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Gębalski J, Małkowska M, Graczyk F, Słomka A, Piskorska E, Gawenda-Kempczyńska D, Kondrzycka-Dąda A, Bogucka-Kocka A, Strzemski M, Sowa I, Wójciak M, Grzyb S, Krolik K, Ptaszyńska AA, Załuski D. Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Selected Adaptogenic Plants from South America, Asia, and Africa. Molecules 2023; 28:6004. [PMID: 37630255 PMCID: PMC10457937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that there are many studies related to the adaptogenic and pro-healthy activities of plant-based compounds, there are some adaptogenic plants whose activities are not fully known, especially those coming from the wild regions of Asia, Africa, and South America. The aim of these studies was to examine the contents of non-nutritional compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in ten adaptogenic species (Astragalus membranaceus (AM), Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR), Polygonum multiflorum (PM), Angelica sinensis (AS), Andrographis paniculatea (AP), Tinospora cordifolia (TC), Uncaria tomentosa (UT), Pfaffia paniculate (PP), Sutherlandia frutescens (SF), and Rhaponticum carthamoides (RC)). Considering biological activity, their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ferrous-ion-chelating ability assays), anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-tyrosinase activities were evaluated. The richest in polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was UR (327.78 mg GAE/g, 230.13 mg QE/g, and 81.03 mg CA/g, respectively). The highest inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were observed for TC, UR, and PM, respectively. In the case of antioxidant properties, extract from PM appeared to most strongly reduce DPPH, extract from UR inhibited ABTS, and extract from SF showed the best chelating properties. It should be noted that a particularly interesting plant was Ulcaria rhynchophylla. The results mean that there were compounds in UR with broad biological activities, and this species should be explored in more detail. Additionally, our results justify the traditional use of these species in the nutripharmacological or ethnopharmacological care systems of different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gębalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Milena Małkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Filip Graczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Artur Słomka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Piskorska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | | | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Grzyb
- College of Engineering and Health in Warsaw, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r. 18 Str., 02-366 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Krolik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.M.); (F.G.); (D.G.-K.)
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Kunat-Budzyńska M, Rysiak A, Wiater A, Grąz M, Andrejko M, Budzyński M, Bryś MS, Sudziński M, Tomczyk M, Gancarz M, Rusinek R, Ptaszyńska AA. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of New Honey Varietals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20032458. [PMID: 36767825 PMCID: PMC9915547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to a widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria, there is an urgent need to look for antimicrobial substances, and honey with its antimicrobial properties is a very promising substance. In this study, we examined for the first time antimicrobial properties of novel varietal honeys, i.e., plum, rapeseed, Lime, Phacelia, honeydew, sunflower, willow, and multifloral-P (Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-AP (Acer negundo L., Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-Sa (Salix sp.), multifloral-Br (Brassica napus L.). Their antimicrobial activity was tested against bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus circulans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), yeasts (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) and mold fungi (such as Aspergillus niger). In tested honeys, phenolic acids constituted one of the most important groups of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Our study found phenolic acids to occur in greatest amount in honeydew honey (808.05 µg GAE/g), with the highest antifungal activity aiming at A. niger. It was caffeic acid that was discovered in the greatest amount (in comparison with all phenolic acids tested). It was found in the highest amount in such honeys as phacelia-356.72 µg/g, multifloral (MSa) and multifloral (MBr)-318.9 µg/g. The highest bactericidal activity against S. aureus was found in multifloral honeys MSa and MBr. Additionally, the highest amount of syringic acid and cinnamic acid was identified in rapeseed honey. Multifloral honey (MAP) showed the highest bactericidal activity against E. coli, and multifloral honey (MSa) against S. aureus. Additionally, multifloral honey (MBr) was effective against E. coli and S. aureus. Compounds in honeys, such as lysozyme-like and phenolic acids, i.e., coumaric, caffeic, cinnamic and syringic acids, played key roles in the health-benefit properties of honeys tested in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kunat-Budzyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Andrejko
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Budzyński
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej S. Bryś
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Sudziński
- Urban Artistic Apiary, Centre for the Meeting of Cultures, Plac Teatralny 1 Str., 20-029 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2a Str., 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Rusinek R, Dobrzański B, Oniszczuk A, Gawrysiak-Witulska M, Siger A, Karami H, Ptaszyńska AA, Żytek A, Kapela K, Gancarz M. How to Identify Roast Defects in Coffee Beans Based on the Volatile Compound Profile. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238530. [PMID: 36500625 PMCID: PMC9737409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect and identify the volatile compounds in coffee that was obtained in defect roast processes versus standard roasting and to determine the type and strength of the correlations between the roast defects and the volatile compound profile in roasted coffee beans. In order to achieve this goal, the process of coffee bean roasting was set to produce an underdeveloped coffee defect, an overdeveloped coffee defect, and defectless coffee. The "Typica" variety of Arabica coffee beans was used in this study. The study material originated from a plantation that is located at an altitude of 1400-2000 m a.s.l. in Huehuetenango Department, Guatemala. The analyses were carried out with the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and an electronic nose. This study revealed a correlation between the identified groups of volatile compounds and the following coffee roasting parameters: the time to the first crack, the drying time, and the mean temperatures of the coffee beans and the heating air. The electronic nose helped to identify the roast defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-744-50-61; Fax: +48-744-50-67
| | - Bohdan Dobrzański
- Pomology, Nursery and Enology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marzena Gawrysiak-Witulska
- Department of Dairy and Process Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Siger
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hamed Karami
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żytek
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kapela
- Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, ul. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
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Kunat-Budzyńska M, Budzyński M, Schulz M, Strachecka A, Gancarz M, Rusinek R, Ptaszyńska AA. Natural Substances, Probiotics, and Synthetic Agents in the Treatment and Prevention of Honeybee Nosemosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111269. [PMID: 36365020 PMCID: PMC9697638 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are important pollinators, but they are continuously exposed to a variety of fungal and bacterial diseases. One of the various diseases affecting honeybees is nosemosis caused by microsporidia from the Nosema genus. Honeybees are mainly infected through consumption of infected food or faeces containing Nosema spp. spores. Nosemosis causes damage to the middle intestine epithelium, which leads to food absorption disorders and honeybee malnutrition. Fumagillin, i.e., the antibiotic used to treat nosemosis, was withdrawn in 2016 from EU countries. Therefore, researchers have been looking for compounds of both natural and synthetic origin to fight nosemosis. Such compounds should not have a negative impact on bees but is expected to inhibit the disease. Natural compounds tested against nosemosis include, e.g., essential oils (EOs), plant extracts, propolis, and bacterial metabolites, while synthetic substances tested as anti-nosemosis agents are represented by porphyrins, vitamins, antibiotics, phenolic, ascorbic acids, and others. This publication presents an 18-year overview of various studies of a number of natural and synthetic compounds used in the treatment and prevention of nosemosis cited in PubMed, GoogleScholar, and CrossRef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kunat-Budzyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Budzyński
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Schulz
- Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 50a, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Strachecka
- Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 50a, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Tauber JP, McMahon D, Ryabov EV, Kunat M, Ptaszyńska AA, Evans JD. Honeybee intestines retain low yeast titers, but no bacterial mutualists, at emergence. Yeast 2021; 39:95-107. [PMID: 34437725 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybee symbionts, predominantly bacteria, play important roles in honeybee health, nutrition, and pathogen protection, thereby supporting colony health. On the other hand, fungi are often considered indicators of poor bee health, and honeybee microbiome studies generally exclude fungi and yeasts. We hypothesized that yeasts may be an important aspect of early honeybee biology, and if yeasts provide a mutual benefit to their hosts, then honeybees could provide a refuge during metamorphosis to ensure the presence of yeasts at emergence. We surveyed for yeast and fungi during pupal development and metamorphosis in worker bees using fungal-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), next-generation sequencing, and standard microbiological culturing. On the basis of yeast presence in three distinct apiaries and multiple developmental stages, we conclude that yeasts can survive through metamorphosis and in naïve worker bees, albeit at relatively low levels. In comparison, known bacterial mutualists, like Gilliamella and Snodgrassella, were generally not found in pre-eclosed adult bees. Whether yeasts are actively retained as an important part of the bee microbiota or are passively propagating in the colony remains unknown. Our demonstration of the constancy of yeasts throughout development provides a framework to further understand the honeybee microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Tauber
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.,Department for Materials and the Environment, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dino McMahon
- Department for Materials and the Environment, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugene V Ryabov
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Magdalena Kunat
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta A Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jay D Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Gancarz M, Hurd PJ, Latoch P, Polaszek A, Michalska-Madej J, Grochowalski Ł, Strapagiel D, Gnat S, Załuski D, Rusinek R, Starosta AL, Krutmuang P, Hernández RM, Pascual MH, Ptaszyńska AA. Dataset of the next-generation sequencing of variable 16S rRNA from bacteria and ITS2 regions from fungi and plants derived from honeybees kept under anthropogenic landscapes. Data Brief 2021; 36:107019. [PMID: 33937454 PMCID: PMC8079459 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forager Apis melliefera honeybees were collected from four localities located in Europe, i.e.: London, UK; Athens, Greece; Marchamalo, Spain and Lublin, Poland. Furthermore, from Asia we have collected A. mellifera as well as A. cerana foragers form Chiang Mai in Thailand We used next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse the 16S rRNA bacterial gene amplicons based on the V3-V4 region and the ITS2 region from fungi and plants derived from honeybee samples. Amplicon libraries, were prepared using the 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation, Preparing 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons for the Illumina MiSeq System (Illumina®) protocol. NGS raw data are available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA686953. Furthermore, isolated DNA was used as the template for screening pathogens: Nosema apis, N. ceranae, N. bombi, tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi), any organism in the parasitic order Trypanosomatida, including Crithidia spp. (i.e., Crithidia mellificae), neogregarines including Mattesia and Apicystis spp. (i.e., Apicistis bombi). The presented data can be used to compare the metagenomic samples from different honeybee population all over the world. A higher load of fungi, and bacteria groups such as: Firmicutes (Lactobacillus); γ- proteobacteria, Neisseriaceae, and other unidentified bacteria was observed for Nosema cearana and neogregarines infected honeybees. Healthy honeybees had a higher load of plant pollens, and bacteria groups such as: Orbales, Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, and Enterobacteriaceae. More details can be found in research article [1] Ptaszyńska et al. 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland.,Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paul J Hurd
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Przemyslaw Latoch
- Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, Koszykowa 86 st., 02-008 Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Gene Expression, ECOTECH-Complex, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Gleboka 39, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrew Polaszek
- Department of Life Sciences, Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Michalska-Madej
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Grochowalski
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata L Starosta
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, ECOTECH-Complex, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Gleboka 39, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand.,Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Raquel Martín Hernández
- IRIAF, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de San Martín s/n, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain.,Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT-FEDER), Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Mariano Higes Pascual
- IRIAF, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de San Martín s/n, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain
| | - Aneta A Ptaszyńska
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Graczyk F, Strzemski M, Balcerek M, Kozłowska W, Mazurek B, Karakuła M, Sowa I, Ptaszyńska AA, Załuski D. Pharmacognostic Evaluation and HPLC-PDA and HS-SPME/GC-MS Metabolomic Profiling of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruits. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071969. [PMID: 33807364 PMCID: PMC8036712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is a medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. However, due to the overexploitation, this species is considered to be endangered and is included in the Red List, e.g., in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, a new source of this important plant in Europe is needed. The aim of this study was to develop pharmacognostic and phytochemical parameters of the fruits. The content of polyphenols (eleutherosides B, E, E1) and phenolic acids in the different parts of the fruits, as well as tocopherols, fatty acids in the oil, and volatile constituents were studied by the means of chromatographic techniques [HPLC with Photodiode-Array Detection (PDA), headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS)]. To the best of our knowledge, no information is available on the content of eleutherosides and phenolic acids in the pericarp and seeds. The highest sum of eleutheroside B and E was detected in the whole fruits (1.4 mg/g), next in the pericarp (1.23 mg/g) and the seeds (0.85 mg/g). Amongst chlorogenic acid derivatives (3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA), 3-CQA was predominant in the whole fruits (1.08 mg/g), next in the pericarp (0.66 mg/g), and the seeds (0.076 mg/g). The oil was rich in linoleic acid (C18:3 (n-3), 18.24%), ursolic acid (35.72 mg/g), and α-tocopherol (8.36 mg/g). The presence of druses and yellow oil droplets in the inner zone of the mesocarp and chromoplasts in the outer zone can be used as anatomical markers. These studies provide a phytochemical proof for accumulation of polyphenols mainly in the pericarp, and these structures may be taken into consideration as their source subjected to extraction to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Graczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-795672587
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Maciej Balcerek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weronika Kozłowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mazurek
- Analytical Department, New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Michał Karakuła
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (D.Z.)
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Ptaszyńska AA, Latoch P, Hurd PJ, Polaszek A, Michalska-Madej J, Grochowalski Ł, Strapagiel D, Gnat S, Załuski D, Gancarz M, Rusinek R, Krutmuang P, Martín Hernández R, Higes Pascual M, Starosta AL. Amplicon Sequencing of Variable 16S rRNA from Bacteria and ITS2 Regions from Fungi and Plants, Reveals Honeybee Susceptibility to Diseases Results from Their Forage Availability under Anthropogenic Landscapes. Pathogens 2021; 10:381. [PMID: 33810160 PMCID: PMC8004708 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
European Apis mellifera and Asian Apis cerana honeybees are essential crop pollinators. Microbiome studies can provide complex information on health and fitness of these insects in relation to environmental changes, and plant availability. Amplicon sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA from bacteria and the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from fungi and plants allow identification of the metabiome. These methods provide a tool for monitoring otherwise uncultured microbes isolated from the gut of the honeybees. They also help monitor the composition of the gut fungi and, intriguingly, pollen collected by the insect. Here, we present data from amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA from bacteria and ITS2 regions from fungi and plants derived from honeybees collected at various time points from anthropogenic landscapes such as urban areas in Poland, UK, Spain, Greece, and Thailand. We have analysed microbial content of honeybee intestine as well as fungi and pollens. Furthermore, isolated DNA was used as the template for screening pathogens: Nosema apis, N. ceranae, N. bombi, tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi), any organism in the parasitic order Trypanosomatida, including Crithidia spp. (i.e., Crithidia mellificae), neogregarines including Mattesia and Apicystis spp. (i.e., Apicistis bombi). We conclude that differences between samples were mainly influenced by the bacteria, plant pollen and fungi, respectively. Moreover, honeybees feeding on a sugar based diet were more prone to fungal pathogens (Nosema ceranae) and neogregarines. In most samples Nosema sp. and neogregarines parasitized the host bee at the same time. A higher load of fungi, and bacteria groups such as Firmicutes (Lactobacillus); γ-proteobacteria, Neisseriaceae, and other unidentified bacteria was observed for Nosema ceranae and neogregarine infected honeybees. Healthy honeybees had a higher load of plant pollen, and bacteria groups such as: Orbales, Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, and Enterobacteriaceae. Finally, the period when honeybees switch to the winter generation (longer-lived forager honeybees) is the most sensitive to diet perturbations, and hence pathogen attack, for the whole beekeeping season. It is possible that evolutionary adaptation of bees fails to benefit them in the modern anthropomorphised environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Przemyslaw Latoch
- Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, Koszykowa 86 Str., 02-008 Warsaw, Poland;
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, ECOTECH-Complex, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Gleboka 39, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paul J. Hurd
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Andrew Polaszek
- Department of Life Sciences, Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;
| | - Joanna Michalska-Madej
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland; (J.M.-M.); (Ł.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Łukasz Grochowalski
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland; (J.M.-M.); (Ł.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland; (J.M.-M.); (Ł.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 116B, 30-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4 Str., 20-290 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Raquel Martín Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, IRIAF Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de San Martín s/n, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain; (R.M.H.); (M.H.P.)
- Instituto de Recursos Humanos para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (INCRECYT-FEDER), Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla—La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Mariano Higes Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental (CIAPA), Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, IRIAF Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de San Martín s/n, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain; (R.M.H.); (M.H.P.)
| | - Agata L. Starosta
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, ECOTECH-Complex, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, ul. Gleboka 39, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Pachla A, Ptaszyńska AA, Wicha M, Kunat M, Wydrych J, Oleńska E, Małek W. Insight into probiotic properties of lactic acid bacterial endosymbionts of Apis mellifera L. derived from the Polish apiary. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1890-1899. [PMID: 33732075 PMCID: PMC7938192 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking into account that fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) can play an important role in the health of honey bees and can be used as probiotics, phenotypic properties of probiotic interest of Lactobacillus kunkeei (12 strains) and Fructobacillus fructossus bacteria (2 strains), isolated from Apis mellifera gastrointestinal tract, have been studied. We have evaluated survival of tested FLAB in honey bee gut, their susceptibility to antibiotics (ampicillin, erythromycin, tylosin), cell surface hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation ability, co-aggregation with model pathogenic bacteria, biofilm formation capacity, and effect of studied FLAB, added to sucrose syrup bee diet, on longevity of honey bees. The tested FLAB exhibited good gastrointestinal tract tolerance and high antibiotic susceptibility, which are important criteria in the screening of probiotic candidates. It was also found that all FLAB studied have high cell surface hydrophobicity and fulfil next selection criterion for their use as probiotics. Symbionts of A. mellifera showed also auto- and co-aggregation capacities regarded as valuable features for biofilm formation and inhibition of pathogens adhesion to the bee gut cells. Biofilm-development ability is a desired characteristic of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. As indicated by quantitative crystal violet-stained microplate assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging, all studied A. mellifera gut isolates exhibit a biofilm positive phenotype. Moreover, it was also documented, on honey bees kept in cages, that supplementation of A. mellifera sucrose diet with FLAB decreases mortality and improves significantly longevity of honey bees. Presented research showed that A. mellifera FLAB symbionts are good candidates for application as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pachla
- Research and Development Center, Biowet Puławy, 2 H. Arciucha st., 24–100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka st., 20–033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wicha
- Research and Development Center, Biowet Puławy, 2 H. Arciucha st., 24–100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kunat
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka st., 20–033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wydrych
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, M. Curie–Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20–033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Oleńska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wanda Małek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, M. Curie–Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20–033 Lublin, Poland
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Adamczyk K, Olech M, Abramek J, Pietrzak W, Kuźniewski R, Bogucka-Kocka A, Nowak R, Ptaszyńska AA, Rapacka-Gackowska A, Skalski T, Strzemski M, Sowa I, Wójciak-Kosior M, Feldo M, Załuski D. Eleutherococcus Species Cultivated in Europe: A New Source of Compounds with Antiacetylcholinesterase, Antihyaluronidase, Anti-DPPH, and Cytotoxic Activities. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:8673521. [PMID: 30984341 PMCID: PMC6431473 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8673521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites of the roots of Eleutherococcus spp. cultivated in Poland, or the bioactivity, are not fully known. The 75% methanol extracts of five Eleutherococcus spp. (E. senticosus, E. divaricatus, E. sessiliflorus, E. gracilistylus, and E. henryi) were examined for the content of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as for antiacetylcholinesterase, antihyaluronidase, anti-DPPH∗, and cytotoxic activities. The richest in polyphenols were the roots of E. henryi (10.4 mg/g DW), while in flavonoids the roots of E. divaricatus (6.5 mg/g DW). The richest in phenolic acids occurred the roots of E. henryi [protocatechuic acid (1865 μg/g DE), caffeic acid (244 μg/g DE), and p-coumaric and ferulic acids (55 μg/g DE)]. The highest inhibition of AChE was observed for E. gracilistylus and E. sessiliflorus (32%), at the concentration of 100 μg/0.19 mL of the reaction mixture, while that of Hyal for the roots of E. henryi (40.7%), at the concentration of 100 μg/0.16 mL of the reaction mixture. Among five species tested, the E. henryi extract exhibited the strongest HL-60 cell line growth's inhibition (IC50 270 μg/mL). The extracts reduced DPPH∗ in a time-dependent mode, at the concentration of 0.8 mg/mL. After 90 min from 14.7 to 26.2%, DPPH∗was reduced. A phytochemical composition and activity of the Eleutherococcus species, cultivated in Poland, are still under research; however, on the basis of the results obtained, it may be concluded that they may become a source of phytochemicals and be useful for Europe's citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuba Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Olech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jagoda Abramek
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wioleta Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Kuźniewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alina Rapacka-Gackowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skalski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wójciak-Kosior
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 9 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Street, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Ptaszyńska AA, Gancarz M, Hurd PJ, Borsuk G, Wiącek D, Nawrocka A, Strachecka A, Załuski D, Paleolog J. Changes in the bioelement content of summer and winter western honeybees (Apis mellifera) induced by Nosema ceranae infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200410. [PMID: 30044811 PMCID: PMC6060561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper bioelement content is crucial for the health and wellness of all
organisms, including honeybees. However, the situation is more complicated in
these important pollinators due to the fact that they change their physiology
during winter in order to survive the relatively harsh climatic conditions.
Additionally, honeybees are susceptible to many diseases such as
nosemosis, which during winter can depopulate an entire
colony. Here we show that summer bees have a markedly higher content of
important bioelements such as: Al, Cu, P, V, (physiologically essential); Ca, K,
Mg, (electrolytic); Cr, Se, Zn, (enzymatic); As, Hg, (toxic). In contrast, a
markedly higher content of: Fe (physiologically essential); Mn, Ni, (enzymatic);
Cd (exclusively toxic) were present in winter bees. Importantly,
N. ceranae infection resulted in an
increased honeybee bioelement content of: S, Sr (physiologically essential) and
Pb (exclusively toxic), whereas the Nosema-free worker-bees had
higher amounts of B and Si (physiologically essential). We propose that the
shortages of Fe, Mn, Ni, and Na observed in Nosema-infected
bees, could be the reason for the higher mortality of
Nosema-infected bees throughout overwintering. In addition, a
shortage of bioelements such as B and Si may be a reason for accelerated aging
in foragers that is observed following N.
ceranae infection. Therefore, in winter, bioelement content
was more strongly affected by N. ceranae
infection than during summer. We found a strong correlation between the
bioelement content of bees and seasons (summer or winter) and also with
Nosema infection. We conclude that the balance of
bioelements in the honeybee is altered by both seasonal affects and by
Nosema infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry,
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin,
Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marek Gancarz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin,
Poland
| | - Paul J. Hurd
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of
London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Apidologie, Institute of
Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and
Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin,
Poland
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin,
Poland
| | | | - Aneta Strachecka
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Apidologie, Institute of
Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and
Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin,
Poland
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus
Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Paleolog
- Department of Zoology, Ecology and Wildlife Management, Life Science
University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Ptaszyńska AA, Trytek M, Borsuk G, Buczek K, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Gryko D. Porphyrins inactivate Nosema spp. microsporidia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5523. [PMID: 29615690 PMCID: PMC5882804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of organic/inorganic molecules with activity against intracellular fungi of the phylum Microsporidia is of critical importance. Here, for the first time, the inactivation of these parasitic fungi by porphyrins is reported. The biological effects of porphyrins (10 µM and 100 µM) on the microsporidian Nosema ceranae was investigated in honeybee hosts using cage experiments. A significant reduction in the number of spores (from 2.6 to 5 fold) was observed in Nosema-infected honeybees with a sucrose-protoporphyrin amide [PP(Asp)2] syrup diet compared to the control honeybees. PP(Asp)2 and the other porphyrin examined in vitro, TMePyP, had a direct impact on the microsporidia. Notably, neither porphyrin requires light excitation to be active against microsporidia. Moreover, microsporidia preincubated with these porphyrins exhibited decreased ability to infect honeybees. In particular, PP(Asp)2, possessing amphiphilic characteristics, exhibited significant inactivation of microsporidia, preventing the development of the microsporidia and diminishing the mortality of infected honeybees. In addition, the porphyrin-treated spores examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed morphological changes in their exosporium layers, which were distinctly deformed. Thus, we postulate that the mechanism of action of porphyrins on microsporidia is not based on photodynamic inactivation but on the destruction of the cell walls of the spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Trytek
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buczek
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Background Nosema ceranae infection not only damages honey bee (Apis melifera) intestines, but we believe it may also affect intestinal yeast development and its seasonal pattern. In order to check our hypothesis, infection intensity versus intestinal yeast colony forming units (CFU) both in field and cage experiments were studied. Methods/Findings Field tests were carried out from March to October in 2014 and 2015. N. ceranae infection intensity decreased more than 100 times from 7.6 x 108 in March to 5.8 x 106 in October 2014. A similar tendency was observed in 2015. Therefore, in the European eastern limit of its range, N. ceranae infection intensity showed seasonality (spring peak and subsequent decline in the summer and fall), however, with an additional mid-summer peak that had not been recorded in other studies. Due to seasonal changes in the N. ceranae infection intensity observed in honey bee colonies, we recommend performing studies on new therapeutics during two consecutive years, including colony overwintering. A natural decrease in N. ceranae spore numbers observed from March to October might be misinterpreted as an effect of Nosema spp. treatment with new compounds. A similar seasonal pattern was observed for intestinal yeast population size in field experiments. Furthermore, cage experiments confirmed the size of intestinal yeast population to increase markedly together with the increase in the N. ceranae infection intensity. Yeast CFUs amounted to respectively 2,025 (CV = 13.04) and 11,150 (CV = 14.06) in uninfected and N. ceranae-infected workers at the end of cage experiments. Therefore, honey bee infection with N. ceranae supported additional opportunistic yeast infections, which may have resulted in faster colony depopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20–033 Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jerzy Paleolog
- Department of Zoology, Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20–950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20–950 Lublin, Poland
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Ptaszyńska AA, Borsuk G, Mułenko W, Wilk J. Impact of vertebrate probiotics on honeybee yeast microbiota and on the course of nosemosis. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 2016. [DOI: 10.21521/mw.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The natural intestine microbiota of honeybees is dominated by Gram-negative bacteria from such families as: Enterobacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, less numerous are Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and other fungi. Our research was focused on the impact of commercial vertebrae probiotics, on honeybees’ intestine yeast number, hemolymph lysozyme activity and nosemosis development. The diet of honeybees was supplemented with two vertebrate probiotics recommended in beekeeping management. The former consisted of Lactobacillus casei, L. plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The latter consisted of L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Yeasts isolated from honeybees’ intestine and detected in our research belonged to two genera: Candida and Saccharomyces. The average number of yeast Colony Forming Units (CFUs) in uninfected honeybees fed only sugar syrup was 3850 (±400.33) and after Nosema spp. infection the number rose to 19500 (±1644.40) per one honeybee. The addition of a probiotic decreased the number of detected yeast CFUs in both groups of infected and uninfected honeybees. Nosema infection did not affect lysozyme activity; therefore it was the administration of probiotics that had the main impact on the rise of lysozyme level. Most likely very vivid probiotic bacteria were treated as invaders by honeybees’ immune defense, which resulted in almost 40% rise observed in lysozyme activity. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation accelerated the nosemosis development even twofold. Probably, increased acidity of the honeybees’ intestine, which is a consequence of the uncontrolled growth of lactic acid bacteria, created conditions favorable to faster nosemosis development. Therefore, every administration of diet supplements with live microorganisms whose impact on honeybees biology and physiology is not well studied should be carried out with the greatest caution.
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Ptaszyńska AA, Borsuk G, Zdybicka-Barabas A, Cytryńska M, Małek W. Are commercial probiotics and prebiotics effective in the treatment and prevention of honeybee nosemosis C? Parasitol Res 2015; 115:397-406. [PMID: 26437644 PMCID: PMC4700093 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (a commercial probiotic) and inulin (a prebiotic) on the survival rates of honeybees infected and uninfected with Nosema ceranae, the level of phenoloxidase (PO) activity, the course of nosemosis, and the effect on the prevention of nosemosis development in bees. The cells of L. rhamnosus exhibited a high rate of survival in 56.56 % sugar syrup, which was used to feed the honeybees. Surprisingly, honeybees fed with sugar syrup supplemented with a commercial probiotic and a probiotic + prebiotic were more susceptible to N. ceranae infection, and their lifespan was much shorter. The number of microsporidian spores in the honeybees fed for 9 days prior to N. ceranae infection with a sugar syrup supplemented with a commercial probiotic was 25 times higher (970 million spores per one honeybee) than in a control group fed with pure sucrose syrup (38 million spores per one honeybee). PO activity reached its highest level in the hemolymph of this honeybee control group uninfected with N. ceranae. The addition of probiotics or both probiotics and prebiotics to the food of uninfected bees led to the ~2-fold decrease in the PO activity. The infection of honeybees with N. ceranae accompanied an almost 20-fold decrease in the PO level. The inulin supplemented solely at a concentration of 2 μg/mL was the only administrated factor which did not significantly affect honeybees’ survival, the PO activity, or the nosemosis infection level. In conclusion, the supplementation of honeybees’ diet with improperly selected probiotics or both probiotics and prebiotics does not prevent nosemosis development, can de-regulate insect immune systems, and may significantly increase bee mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka st., 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences, 13 Akademicka st., 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zdybicka-Barabas
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka st., 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Cytryńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka st., 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wanda Małek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka st., 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Ptaszyńska AA, Borsuk G, Woźniakowski G, Gnat S, Małek W. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for rapid detection and differentiation of Nosema apis and N. ceranae in honeybees. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 357:40-8. [PMID: 24975021 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosemosis is a contagious disease of honeybees (Apis mellifera) manifested by increased winter mortality, poor spring build-up and even the total extinction of infected bee colonies. In this paper, loop-mediated isothermal amplifications (LAMP) were used for the first time to identify and differentiate N. apis and N. ceranae, the causative agents of nosemosis. LAMP assays were performed at a constant temperature of 60 °C using two sets of six species-specific primers, recognising eight distinct fragments of 16S rDNA gene and GspSSD polymerase with strand displacement activity. The optimal time for LAMP and its Nosema species sensitivity and specificity were assessed. LAMP only required 30 min for robust identification of the amplicons. Ten-fold serial dilutions of total DNA isolated from bees infected with microsporidia were used to determine the detection limit of N. apis and N. ceranae DNAs by LAMP and standard PCR assays. LAMP appeared to be 10(3) -fold more sensitive than a standard PCR in detecting N. apis and N. ceranae. LAMP methods developed by us are highly Nosema species specific and allow to identify and differentiate N. apis and N. ceranae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Lewtak K, Fiołka MJ, Szczuka E, Ptaszyńska AA, Kotowicz N, Kołodziej P, Rzymowska J. Analysis of antifungal and anticancer effects of the extract from Pelargonium zonale. Micron 2014; 66:69-79. [PMID: 24972056 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The extract from Pelargonium zonale stalks exhibits activity against Candida albicans and exerts an effect on the HeLa cell line. The action against C. albicans cells was analysed using light, CLSM, SEM, and TEM microscopes. The observations indicate that the extract influenced fungal cell morphology and cell metabolic activity. The morphological changes include cell wall damage, deformations of cell surfaces, and abnormalities in fungal cell shape and size. Cells of C. albicans treated with the extract exhibited disturbances in the budding pattern and a tendency to form agglomerates and multicellular chains. The P. zonale extract caused a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of C. albicans cells. Cells died via both apoptosis and necrosis. The antitumor activity of the extract was analysed using the MTT assay. The P. zonale extract exhibited minor cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line but a dose-dependent cytopathic effect was noticed. The P. zonale extract is a promising source for the isolation of antifungal and anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lewtak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta J Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta A Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kotowicz
- Department of Soil and Plant System, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Rzymowska
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, Lublin, Poland.
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Ptaszyńska AA, Łętowski J, Gnat S, Małek W. Application of COI sequences in studies of phylogenetic relationships among 40 Apionidae species. J Insect Sci 2012; 12:16. [PMID: 22934614 PMCID: PMC3469407 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The systematics of the family Apionidae, as well as the superfamily Curculionoidea, is currently in a state of flux. The comparative analyses of COI sequences from our studies shed some light on the systematics of these weevils. To study the relationship among the organisms of the family Apionidae, we determined the COI sequences of representatives of 23 species and 15 genera, i.e., Apion, Betulapion, Catapion, Ceratapion, Cyanapion, Eutrichapion, Exapion, Hemitrichapion, Holotrichapion, Ischnopterapion, Protapion, Pseudoperapion, Psudoprotapion, Pseudostenapion, and Stenopterapion. Then, they were compared with the COI sequences of 19 species and eight genera from GenBank (Aspidapion, Ceratapion, Exapion, Ischnopterapion, Lepidapion, Omphalapion, Oxystoma, and Protapion). The phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data are similar to the classification system developed by Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal ( 1999 ), with some exceptions within the tribe Oxystomatini, and genera Ceratapion and Exapion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Łętowski
- Zoology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St.; 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wanda Małek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, M. Curie-Skłodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Fiołka MJ, Ptaszyńska AA, Czarniawski W. Antibacterial and antifungal lysozyme-type activity in Cameraria ohridella pupae. J Invertebr Pathol 2005; 90:1-9. [PMID: 16169556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2005.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme-type antibacterial and antifungal activity in pupae of Cameraria ohridella was studied. Activity against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus megaterium was detected in pupae extract. Also antifungal activity from C. ohridella pupae extract directed against Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain W 303 was shown. During immunoblotting two bands in pupae extract, with molecular mass of about 15 and 28 kDa were recognized by antibodies directed against HEWL. After acid electrophoresis followed by bioautography of the extract, two lytic zones showing lysozyme-type activity against M. luteus were observed. Two bacteria: Gram-positive Aerococcus viridans and Gram-negative Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida were isolated from pupae of C. ohridella. Their activity against M. luteus, B. megaterium, and S. cerevisiae W303 was detected. After immunoblotting with antibodies against HEWL, also two proteins from bacterial suspensions of A. viridans and A. salmonicida were detected, about 15 and 28 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Fiołka
- Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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