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Cazón P, Puertas G, Vázquez M. Characterization of multilayer bacterial cellulose-chitosan films loaded with grape bagasse antioxidant extract: Insights into spectral and water properties, microstructure, and antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131774. [PMID: 38663700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This work explores the development and characterization of composite multilayer films comprising bacterial cellulose (BC) and chitosan enriched with antioxidant compounds from grape bagasse extract (GE) and glycerol. SEM images revealed a compact structure with successful interactions between BC and chitosan, confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Equilibrium moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), swollen capacity, and solubility were systematically investigated, unveiling the influence of glycerol and GE concentrations. Moisture content increased with elevated glycerol and GE levels, attributed to their hydrophilic nature. WVP rose with higher concentrations of hydrophilic compounds, affecting the films' permeability. Swollen capacity decreased, and solubility increased with the addition of GE and glycerol, indicating a more compact film structure. The incorporation of GE conferred antioxidant properties to the films, as evidenced by DPPH and ABTS+ assays, and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) determination. TPC values varied from 0 to 1.75 mg GAE/g dried film, depending on GE. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) highlighted polymeric associations, and UV-Vis spectra demonstrated enhanced UV-blocking properties. Overall, these multilayer films offer promising applications in food packaging, leveraging natural antioxidant sources for an enhanced functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Gema Puertas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Flórez M, Cazón P, Vázquez M. Characterization of active films of chitosan containing nettle Urtica dioica L. extract: Spectral and water properties, microstructure, and antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127318. [PMID: 37813218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan films enriched with aqueous nettle extract (Urtica dioica L.) were evaluated by measuring their solubility, equilibrium moisture, water vapor permeability, spectral and antioxidant properties, and microstructure. Nettle extract showed a significant effect on the analyzed film properties. The addition of nettle extract manifested a sharp decrease in water vapor permeability, decreasing from 5.64 · 10-11 to 2.22 · 10-11 g/m·s·Pa. The chitosan- nettle extract films exhibited a high free-radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Incorporation of nettle extract into the chitosan matrix was successfully carried out to obtain antioxidant films. The results obtained showed that the incorporation of nettle extract allowed obtaining chitosan films with antioxidant properties, including a total phenolic content up to 1.57 mg GAE/g film. Furthermore, the films with nettle extract boast an UV shielding ability with transmittance values close to zero in the UV region and a water solubility up to 1 %. The inherent biodegradability is also a strong advantage of the developed active films.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Flórez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Vázquez M, Puertas G, Cazón P. Processing of Grape Bagasse and Potato Wastes for the Co-Production of Bacterial Cellulose and Gluconic Acid in an Airlift Bioreactor. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3944. [PMID: 37835992 PMCID: PMC10575449 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using Garnacha Tintorera bagasse and potato wastes as substrate for the co-production of bacterial cellulose (BC) and gluconic acid by Komagataibacter xylinus fermentation was studied. Firstly, the sulfuric acid hydrolysis of bagasse was evaluated depending on the sulfuric acid concentration (2-4%), temperature (105-125 °C), and time (60-180 min). The bagasse hydrolysates showed a low monosaccharide concentration profile: glucose 3.24-5.40 g/L; cellobiose 0.00-0.48 g/L; arabinose 0.66-1.64 g/L and xylose 3.24-5.40 g/L. However, the hydrolysis treatment enhanced the total phenolic content of the bagasse extract (from 4.39 up to 12.72 mg GAE/g dried bagasse). The monosaccharide profile of the culture medium was improved by the addition of potato residues. From a medium containing bagasse-potato powder (50:50 w/w) and optimal hydrolysate conditions (125 °C for 60 min and 2% H2SO4), the composition of glucose increased up to 30.14 g/L. After 8 days of fermentation in an airlift bioreactor by Komagataibacter xylinus, 4 g dried BC/L and 26.41 g gluconic acid/L were obtained with a BC productivity of 0.021 g/L·h, an efficiency of 0.37 g/g and yield of 0.47 g/g. The productivity of gluconic acid was 0.14 g/L·h with an efficiency of 0.93 g/g and yield of 0.72 g/g. This research demonstrates the promising potential of utilizing waste materials, specifically Garnacha Tintorera bagasse and potato residues, as sustainable substrates for the co-production of valuable bioproducts, such as bacterial cellulose and gluconic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Puertas G, Cazón P, Vázquez M. A quick method for fraud detection in egg labels based on egg centrifugation plasma. Food Chem 2023; 402:134507. [PMID: 36303393 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a quick and cheap method for fraud detection in egg labels according to the four legal farming method of the EU. The plasma obtained from egg centrifugation was investigated for this purpose. Initial protein content in egg, plasma protein content, plasma colour parameters (L*, a* and b*) and plasma UV-VIS-NIR (Ultraviolet-Visible-Near-infrared) spectra were evaluated. The classification algorithms applied were SVM (Support-Vector-Machine), LDA (Linear-Discriminant-Analysis) and QDA (Quadratic-Discriminant-Analysis). The analysis of the protein content did not detect differences. Colour parameters and spectral measurements showed significant differences between eggs. Spectra analysis with QDA gave sensitivity of 100% in the calibration set. The validation set scored 87.5% sensitivity and 94.07% specificity using the visible spectra. This work established plasma spectral measurements combined with classification algorithms as a powerful tool to discriminate the four farming systems. This work presents a fast tool for the egg label control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Puertas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Cazón P, Puertas G, Vázquez M. Production and Characterization of Active Bacterial Cellulose Films Obtained from the Fermentation of Wine Bagasse and Discarded Potatoes by Komagateibacter xylinus. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235194. [PMID: 36501589 PMCID: PMC9737754 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato waste, such as peels, broken or spoiled potatoes and grape bagasse residues from the winery industry, can be used for the biotechnological production of high-value products. In this study, green, sustainable and highly productive technology was developed for the production of antioxidant bacterial cellulose (BC). The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of a low-cost culture medium based on wine bagasse and potato waste to synthesize BC. Results show that the production of BC by Komagateibacter xylinus in the GP culture medium was five-fold higher than that in the control culture medium, reaching 4.0 g/L BC in 6 days. The compounds of the GP culture medium improved BC production yield. The mechanical, permeability, swelling capacity, antioxidant capacity and optical properties of the BC films from the GP medium were determined. The values obtained for the tensile and puncture properties were 22.77 MPa for tensile strength, 1.65% for elongation at break, 910.46 MPa for Young's modulus, 159.31 g for burst strength and 0.70 mm for distance to burst. The obtained films showed lower permeability values (3.40 × 10-12 g/m·s·Pa) than those of other polysaccharide-based films. The BC samples showed an outstanding antioxidant capacity (0.31-1.32 mg GAE/g dried film for total phenolic content, %DPPH• 57.24-78.00% and %ABTS•+ 89.49-86.94%) and excellent UV-barrier capacity with a transmittance range of 0.02-0.38%. Therefore, a new process for the production of BC films with antioxidant properties was successfully developed.
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Rutkowska J, Antoniewska-Krzeska A, Żbikowska A, Cazón P, Vázquez M. Volatile Composition and Sensory Profile of Lactose-Free Kefir, and Its Acceptability by Elderly Consumers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175386. [PMID: 36080153 PMCID: PMC9457958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactose-free products are crucial in the diet of lactose-intolerant elderly consumers, one of them being kefir due to its unique chemical composition and diversity of valuable microflora. The study aimed at determining the volatile compound profile and the corresponding sensory attributes of lactose-free kefir (LFK) as compared with the traditional one (TK). The perception of main sensory attributes and hedonic acceptability of LFK by elderly were also studied. The LFK contained two times more ketones, especially 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,3-butanedione, that probably contributed to the high intensity of creamy aroma. A substantial share of acetic acid in LFK was not associated with high intensity of sour aroma, probably being masked by the creamy aroma, perceived as dominating. LFK was sensed as sweeter and more milky than the traditional one. The intense sweet taste of LFK was due to higher amounts of glucose and galactose than in TK, and was perceived as “just about right” by 63% of elderly subjects in the just-about-right (JAR) scale. The lower acidity of LFK than that of TK, assayed both instrumentally and by sensory assessment, was highly appreciated by 73% of elderly subjects as “just about right” in JAR scale. These two taste attributes dominated in liking the lactose-free kefir by elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslawa Rutkowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Antoniewska-Krzeska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Żbikowska
- Institute of Food Sciences, Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Division of Fat and Oils and Food Concentrates Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Cazón P, Cazón D, Vázquez M, Guerra-Rodriguez E. Rapid authentication and composition determination of cellulose films by UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cazón P, Antoniewska A, Rutkowska J, Vázquez M. Evaluation of easy-removing antioxidant films of chitosan with Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:365-376. [PMID: 34246681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan - tea tree essential oil (TTEO) films were obtained as a new biodegradable material. Malic acid or lactic acid solvents were evaluated to obtain easy-removing films. The microstructure by SEM and FT-IR, the thermal properties by TGA/DSC, the mechanical properties, the water vapor permeability, the antioxidant (DPPH• and ABTS•+) activity and the optical properties of the formulated films were evaluated. A complete dissolution of the film in water was obtained. The elongation to break was higher in the films with malic acid (145.88-317.33%), comparing with those with lactic acid (25.54-44.08%). Chitosan film obtained in malic acid with TTEO showed the highest antioxidant activity. The colour and transparency of the samples did not suffer significant variations by TTEO addition. Films showed good UV-barrier properties, with a slightly improvement by TTEO addition. The films obtained showed a great potential for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, Nova Gorica University, Slovenia
| | - Agata Antoniewska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslawa Rutkowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska st.159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Vázquez M, Velazquez G, Cazón P. UV-Shielding films of bacterial cellulose with glycerol and chitosan. Part 2: Structure, water vapor permeability, spectral and thermal properties. CyTA - Journal of Food 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1870565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago De Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Velazquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago De Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Vázquez M, Velazquez G, Cazón P. UV-Shielding films of bacterial cellulose with glycerol and chitosan. Part 1: equilibrium moisture content and mechanical properties. CyTA - Journal of Food 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1870566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago De Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Velazquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Patricia Cazón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago De Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Cazón P, Vázquez M, Velázquez G. Regenerated cellulose films with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol: Effect of the moisture content on the barrier, mechanical and optical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116031. [PMID: 32172847 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of moisture content on the mechanical, barrier and optical properties of films obtained from regenerated cellulose with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol equilibrated at several relative humidity conditions. The experimental moisture adsorption isotherms were fitted using the Guggenheim-Anderson-DeBoer model. The adsorption isotherm showed a typical type II sigmoidal shape. The highest moisture content (27.53 %) was obtained at a water activity of 0.9. The water vapour permeability values increased up to 6.34·10-11 g/ m s Pa as the moisture content of the films increased. Tensile strength, percentage of elongation, Young's modulus, burst strength and distance to burst showed a significant plasticizing effect of the water molecules. Results suggest that interactions between film components and water molecules decrease the transmittance in the UV region and the transparency. Consequently, water molecules improve the UV-barrier properties of the films and increasing the opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro. Cerro Blanco No. 141, Colinas Del Cimatario, Querétaro, 76090, Mexico; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago De Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago De Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Velázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro. Cerro Blanco No. 141, Colinas Del Cimatario, Querétaro, 76090, Mexico.
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Cazón P, Velazquez G, Vázquez M. Characterization of mechanical and barrier properties of bacterial cellulose, glycerol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) composite films with eco-friendly UV-protective properties. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cazón P, Vázquez M, Velazquez G. Environmentally Friendly Films Combining Bacterial Cellulose, Chitosan, and Polyvinyl Alcohol: Effect of Water Activity on Barrier, Mechanical, and Optical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:753-760. [PMID: 31804071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interest in developing new materials intended for food packaging based on bacterial cellulose is growing in the recent years. Flexible and transparent films from bacterial cellulose-chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol have shown excellent UV-barrier properties. However, this material interacts with ambient moisture modifying its water activity due to its hydrophilic nature. In this work, a study was carried out to evaluate the changes caused by the water activity. Results showed a plasticizing effect of water molecules increasing the water vapor permeability of the samples from 1.86 × 10-12 to 1.17 × 10-11 g/m·s·Pa, percentage of elongation from 3.25 to 36.55%, and distance to burst from 0.64 to 5.12 mm. The increase of the water activity decreased the Young's modulus and tensile strength. The values of the UV-barrier were maintained at the wide range of water activity. Consequently, water molecules do not affect the UV-barrier properties of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , CICATA unidad Querétaro . Cerro Blanco No. 141. Colinas del Cimatario , Querétaro 76090 , Mexico.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary , University of Santiago de Compostela , Lugo 27002 , Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary , University of Santiago de Compostela , Lugo 27002 , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Velazquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , CICATA unidad Querétaro . Cerro Blanco No. 141. Colinas del Cimatario , Querétaro 76090 , Mexico
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Cazón P, Vázquez M, Velazquez G. Composite Films with UV-Barrier Properties of Bacterial Cellulose with Glycerol and Poly(vinyl alcohol): Puncture Properties, Solubility, and Swelling Degree. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3115-3125. [PMID: 31274284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop composite films based on bacterial cellulose, glycerol, and poly(vinyl alcohol) with improved optical and mechanical properties and good UV-barrier property. The interaction among the compounds was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical properties (toughness, burst strength, and distance to burst), solubility, water adsorption, and light barrier properties of the composite films were evaluated. Polynomial models obtained allowed us to predict the behavior of these properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) showed a reinforcing effect on the bacterial cellulose matrix, while glycerol showed a noticeable plasticizing behavior. The bacterial cellulose-based composites showed toughness values ranging from 0.22 to 2.60 MJ/m3. The burst strength values obtained ranged between 43.74 and 2105.52 g. The distance to burst ranged from 0.39 to 4.94 mm. The film solubility on water ranged from 9.37 to 31.65%, and the water retention ranged from 78.26 to 364.78%. Glycerol decreased the transmittance in the UV region, improving the UV-barrier properties of the films, while poly(vinyl alcohol) improved the transparency and opacity values of the samples. The transmittance in the UV regions (A, B, and C) ranged from 1 to 48.51%, increasing with the poly(vinyl alcohol) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , CICATA unidad Querétaro , Cerro Blanco No. 141. Colinas del Cimatario , Querétaro 76090 , Mexico.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary , University of Santiago de Compostela , 27002 Lugo , Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary , University of Santiago de Compostela , 27002 Lugo , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Velazquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , CICATA unidad Querétaro , Cerro Blanco No. 141. Colinas del Cimatario , Querétaro 76090 , Mexico
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Cazón P, Vázquez M, Velazquez G. Composite Films with UV-Barrier Properties Based on Bacterial Cellulose Combined with Chitosan and Poly(vinyl alcohol): Study of Puncture and Water Interaction Properties. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2084-2095. [PMID: 30925215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the preparation and characterization of composite films from bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus combined with poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan. The unique bacterial cellulose structure provides an expanded surface area with high porosity, easing the combination with other soluble polymers by dipping. This blending method effectively reinforces the bacterial cellulose structure. Toughness, puncture strength, water solubility, and swelling degree were measured to assess the effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan on the analyzed properties. The morphology and optical and thermal properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis spectral analysis, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Results showed that the films have good UV-barrier properties and high thermal stability. Toughness values ranged from 0.26 to 7.18 MJ/m3, burst strength ranged from 58.88 to 3234.62 g, and distance to burst ranged from 0.39 to 3.24 mm. Poly(vinyl alcohol) affected the water solubility and increased the swelling degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , CICATA Unidad Querétaro , Cerro Blanco No. 141 , Colinas del Cimatario , Querétaro 76090 , México.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary , University of Santiago de Compostela , 27002 Lugo , Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary , University of Santiago de Compostela , 27002 Lugo , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Velazquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional , CICATA Unidad Querétaro , Cerro Blanco No. 141 , Colinas del Cimatario , Querétaro 76090 , México
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Cazón P, Velazquez G, Vázquez M. Novel composite films from regenerated cellulose-glycerol-polyvinyl alcohol: Mechanical and barrier properties. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cazón P, Velázquez G, Vázquez M. Characterization of bacterial cellulose films combined with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol: Evaluation of mechanical and barrier properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:72-85. [PMID: 31047084 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus is a biomaterial with a unique three-dimensional structure. To improve the mechanical properties and reinforce the BC films, they were immersed in polyvinyl alcohol (0-4%) and chitosan (0-1%) baths. Moisture content, mechanical properties and water vapour permeability were measured to assess the effect of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan. The morphology, optical, structural and thermal properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, spectral analysis, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed that moisture content was significantly affected by the chitosan presence. Tensile strength values in the 20.76-41.65 MPa range were similar to those of synthetic polymer films. Percentage of elongation ranged from 2.28 to 21.82% and Young's modulus ranged from 1043.88 to 2247.82 MPa. The water vapour permeability (1.47 × 10-11-3.40 × 10-11 g/m s Pa) decreased with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol. The developed films own UV light barrier properties and optimal visual appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Mexico; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Velázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Cazón P, Vázquez M, Velazquez G. Composite films of regenerate cellulose with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol: Evaluation of water adsorption, mechanical and optical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:235-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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