1
|
Egu SA, Ali I, Khan KM, Chigurupati S, Qureshi U, Salar U, Ul-Haq Z, Almahmoud SA, Felemban SG, Ali M, Taha M. Rhodanine-benzamides as potential hits for α-amylase enzyme inhibitors and radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavengers. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10813-z. [PMID: 38446373 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A series of 3-substituted and 3,5-disubstituted rhodanine-based derivatives were synthesized from 3-aminorhodanine and examined for α-amylase inhibitory, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities in vitro. These derivatives displayed significant α-amylase inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 11.01-56.04 µM in comparison to standard acarbose (IC50 = 9.08 ± 0.07 µM). Especially, compounds 7 (IC50 = 11.01 ± 0.07 µM) and 8 (IC50 = 12.01 ± 0.07 µM) showed highest α-amylase inhibitory activities among the whole series. In addition to α-amylase inhibitory activity, all compounds also demonstrated significant scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, with IC50 values ranging from 12.24 to 57.33 and 13.29-59.09 µM, respectively, as compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 15.08 ± 0.03 µM for DPPH; IC50 = 16.09 ± 0.17 µM for ABTS). These findings reveal that the nature and position of the substituents on the phenyl ring(s) are crucial for variation in the activities. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that the compounds bearing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) at para substitution possessed the highest activity. In kinetic studies, only the km value was changed, with no observed changes in Vmax, indicating a competitive inhibition. Molecular docking studies revealed important interactions between compounds and the α-amylase active pocket. Further advanced research needs to perform on the identified compounds in order to obtain potential antidiabetic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Attah Egu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ali
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations [IRMC], Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Pakistan Academy of Science, 3-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Urooj Qureshi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, 21461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations [IRMC], Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed HS, Mohamed EIA, Amin E, Moawad AS, Sadek Abdel-Bakky M, Almahmoud SA, Afifi N. Phytochemical investigation and anti-inflammatory potential of Atriplex leucoclada Boiss. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:464. [PMID: 38104070 PMCID: PMC10725009 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant kingdom has long been considered a valuable source for therapeutic agents, however, some plant species still untapped and need to be phytochemically and biologically explored. Although several Atriplex species have been investigated in depth, A. leucoclada, a halophytic plant native to Saudi Arabian desert, remains to be explored for its phytochemical content and biological potentials. Herein, the current study investigated the metabolic content and the anti-inflammatory potential of A. leucoclada. METHODS Powdered aerial parts of the plant were defatted with n-hexane then the defatted powder was extracted with 80% methanol. n-Hexane extract (ATH) was analyzed using GC-MS, while the defatted extract (ATD) was subjected to different chromatographic methods to isolate the major phytoconstituents. The structures of the purified compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic methods including advanced NMR techniques. Anti-inflammatory activity of both extracts against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes were examined in vitro. Molecular docking of the identified compounds into the active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes was conducted using pdb entries 6Y3C and 5IKV, respectively. RESULTS Phytochemical investigation of ATD extract led to purification and identification of nine compounds. Interestingly, all the compounds, except for 20-hydroxy ecdysone (1), are reported for the first time from A. leucoclada, also luteolin (6) and pallidol (8) are isolated for the first time from genus Atriplex. Inhibitory activity of ATD and ATH extracts against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes revealed concentration dependent activity of both fractions with IC50 41.22, 14.40 μg/ml for ATD and 16.74 and 5.96 μg/ml for ATH against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Both extracts displayed selectivity indices of 2.86 and 2.80, respectively as compared to 2.56 for Ibuprofen indicating a promising selectivity towards COX-2. Molecular docking study supported in vitro testing results, where purified metabolites showed binding affinity scores ranged from -9 to -6.4 and -8.5 to -6.6 kcal/mol for COX-1 and 2, respectively, in addition the binding energies of GC-MS detected compounds ranged from -8.9 to -5.5 and -8.3 to -5.1 kcal/mol for COX-1 and 2, respectively as compared to Ibuprofen (-6.9 and -7.5 kcal/mol, respectively), indicating high binding affinities of most of the compounds. Analysis of the binding orientations revealed variable binding patterns depending on the nature of the compounds. Our study suggested A. leucoclada as a generous source for anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayam S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Enas I A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Moawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa Afifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fatima B, Saleem F, Salar U, Chigurupati S, Felemban SG, Ul-Haq Z, Tariq SS, Almahmoud SA, Taha M, Shah STA, Khan KM. Multitargeted inhibition of key enzymes associated with diabetes and Alzheimer's disease by 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro screening, and computational studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300384. [PMID: 37806747 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A library of 22 derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol was synthesized, structurally characterized, and assessed for its potential to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and antioxidant activities. Most of the tested compounds demonstrated good to moderate inhibition potential; however, their activity was lower than that of the standard acarbose. Significantly, compound 3f exhibited the highest inhibition potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, with IC50 values of 18.52 ± 0.09 and 20.25 ± 1.05 µM, respectively, in comparison to the standard acarbose (12.29 ± 0.26; 15.98 ± 0.14 µM). Compounds also demonstrated varying degrees of inhibitory potential against AChE (IC50 = 9.25 ± 0.19 to 36.15 ± 0.12 µM) and BChE (IC50 = 10.06 ± 0.43 to 35.13 ± 0.12 µM) enzymes compared to the standard donepezil (IC50 = 2.01 ± 0.12; 3.12 ± 0.06 µM), as well as DPPH (IC50 = 20.98 ± 0.06 to 52.83 ± 0.12 µM) and ABTS radical scavenging activities (IC50 = 22.29 ± 0.18 to 47.98 ± 0.03 µM) in comparison to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 18.12 ± 0.15; 19.19 ± 0.72). The kinetic investigations have demonstrated that the compounds exhibit competitive-type inhibition for α-amylase, noncompetitive-type inhibition for α-glucosidase and AChE, and mixed-type inhibition for BChE. Additionally, a molecular docking study was performed on all synthetic oxadiazoles to explore the interaction details of these compounds with the active sites of the enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Fatima
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Saleem
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha G Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda S Tariq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed T A Shah
- Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammed HA, Abd-Elraouf M, Sulaiman GM, Almahmoud SA, Hamada FA, Khan RA, Hegazy MM, Abd-El-Wahab MF, Kedra TA, Ismail A. Variability in the volatile constituents and biological activities of Achillea millefolium L. essential oils obtained from different plant parts and by different solvents. ARAB J CHEM 2023; 16:105103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
|
5
|
Huwaimel B, Abouzied AS, Anwar S, Elaasser MM, Almahmoud SA, Alshammari B, Alrdaian D, Alshammari RQ. Novel landmarks on the journey from natural products to pharmaceutical formulations: Phytochemical, biological, toxicological and computational activities of Satureja hortensis L. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113969. [PMID: 37517548 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the ethanolic extract of the Satureja hortensis L. plant's aerial parts to describe its phytochemical makeup, biological functions, toxicity tests, and in-silico molecular docking tests. The GC-MS analysis was used to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the tested extract, and the ABTS and hydrogen peroxide antioxidant assays were used to measure antioxidant activity. Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris were tested for antimicrobial potential. On cell lines such as HepG-2, MCF-7, A-549, and Panc-1, the in-vitro toxicity was also examined. The A-549 cell line was also used for flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle. Additionally, the compounds discovered by the GC-MS analysis were used in silico tests against biological targets. Eight different phytocompounds were tentatively identified as a result of the GC-MS analysis. The compounds also demonstrated significant antioxidant potential for the ABTS and H2O2 assays (IC50: 2.44 and 28.04 μg/ml, respectively). The tested extract was found to have a range of inhibition zones and to be significantly active against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis for the A-549 cell line showed that the cell cycle was arrested at S-phase, and the extract was also found to be most active against this cell line with an IC50 value of 113.05 μg/ml. The docking studies have emphasized the compounds' interactions and binding scores with the EGFR-TK target as determined by the GC-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bader Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia; Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha'il, Hail, 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr S Abouzied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dareen Alrdaian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Q Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haq IU, Ali I, Salar U, Chigurupati S, Qureshi U, Almahmoud SA, Hameed S, Konanki S, Ahmad M, Ali M, Haq ZU, Khan KM. Synthetic piperidine-substituted chalcones as potential hits for α-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:497-515. [PMID: 37092302 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In medicinal chemistry, searching for new therapeutic entities to treat diabetes mellitus is of great concern. The piperidinyl-substituted chalcone scaffold has piqued our interest as a potential antidiabetic agent. Methods: A variety of piperidinyl-substituted chalcones 2-28 were synthesized and tested for α-amylase inhibitory and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities. Results: Compared with the standard acarbose, all compounds inhibited α-amylase, with IC50 values of 9.86-35.98 μM. Docking studies revealed an important binding interaction with the enzyme's catalytic site. The compounds also demonstrated promising radical-scavenging potential against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Conclusion: This study has identified potential lead candidates for further advanced research searching for antidiabetic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ul Haq
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ali
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Urooj Qureshi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehryar Hameed
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical & Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, PO Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3 Constitution Avenue G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elshibani FA, Mohammed HA, Abouzied AS, Kh. Abdulkarim A, Khan RA, Almahmoud SA, Huwaimel B, Alamami AJ. Phytochemical and biological activity profiles of Thymbra linearifolia: An exclusively native species of Libyan Green Mountains. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
|
8
|
Ghosh A, Chakraborty D, Mukerjee N, Baishya D, Chigurupati S, Felemban SG, Almahmoud SA, Almikhlafi MA, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L, Behl T. Target-based virtual screening and molecular interaction studies for lead identification of natural olive compounds against glioblastoma multiforme. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:6170-6191. [PMID: 35994146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, a rare traumatic brain disorder, is at the research climax for its uncontrolled growth leading to a catastrophic outcome. Throwing light on the target-based virtual screening of drugs using natural phytocompounds is a striking cornerstone in glioblastoma-based drug discovery, accelerating with leaps and bounds. This project aims to develop promising lead compounds against glioblastoma brain cancer using OliveNet™, an open-source database. In this pursuit, our rationale for selecting molecules was based on their capability to pass through the blood-brain barrier. Out of 51 derivative molecules from flavonoids and polyphenols, 17 molecules were screened out bearing the best ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties, alongside fulfilling our rationale of lead selection. Two polyphenols, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 4-ethyl guaiacol, have binding affinity for the antioxidant flavonoid luteolin of -5.1 and -4.3 kcal/mol, respectively. According to docking studies, the residues ASN1960, ASN1966, ASN1960, PHE1984, TYR1896, VAL1911, and LYS1966 make both polar and nonpolar interactions with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 4-ethylguanidine, respectively. LD50 values of toxicity screening using TOX Pro brought to limelight the excellent safety profile of polyphenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, studies using in silico cytotoxicity prediction and molecular modelling have decisively shown that these polyphenols are likely to be effective brain cancer inhibitors and promising future lead candidates against glioblastoma multiforme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipanwita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad A Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besancon, France
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammed HA, Almahmoud SA, El-Ghaly ESM, Khan FA, Emwas AH, Jaremko M, Almulhim F, Khan RA, Ragab EA. Comparative Anticancer Potentials of Taxifolin and Quercetin Methylated Derivatives against HCT-116 Cell Lines: Effects of O-Methylation on Taxifolin and Quercetin as Preliminary Natural Leads. ACS Omega 2022; 7:46629-46639. [PMID: 36570308 PMCID: PMC9774329 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Six flavonoids present in Pulicaria jaubertii, i.e., 7,3'-di-O-methyltaxifolin (1), 3'-O-methyltaxifolin (2), 7-O-methyltaxifolin (3), taxifolin (4), 3-O-methylquercetin (5), and quercetin (6), were tested for their anticancer activities. The methylated flavonoids, compounds 1-3 and 5, were evaluated for their anticancer activities in comparison to the non-methylated parent flavonoids taxifolin (4) and quercetin (6). The structures of the known compounds were reconfirmed by spectral analyses using 1H and 13C NMR data comparisons and HRMS spectrometry. The anticancer activity of these compounds was evaluated in colon cancer, HCT-116, and noncancerous, HEK-293, cell lines using the MTT antiproliferative assays. The caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions and DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining assays were used to evaluate the apoptotic activity. All the compounds exhibited antiproliferative activity against the HCT-116 cell line with IC50 values at 33 ± 1.25, 36 ± 2.25, 34 ± 2.15, 32 ± 2.35, 34 ± 2.65, and 36 ± 1.95 μg/mL for compounds 1 to 6, respectively. All the compounds produced a significant reduction in HCT-116 cell line proliferation, except compounds 2 and 6. The viability of the HEK-293 normal cells was found to be significantly higher than the viability of the cancerous cells at all of the tested concentrations, thus suggesting that all the compounds have better inhibitory activity on the cancer cell line. Apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation and nuclear shrinkage were also induced by the compounds. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes increased in HCT-116 cell lines after 48 h of treatment, suggesting cell death by the apoptotic pathways. The molecular docking studies showed favorable binding affinity against different pro- and antiapoptotic proteins by these compounds. The docking scores were minimum as compared to the caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-xl, and JAK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Suliman A. Almahmoud
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed M. El-Ghaly
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department
of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations
(IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Almulhim
- Smart-Health
Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab A. Ragab
- Department
of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Jamal QMS, Almoshari Y, Salawi A, Almahmoud SA, Khan J. State-of-the-art Tools to Elucidate the Therapeutic Potential of TAT-peptide (TP) Conjugated Repurposing Drug Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3706-3719. [PMID: 36278465 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221019144259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In late 2019, a highly infectious and pathogenic coronavirus was recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes acute respiratory disease, threatening human health and public safety. A total of 448,327,303 documented cases and 6,028,576 deaths have been reported as of March 8th 2022. The COVID-19 vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials or already in use should provide at least some protection against SARS-CoV-2; however, the emergence of new variations as a result of mutations may lessen the effectiveness of the currently available vaccines. Since the efficacy of available drugs and vaccines against COVID-19 is notably lower, there is an urgent need to develop a potential drug to treat this deadly disease. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (SCoV-SG) is the foremost drug target among coronaviruses. OBJECTIVE The major objectives of the current study are to conduct a molecular docking study investigation of TAT-peptide47-57(GRKKRRQRRRP)-conjugated remodified therapeutics such as ritonavir (RTV), lopinavir (LPV), favipiravir (FPV), remdesivir (RMV), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), molnupiravir (MNV) and nirmatrelvir (NMV) with (SCoV-SG) structure. METHODS Molecular docking analysis was performed to study the interaction of repurposed drugs and drugs conjugated with the TAT-peptide with target SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VYB) using Auto- Dock. Further docking investigation was completed with PatchDock and was visualized by the discovery of the studio visualizer 2020. RESULTS TAT-peptides are well-characterized immune enhancers that are used in intracellular drug delivery. The results of molecular docking analysis showed higher efficiency and significantly enhanced and improved interactions between TP-conjugated repurposed drugs and the target sites of the SCoV-SG structure. CONCLUSION The study concluded that TP-conjugated repurposed drugs may be effective in preventing COVID- 19, and therefore, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial studies are required in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Sciences and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mostafa EM, Mohammed HA, Musa A, Abdelgawad MA, Al-Sanea MM, Almahmoud SA, Ghoneim MM, Gomaa HAM, Rahman FEZSA, Shalaby K, Selim S, Khan RA. In Vitro Anti-Proliferative, and Kinase Inhibitory Activity of Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids Isolated from Tylophora indica. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11101295. [PMID: 35631719 PMCID: PMC9144581 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid (-)-tylophorine has been reported for its significant anticancer activity working through different biomechanistic pathways. The current study aimed to evaluate the anticancer activity of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids isolated from Tylophora indica. Six phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid (compounds 1-6) in addition to septicine (7), chlorogenic acid (8), and chlorogenic acid methyl ester (9) were isolated from Tylophora indica using different chromatographic techniques including vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolated compounds structures' were determined using various spectro-analytical techniques, i.e., 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The isolates' structural stereochemistry and structural geometries were determined with the help of chiroptical techniques together with comparisons with the available standard samples. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity on three different cell lines, MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 were evaluated. Among all the isolated compounds, tylophorinidine (5) was the most active cytotoxic agent with the lowest IC50 values at 6.45, 4.77, and 20.08 μM against MCF-7, HepG2, and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively. The bioactivities were also validated by the in vitro kinase receptors inhibition assay. Compound (5) also exhibited the highest activity with lowest IC50 values (0.6 and 1.3 μM against the Aurora-A and Aurora-B enzymes, respectively), as compared with all the isolated alkaloidal products. The structure activity relationship on the molecular properties, molecular attributes, and bioactivity levels were analyzed, interrelated, and the molecular docking studies on two different receptors, Aurora-A and Aurora-B, were determined, which provided the confirmations of the bioactivity with receptor-ligand geometric disposition, energy requirements, lipophilicity, and detailed the binding pharmacophore involvements responsible for bioactivity elicitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.); (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.); Tel.: +966-540-470-403 (E.M.M.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.); (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.); Tel.: +966-540-470-403 (E.M.M.)
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.M.A.-S.)
| | - Suliman A. Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriya 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. M. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Khaled Shalaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (E.M.M.); (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.); Tel.: +966-540-470-403 (E.M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chigurupati S, Al-Murikhy A, Almahmoud SA, Almoshari Y, Saber Ahmed A, Vijayabalan S, Ghazi Felemban S, Raj Palanimuthu V. Molecular docking of phenolic compounds and screening of antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:854-859. [PMID: 35197753 PMCID: PMC8848129 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress is crucial in diabetic pathophysiology, hence the prerequisite of ingesting naturally derived antioxidants as a remedial target. This study investigates the naturally occurring antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaves extract. Methods Moringa oleifera leaves were macerated (MOLE) by using 70% ethanol. Physiochemical and phytochemical examinations of MOLE was assayed using standard methods. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging assay. In vitro antidiabetic was analyzed by pancreatic α-amylase enzyme inhibitory assay. The molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina v1.1.2 in PyRx 30.8. Results Ethanolic extraction of MOLE by maceration technique, 14 % yield. Loss on drying, foreign organic matters and total ash value of OLE showed 0.27 w/w, 0.8 % and 19 %, respectively. Phytochemical test on MOLE confirmed starch, carbohydrate, flavonoid, gum, glycoside, saponin, tannin, and phenol presences. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of MOLE are 260 mg GAE/g and 755 mg RUE/g of extract. MOLE (IC 50 55.6 ± 0.18 µg/mL) showed functional DPPH scavenging assay comparable to ascorbic acid (IC 50 46.71 ± 0.24 µg/mL). In the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, Acarbose showed an IC 50 value of 19.45 ± 0.26 µg/mL, while MOLE portrayed an IC 50 value of 27.54 ± 0.07 µg/mL. Docking studies revealed that most phenolic compounds found within MOLE have minimum docking scores and high binding affinity against Human pancreatic alpha-amylase. Conclusions The invitro and docking results suggest that MOLE has been a viable natural bioactive source and might be a great potential source for future antidiabetic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Al-Murikhy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Saber Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasanth Raj Palanimuthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El-Hawary SS, Mohammed R, Lithy NM, AbouZid SF, Mansour MA, Almahmoud SA, Huwaimel B, Amin E. Digalloyl Glycoside: A Potential Inhibitor of Trypanosomal PFK from Euphorbia abyssinica J.F. Gmel. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:173. [PMID: 35050063 PMCID: PMC8779944 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is an endemic infectious disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei via the bite of tsetse-fly. Most of the drugs used for the treatment, e.g., Suramin, have shown several problems, including the high level of toxicity. Accordingly, the discovery of anti-trypanosomal drugs from natural sources has become an urgent requirement. In our previous study on the anti-trypanosomal potential of Euphorbia species, Euphorbia abyssinica displayed significant anti-trypanosomal activity. Therefore, a phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of E. abyssinica was carried out. Twelve compounds, including two triterpenes (1, 2); one sterol-glucoside (4); three ellagic acid derivatives (3, 9, 11); three gallic acid derivatives (5, 6, 10); and three flavonoids (7, 8, 12), were isolated. The structures of isolated compounds were determined through different spectroscopic techniques. Compound (10) was obtained for the first time from genus Euphorbia while all other compounds except compound (4), were firstly reported in E. abyssinica. Consequently, an in silico study was used to estimate the anti-trypanosomal activity of the isolated compounds. Several compounds displayed interesting activity where 1,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose (10) appeared as the most potent inhibitor of trypanosomal phosphofructokinase (PFK). Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and ADMET calculations were performed for 1,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose. In conclusion, 1,6-di-O-galloyl-d-glucose revealed high binding free energy as well as desirable molecular dynamics and pharmacokinetic properties; therefore, it could be suggested for further in vitro and in vivo studies for trypanosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seham S. El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Rabab Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.M.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Nadia M. Lithy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Sameh Fekry AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.M.); (S.F.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A. Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Suliman A. Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bader Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (R.M.); (S.F.A.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|