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Gouda NA, Alshammari SO, Abourehab MAS, Alshammari QA, Elkamhawy A. Therapeutic potential of natural products in inflammation: underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical outcomes, technological advances, and future perspectives. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2857-2883. [PMID: 37950803 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in many major diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune disorders, and is responsible for up to 60% of all deaths worldwide. Metformin, statins, and corticosteroids, and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are often given as anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, however, often have even more debilitating side effects than the illness itself. The natural product-based therapy of inflammation-related diseases has no adverse effects and good beneficial results compared to substitute conventional anti-inflammatory medications. In this review article, we provide a concise overview of present pharmacological treatments, the pathophysiology of inflammation, and the signaling pathways that underlie it. In addition, we focus on the most promising natural products identified as potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of natural products as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with promising outcomes are reviewed. In addition, the safety, side effects and technical barriers of natural products are discussed. Furthermore, we also summarized the latest technological advances in the discovery and scientific development of natural products-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Saud O Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Son S, Elkamhawy A, Gul AR, Al-Karmalawy AA, Alnajjar R, Abdeen A, Ibrahim SF, Alshammari SO, Alshammari QA, Choi WJ, Park TJ, Lee K. Development of new TAK-285 derivatives as potent EGFR/HER2 inhibitors possessing antiproliferative effects against 22RV1 and PC3 prostate carcinoma cell lines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2202358. [PMID: 37096560 PMCID: PMC10132233 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2202358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein tyrosine kinases co-expressed in various cancers such as ovarian, breast, colon, and prostate subtypes. Herein, new TAK-285 derivatives (9a-h) were synthesised, characterised, and biologically evaluated as dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitors. Compound 9f exhibited IC50 values of 2.3 nM over EGFR and 234 nM over HER2, which is 38-fold of staurosporine and 10-fold of TAK-285 over EGFR. Compound 9f also showed high selectivity profile when tested over a small kinase panel. Compounds 9a-h showed IC50 values in the range of 1.0-7.3 nM and 0.8-2.8 nM against PC3 and 22RV1 prostate carcinoma cell lines, respectively. Cell cycle analysis, apoptotic induction, molecular docking, dynamics, and MM-GBSA studies confirmed the plausible mechanism(s) of compound 9f as a potent EGFR/HER2 dual inhibitor with an effective antiproliferative action against prostate carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Son
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Anam Rana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Samah F Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud O Alshammari
- Department of Plant Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Elkamhawy A, Oh NK, Gouda NA, Abdellattif MH, Alshammari SO, Abourehab MAS, Alshammari QA, Belal A, Kim M, Al-Karmalawy AA, Lee K. Novel Hybrid Indole-Based Caffeic Acid Amide Derivatives as Potent Free Radical Scavenging Agents: Rational Design, Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, In Silico and In Vitro Investigations. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020141. [PMID: 36837759 PMCID: PMC9966950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant small molecules can prevent or delay the oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Herein, a structure-based hybridization of two natural antioxidants (caffeic acid and melatonin) afforded a novel hybrid series of indole-based amide analogues which was synthesized with potential antioxidant properties. A multiple-step scheme of in vitro radical scavenging assays was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds. The results of the DPPH assay demonstrated that the indole-based caffeic acid amides are more active free radical scavenging agents than their benzamide analogues. Compared to Trolox, a water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, compounds 3a, 3f, 3h, 3j, and 3m were found to have excellent DPPH radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 95.81 ± 1.01, 136.8 ± 1.04, 86.77 ± 1.03, 50.98 ± 1.05, and 67.64 ± 1.02 µM. Three compounds out of five (3f, 3j, and 3m) showed a higher capacity to neutralize the radical cation ABTS•+ more than Trolox with IC50 values of 14.48 ± 0.68, 19.49 ± 0.54, and 14.92 ± 0.30 µM, respectively. Compound 3j presented the highest antioxidant activity with a FRAP value of 4774.37 ± 137.20 μM Trolox eq/mM sample. In a similar way to the FRAP assay, the best antioxidant activity against the peroxyl radicals was demonstrated by compound 3j (10,714.21 ± 817.76 μM Trolox eq/mM sample). Taken together, compound 3j was validated as a lead hybrid molecule that could be optimized to maximize its antioxidant potency for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Na Kyoung Oh
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Turaba Branch P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud O. Alshammari
- Department of Plant Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.-K.); (K.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.-K.); (K.L.)
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Alshammari QA, Pala R, Barui AK, Alshammari SO, Nauli AM, Katzir N, Mohieldin AM, Nauli SM. The use of advanced spectral imaging to reveal nanoparticle identity in biological samples. Nanoscale 2022; 14:4065-4072. [PMID: 35230362 PMCID: PMC9080669 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in drug delivery therapies, medical diagnostic strategies, and as current Covid-19 vaccine carriers. Many microscope-based imaging systems have been introduced to facilitate detection and visualization of NPs. Unfortunately, none can differentiate the core and the shell of NPs. Spectral imaging has been used to distinguish a drug molecule and its metabolite. We have recently integrated this technology to a resolution of 9 nm by using artificial intelligence-driven analyses. Such a resolution allowed us to collect many robust datapoints for each pixel of an image. Our analyses could recognize 45 spectral points within a pixel to detect unlabeled Ag-NPs and Au-NPs in single live cells and tissues (liver, heart, spleen and kidneys). The improved resolution and software provided a more specific fingerprinting for each single molecule, allowing simultaneous analyses of 990 complex interactions from the 45 points for each molecule within a pixel of an image. This in turn allowed us to detect surface-functionalization of Ag-NPs to distinguish the core from the shell of Ag-NPs for the first time. Our studies were validated using various laborious and time-consuming conventional techniques. We propose that spectral imaging has tremendous potential to study NP localization and identification in biological samples at a high temporal and spatial resolution, based primarily on spectral identity information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar A Alshammari
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajasekharreddy Pala
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA.
| | - Ayan K Barui
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA.
| | - Saud O Alshammari
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA.
- Department of Plant Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andromeda M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Nir Katzir
- Applied Spectral Imaging, 5315 Avenida Encinas, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Ashraf M Mohieldin
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA.
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618-1908, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
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