolia (TC), Uncaria tomentosa (UT), Pfaffia paniculate (PP), Sutherlandia frutescens (SF), and Rhaponticum carthamoides (RC)). Considering biological activity, their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ferrous-ion-chelating ability assays), anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-tyrosinase activities were evaluated. The richest in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was UR (327.78 mg GAE/g, 230.13 mg QE/g, and 81.03 mg CA/g, respectively). The highest inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were observed for TC, UR, and PM, respectively. In the case of antioxidant properties, extract from PM appeared to most strongly reduce DPPH, extract from UR inhibited ABTS, and extract from SF showed the best chelating properties. It should be noted that a particularly interesting plant was Ulcaria rhynchophylla. The results mean that there were compounds in UR with broad biological activities, and this species should be explored in more detail. Additionally, our results justify the traditional use of these species in the nutripharmacological or ethnopharmacological care systems of different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gębalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Milena Małkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Filip Graczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Piskorska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | | | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Grzyb
- College of Engineering and Health in Warsaw, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r. 18 Str., 02-366 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Krolik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
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Nur S, Setiawan H, Hanafi M, Elya B. Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, in vitro and in silico studies of active compounds of Curculigo latifolia extracts as promising elastase inhibitor. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103716. [PMID: 37457237 PMCID: PMC10344807 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Curculigo latifolia is a plant in the Hypoxidaceae family commonly used in herbal medicine. The study objective was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-elastase properties of C. latifolia extracts in vitro and silico as a candidate for antiaging active ingredients. This study identified secondary metabolites of the hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EAE), and ethanol extracts (EE) from the root (R), stem (S), and leaf (L) organs by LC-ESI-MS and evaluated in vitro antioxidant and inhibitor elastase activity. An antioxidant evaluation was performed using ABTS, Beta Carotene Bleaching (BCB), and Ferric Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Evaluation of anti-elastase was carried out using elastase and followed by an in silico study of molecular docking using the target protein elastase (1B0F). Fifteen C. latifolia metabolites were identified in C. latifolia extracts, most of which were phenolic compounds. In antioxidant testing, REE, REAE, SEE, and SEAE extracts showed potent antioxidant activity based on the ABTS, BCB, and FRAP methods. In anti-elastase testing, it was found that SEE, REE, REAE, and RHE extracts gave powerful inhibition of elastase activity (in the ranges of 16.89 to 27.91 µg/mL). The in-silico study demonstrated the potential of the identified metabolites to bind to the target protein 1B0F involved in remodeling the skin aging process. This research concludes that the extracts from C. latifolia have the potential to serve as an active antiaging source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamsu Nur
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Heri Setiawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hanafi
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Serpong 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, South Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
| | - Berna Elya
- Department of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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30
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Sai-Ut S, Kingwascharapong P, Mazumder MAR, Rawdkuen S. Optimization of Ethanolic Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Lychee and Longan Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology. Foods 2023; 12:2827. [PMID: 37569096 PMCID: PMC10417469 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lychee seeds (LS) and longan seeds (LoS) are excellent sources of phenolic compounds (PCs) with strong antioxidant activity (AOA). The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions regarding extraction yield (EY), extractable phenolic compound (EPC), and AOA from LS and LoS using surface response methodology (RSM). Solvent concentration, extraction temperature, time, and solid to liquid ratio were optimized using RSM. Increasing the solid to solvent ratio from 1:05 to 1:40 (w/v), increased EY for LoS, however, EY did not change from 1:20 to 1:40 for LS. Solid-liquid ratio 1:20 was chosen for this study. Increasing the quantity of solvent leads to higher EPC and FRAP. The results showed that LoS exhibited higher AOA than LS measured as DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, respectively. Ethanol concentrations and temperatures significantly (p < 0.05) affect EY, EPC, and AOA. The results (R2 > 0.85) demonstrated a good fit to the suggested models and a strong correlation between the extraction conditions and the phenolic antioxidant responses. The ethanol concentrations of 41 and 53%, temperatures of 51 and 58 °C, and the corresponding times of 139 and 220 min were the optimal conditions that maximized the EY, EPC, and AOA from LS and LoS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samart Sai-Ut
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | | | - Md. Anisur Rahman Mazumder
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saroat Rawdkuen
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Unit of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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31
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Faustino M, Pereira CF, Durão J, Oliveira AS, Pereira JO, Ferreira C, Pintado ME, Carvalho AP. Effect of drying technology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannans: Structural, physicochemical, and functional properties. Food Chem 2023; 412:135545. [PMID: 36708669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mannans are polysaccharides whose physicochemical and biological properties render them commercialization in several products. Since these properties are strongly dependent on production conditions, the present study aims to assess the impact of different drying technologies - freeze (FDM) and spray drying (SDM) - on the structural, physicochemical, and biological properties of mannans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Structural analysis was assessed by FT-IR, PXRD and SEM, whereas physicochemical properties were evaluated based on sugars, protein, ash and water contents, solubility, and molecular weight distribution. Thermal behaviour was analysed by DSC, and antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS assays. The parameters which revealed major differences, in terms of structural and physicochemical properties regarded morphology (SEM), physical appearance (colour), moisture (3.6 ± 0.1 % and 11.9 ± 0.6 % for FDM and SDM, respectively) and solubility (1 mg/mL for FDM and 25 mg/mL for SDM). Nevertheless, these differences were not translated into the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Faustino
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Durão
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Odila Pereira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ferreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Gülsoy E, Kaya ED, Türkhan A, Bulut M, Koyuncu M, Güler E, Sayın F, Muradoğlu F. The Effect of Altitude on Phenolic, Antioxidant and Fatty Acid Compositions of Some Turkish Hazelnut ( Coryllus avellana L.) Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:5067. [PMID: 37446728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Turkey is the leading producer and exporter of hazelnuts, producing approximately 64% of global hazelnut production. This research investigated the effects of cultivars and altitude on the phenolic, antioxidant, and fatty acid compositions of five hazelnut cultivars grown at three different altitudes, 100 m, 350 m, and 800 m, in Ordu province, one of the territories that produce the most hazelnuts. The results showed that the cultivar and location significantly affected phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid (FA) content. The lowest (2.30 mg/kg-Yağlı) and highest (21.11 mg/kg-Kara) gallic acids were obtained at 100 m. The highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in the nuts grown at 350 m in the Kara and Palaz cultivars, at 100 m in the Yağlı and Sivri cultivars, and at 800 m in the Çakıldak cultivar. Oleic acid was the predominant FA in the cultivars and possessed a diverse trend according to the altitude and cultivar, ranging from 76.04% to 84.80%, increasing with altitude in all cultivars except Çakıldak. Palmitic acid was the predominant saturated FA followed by stearic acid, which significantly varied according to the elevations. This study suggests that the responses of hazelnuts to altitude depend on the cultivar; hence, a proper approach to producing nuts containing more phenolic, fatty acids, and antioxidant activity includes choosing a suitable cultivar for a specific elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Gülsoy
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Igdir University, Igdir 76000, Turkey
| | - Elif Duygu Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir 76000, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Türkhan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Igdir University, Igdir 76000, Turkey
| | - Menekşe Bulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir 76000, Turkey
| | - Mubin Koyuncu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir 76000, Turkey
| | - Emrah Güler
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
| | - Figen Sayın
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Igdir University, Igdir 76000, Turkey
| | - Ferhad Muradoğlu
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
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Kosewski G, Kowalówka M, Drzymała-Czyż S, Przysławski J. The Impact of Culinary Processing, including Sous-Vide, on Polyphenols, Vitamin C Content and Antioxidant Status in Selected Vegetables-Methods and Results: A Critical Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112121. [PMID: 37297363 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents various research methods and results analysis of the total antioxidant status (TAS), polyphenols content (PC) and vitamin C content in selected plant materials (vegetables) subjected to various technological processes, including sous-vide. The analysis included 22 vegetables (cauliflower white rose, romanesco type cauliflower, broccoli, grelo, col cabdell cv. pastoret, col lllombarda cv. pastoret, brussels sprouts, kale cv. crispa-leaves, kale cv. crispa-stem, toscana black cabbage, artichokes, green beans, asparagus, pumpkin, green peas, carrot, root parsley, brown teff, white teff, white cardoon stalks, red cardoon stalks and spinach) from 18 research papers published in 2017 to 2022. The results after processing by various methods such as conventional, steaming and sous-vide cooking were compared to the raw vegetable results. The antioxidant status was mainly determined by the radical DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods, the polyphenol content by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the vitamin C content using dichlorophenolindophenol and liquid chromatography methods. The study results were very diverse, but in most studies, the cooking techniques contributed to reducing TAS, PC and vitamin C content, with the sous-vide process being most beneficial. However, future studies should focus on vegetables for which discrepancies in the results were noted depending on the author, as well as lack of clarity regarding the analytical methods used, e.g., cauliflower white rose or broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kosewski
- Chair and Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Chair and Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Chair and Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Chair and Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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Lin LY, Peng CC, Huang YP, Chen KC, Peng RY. p-Synephrine Indicates Internal Maturity of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck cv. Mato Peiyu-Reclaiming Functional Constituents from Nonedible Parts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104244. [PMID: 37241982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The processing of Citrus grandis Osbeck cv. Mato Peiyu (CGMP) fruits generates a considerable amount of waste, mainly the flavedo, albedo, and segment membrane; the generated waste yields severe environmental and economic challenges. In this study, we tried to reclaim some functional chemicals from the waste. Our data indicated that the essential oil content in the flavedo was 0.76-1.34%, with the major component being monoterpenes (93.75% in August, declining to 85.56% in November, including mainly limonene (87.08% to 81.12%) and others such as β-myrcene). p-Synephrine (mg/100 g dry weight) declined accordingly (flavedo, 10.40 to 2.00; albedo, 1.80 to 0.25; segment membrane, 0.3 in August, 0.2 in September, and none since October). Polyphenols (in μg/g) included gallic acid (70.32-110.25, 99.27-252.89, and 105.78-187.36, respectively); protocatechuic acid (65.32-204.94, 26.35-72.35, and 214.98-302.65, respectively), p-coumaric acid (30.63-169.13, 4.32-17.00, and 6.68-34.32, respectively), ferulic acid (12.36-39.36, 1.21-10.25, and 17.07-39.63, respectively), and chlorogenic acid (59.19-199.36, 33.08-108.57, and 65.32-150.14, respectively). Flavonoids (in μg/g) included naringin (flavedo, 89.32-283.19), quercetin (181.05-248.51), nobiletin (259.75-563.7), hesperidin, and diosmin. The phytosterol content (mg/100 g) was 12.50-44.00 in the flavedo. The total dietary fiber in the segment membrane was 57 g/100 g. The antioxidant activity against the DPPH• and ABTS+• free radicals was moderately high. In conclusion, the waste of CGMP fruits is worth reclaiming for essential oil, p-synephrine, polyphenolics, and dietary fiber. Notably, p-synephrine content (flavedo: <8 mg/100 g dry weight, albedo: <2.0, or segment membrane: <0.4 mg) can serve as a marker of the internal maturation of CGMP fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Lin
- Department of Food and Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chiung Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shing St., Xin-Yi District, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Food and Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shing St., Xin-Yi District, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291, Zhong Zheng Rd., Zhonghe, Taipei 23561, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shing St., Xin-Yi District, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Nursing, Hungkuang University, 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
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Kut K, Stefaniuk I, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Formation of a Purple Product upon the Reaction of ABTS Radicals with Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108912. [PMID: 37240256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) free radical (ABTS●) with proteins (bovine serum albumin, blood plasma, egg white, erythrocyte membranes, and Bacto Peptone) leads not only to a reduction of ABTS● but also to the appearance of a purple color (absorption maximum at 550-560 nm). The aim of this study was to characterize the formation and explain the nature of the product responsible for the appearance of this color. The purple color co-precipitated with protein, and was diminished by reducing agents. A similar color was generated by tyrosine upon reaction with ABTS●. The most feasible explanation for the color formation is the addiction of ABTS● to proteins' tyrosine residues. The product formation was decreased by nitration of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) tyrosine residues. The formation of the purple product of tyrosine was optimal at pH 6.5. A decrease in pH induced a bathochromic shift of the spectra of the product. The product was not a free radical, as demonstrated by electrom paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Another byproduct of the reaction of ABTS● with tyrosine and proteins was dityrosine. These byproducts can contribute to the non-stoichiometry of the antioxidant assays with ABTS●. The formation of the purple ABTS adduct may be a useful index of radical addition reactions of protein tyrosine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Kut
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Stefaniuk
- Institute of Materials Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia Street, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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Cavia MM, Arlanzón N, Busto N, Carrillo C, Alonso-Torre SR. The Impact of In Vitro Digestion on the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Spanish Ciders. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091861. [PMID: 37174399 PMCID: PMC10178113 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various factors can influence the polyphenol content and the antioxidant capacity of ciders, such as the apple variety, its degree of maturity, apple farming and storage conditions, and the cider-fermentation method, all of which explains why ciders of different origin present different values. In addition, digestive processes could have some effects on the properties of cider. Hence, the objective of this study is to characterize Spanish ciders in terms of their polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity and to ascertain whether those same properties differ in digested ciders. In total, 19 ciders were studied from three different zones within Spain: Asturias (A) (10), the Basque Country (BC) (6), and Castile-and-Leon (CL) (3). A range of assays was used to determine the total polyphenol content and the antioxidant capacity of the ciders. In addition, a digestive process was simulated in vitro, assessing whether the use of amylase might influence the recovery of bioactive compounds after digestion. The Basque Country ciders presented higher total polyphenol contents (830 ± 179 GAE/L) and higher antioxidant capacities (DPPH: 5.4 ± 1.6 mmol TE/L; ABTS: 6.5 ± 2.0 mmol TE/L; FRAP: 6.9 ± 1.6 mmol TE/L) than the other ciders that were studied. The in vitro digestion process, regardless of the use of amylase, implied a loss of phenolic compounds (598 ± 239 mg GAE/L undigested samples; 466 ± 146 mg GAE/L digested without amylase samples; 420 ± 115 mg GAE/L digested with amylase samples), although the variation in antioxidant activity depended on the assay chosen for its determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Mar Cavia
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Nerea Arlanzón
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Natalia Busto
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Celia Carrillo
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Sara R Alonso-Torre
- Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Domínguez-Perles R, Medina S. Winery By-Products as Sources of Bioactive Tryptophan, Serotonin, and Melatonin: Contributions to the Antioxidant Power. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081571. [PMID: 37107366 PMCID: PMC10137535 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The amino acid tryptophan and its derived molecules serotonin and melatonin are involved in a wide range of physiological functions that contribute significantly to human health, namely antioxidant, immune-active, and neurological properties. Grapes and wine are a source of these compounds, but their presence in wine by-products remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this work was the identification and quantification of tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin in winery by-products (grape stems, grape pomace, and wine lees) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and mass spectrometer with triple-quadrupole technology (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS), as well as the evaluation of the extracts obtained (by applying specific extraction conditions for each of them) for their antioxidant and reducing capacity (by three different and complementary methods: FRAP, ABTS•+, and ORAC). Furthermore, correlation analyses were developed to establish the contribution of the different analytes to the total antioxidant activity. The main results obtained pointed out grape stems as the by-product with the highest tryptophan content (96.28 mg/kg dw) and antioxidant capacity (142.86, 166.72, and 363.24 mmol TE/kg dw, FRAP, ABTS•+, and ORAC, respectively), while serotonin and melatonin were the predominant derivatives in grape pomace (0.086 and 0.902 µg/kg dw, respectively). The antioxidant capacity of the standards was also analysed at the concentrations found in the matrices studied. A significant correlation was found between the concentration of the pure tryptophan standard and the antioxidant capacity (ABTS•+, r2 = 0.891 at p < 0.001 (***); FRAP, r2 = 0.885 at p < 0.01 (**); and ORAC, r2 = 0.854 at p < 0.01 (**)). According to these results, winery by-products can be highlighted as valuable materials to be used as novel ingredients containing tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin, while tryptophan was identified as the most relevant contributor (out of phenolic compounds) to the antioxidant capacity exhibited by wine by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de, Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus of the University of Murcia-25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de, Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus of the University of Murcia-25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de, Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus of the University of Murcia-25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Mašković PZ, Stagiopoulou R, Miletić N, Krigas N, Lazari D. Ecological Preferences and Diversity of Essential Oil Composition in Endangered Wild-Growing Populations of Sideritis sipylea Boiss. (Lamiaceae) of the East Aegean Islands (Greece): Evidencing Antioxidant Potential, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:836. [PMID: 36840188 PMCID: PMC9965138 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants from the genus Sideritis (Lamiaceae) have been widely used in folk medicine for a long time and consequently are a focus of the scientific community. Despite this interest, explicit data about the essential oils (EOs) of the Endangered Sideritis sipylea have not been readily available to date. In this study, we investigated the ecological preferences of Greek S. sipylea and the chemical composition of the essential oils of wild-growing S. sipylea populations from two Greek islands (S1: Samos, S2: Lesvos); we explored concomitant associations with environmental factors; and we assessed their (i) antioxidant potential (two tests), (ii) antimicrobial activity against six microbial and two fungal strains, and (iii) cytotoxic effect in two human and one murine cell lines. We compiled an ecological profile in R based on all known Greek localities of S. sipylea, outlining for the first time its preferences regarding temperature (3.48 ± 1.53 °C to 30.70 ± 1.11 °C) and the precipitation regimes (5.92 ± 2.33 mm to 136 ± 11.43 mm) shaping its natural occurrence in the wild. The chemical analysis (42 compounds in total) confirmed the domination of monoterpene hydrocarbons in both samples (with quantitative and qualitative differences) and identified 12 new constituents reported in S. sipylea for the first time (e.g., Bicyclogermacrene and Cumacrene). Dominant compounds in S1 (39 constituents) were β-Myrcene (20.4%) followed by β-caryophyllene (11.8%), bicyclogermacrene (7.1%), β-pinene (6.3%), carvacrol (6.2%) and α-terpinene (6.1%), whereas in S2 (26 constituents) the main ones were α-pinene (37.3%), β-pinene (15.1%) and sabinene (12.1%), followed by β-caryophyllene (5.6%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.5%). The strong antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic activity of S. sipylea EOs are reported herein for the first time, while new insight is provided regarding their effect on bacterial and fungal strains (four ones originally tested herein). The biological activity analysis demonstrated variation among samples, with S2 being more potent than S1. Altogether, the results of the present study demonstrate the high biological potential of S. sipylea EOs with an interesting antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects and reveal associations of natural chemodiversity with climatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Z. Mašković
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rafaela Stagiopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nemanja Miletić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rogóż W, Pożycka J, Kulig K, Owczarzy A, Szkudlarek A, Maciążek-Jurczyk M. New look at the metabolism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: influence on human serum albumin antioxidant activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:753-763. [PMID: 34871148 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2011784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Body's homeostasis is dependent on many factors, such as maintaining balance between free radicals formation and degradation. Human serum albumin (HSA) also plays an important role in homeostasis. The aim of this study was thermodynamic analysis of the interaction between ketoprofen (KET), naproxen (NPX), diclofenac (DIC) and HSA, as well as the effect of drug-albumin binding on HSA antioxidant activity using calorimetric and spectrophotometric techniques. Based on the calorimetric analysis it has been shown that accompanied by hydrophobic interaction drugs-albumin binding is an exoenergetic reaction. All analyzed drugs and HSA showed the ability to react with free radicals such as a radical cation, formed as a result of the reaction between 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8). Using ABTS assay a synergistic effect of ketoprofen (KET) and naproxen (NPX) on HSA antioxidant activity was observed while the effect of diclofenac (DIC) binding with albumin was probably additive. Because some medications including KET, NPX and DIC belong to over the counter (OTC) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is necessary to understand their influence on HSA antioxidant activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rogóż
- Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - J Pożycka
- Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Kulig
- Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Owczarzy
- Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Szkudlarek
- Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - M Maciążek-Jurczyk
- Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Elkamhawy A, Oh NK, Gouda NA, Abdellattif MH, Alshammari SO, Abourehab MAS, Alshammari QA, Belal A, Kim M, Al-Karmalawy AA, Lee K. Novel Hybrid Indole-Based Caffeic Acid Amide Derivatives as Potent Free Radical Scavenging Agents: Rational Design, Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, In Silico and In Vitro Investigations. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020141. [PMID: 36837759 PMCID: PMC9966950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant small molecules can prevent or delay the oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Herein, a structure-based hybridization of two natural antioxidants (caffeic acid and melatonin) afforded a novel hybrid series of indole-based amide analogues which was synthesized with potential antioxidant properties. A multiple-step scheme of in vitro radical scavenging assays was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds. The results of the DPPH assay demonstrated that the indole-based caffeic acid amides are more active free radical scavenging agents than their benzamide analogues. Compared to Trolox, a water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, compounds 3a, 3f, 3h, 3j, and 3m were found to have excellent DPPH radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 95.81 ± 1.01, 136.8 ± 1.04, 86.77 ± 1.03, 50.98 ± 1.05, and 67.64 ± 1.02 µM. Three compounds out of five (3f, 3j, and 3m) showed a higher capacity to neutralize the radical cation ABTS•+ more than Trolox with IC50 values of 14.48 ± 0.68, 19.49 ± 0.54, and 14.92 ± 0.30 µM, respectively. Compound 3j presented the highest antioxidant activity with a FRAP value of 4774.37 ± 137.20 μM Trolox eq/mM sample. In a similar way to the FRAP assay, the best antioxidant activity against the peroxyl radicals was demonstrated by compound 3j (10,714.21 ± 817.76 μM Trolox eq/mM sample). Taken together, compound 3j was validated as a lead hybrid molecule that could be optimized to maximize its antioxidant potency for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Na Kyoung Oh
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Turaba Branch P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud O. Alshammari
- Department of Plant Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.-K.); (K.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.-K.); (K.L.)
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Saftić Martinović L, Birkic N, Miletić V, Antolović R, Štanfel D, Wittine K. Antioxidant Activity, Stability in Aqueous Medium and Molecular Docking/Dynamics Study of 6-Amino- and N-Methyl-6-amino-L-ascorbic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and chemical stability of 6-amino-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (D1) and N-methyl-6-amino-6-deoxy-L-ascorbic acid (D2) were examined with ABTS and DPPH assays and compared with the reference L-ascorbic acid (AA). In addition, the optimal storing conditions, as well as the pH at which the amino derivatives maintain stability, were determined using mass spectrometry. Comparable antioxidant activities were observed for NH-bioisosteres and AA. Moreover, D1 showed higher stability in an acidic medium than the parent AA. In addition, AA, D1, and D2 share the same docking profile, with wild-type human peroxiredoxin as a model system. Their docking scores are similar to those of dithiothreitol (DTT). This suggests a similar binding affinity to the human peroxiredoxin binding site.
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Khan I, Mohanta TK, Ihsan N, Halim SA, Khan A, Rehman NU, Khan F, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Karim N, Al-Harrasi A. Antiamnesic Effects of Feralolide Isolated from Aloe vera Resin Miller against Learning Impairments Induced in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36671023 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Feralolide, a dihydroisocoumarin, was isolated from the methanolic extract of resin of Aloe vera. The present study aims to investigate the in vivo ability of feralolide to ameliorate memory impairment induced by scopolamine using a battery of in vitro assays, such as antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition, and in vivo animal models, including elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, passive avoidance, and novel object recognition tests. Feralolide caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of AChE and BuChE enzymes with IC50 values of 55 and 52 μg/mL, respectively, and antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) with IC50 values 170 and 220 μg/mL, respectively. Feralolide reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia as indicated by a dose-dependent decrease in escape latency, path length, and passing frequency in the Morris water maze test compared with the relevant control. The compound also significantly increased the discrimination index in a dose-dependent manner in NORT and decreased transfer latency in EPM, reflective of its memory-enhancing effect. Furthermore, feralolide also caused significant dose-dependent elevation in the step-down latency (SDL) in the passive avoidance test. The results indicated that feralolide might be a helpful memory restorative mediator in treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Sviridov AV, Karpov MV, Fokina VV, Donova MV. Cholesterol Assay Based on Recombinant Cholesterol Oxidase, ABTS, and Horseradish Peroxidase. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2704:157-171. [PMID: 37642843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3385-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol determination by cholesterol oxidase reaction is a fast, convenient, and highly specific approach with widespread use in clinical diagnostics. Routinely, endpoint measurements with 4-aminophenazone or 4-aminoantipyrine as chromogens and sodium cholate, surfactants, or alcohols as solubilizing agents are used. Here we describe a novel kinetic method to determine cholesterol in 0.05-0.75 mM range in neutral or acidic buffers by use of recombinant cholesterol oxidase from Nocardioides simplex in a coupled reaction with horseradish peroxidase, ABTS as a chromogen, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin as a solubilizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Sviridov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Karpov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
| | - Victoria V Fokina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
| | - Marina V Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
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Kaur I, Sharma AD. Underutilized Plant Cymbopogan martinii Derived Essential Oil Is Excellent Source of Bioactives with Diverse Biological Activities. Russ Agric Sci 2023; 49:100-117. [PMID: 37124716 PMCID: PMC10125256 DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cymbopogan martinii, also known as Palmarosa, is an underutilized plant of tropical region. Due to outstanding antioxidant potential it has been used as a part of conventional medicine and beauty product. Regardless of its importance, complete pharmacological and phytochemical studies are still in its early stages. In the current study, Palmarosa essential oil (PRO) was extracted from Cymbopogan martinii and was evaluated for its phytochemicals, antimicrobial and antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic and protection from UV rays. Oil from fresh leaves was extracted and analysed for presence of phytochemicals (Tannin, Flavonoids, and Phenolics). Various antioxidant activities like DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), Nitric oxide radical, Hydroxyl radical, iron reducing, iron cheating activity were performed. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic, membrane integrity assay, and UV-absorption assay was also performed. Antifungal activity against "Aspergillosis" and "Mucormycosis" causing fungal strains was also evaluated. High concentration of polyphenolics like Tannin, Flavonoid, phenolics were revealed through phytochemical analysis. GC-FID revealed the presence of Geraniol, major component of Palmarosa oil and other bioactive compound in PRO. PRO showed high anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential and can be used as an Antidiabetic agent due to inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity. Further study revealed that PRO inhibits α-amylase in competitive manner. Hence from the results obtained it is confirmed that the PRO possesses considerable amount of bioactive compounds and can be used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Kaur
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Mohyal Nagar Jalandhar, 144008 Punjab, India
| | - Arun Dev Sharma
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Mohyal Nagar Jalandhar, 144008 Punjab, India
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Mohamed A, Tlahig S, Moussa JY, Yahia LB, Bouhamda T, Loumerem M. Biochemical Characterization of Rare and Threatened Local Populations of Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivated in the Arid Region of Southern Tunisia. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200595. [PMID: 36239977 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume for human and animal consumption, cultivated in many temperate regions of the world. In the present investigation, the seeds of twelve pea accessions collected from the arid regions of southern Tunisia, characterized by different colors of flowers and seed coats, were evaluated for their proteins, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. The protein content determined by the Bradford method ranged from 46.91 to 151.08 mg/g DW. The content of total phenol, total flavonoid and condensed tannin, ranging from 36.85 to 102.52 mg GAE/100 g DW, 6.95 to 48.11 mg QE/100 g DW, and 12.37 to 70.43 mg CE/100 g DW, respectively. These parameters were characterized respectively by the following three methods, the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the aluminum chloride and the vanillin assay. The LC-ESI/MS analysis identified the presence of 8 phenolic acids and 9 flavonoids which quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, hyperoside, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnosidewere detected as the most abundant compounds. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of pea seeds was evaluated by the ABTS+and DPPH tests. Indeed, DPPH and ABTS anti-free radical activity values ranged from 1.92 to 14.11 μmoL TEAC/g DW and 2.3 to 14.95 μmoL TEAC/g DW, respectively. The variability across the assessed traits revealed significant differences as computed by ANOVA tests. Else, the results showed significant correlations between seed coat color, seed shape, flower color and phenolic compounds. Therefore, genotypes characterized by a purple flower, brown seed coat, and wrinkled form had the highest levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis revealed that phenolic compounds presented a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activities, while being negatively correlated with protein content. UPGMA cluster and Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed two main groups. This work highlights the nutritional value of P. sativum seeds as a good source of natural antioxidant compounds that may be useful in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Mohamed
- Dryland Farming and Oases Cropping Laboratory (LR16IRA02), Arid Land Institute, Street El Jorf, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
- Higher Agronomic Institute, Chott Mariem, IRESA, University of Sousse, B.P. 47, 4042 Chott Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Samir Tlahig
- Dryland Farming and Oases Cropping Laboratory (LR16IRA02), Arid Land Institute, Street El Jorf, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Jamila Yehmed Moussa
- Dryland Farming and Oases Cropping Laboratory (LR16IRA02), Arid Land Institute, Street El Jorf, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Leila Ben Yahia
- Dryland Farming and Oases Cropping Laboratory (LR16IRA02), Arid Land Institute, Street El Jorf, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Talel Bouhamda
- Advanced Analysis Platform - Central Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, Street El Jorf, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Loumerem
- Dryland Farming and Oases Cropping Laboratory (LR16IRA02), Arid Land Institute, Street El Jorf, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
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Cazón P, Puertas G, Vázquez M. Production and Characterization of Active Bacterial Cellulose Films Obtained from the Fermentation of Wine Bagasse and Discarded Potatoes by Komagateibacter xylinus. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235194. [PMID: 36501589 PMCID: PMC9737754 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato waste, such as peels, broken or spoiled potatoes and grape bagasse residues from the winery industry, can be used for the biotechnological production of high-value products. In this study, green, sustainable and highly productive technology was developed for the production of antioxidant bacterial cellulose (BC). The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of a low-cost culture medium based on wine bagasse and potato waste to synthesize BC. Results show that the production of BC by Komagateibacter xylinus in the GP culture medium was five-fold higher than that in the control culture medium, reaching 4.0 g/L BC in 6 days. The compounds of the GP culture medium improved BC production yield. The mechanical, permeability, swelling capacity, antioxidant capacity and optical properties of the BC films from the GP medium were determined. The values obtained for the tensile and puncture properties were 22.77 MPa for tensile strength, 1.65% for elongation at break, 910.46 MPa for Young's modulus, 159.31 g for burst strength and 0.70 mm for distance to burst. The obtained films showed lower permeability values (3.40 × 10-12 g/m·s·Pa) than those of other polysaccharide-based films. The BC samples showed an outstanding antioxidant capacity (0.31-1.32 mg GAE/g dried film for total phenolic content, %DPPH• 57.24-78.00% and %ABTS•+ 89.49-86.94%) and excellent UV-barrier capacity with a transmittance range of 0.02-0.38%. Therefore, a new process for the production of BC films with antioxidant properties was successfully developed.
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Pakpisutkul J, Suwapraphan J, Sripayak N, Sitkhuntod N, Loyrat S, Yahayo W, Supabphol R. The Effects of Vernonia cinerea Less Extracts on Antioxidant Gene Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3923-3930. [PMID: 36444606 PMCID: PMC9930942 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the capability of Vernonia cinerea extracts to disrupt the intracellular oxidative-antioxidative status in colorectal cancer cells. METHODS All experiments were conducted on two colorectal cancer cell lines (SW620 and HT29) with aqueous and ethanol extracts of Vernonia cinerea (VC). The cytotoxicity of both extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. Cells were treated for 1, 4, and 7 days with different concentrations of aqueous and ethanol extracts ranging from 100-700 and 10-150 μg/ml respectively. The antioxidant capacity of cell lysates was determined by the 2, 2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. The possible action mechanism was also investigated through gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. RESULTS Both aqueous and ethanol extracts showed dose/time-dependent manners in all assays. Ethanol extract had a higher potency for cytotoxicity with obviously lower IC50 and a higher antioxidant capability in cytoplasmic content than aqueous extract, especially at 4-day treatment. Low MDA content and gene expression alteration of four enzymes involved in antioxidant status were found in cells treated with ethanol extract compared to aqueous extract. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol VC extracts can cause cytotoxicity to human colorectal cancer cells, possibly be involved in oxidative stress, and/or interfere with oxidative-antioxidative balance by radical scavenging in vitro.
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Xing H, Mu K, Kitts DD, Yaylayan VA. Molecular Basis for the Simultaneous Enhancement of the Aroma-Generating Capacity and Bioactivity of Maillard Reaction Precursors through Mechanochemistry. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:13637-13650. [PMID: 36226926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ball milling at ambient temperatures can accelerate the formation and accumulation of early-stage Maillard reaction intermediates considered important precursors of aromas and antioxidants. In this study, using chemical and biological assays, we explored the potential of sequential milling and heating to enhance the antioxidant and aroma-generating capacity of Maillard model systems. Milling (30 Hz/30 min) followed by dry heating (90 °C/30 min) of glycine or lysine with glucose significantly increased not only the intensity of their aroma-active compounds as analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) but also their free radical scavenging capacity as assessed by 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoneline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. This was attributed to the increased formation of redox-active endiol moieties and precursors of N,N-dialkyl-pyrazinium radical cation in the lysine system assessed by electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight/tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF/MS/MS) analysis. The test samples also inhibited NO generation and cellular oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, indicating size reduction induced by milling promoted paracellular absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xing
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, CanadaH9X 3V9
| | - Kaiwen Mu
- Food Science, Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z4
| | - David D Kitts
- Food Science, Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z4
| | - Varoujan A Yaylayan
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, CanadaH9X 3V9
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Engelhardt L, Pöhnl T, Neugart S. Edible Wild Vegetables Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L.-Antioxidants Affected by Processing. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11202710. [PMID: 36297734 PMCID: PMC9610176 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L., also known as stinging nettle and ground elder, are edible wild green vegetables rich in bioactive and antioxidant polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Antioxidant activity assays (TEAC-, DPPH-, and TPC-assay) in combination with HPLC measurements, to qualify and quantify their chemical compositions, were used. Firstly, the drying methods affected the antioxidant activity of further processing stages, and outcomes were dependent on the species. Secondly, cooking increased the antioxidant activity due to higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, and released bound compounds through the rupture of cell structures. Furthermore, fridge storage (3 days at 7 °C) resulted in the lowest antioxidant activity, compared to freezer storage (30 days at -20 °C). Added 5-caffeoylquinic acid (0.3 mM) led to an increased antioxidant activity, most noticeably in freeze-dried samples. Synergistic effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid were primary found in freeze-dried samples, analyzed fresh or after storage in the fridge. Metal-chelates can lower the antioxidant activity in plant matrices. Edible wild green vegetables are rich in polyphenols and processing can even increase their concentrations to boost the potential health effects. In general, selected quantified phenolics are not solely responsible for the antioxidant activity; minerals, processing, and interactions in plant matrices also contribute decisively.
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Khan FA, Khan NM, Ahmad S, Nasruddin, Aziz R, Ullah I, Almehmadi M, Allahyani M, Alsaiari AA, Aljuaid A. Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils Isolated from the Leaves of Artemisia scoparia and Artemisia absinthium. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 36297333 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current studies were focused on the phytochemical profiling of two local wild Artemisia species, Artemisia scoparia and Artemisia absinthium leaves’ essential oils, extracted via the hydro distillation method along with evaluation of their antioxidant as well as antimicrobial effects. The constituents of EOs were identified using a combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) technique. A total of 25 compounds in A. scoparia essential oil (EOAS) were identified, and 14 compounds with percentage abundance of >1% were tabulated, the major being tocopherol derivatives (47.55%). A total of nine compounds in Artemisia absinthium essential oil (EOAA) were enlisted (% age > 1%), the majority being oleic acid derivatives (41.45%). Strong antioxidant effects were pronounced by the EOAS in DPPH (IC50 = 285 ± 0.82 µg/mL) and in ABTS (IC50 = 295 ± 0.32 µg/mL) free radical scavenging assays. Both the EOs remained potent in inhibiting the growth of bacterial species; Escherichia coli (55−70%) and Shigella flexneri (60−75%) however remained moderately effective against Bacillus subtilis as well as Staphylococcus aureus. Both EOAS and EOAA strongly inhibited the growth of the tested fungal species, especially Aspergillus species (up to 70%). The oils showed anti-cholinesterase potential by inhibiting both Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; IC50 = 30 ± 0.04 µg/mL (EOAS), 32 ± 0.05 µg/mL (EOAA) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; IC50 = 34 ± 0.07 µg/mL (EOAS), 36 ± 0.03 µg/mL (EOAA). In conclusion, the essential oils of A. scoparia and A. absinthium are promising antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticholinergic agents with a different phytochemical composition herein reported for the first time.
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