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Yang Y, He H, Chen Y, Chen B, Esfahani EB, Mohseni M, Xu N, Nesterenko P. Towards elevated perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) enrichment in water: Sequential liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment for ion chromatography detection. Chemosphere 2024; 358:142227. [PMID: 38704046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The widespread detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the environment has raised significant concerns. The standard PFOA analytical method relies on expensive solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instruments, making routine use prohibitive. We herein proposed a cost-effective yet novel enrichment method for determining PFOA at ng L-1 level. This method entailed a two-step sample preparation process: firstly, PFOA was extracted and enriched using a forward-extraction under acidic conditions, followed by a backward-extraction and enrichment step utilizing alkaline water. The enriched samples were subsequently subjected to a common ion chromatography (IC). Results reveal that maintaining a forward-extraction pH below its pKa value (2.8) is essential, as protonated PFOA proves effective in enhancing the enrichment factor (EF). The challenge lied in driving PFOA from forward-extractant to aqueous backward-extractant due to the decreased hydrophobicity of deprotonated PFOA (log Kow2 = 1.0). In addition, we found that evaporating forward-extractant with alkaline backward-extractant (containing 5% methanol) reduced potential analytical uncertainties associated with PFOA evaporation and sorption. Under optimal conditions, the method achieved a detection limit of 9.2 ng L-1 and an impressive EF value of 719. Comparison with SPE-LC-MS/MS confirmed the proposed method as a promising alternative for PFOA determination. Although initially targeted for PFOA, the novel methodology is likely applicable to preconcentration of other poly-fluoroalkyl substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Huan He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, China.
| | - Ehsan Banayan Esfahani
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pavel Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob'evy Gory, GSP-3, Moscow, 119899, Russian Federation
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Hejazi B, Luz C, Grüner F, Frick J, Garrecht H. Characterisation of Adobe and Mud-Straw for the Restoration and Rehabilitation of Persian Historical Adobe Buildings. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1764. [PMID: 38673120 PMCID: PMC11051334 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the restoration or rehabilitation of traditional buildings, compatible materials with known characteristics must be used. However, the existing literature lacks comprehensive studies on the characterisation of Persian mud-straw plaster, focusing primarily on Persian adobe. Moreover, previous research on Persian adobe has primarily employed XRF and XRD tests, neglecting ion chromatography, moisture sorption isotherm determination, and thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry. Consequently, there is a shortage of information regarding the elemental composition, mineralogical characteristics, moisture sorption behaviour, and thermal properties of Persian mud-straw plaster, as well as Persian adobe bricks. This paper aims to address this research gap by examining historical and new adobe bricks and mud-straw plaster used in Iran, utilising a comprehensive array of analytical techniques. The results from XRF analysis reveal relatively similar chemical compositions across all samples, while XRD analysis indicates predominantly similar mineral phases. Ion chromatography results demonstrate higher conductivity and chloride concentrations in the mud-straw samples than the adobe samples, with higher values for new samples than historical ones. Freshly used straw, clay, or soil may have higher chloride concentrations caused by the arid climate and soil salinisation in the area. Additionally, moisture sorption isotherm determination results show that adobe and mud-straw plaster with a higher salt load of chlorides have significantly higher moisture absorption. The increased straw quantity in the samples increases the moisture content. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that, at low heating, adobe and mud-straw plaster lose water due to dehydration, and at high heating, they lose carbon dioxide due to decarboxylation. The comprehensive characterisation of Persian adobe and mud-straw plaster in this study fills a significant gap in the literature and offers invaluable insights for informing restoration and rehabilitation processes, ensuring the compatibility of the materials used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Hejazi
- Materials Testing Institute (MPA), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (C.L.); (F.G.); (J.F.); (H.G.)
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Wen Z, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Determination of inorganic ions and carbohydrates in cardioplegia and nephroplegia solutions by ion chromatography. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:234-243. [PMID: 37847878 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, methods for analyzing inorganic ions and carbohydrates in cardioplegia and nephroplegia solutions were developed and validated using ion chromatography with both conductivity and pulsed amperometric detection. The inorganic ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium were separated by a cation-exchange column with 27 mM methanesulfonic acid as mobile phase at 0.5 mL/min. The anion (chloride) and carbohydrates (mannitol and glucose) were analyzed by an anion-exchange column using a mobile phase of 20 mM sodium hydroxide at 1.0 mL/min. The methods showed a high sensitivity for all analytes, with quantification limits from 0.0002 to 0.06 mg/L. Good linearities between the peak areas and concentrations were found for all analytes within the selected concentration range (R2 > 0.999). Relative standard deviation values for repeatability and interday precision were 0.1%-1.0% and 0.7%-1.6%, respectively. The accuracy was validated by determining the percentage recovery, which was between 98.0% and 101.3% for all analytes, indicating good accuracy of the methods. The robustness was verified by using an experimental design. Finally, real samples were analyzed to determine the content of the analytes. All assay values were between 96.8% and 102.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Berardi G, Di Taranto A, Haouet N, Vita V, Palomba E, Rizzi G, Iammarino M. Monitoring of polyphosphate levels in animal source products collected in Italy by means of ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. Ital J Food Saf 2023; 12:11110. [PMID: 38116373 PMCID: PMC10726398 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.11110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphates (PPs) constitute a class of food additives widely used due to their ability to exercise different useful activities. The food safety concern about the use of PPs in food is both the possible non-declared addition and some health effects, such as bile duct stones, decrease in oligo-element absorption, and allergic reactions in susceptible people. In this study, an analytical method based on ion chromatography with conductivity detection was applied for the detection and quantification of PPs in 238 samples of animal-derived products such as meat, dairy, and fish products. A contribution to risk assessment was also included. The monitoring confirmed the absence of non-compliant results. All concentrations of PPs were indeed lower than the legal limits set in European Regulation No. 1333/2008. Moreover, no residue of PPs was detected (> limit of quantification: 0.09 g kg-1) in samples where it was not reported on the product label. No PPs were detected in mollusks, meat-based preparations, semi-ripened, unripened, and spun paste cheese, while they are widely used in surimi, with concentrations in the range of 0.1-0.5 g kg-1. The highest concentrations were quantified in a würstel sample (4.7±0.3 g kg-1) and a spreadable cheese sample (8.9±0.7 g kg-1). Considering that the high exposure scenario together with a very susceptible population group (toddlers) were taken into account for this risk exposure study and that the highest admissible daily intake obtained was equal to 10.4%, the assessment demonstrated that the actual use of PPs in food does not pose a risk for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Berardi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | | | - Naceur Haouet
- Food Control Laboratory, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Vita
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Elena Palomba
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Gianluca Rizzi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
| | - Marco Iammarino
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia
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Elsässer C, Angelin EM, Montag P, Hilbig H, Grosse CU, Pamplona M. Frozen, Cold, or Cool? Chemical Assessment of the Effectiveness of Storage Conditions for Celluloid 3D Objects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4056. [PMID: 37896300 PMCID: PMC10609767 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving celluloid artifacts is challenging for museums, as this plastic is highly prone to degradation. Frozen, cold, and cool storage solutions are typically recommended for inhibiting the chemical degradation of celluloid. However, they are rarely implemented for three-dimensional celluloid (3D-CN) objects because low temperatures might cause irreversible effects (e.g., microcracking). This work presents the effects of four different storage temperatures (+23 °C, +13 °C, +9 °C, -15 °C) on the preservation of artificially aged 3D-CN mock-ups, aiming at understanding their effectiveness by measuring molecular weight distribution, camphor, and nitrogen contents after storage. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results showed that the least loss of camphor content and fewer polymer chain scissions happened at -15 °C, hinting that this temperature was the best for preservation. However, the heterogeneous nature of celluloid alteration, i.e., the development of degradation gradients in thicker 3D-CN objects (>0.5 mm), made it necessary to apply a novel sampling technique, which selectively considers several depths for analyses from the surface to the core (depth profiling). This depth profiling made monitoring the degradation evolution dependent on the storage conditions in the thicker mock-ups possible. This approach was also used for the first time to quantify the polymer chain scission, camphor loss, and denitration of historical artifacts, indicating a dramatic difference in the degradation stage between surface and core. The effectiveness of frozen storage on the chemical stability of 3D-CN after seven months could support museums to consider reducing the storage temperatures to preserve precious artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Elsässer
- Conservation Science Department, Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany; (C.E.); (E.M.A.)
- Chair of Non-Destructive Testing, Technical University of Munich, Franz-Langinger-Straße 10, 81245 Munich, Germany;
| | - Eva Mariasole Angelin
- Conservation Science Department, Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany; (C.E.); (E.M.A.)
| | - Peter Montag
- PSS a Part of Agilent, Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, 55120 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Harald Hilbig
- Professorship of Mineral Construction Materials, Technical University of Munich, Franz-Langinger-Straße 10, 81245 Munich, Germany;
| | - Christian U. Grosse
- Chair of Non-Destructive Testing, Technical University of Munich, Franz-Langinger-Straße 10, 81245 Munich, Germany;
| | - Marisa Pamplona
- Conservation Science Department, Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany; (C.E.); (E.M.A.)
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Kowalska J, Wasilewski P. Phosphoryl Trichloride-Method of Determination in Workplace Air. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6215. [PMID: 37444063 PMCID: PMC10341696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for determining phosphoryl trichloride in workplace air. The method is based on passing the tested air through a sodium carbonate-impregnated quartz fiber sampling filter. The substance collected on the sampling filter is extracted with ultrapure water. Phosphoryl trichloride is determined as chloride ions (the product of the hydrolysis of phosphoryl trichloride) in the obtained aqueous solutions by ion chromatography with conductometric detection. The developed method enables the determination of phosphoryl trichloride in the air in the concentration range from 0.004 to 0.160 mg/m3. The method is not applicable in the presence of phosphorus trichloride, hydrochloric acid, and its salts in the air. Good validation results were obtained. All requirements of the norm PN-EN 482 were met while developing and validating the method. This method can be used to measure workplace air in order to assess workers' occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kowalska
- Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00701 Warsaw, Poland;
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7
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Michalski R, Pecyna-Utylska P. Ion chromatography for analysis of glyphosate and its selected metabolites. A review. J Sep Sci 2023:e2300038. [PMID: 37061853 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Among all known compounds with herbicide activity glyphosate, has been the most commercially successful one. Currently it is under evaluation because of its possible cancerogenic properties. However, the question is - if it is possible to completely withdraw it from use? Before it can happen, it is important to be sure of all its benefits and limitations, and this requires further detailed research. Due to the extent and prevalence of its use, glyphosate end up in the environment and then in food and our bodies. There are several methods used for their determination. One of them is ion chromatography. Taking into account its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its rapid development, their importance in this field can be expected to increase in the near future. This paper summarizes the literature data from the past 22 years. The applications of ion chromatography in the determination of glyphosate in various types of environmental, food, and other samples is described. Moreover, the methods used so far are compared with the possibilities offered by ion chromatography, which main advantages and benefits are easy availability, low operating costs, green chemistry aspects and suitable validation parameters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmund Michalski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
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8
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Bragulla SCH, Lorenz J, Harms C, Wark M, Friedrich KA. Application of Ion Chromatography for the Reliable Quantification of Ammonium in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Experiments: A Practical Guide. ChemSusChem 2023:e202202211. [PMID: 36929811 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessing novel electrocatalysts for the electrochemical ammonia synthesis (EAS) requires reliable quantitative trace analysis of electrochemically produced ammonia to infer activity and selectivity. This study concerns the development of an ion chromatography (IC) method for quantitative trace analysis of ammonium in 0.1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte, which is applied to EAS gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) experiments with commercial chromium nitride as electrocatalyst. The developed IC method is highly sensitive, versatile, and reliable, achieving a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 6 μg l-1 (6 ppbmol ) ammonium. The impacts of the sample matrix, dilution, and neutralization, as well as contamination, on the quantitative analysis by IC are analyzed. Experimental constraints result in an effective LOQ including dilution of 60 μg l-1 for the determination of ammonium in 0.1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte, owing to necessary sample dilution. The practical guide presented herein is intended to be very relevant for the field of EAS as a guideline and applicable to a broad range of catalyst systems and ion chromatography devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C H Bragulla
- Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute of Building Energetics, Thermal Engineering and Energy Storage, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Lorenz
- Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Harms
- Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 15, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wark
- Chemical Technology 1, Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - K Andreas Friedrich
- Institute of Building Energetics, Thermal Engineering and Energy Storage, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Electrochemical Energy Technology, Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Khan A, Naeem M, Zekker I, Arian MB, Michalski G, Khan A, Shah N, Zeeshan S, Ul Haq H, Subhan F, Ikram M, Shah MIA, Khan I, Shah LA, Zahoor M, Khurshed A. Evaluating groundwater nitrate and other physicochemical parameters of the arid and semi-arid district of DI Khan by multivariate statistical analysis. Environ Technol 2023; 44:911-920. [PMID: 34586969 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1987532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate as an important water pollutant, causing eutrophication was analyzed in Pakistan at different water sources (hand pump (HP), bore hole (BH) and tube well (TW)) to assess the contamination level caused by NO3-. NO3- concentrations in the HP water samples were 31 mg L-1 to 59 mg L-1, in BH 20 mg L-1 to 79 mg L-1 while in TW water samples it was between 29 to 55 mg L-1. The association of NO3- with other selected parameter in groundwater can be determined by using statistical approaches. Different physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO)) were studied in groundwater samples of the research district. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for groundwater characteristics were calculated. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was used to categorize samples based on their groundwater quality similarities and to find links between groundwater quality factors. The key relationship of the groundwater for HP samples on EC and TDS (r = 1) had a great correlation, while all other parameters correlations were lower (r = 0.40), BH's parameters on WT and WSD (r = 0.57), WT and pH (r = 0.57), EC and DO (r = 0.50), DO and TDS (0.50), EC and TDS (r = 1) had a quite high correlation, while all other parameters correlations were less than (r = 0.40), on the other hand, tube well parameters on TDS and EC (r = 1) had a perfect correlation, DO and pH (r = 0.75) parameters correlations were less than (r = 0.40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khan
- Department of Chemistry, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Ivar Zekker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Greg Michalski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Chemistry, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Zeeshan
- Department of Chemistry, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | - Fazle Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Idrees Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry (NCE), University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Amama Khurshed
- Government Post Graduate College for Boys Lund Khwar, Mardan, Pakistan
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Elsässer C, Mayr V, Montag P, Angelin EM, Hilbig H, Grosse CU, Pamplona M. Mock-Ups in Plastic Conservation Research: Processing and Aging of 3D Celluloid Specimens Simulating Historical Objects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of mock-ups in heritage science studies represents a valid alternative for investigation purposes, avoiding extensive sampling of cultural heritage objects. This work presents for the first time the successful preparation of three dimensional (3D) mock-ups made of celluloid, considering a combination of historical industrial production strategies and small-scale lab facilities. Prefabricated transparent celluloid sheets were acquired and then shaped through compression molding for creating mock-ups with 3D geometries. These reflected common and representative shapes encountered in the collection of the Deutsches Museum. Visual inspection of the mock-ups allowed determining the best compression molding conditions. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the absence of molecular heterogeneity due to the processing method. Artificial aging of the mock-ups was conducted to reach degradation states comparable with naturally aged objects. ATR-FTIR investigation offered first insights into the induced artificial degradation. Ion chromatography (IC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses allowed to assess the extent of the artificial aging of the celluloid mock-ups and confirmed the occurrence of loss of camphor, denitration, and main chain polymer scission, the latter being the predominant decay path. The comparison with historical objects highlighted that the mock-ups are representative of moderately aged artifacts. As such, this study paves the way for implementing moderately aged celluloid 3D mock-ups in heritage science research, enabling in-depth testing for the scope of conservation.
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Ciriello M, Cirillo V, Formisano L, El-Nakhel C, Pannico A, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Productive, Morpho-Physiological, and Postharvest Performance of Six Basil Types Grown in a Floating Raft System: A Comparative Study. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:486. [PMID: 36771571 PMCID: PMC9919531 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum sp.) is one of the world's most famous culinary fresh herbs, characterized by rapid growth that makes it particularly suitable for hydroponic cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of six types of basil to a closed-loop hydroponic system (floating raft system) and their post-harvest performance. Twenty-three days after transplantation, productivity, morpho-physiological performance, and mineral profile (by ion chromatography) were evaluated. At 3, 6, and 9 days after harvest, the loss of water from the from leaves stored at 10 °C in the dark was evaluated. Although the total fresh production of Thai, Mexican, and Genovese did not differ significantly, the latter provided a higher fresh leaf weight (16.52 g of plant-1) despite a lower leaf number (30.06 n. of plant-1). Nine days after harvest, Thai and Mexican showed the lowest water loss. Although Mexican Purple had the lowest net CO2 assimilation, it accumulated the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (909.41 mg 100 g fw-1).
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12
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Spinazzè A, Spanu D, Della Bella P, Corti C, Borghi F, Fanti G, Cattaneo A, Wise WR, Davis SJ, Cavallo DM, Recchia S. On the Determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(III)-Rich Particulates: From the Failure of Official Methods to the Development of an Alternative Protocol. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12111. [PMID: 36231411 PMCID: PMC9564694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this work are the evaluation of the performances of official methods in the challenging determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(III)-rich particulate matter, and the development of a novel and robust analytical protocol for this issue. A liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry apparatus (LC-ICP-MS), together with an isotope-enriched spike addition technique, was used to allow the study of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) interconversions during the extraction step. An original separation strategy based on Cr(OH)3 head-column stacking was developed to tolerate high concentrations of Cr(III) (up to 10 mg/kg, with a Cr(VI) limit of detection of 0.51 µg/kg) without the need of any sample pretreatment. After observing, the official extraction protocols always yield false positive values in the challenging situation of particulate matter of leather industries (where huge amounts of Cr(III) are present), a new extraction strategy was developed. The novel procedure involves a 48-h extraction at room temperature using a pH-8 phosphate buffer, which demonstrated that no Cr(III)/Cr(VI) interconversions occur during this phase. To get rid of any possible interference caused by co-extracted substances, the measurement of the redox potential, together with the addition of a Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox buffer was performed to fix chromium speciation during the overall analytical protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spinazzè
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Davide Spanu
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Pietro Della Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Cristina Corti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche ed Applicate, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fanti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - William Robert Wise
- Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
| | - Stefan John Davis
- Institute for Creative Leather Technologies, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
| | - Domenico Maria Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Sandro Recchia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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13
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Wen Z, Wolfs K, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Determination of Inorganic Ions in Parenteral Nutrition Solutions by Ion Chromatography. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165266. [PMID: 36014505 PMCID: PMC9416023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, simple and sensitive ion chromatography (IC) method for the determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and chloride in a parenteral nutrition (PN) solution was developed and validated. Before sample analysis, a sample pretreatment by calcination was applied which could totally remove interference from other constituents of the PN solution. Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and sodium hydroxide were used as the mobile phase for the determination of cations and anions, respectively. The calibration curves showed good correlation between analyte peak area and concentration (r2 > 0.999). Detection limits ranged from 0.0001 to 0.02 mg/L and quantification limits from 0.0002 to 0.06 mg/L. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values for repeatability and inter-day precision did not exceed 1.0% and the recoveries for all analytes were between 99.1−101.1%. The robustness was verified by using an experimental design.
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14
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Patil S, Rohrer J. A fast, single column high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection method for determination of saccharides in atmospheric aerosol samples. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3422-3430. [PMID: 35839084 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Saccharides, especially anhydro sugars present in atmospheric aerosols, can be used as tracers to track sources of atmospheric aerosol. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection is a commonly used technique for determining these saccharides, but the reported methods suffer from three drawbacks. One, to achieve separation of the complete set of atmospheric saccharides, run times are very long, typically longer than 60 minutes. Two, some methods require two columns to achieve the desired separation. Finally, in an era when electrolytic eluent preparation allows for excellent precision and accuracy, these methods require manually prepared eluents, which can lead to separation inconsistency for closely eluting analytes. These drawbacks make existing methods difficult to automate. To address this issue, we developed a fast method that uses only a single column for separation, and electrolytically generated eluent that resolves 12 key atmospheric aerosol saccharides in 20 minutes. The resolved saccharides include anhydro sugars (levoglucosan, galactosan, and mannosan), sugar alcohols (erythritol, xylitol, and mannitol), and mono-/disaccharides (arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, fructose, and sucrose). To our knowledge this report is the first instance of achieving such significant reduction in run time with good resolution for this set of saccharides. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Patil
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA
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15
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Campbell J, Battaglia M, Dingilian K, Cesler-Maloney M, St Clair JM, Hanisco TF, Robinson E, DeCarlo P, Simpson W, Nenes A, Weber RJ, Mao J. Source and Chemistry of Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in Fairbanks, Alaska. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7657-7667. [PMID: 35544773 PMCID: PMC9227704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fairbanks, Alaska, is a subarctic city with fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations that exceed air quality regulations in winter due to weak dispersion caused by strong atmospheric inversions, local emissions, and the unique chemistry occurring under the cold and dark conditions. Here, we report on observations from the winters of 2020 and 2021, motivated by our pilot study that showed exceptionally high concentrations of fine particle hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) or related sulfur(IV) species (e.g., sulfite and bisulfite). We deployed online particle-into-liquid sampler-ion chromatography (PILS-IC) in conjunction with a suite of instruments to determine HMS precursors (HCHO, SO2) and aerosol composition in general, with the goal to characterize the sources and sinks of HMS in wintertime Fairbanks. PM2.5 HMS comprised a significant fraction of PM2.5 sulfur (26-41%) and overall PM2.5 mass concentration of 2.8-6.8% during pollution episodes, substantially higher than what has been observed in other regions, likely due to the exceptionally low temperatures. HMS peaked in January, with lower concentrations in December and February, resulting from changes in precursors and meteorological conditions. Strong correlations with inorganic sulfate and organic mass during pollution events suggest that HMS is linked to processes responsible for poor air quality episodes. These findings demonstrate unique aspects of air pollution formation in cold and humid atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
R. Campbell
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Michael Battaglia
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kayane Dingilian
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Meeta Cesler-Maloney
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Jason M. St Clair
- Atmospheric
Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
- Joint
Center for Earth Systems Technology, University
of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States
| | - Thomas F. Hanisco
- Atmospheric
Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States
| | - Ellis Robinson
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Peter DeCarlo
- Department
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - William Simpson
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Center for
the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture,
Civil and Environmental Engineering, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School
of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jingqiu Mao
- Geophysical
Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
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16
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Gil R, Amorim CG, Cuartero M. Addressing the Detection of Ammonium Ion in Environmental Water Samples via Tandem Potentiometry- Ion Chromatography. ACS Meas Sci Au 2022; 2:199-207. [PMID: 35726251 PMCID: PMC9204817 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An analytical methodology for detecting ammonium ion (NH4 +) in environmental water through potentiometry-ion chromatography (IC) in tandem is presented here. A multielectrode flow cell is implemented as a potentiometric detector after chromatographic separation of cations in the sample. The electrodes are fabricated via miniaturized all-solid-state configuration, using a nonactin-based plasticized polymeric membrane as the sensing element. The overall analytical setup is based on an injection valve, column, traditional conductometric detector, and new potentiometric detector (in that order), permitting the characterization of the analytical performance of the potentiometric detector while validating the results. The limit of detection was found to be ca. 3 × 10-7 M NH4 + concentration after linearization of the potentiometric response, and intra- and interelectrode variations of <10% were observed. Importantly, interference from other cations was suppressed in the tandem potentiometry-IC, and thus, the NH4 + content in fresh- and seawater samples from different locations was successfully analyzed. This analytical technology demonstrated a great potential for the reliable monitoring of NH4 + at micromolar levels, in contrast to the conductivity detector and previously reported NH4 + potentiometric sensors functioning in batch mode or even coupled with IC. Additionally, the suitability of the potentiometric cell for selective multi-ion analysis in the same sample, i.e., Na+, NH4 +, and K+ in water, has been proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato
L. Gil
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia G. Amorim
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Zhang J, Hungerford NL, Yates HSA, Smith TJ, Fletcher MT. How is Trehalulose Formed by Australian Stingless Bees? - An Intermolecular Displacement of Nectar Sucrose. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6530-6539. [PMID: 35584080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trehalulose, a rare sucrose isomer, is a dominant sugar in stingless bee honey, with traces of the trisaccharide erlose. Incubating sucrose solutions with macerated stingless bee parts (head, thorax, and abdomen) from Tetragonula carbonaria, we observed that sucrose isomerization occurs predominantly in the head incubations, with trehalulose constituting 76.2-80.0% of total detected sugar. By contrast, sucrose hydrolysis occurred in stingless bee abdomen incubations, with glucose and fructose observed as 48.6-51.7% and 48.3-49.7%, respectively, of total detected sugar. Incubating glucose/fructose (1:1) solutions with any bee part did not result in trehalulose formation. In addition, by tracing the 13C isotope-labeled monosaccharide moieties throughout the isomerization from sucrose to trehalulose and erlose, for the first time, the mechanism was established as an enzymatic double displacement reaction. Sucrose acts as a glucose donor giving a β-d-glucosyl enzyme intermediate with fructose release as demonstrated by mixed isotope products. Glucosylation of fructose (inter- or intramolecularly) with isomerization forms trehalulose (favorable), while glucosylation of sucrose forms erlose (less favorable).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Natasha L Hungerford
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Hans S A Yates
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Tobias J Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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18
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Gong R, Luo Z, Wang Y, Shen M. Simultaneous analysis of 6 inorganic anions in urine by double-suppress ion exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2366-2374. [PMID: 35396798 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to establish a simple, rapid, and accurate ion chromatography approach for simultaneous detection of 6 inorganic anions in urine. Various performance parameters affecting the determination of anions were optimized, including the selection of sample protein precipitation agent, eluent, and flow rate. The final eluent was 3.6 mmol/L sodium carbonate and 12% isopropanol with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Acetonitrile was used for pretreatment to precipitate proteins, and the volume ratio of urine to acetonitrile was 1:4. The correlation coefficient of the target anion calibration curve ranged from 0.9973 to 0.9999. The limit of detection ranged from 1.50 to 12.0 μg/L, and the method detection limit ranged from 15.0 to 120 μg/L. The standard recovery rate for low, medium, and high concentrations ranged from 90 to 110%. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were < 5%. The method has high accuracy and good reproducibility, and is suitable for the separation and determination of anions in urine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomei Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Mei Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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19
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Lace A, Byrne A, Bluett S, Malaquin L, Raimbault V, Courson R, Hayat Z, Moore B, Murray E. Ion chromatograph with three-dimensional printed absorbance detector for indirect ultraviolet absorbance detection of phosphate in effluent and natural waters. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1042-1050. [PMID: 34997662 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An ion chromatography system employing a low-cost three-dimensional printed absorbance detector for indirect ultraviolet detection towards portable phosphate analysis of environmental and industrial waters has been developed. The optical detection cell was fabricated using stereolithography three-dimensional printing of nanocomposite material. Chromatographic analysis and detection of phosphate were carried out using a CS5A 4 × 250 mm analytical column with indirect ultraviolet detection using a 255 nm light-emitting diode. Isocratic elution using a 0.6 mM potassium phthalate eluent combined with 1.44 mM sodium bicarbonate was employed at a flow rate of 0.75 ml/min. A linear calibration range of 0.5 to 30 mg/L PO4 3- applicable to environmental and wastewater analysis was achieved. For retention time and peak area repeatability, relative standard deviation values were 0.68% and 4.09%, respectively. Environmental and wastewater samples were analyzed with the optimized ion chromatography platform and the results were compared to values obtained by an accredited ion chromatograph. For the analysis of environmental samples, relative errors of <14 % were achieved. Recovery analysis was also carried out on both freshwater and wastewater samples and recovery results were within the acceptable range for water analysis using standard ion chromatography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annija Lace
- Research and Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd., Tullow, Ireland
| | - Aideen Byrne
- Research and Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd., Tullow, Ireland
| | - Simon Bluett
- Research and Development, Aquamonitrix Ltd., Carlow, Ireland
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- Laboratory of Analysis and Architecture of Systems, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Raimbault
- Laboratory of Analysis and Architecture of Systems, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Courson
- Laboratoire Détection, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Capteurs et Mesures (REM-RDT-LDCM), Brest, France
| | - Zain Hayat
- Laboratory of Analysis and Architecture of Systems, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Breda Moore
- Research and Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd., Tullow, Ireland
| | - Eoin Murray
- Research and Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd., Tullow, Ireland.,Research and Development, Aquamonitrix Ltd., Carlow, Ireland
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20
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Sim J, Kim M, Kim S, Yang W. A novel method for cyanide quantification in human whole blood using ion chromatography with amperometric detection and its application to cyanide intoxication cases. J Forensic Sci 2021; 67:353-357. [PMID: 34585376 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic agent that has been frequently used for suicide in South Korea. It is also used in various industrial fields, such as metal plating, in which many accidental cyanide intoxications have occurred. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional cyanide analysis methods, a simple and fast method for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood using ion chromatography (IC) with amperometric detection was developed in this study. Whole blood samples were deproteinized, diluted, and analyzed using an IC-amperometric detection system. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2 to 50 mg/L with R2 > 0.99. The intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy values were <10%. The established method was successfully applied to analyze whole blood samples from three cyanide intoxication cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Sim
- National Forensic Service, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Minyoul Kim
- National Forensic Service, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Suncheun Kim
- National Forensic Service, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea
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21
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Hungerford NL, Zhang J, Smith TJ, Yates HSA, Chowdhury SA, Carter JF, Carpinelli de Jesus M, Fletcher MT. Feeding Sugars to Stingless Bees: Identifying the Origin of Trehalulose-Rich Honey Composition. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:10292-10300. [PMID: 34382780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial disaccharide, trehalulose, is a feature of stingless bee honey, while not dominant in any other foods. By experimentally feeding sugar solutions to confined colonies of the Australian stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria, the origin of trehalulose has now been established. Complete conversion of fed sucrose was observed, by analysis of the honey, forming trehalulose (64-72%) with lesser erlose (18-23%), fructose (9-12%), and minor glucose detected. Remarkably, feeding solutions of glucose/fructose (1:1) mixtures did not result in trehalulose/erlose formation. Hence, stingless bees with natural access to floral nectar high in sucrose will produce honey high in trehalulose, with its associated beneficial properties. Any temptation to artificially increase trehalulose content by feeding sucrose to stingless bees would produce "fake" honey lacking key natural phytochemicals available to the foraging bee. The sucrose-fed fake and natural honey were however readily distinguished via isotope ratio mass spectrometry δ13C values, to combat such potential indirect adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Hungerford
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tobias J Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hans S A Yates
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Sadia A Chowdhury
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - James F Carter
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | | | - Mary T Fletcher
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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22
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Jaszczak-Wilke E, Kozioł K, Kiełbratowska B, Polkowska Ż. Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:4672. [PMID: 34361828 PMCID: PMC8348170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The parents' addictions and eating habits have a significant influence on the child's growth. The first stool of a newborn baby provides a large amount of information about xenobiotics transmitted by the mother's body. The analytical technique used in the study is ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). The biological samples, which were obtained from women staying in a maternity ward and their partners, revealed cyanide concentrations in urine samples spanning 1.30-25.3 μg L-1. Meanwhile, the results of the meconium samples were in the range of 1.54 μg L-1 to 24.9 μg L-1. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, the IC-PAD system exhibited satisfactory repeatability (R < 3%, n = 3) and good linearity in the range of 1-100 μg L-1. Thus, it proved to be an effective tool for monitoring trace cyanide concentration in a series of human body fluid matrices, including meconium. Based on the literature review, this is the first application of the IC-PAD analytical technique for the determination of cyanide ions in meconium samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.J.-W.); (K.K.)
| | - Krystyna Kozioł
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.J.-W.); (K.K.)
| | - Bogumiła Kiełbratowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.J.-W.); (K.K.)
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23
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Kočar D, Köse S, Tufan B, Ščavničar A, Pompe M. Determination of Biogenic Amines in Fresh Fish and Processed Fish Products Using IC-MS/MS. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081746. [PMID: 34441524 PMCID: PMC8393389 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method was proposed for the determination of underivatized biogenic amines based on ion-exchange chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. The method was applied to the analysis of 10 biogenic amines in fresh and processed fish products. The amines were extracted from muscle tissue with water without any additional derivative step or sample clean-up. Separation of biogenic amines was done by the IonPac (4 × 50 mm) column, applying a gradient eluent by mixing formic acid (2 mol L−1) and Milli-Q water (formic acid concentration from 400 mM to 2 M). The results demonstrated a linear response in the range of 0.01 to 10 mg L−1. The detection limits for the fish products ranged from 20 ng/g up to around 400 ng/g for histamine and putrescine, respectively. Spermidine and spermine showed significantly higher detection limits. This current method can be used for the determination of biogenic amines in both fresh and processed fish products for regulatory purposes and monitoring food-safety issues relating to these amines, particularly histamine. It is also a useful method for evaluation of other commercial analytical test kits and commonly used methods that are possibly affected by the food matrix due to processing or other drawbacks arising from the derivatization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Kočar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sevim Köse
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Camburnu, 61530 Trabzon, Turkey; (S.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Bekir Tufan
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Camburnu, 61530 Trabzon, Turkey; (S.K.); (B.T.)
| | - Andrej Ščavničar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (M.P.)
| | - Matevž Pompe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (M.P.)
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Mohana Rangan S, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Delgado AG. An Ion Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Chromate, Arsenate, Selenate, Perchlorate, and Other Inorganic Anions in Environmental Media. Environ Eng Sci 2021; 38:626-634. [PMID: 34316248 PMCID: PMC8312025 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2020.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) (VI) is a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic water pollutant. The standard ion chromatography (IC) method for quantification of Cr (VI) in water samples is Environmental Protection Agency Method 218.7, which requires postcolumn derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and UV-Vis spectroscopy detection. Method 218.7 is Cr (VI) specific; thus, it does not allow detection of co-occurring natural and anthropogenic anions in environmental media. In this study, we developed an isocratic IC method with suppressed conductivity detection, a Metrohm Metrosep A Supp 7 column, and sodium carbonate/acetonitrile as mobile phase for simultaneous quantification of Cr (VI),C l O 4 - , As (V) as arsenate, Se (VI) as selenate, and the common anions F-, Cl-,N O 2 - ,N O 3 - , andS O 4 2 - . The determination coefficient for every analyte was >0.99 and the method showed good accuracy in quantification. Cr (VI), As (V), Se (VI), andC l O 4 - limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.1-0.6 μg/L and 0.5-2.1 μg/L, respectively. Recovery of Cr (VI) in various aqueous samples (tap water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater) was between 97.2% and 102.8%. Overall, most analytes showed acceptable recovery (80-120%) in the environmental samples tested. The IC method was applied to track Cr (VI) and other anion concentrations in laboratory batch microcosms experiments with soil, surface water, and anaerobic medium. The IC method developed in this study should prove useful to environmental practitioners, academic and research organizations, and industries for monitoring low concentrations of multiple anions in environmental media, helping to decrease the sample requirement, time, and cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsan Mohana Rangan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Anca G. Delgado
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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25
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Xue Y, Bello A, Bello D. Characterization and Quantitation of Personal Exposures to Epoxy Paints in Construction Using a Combination of Novel Personal Samplers and Analytical Techniques: CIP-10MI, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Ion Chromatography. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:539-553. [PMID: 33734284 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are extremely versatile products that are widely used in construction for coatings, adhesives, primers, and sealers. Occupational exposures to epoxies cause allergic contact dermatitis, occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (epoxy-resin lung) and acute decline in lung function. Despite these health concerns, there is a striking paucity of quantitative exposure data to epoxy resins in construction. The lack of practical analytical methods and suitable personal samplers for monitoring of reactive two-component epoxide systems in real-world applications has been an unmet challenge for decades. Sampling and analysis methods for epoxies should be able to collect the paint aerosols efficiently, stop polymerization reactions at the time of sample collection, and subsequently provide detailed multispecies characterization of epoxides, as well as the total epoxide group (TEG) content of a sample, to properly document the chemical composition of exposures to epoxide paints. In this work, we present the development and application of two new complementary quantitative analytical methods-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with online ultraviolet detection and ion chromatography (IC)-for multispecies characterization of raw products, as well as inhalation and skin exposures to epoxy formulations in real-world construction applications. A novel personal sampler, CIP-10MI, was used for personal sampling of airborne epoxies. We report for the first time the results of personal inhalation and potential skin exposures to individual monomers and oligomers of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), as well as TEG, during metal structure coatings in construction; compare analytical results of the two analytical methods; and provide recommendations for method selection in future field studies. High inhalation and potential skin exposures to epoxies point to the need for interventions to reduce exposures among painters in construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Olney Hall 525, One University Ave. Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Anila Bello
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder St., O'Leary 540D, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan Hall 108C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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26
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Mousa A, Basheer C, Abdullah M, Al-Rimawi F. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticle-coated electro-membrane extraction of perchlorate in different seafood samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5196. [PMID: 34115393 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work we developed a rapid and straightforward technique in which biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were coated on a porous membrane utilizing electrical potential to extract perchlorate from seafood samples. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs were well characterized using UV-Vis. spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. After extraction, analyses were performed using ion chromatography. The Ag-NP-coated porous polypropylene membrane shows higher extraction efficiency due to the high electrical conductivity of the Ag-NPs. The performance of this efficient technique was compared with those previously reported in the literature. The extraction variables that affect extraction of the target analyte and influence percentage recovery, such as pH of the sample solution, extraction time, and applied voltage, were investigated and optimized. The results demonstrated optimum conditions to achieve low detection limits [LODs (limits of detection)]: sample solution (pH = 6), short extraction time (10 min), and applied voltage (5 V). The developed method shows excellent linearity for perchlorate ion in the range from 0.001 to 350 μg L-1 with a coefficient of determination (r2 ) of 0.9991. The detection limit (LODs) and quantification limits (limits of quantification) were found to be 0.04 and 0.1225 μg kg-1 , respectively. The mean recovery percentages for three replicates of 10 different spiked fish samples by 3 μg g-1 of perchlorate were between 92.2 and 106.2%, with an observed relative standard deviation in the range of 0.8-3.7%. The proposed method is rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and highly effective in extracting perchlorate from different seafood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amayreh Mousa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chanbasha Basheer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Al-Rimawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
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27
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Cheung HF, Coman C, Westhoff P, Manke M, Sickmann A, Borst O, Gawaz M, Watson SP, Heemskerk JWM, Ahrends R. Targeted Phosphoinositides Analysis Using High-Performance Ion Chromatography-Coupled Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3114-3123. [PMID: 33938762 PMCID: PMC8280744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are minor components of cell membranes, but play crucial roles in numerous signal transduction pathways. To obtain quantitative measures of phosphoinositides, sensitive, accurate, and comprehensive methods are needed. Here, we present a quantitative targeted ion chromatography-mass spectrometry-based workflow that separates phosphoinositide isomers and increases the quantitative accuracy of measured phosphoinositides. Besides testing different analytical characteristics such as extraction and separation efficiency, the reproducibility of the developed workflow was also investigated. The workflow was verified in resting and stimulated human platelets, fat cells, and rat hippocampal brain tissue, where the LOD and LOQ for phosphoinositides were at 312.5 and 625 fmol, respectively. The robustness of the workflow is shown with different applications that confirms its suitability to analyze multiple less-abundant phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire
Yam Fung Cheung
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College
of Medical and Dental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Coman
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mailin Manke
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College
of Medical and Dental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department
of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
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Knežević L, Omanović D, Bačić N, Mandić J, Bura-Nakić E. Redox Speciation of Vanadium in Estuarine Waters Using Improved Methodology Based on Anion Exchange Chromatography Coupled to HR ICP-MS System. Molecules 2021; 26:2436. [PMID: 33922063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved methodology was developed for V redox speciation in estuarine waters using a hyphenated technique consisting of ion chromatograph (IC) with an anion exchange column and a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (HR ICP-MS). This approach enables the direct determination of V(V), whereas reduced species (mainly V(IV)) are calculated by subtracting V(V) concentrations from the measured total V concentration. Based on the “on-column” V(V) chelation mechanism by EDTA, with the eluent composed of 40 mmol L−1 ammonium bicarbonate, 40 mmol L−1 ammonium sulphate, 8 mmol L−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 3% acetonitrile, the method was successfully used for analyses of V redox speciation in samples taken in the vertical salinity gradient of the highly stratified Krka River estuary. Due to the matrix effects causing different sensitivities, a standard addition method was used for V(V) quantification purposes. The limit of detection (LOD) was also found to be matrix related: 101.68 ng L−1 in the seawater and 30.56 µg L−1 in the freshwater. Performed stability tests showed that V redox speciation is preserved at least 7 days in un-treated samples, possibly due to the stabilization of V-reduced species with natural organic matter (NOM). The dominant V form in the analysed samples was V(V) with the reduced V(IV) accounting for up to 26% of the total dissolved pool. The concentration of V(IV) was found to correlate negatively with the oxygen concentration. Significant removal of dissolved V was detected in oxygen depleted zones possibly related to the particle scavenging.
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29
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Kwiezinski C, Weller C, van Pinxteren D, Brüggemann M, Mertes S, Stratmann F, Herrmann H. Determination of highly polar compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles at ultra-trace levels using ion chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2343-2357. [PMID: 33822470 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A method using ion chromatography coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry was developed to quantify highly-polar organic compounds in aqueous filter extracts of atmospheric particles. In total, 43 compounds, including short-chain carboxylic acids, terpene-derived acids, organosulfates, and inorganic anions were separated within 33 min by a KOH gradient. Ionization by electrospray was maximized by adding 100 µL min-1 isopropanol as post-column solvent and optimizing the ion source settings. Detection limits (S/N ≥ 3) were in the range of 0.075-25 μg L-1 and better than previously reported for 22 compounds. Recoveries of extraction typically range from 85 to 117%. The developed method was applied to three ambient samples, including two arctic flight samples, and one sample from Melpitz, a continental backround research site. A total of 32 different compounds were identified for all samples. From the arctic flight samples, organic tracers could be quantified for the first time with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 17.8 ng m-3 . Due to the minimal sample preparation, the beneficial figures of merit, and the broad range of accessible compounds, including very polar ones, the new method offers advantages over existing ones and enables a detailed analysis of organic marker compounds in atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Kwiezinski
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Dominik van Pinxteren
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Brüggemann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Mertes
- Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysics Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Prystupa A, Sak J, Kiciński P, Stenzel-Bembenek A, Błażewicz A. Serum Concentration of Fluoride in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis from the Lublin Region in Eastern Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18031115. [PMID: 33513857 PMCID: PMC7908415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In view of previous reports, it is important to determine the relationship between liver function and the level of fluoride in the serum. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of fluoride in 72 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, living in the region of Lublin (Eastern Poland) divided based on the severity of disease according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh criteria. Higher plasma fluoride concentrations were associated with changes in liver related parameters. In all groups of analyzed patients with different stages of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, elevated levels of plasma fluoride and increased activities of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin concentration were shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Prystupa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Sak
- Chair and Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Kiciński
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Stenzel-Bembenek
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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31
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Xiao Z, Wang J, Guo J, Suo D, Wang S, Tian J, Guo L, Fan X. Quantitative selenium speciation in feed by enzymatic probe sonication and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:268-279. [PMID: 33405994 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1849820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and species preservative analytical method for the simultaneous determination of six selenium (Se) species has been developed. Enzymatic probe sonication (EPS) was investigated as a novel and alternative technology for the extraction of Se species from feed matrices and the results were compared with the conventional hot water extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and sequential extraction. The critical parameters of EPS such as enzyme types, extraction time, temperature, ultrasonic power and sample/enzyme ratio were varied with control. The Se species were separated and quantitatively determined by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). Under current optimised conditions, six inorganic and organic Se species were completely separated within 15 min in a single chromatographic run. The spectral interferences from the argon plasma 40Ar2, 40Ar37Cl or 1H79Br were effectively removed by employing the kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode. Quantitative extraction for total Se (>94.8%) and more than 89.0% for the sum of different Se chemical forms without species transformation were obtained in only 60 s by applying the EPS treatment using aqueous protease XIV. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for Se species were in the ranges of 0.21-0.56 µg kg-1 and 0.69-1.87 µg kg-1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the speciation of Se in several reference materials and feed samples collected from the markets and local farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xiao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jitong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Feed Control , Beijing, China
| | - Jiangpeng Guo
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry , Beijing, China
| | - Decheng Suo
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xia Fan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, China
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32
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Kyriacou MC, Antoniou C, Rouphael Y, Graziani G, Kyratzis A. Mapping the Primary and Secondary Metabolomes of Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) Fruit and Its Postharvest Antioxidant Potential at Critical Stages of Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:57. [PMID: 33466561 PMCID: PMC7824902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six critical stages corresponding to major morphophysiological events in carob fruit ripening were defined, and changes in the primary and secondary metabolome and in vitro antioxidant capacity were examined in two genotypes collected at low (15 m) and high (510 m) altitudes from genetically identified and georeferenced trees. Soluble carbohydrates were analyzed by HPLC-RI, macro-minerals by ion chromatography coupled to conductivity detection and polyphenols by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS. spectroscopy facilitated assays for condensed tannins and in vitro free-radical scavenging capacity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The fruit respiration rate and moisture content declined sharply during the transition from the breaker to green pedicel stage. Sugar accumulation spiked at the onset of fruit coloration and culminated at 498.7 ± 8.4 mg g-1 dry weight (dw) in the late ripe stage, while the ratio of reducing sugars to sucrose decreased from 3.45 ± 0.32 to 0.41 ± 0.02. The total phenolic compounds and condensed tannins declined with ripening, particularly during the transition from the breaker to green pedicel stage. Eighteen polyphenols were identified and quantitated, with catechins and hydrolyzable tannins being dominant until the onset of fruit coloration. The transition to the green pedicel stage signaled a precipitous decline (90.9%) in catechins, hydrolyzable tannins (60.2%) and flavonol glycosides (52.1%) concomitant to the rise in gallic acid, which was putatively fueled by the enzymatic hydrolysis of gallotannins in immature fruit. Catechins, hydrolyzable tannins and flavone glycosides were more abundant at higher altitudes and gallic acid at lower altitudes. An antioxidant capacity was also favored by higher elevations and declined with ripening, particularly after the breaker stage. Correlations with FRAP and DPPH assays were significant for the total phenolic content, condensed tannins, catechins and hydrolyzable tannins. The highest correlation factors were obtained for epigallocatechin-gallate (r = 0.920 and r = 0.900; p < 0.01). Although the sharp drop in hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable tannins and catechins compromised the in vitro antioxidant capacity at physiological maturity, it also reduced the astringency and configured a palatable organoleptic fruit profile. These changes unraveled significant episodes in the ripening-related secondary metabolism of the carob fruit. They further highlighted the value of immature carob as a potent source of gallotannins, with putative in vivo anti-inflammatory action, and of catechins beneficial in preventing and protecting against diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C. Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelos Kyratzis
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.A.); (A.K.)
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Gasparini M, Angelone B, Ferretti E. Glyphosate and other highly polar pesticides in fruit, vegetables and honey using ion chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry: Method validation and its applicability in an official laboratory. J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4624. [PMID: 32734699 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method, using ion chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry was developed and validated to quantify glyphosate, glufosinate, ethephon, fosetyl aluminium and their related metabolites. This method allows multiresidue analysis of 11 highly polar molecules in a single chromatographic run, without derivatization step, using acidified water with low level of acetonitrile as extraction solvent. Three different matrices that are representative of commodity group were studied and validated: one fruit (grapes), one cereal (wheat) and honey, according to the criteria established by SANTE/12682/2019 taking into account maximum residue limits indicated by Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005, confirming that the procedure was selective, repeatable and robust. Matrix effect was studied and linearity was evaluated comparing analytical response differences between solvent standard solutions and matrix-matched calibration curve. Due to the relevant matrix effect observed, the use of response factor (RF) approach to quantify analytical batch was evaluated, using isotopically labelled internal standardisation. The in-depth study, validation results and several proficiency tests, used to verify procedure performance, demonstrated that the method is fit for purpose to routine analysis in an official laboratory. Moreover, it allows surveillance activities in fruits and vegetables control, as indicated by European Community, furthermore monitoring presence of polar pesticides, at low level, in some particular food as honey that could become environmental pollution indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gasparini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", via Bianchi, 9, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Barbara Angelone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", via Bianchi, 9, Brescia, 25124, Italy
| | - Enrica Ferretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini", via Bianchi, 9, Brescia, 25124, Italy
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Huang B, Rohrer J. Targeted Quantitation Mode Comparison of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate, and Dalapon in Drinking Water Using Ion Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution (Orbitrap) Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1630:461538. [PMID: 32992219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective, sensitive, and simple analytical method for identification and quantification of nine haloacetic acids, bromate, and dalapon has been developed. This method uses ion chromatography (IC) coupled with electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-HRMS) to directly analyze water samples on a high capacity anion-exchange column, eliminating the need for sample pretreatment/derivatization. Our study compared the following three types of targeted quantitation experiments using a quadrupole-orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer, full-scan MS with data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry (full MS/dd-MS2 with inclusion list), targeted selected ion monitoring (SIM) with data-dependent tandem mass spectrometry (t-SIM/dd-MS2), and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision were validated following the guidelines of U.S. EPA Method 557. Single laboratory lowest concentration minimum reporting levels (LCMRLs) for the analytes using three different acquisition modes ranged from 0.0011 to 0.18 μg/L. All three quantitation modes showed good linearity for the eleven analytes with coefficients of determination of 0.9981- 0.9993. This IC-ESI-HRMS method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial bottled water, tap water from San Francisco Bay Area, and the same tap water that has been through a filtered drinking water faucet. Both t-SIM/dd-MS2 and PRM modes were sensitive to confirm the trace-level presence of all nine HAAs, bromate, and dalapon in the tap water sample. Full-scan HRMS data acquisition provided the benefits of simultaneous data collection for both targeted and non-targeted components, and thus, suitability for simultaneous quantification of an unlimited number of compounds. Data-dependent MS/MS (dd-MS2) product-ion spectra were used for confirmation. All three modes showed good quantitative performance and obtained similar values. Single laboratory precision and accuracy data are presented for three water matrices: reagent water, laboratory synthetic sample matrix (LSSM), and tap water. Single laboratory precision was 0.078- 8.04%, and accuracy was in the range 70-130% for the three MS modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Huang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1214 Oakmead Parkway, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Rohrer
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1214 Oakmead Parkway, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, United States
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Subhani Q, Muhammad N, Huang Z, Asif M, Hussain I, Zahid M, Hairong C, Zhu Y, Guo D. Simultaneous determination of acetamiprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples by using ion chromatography hyphenated to online photoinduced fluorescence detector. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3921-3930. [PMID: 32844548 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to introduce a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method for the simultaneous determination of acetamiprid and its main metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in environmental samples by using a nonsuppressed ion chromatography hyphenated with an online postcolumn photoinduced fluorescence detection system. The fluorescence detector wavelengths λex /λem = 257/382 nm was set for up to 6.0 min for acetamiprid, while λex /λem = 231/370 nm programmed for 6-chloronicotinic acid for the rest of the analysis time. Both samples were treated by applying miniaturized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method before the separation of analytes on an IonPac® AS11-HC column by pumping 40 mM NaOH having minuscule content of acetonitrile (5%, v/v) as an eluent. Both intrinsically nonfluorescent analytes were turned-on by online postcolumn photoinduced derivatization, avoiding the need for complex chemical derivatization or addition of a postcolumn extra pump. The developed method was appraised for the analysis of environmental samples, exhibiting excellent linearity (0.050-10 μg/mL) with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9993 for both analytes. Whereas, obtained limit of detection (0.025-0.0072 μg/mL), recoveries (98.02-116.00%), and inter- and intraday precision (≤3.02 %) were satisfactory for both compounds in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Subhani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Higher Education Department, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Nadeem Muhammad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Zhouman Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Cui Hairong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, P. R. China.,Ningbo University, Institution of drug discovery technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Shen M, Tu M, Zhang W, Zou J, Zhang M, Cao Z, Zou B. Ion chromatography as candidate reference method for the determination of chloride in human serum. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23296. [PMID: 32705715 PMCID: PMC7439436 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed an ion chromatography (IC) method for measurement of chloride in human serum which was regarded as a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive technique. The method will be hopefully selected as a candidate reference method. METHOD Serum aliquots of 0.1 mL were diluted 500 times with Milli-Q water, and chloride in serum samples was measured by IC with a gradient elution procedure using a KOH eluent generator. RESULTS Based on the data, chloride in human serum was well detected by IC. The calibration curve for chloride was linear in the concentration range from 0 to 0.42 mmol/L with a correlation coefficient of .99995 under the optimum experimental conditions. The chloride concentration had a good linear relationship with the peak areas of chloride. This method was sensitive because of the low limit of detection (LOD) and the low limit of quantification (LOQ) 9.87 × 10-5 mmol/L and 3.27 × 10-4 mmol/L, respectively. Besides, the method was highly precise with the within-run coefficient of variations (CVs) for the measurement of low, medium, and high concentration level samples 0.32%, 0.73%, and 0.50%. As for the evaluation of accuracy, the biases were less than ±1% and 2% by comparing with National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) standard material SRM 956d and 2013-2018 IFCC-RELA samples, respectively. Finally, the biases between IC method and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method were less than 1% which showed good agreement. CONCLUSION Ion chromatography is a simple sample treatment procedure for the determination of chloride in human serum with high sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method could be recommended as a candidate reference method for the determination of serum chloride in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd.NingboChina
- Department of Laboratory MedicineBeijing Shijitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Minmin Tu
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd.NingboChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd.NingboChina
| | - Jihua Zou
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd.NingboChina
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineBeijing Shijitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineBeijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Bingde Zou
- Reference LaboratoryMedicalSystem Biotechnology Co., Ltd.NingboChina
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Kataoka Y, Takeuchi A, Kobayashi H, Kikukawa K, Sato K, Akiyama H. [Surveillance of Chromium (VI) Concentrations in Mineral Water Products in 2018]. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2020; 61:72-76. [PMID: 32336712 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.61.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We used ion chromatography with post column derivatization to measure chromium (VI) concentrations in 155 mineral water (MW) products purchased from markets in Japan in 2018. Chromium (VI) recovery in spiked samples of the 155 MW products ranged from 95 to 106%, suggesting that this method is well suited for ensuring that MW products meet the requisite health and food safety standards. Chromium (VI) levels were above detection limits in 54 of the MW products, giving a total detection rate of 35%. The minimum and maximum chromium (VI) concentrations in all of the MW products were 0.0001 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L, respectively. The median chromium (VI) concentration was 0.0003 mg/L, with most MW products having chromium (VI) concentrations in the range of 0.0001 to 0.0002 mg/L. None of the MW products had chromium (VI) concentrations that exceeded the current standard value (0.05 mg/L) for MW in Japan.
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Abstract
Ion chromatography (IC) is a variant of high-performance liquid chromatography. Its most important applications include the determination of inorganic and some organic ions in different types of liquid samples. The development of new types of stationary phases with various separation mechanisms, sample preparation methods, and detection modes has extended ion chromatography applications to practically all ionic and ionogenic substances, as well as extending sample types to include gaseous and solid matrices. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are examples of compounds that are becoming more frequently analyzed using ion chromatography and related techniques. Their occurrence in the environment can be natural or anthropogenic in origin and are broadly used in various industries and daily life. This article discusses the applications of ion chromatography and related techniques for the determination of carboxylic acids in different types of liquid, solid, and gaseous matrices. It also presents detailed methodologies and literature data on this subject from the last 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmund Michalski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Kernert
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
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Abstract
With the continuous developments in stationary phase preparation technology and materials science, numerous modification methods and new materials have been employed for the functional modification of the polymer stationary phases in solid-phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography. In particular, because of their unique structure and properties, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers play an important role in improving the structure and performance of chromatographic separation materials. In this paper, the application of PAMAM to the modification of polymer-based chromatographic separation materials is reviewed, and further developments are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhi
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi He
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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Wrobel K, Karasiński J, Tupys A, Arroyo Negrete MA, Halicz L, Wrobel K, Bulska E. Magnesium-Isotope Fractionation in Chlorophyll-a Extracted from Two Plants with Different Pathways of Carbon Fixation (C3, C4). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071644. [PMID: 32260083 PMCID: PMC7181255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively few studies have been focused so far on magnesium–isotope fractionation during plant growth, element uptake from soil, root-to-leaves transport and during chlorophylls biosynthesis. In this work, maize and garden cress were hydroponically grown in identical conditions in order to examine if the carbon fixation pathway (C4, C3, respectively) might have impact on Mg-isotope fractionation in chlorophyll-a. The pigment was purified from plants extracts by preparative reversed phase chromatography, and its identity was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The green parts of plants and chlorophyll-a fractions were acid-digested and submitted to ion chromatography coupled through desolvation system to multiple collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Clear preference for heavy Mg-isotopes was found in maize green parts (∆26Mgplant-nutrient 0.65, 0.74 for two biological replicates, respectively) and in chlorophyll-a (∆26Mgchlorophyll-plant 1.51, 2.19). In garden cress, heavy isotopes were depleted in green parts (∆26Mgplant-nutrient (−0.87)–(−0.92)) and the preference for heavy isotopes in chlorophyll-a was less marked relative to maize (∆26Mgchlorophyll-plant 0.55–0.52). The observed effect might be ascribed to overall higher production of energy in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), required for carbon fixation in C4 compared to C3, which could reduce kinetic barrier and make equilibrium fractionation prevailing during magnesium incorporation to protoporphyrin ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wrobel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; (J.K.); (A.T.); (L.H.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.A.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (E.B.); Tel.: +52-473-732-7555 (K.W.); +48-22-552-6522 (E.B.)
| | - Jakub Karasiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; (J.K.); (A.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Andrii Tupys
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; (J.K.); (A.T.); (L.H.)
| | | | - Ludwik Halicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; (J.K.); (A.T.); (L.H.)
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Y. Leybowitz st., 9692100 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Chemistry Department, University of Guanajuato, L. de Retana 5, 36000 Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.A.N.)
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland; (J.K.); (A.T.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (E.B.); Tel.: +52-473-732-7555 (K.W.); +48-22-552-6522 (E.B.)
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Shendi AM, Davenport A. The difference between delivered and prescribed dialysate sodium in haemodialysis machines. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:863-868. [PMID: 33777369 PMCID: PMC7986319 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The choice of dialysate sodium (DNa) for haemodialysis (HD) patients remains controversial, with some studies reporting that a lower DNa improves blood pressure control and reduces intradialytic weight gain. Studies on DNa depend on the alignment of programmed to delivered DNa. We wished to determine whether there were differences between programmed and delivered DNa. Methods Dialysate samples were obtained from three dialysis machines: Fresenius 4008H (F4008H) and 5008S (F5008S) and B-Braun hemodiafiltration (HDF) Dialog+(BB). DNa was measured by indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE), flame photometry (FP) and ion chromatography (IC) at different DNa concentrations. Results We tested 18 F5008S, 18 F4008H and 31 BB machines over 153 HD treatments. The median measured minus programmed DNa was significantly greater with the BB machine [ISE, 7 (6–8); FP, 7 (6–8); IC, 6 (5–7)], followed by the F4008H [ISE, 5.5 (5–7); FP, 4 (2.25–5.75); IC, 4 (2–5)]and F5008S [ISE, 4 (2–5); FP, 1 (−1–1.75); IC, 1 (−0.5 to 2)] mEq/L (P < 0.05). At higher programmed DNa (140–145 mEq/L), measured DNa was greater for the BB and F4008 machines by all methods (P < 0.05), but only by ISE for the F5008 (P < 0.05). Conclusions We noted a systematic bias in DNa delivery with measured DNa being greater than that programmed by our HD machines. The magnitude of the bias varied between machines and with DNa. Our results may help explain the diverse results reported in studies of DNa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Shendi
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Davenport
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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Li XJ, Shi XW, Ma Y, Zheng J. [Characterization, Seasonal Variation, and Source Apportionments of Particulate Amines (PM 2.5) in Northern Suburb of Nanjing]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:537-553. [PMID: 32608713 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201908212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 samples were collected from December 2017 to November 2018 at a northern suburb site of Nanjing. The concentrations of five amines, major water-soluble ions, organic carbon, and elemental carbon were determined. The five amines measured were methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and aniline. The annual average of the total amine concentration was (54.2±29.2) ng·m-3. Among these, dimethylamine was the most abundant[annual average:(20.2±13.7) ng·m-3], followed by methylamine[annual average:(13.1±6.3) ng·m-3], trimethylamine[annual average:(8.6±4.1) ng·m-3], ethylamine[annual average:(6.3±4.1) ng·m-3], and aniline[annual average:(5.9±3.9) ng·m-3]. The total amine concentration showed explicit seasonal variations:summer > autumn > spring > winter. The amine concentration on polluted days was higher than that on clean days. This may be influenced by aerosol acidity, promoting the partitioning of gaseous amine into the particulate phase. Aerosol acidity was also the major reason for the higher concentration of amine observed in summer than in other seasons. During new particle formation events, the concentrations of amines increased substantially. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was utilized to identify the potential sources of amines, identifying six sources:industrial emission, agriculture emission, biomass burning, automobile emission, secondary formation, and dust. Methylamine and ethylamine mainly originated from secondary formation and automobile emissions. Dimethylamine and trimethylamine mainly originated from biomass burning, secondary formation, and automobile emissions; Aniline mainly originated from industrial emissions and biomass burning. A significant seasonal difference is observed with respect to the sources of amines. In spring and autumn, road dust sources account for a relatively high proportion. In summer, secondary sources are the main sources of amines. However, the diurnal variations of amine are not evident, and the secondary source, motor vehicle emission, and biomass combustion are the three main influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210044, China
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Duan GY, Ren Y, Tang Y, Sun YZ, Chen YM, Wan PY, Yang XJ. Improving the Reliability and Accuracy of Ammonia Quantification in Electro- and Photochemical Synthesis. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:88-96. [PMID: 31638336 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reliable and accurate quantification of ammonia in electrochemical and photochemical experiments has been a technical challenge owing to the extremely low concentration of generated ammonia, interference from trace amounts of cations and organic compounds, and ammonia contamination from various sources. As a result, overestimation and significant errors may happen in many research works. Herein, accuracy and precision of ion chromatography (IC) are evaluated at different pH; excellent performance with a low detection limit (<2 μg L-1 ) under acidic and neutral conditions is found, whereas the linearity is unsatisfactory in the low NH4 + concentration range (0-100 μg L-1 ) under alkaline conditions. High concentrations of Li+ and Na+ are difficult to separate from NH4 + in conventional IC, but this can be solved by employing a high-exchange-capacity column or gradient elution. The interference effects of 14 common transition metal cations and 6 common organic compounds on the quantification of ammonium with low-level concentration (500 μg L-1 ) using IC are systematically investigated, and the results demonstrate good robustness. The overestimation caused by ammonia contamination from reagent water, surroundings, and even the analytical grade of inorganic and organic reagents are confirmed and the results indicate the necessity to prepare and test fresh electrolyte solutions before each experiment, owing to the high sensitivity of acidic and neutral solutions to ammonia contamination from the surroundings. The ammonization of a Nafion membrane during experiments and the underestimation in quantification are also discussed. Finally, a reliable level of synthesized ammonia is identified and some recommendations are presented to improve the reliability and accuracy of ammonia quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yi Duan
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis, Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ren
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis, Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yang Tang
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis, Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhi Sun
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis, Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yong Mei Chen
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis, Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yu Wan
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis, Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis, Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
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Kim HS, Koo YJ, Lee M, Pack EC, Jang DY, Lee SH, Lim KM, Choi DW. An optimised method for the rapid analysis of condensed phosphates in fishery and processed marine food products using ion chromatography and microwave sample processing. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:205-215. [PMID: 31990641 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1693634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Condensed phosphates are deliberately added to the fishery and processed marine food products on purpose to increase the weight of products. However, excessive intake overwhelming bodily homoeostasis can result in phosphate toxicity such as mineral and bone disorders, associated with chronic kidney diseases, and cardiovascular events. Rapid analysis for condensed phosphates is required to detect the illegal adulteration of processed marine products. We optimised an analytical method using ion chromatography for the rapid and selective detection of condensed phosphates in various kinds of fishery and processed marine products. We compared the performance of three columns (IonPac AS11, AS11-HC, and AS16) for the detection of condensed phosphates with respect to time of analysis and sensitivity. The IonPac AS11 column exhibited the shortest retention time for the major condensed phosphates (pyro-, tri-, and trimetaphosphate), the highest sensitivity for trimetaphosphate, and good repeatability and precision. Microwave and boiling processing were examined as methods to prevent hydrolysis of condensed phosphates into orthophosphate, which is critical in distinguishing intentionally added condensed phosphates from naturally occurring orthophosphate. Microwave treatment was determined to be the more effective method to suppress hydrolysis of condensed phosphates to orthophosphate. Furthermore, microwave processing could be used for thawing the frozen samples, saving extra effort and time. We confirmed that the method exhibits good recovery (80% or more) and precision (%RSD < 10%) for samples with various matrices. With the method, 14 kinds of fishery and processed marine food products were successfully analysed for condensed phosphates. Especially, we identified that phosphate levels in the processed shrimp and dried shredded squid samples exceeded the maximum allowable levels specified in the CODEX standard. We believe that our method would be useful for the rapid analysis of condensed phosphates in various types of fishery and processed marine food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Soo Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Koo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chul Pack
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Jang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Woong Choi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science,Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tatsi C, Toumba KJ. Effect of fluoride slow-release glass devices on salivary and gingival crevicular fluid levels of fluoride: A pilot study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:620-626. [PMID: 31890298 PMCID: PMC6934337 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To estimate the effect of fluoride slow-release glass devices on the levels of fluoride in a pooled sample of human gingival crevicular fluid and in human saliva. Materials and Methods Ten healthy adult volunteers wore fluoride slow-release glass devices for 3 months in a longitudinal experimental clinical pilot study. Whole unstimulated human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid were collected using paper points at baseline, after 2 weeks and at 3 months and analysed for their fluoride levels using ion chromatography and fluoride electrode. Results No adverse effects were reported, and the Löe Plaque and Gingival Index remained low (0.22). The saliva determination of fluoride using the fluoride electrode showed an increase after 3 months from 0.02 ± 0.04 ppm to 0.06 ± 0.12 ppm, whereas the ion chromatography showed an increase from 0.15 ± 0.10 ppm to 0.44 ± 0.36 ppm. The fluoride levels in a pooled sample of gingival crevicular fluid from four intraoral sites were determined using the ion chromatography, and the results showed that after 3 months, the fluoride levels were still low (0.71 ± 0.34 ppb) similar to those at baseline (0.74 ± 0.31 ppb). Conclusions The fluoride concentration in a pooled sample of gingival crevicular fluid was reported to be low with a range from 0.46 to 0.75 ppb and was not changed by placement of fluoride slow-release glass devices. The fluoride concentration in unstimulated human saliva showed an increase after 3 months when the fluoride slow-release glass devices were attached when determined with both the fluoride electrode (from .02 ± 0.04 ppm to 0.06 ± 0.12 ppm) and ion chromatography (from 0.15 ± 0.10 ppm to 0.44 ± 0.36 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Tatsi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds School of DentistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLUUK
| | - Kyriacos Jack Toumba
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds School of DentistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLUUK
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Yoshii S, Mori M, Kozaki D, Hosokawa T, Itabashi H. Utilization of Anion-exchange Guard Column as an Ion Chromatographic Column of Anions Including Application to Simultaneous Separation of Anions and Cations. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1117-1122. [PMID: 31231089 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that a guard column containing anion-exchange resin has the potential for use as a separation column for acid eluent. Specifically, a 1-cm long anion-exchange guard column with a 4.6-mm internal diameter provided good separation of monovalent inorganic anions, by elution of 8 mM tartaric acid or 4 mM malic acid. Using the guard column with acid eluent could be applied to evaluation of nitrite and nitrate ions in mountain and urban river water samples. When the guard column was connected in front of a cation-exchange separation column (15 cm long × 4.6 mm internal diameter) in a series, the system provided simultaneous separation of anions and cations in eluent of 8 mM tartaric acid and 0.5 mM 18-crown-6 ether by a single injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Yoshii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University
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Wen XZ, Yu H, Ma YJ. Separation and indirect ultraviolet detection of ferrous and trivalent iron ions by using ionic liquids in ion chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3432-3438. [PMID: 31538702 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A method of simultaneous separation and indirect ultraviolet detection of different valence iron ions Fe2+ and Fe3+ by using ionic liquids as mobile phase additives and ultraviolet absorption reagents on a cation exchange column functionalized with carboxylic acid group was developed. The effects of ionic liquids, organic acids, detection wavelength, etc. on separation and detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ were investigated and the mechanism was discussed. The pyridinium and imidazolium ionic liquids were not only ultraviolet absorption reagents of indirect ultraviolet detection but also effective components for separating Fe2+ and Fe3+ . The separation and detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ can be achieved using 0.5 mmol/L pyridinium ionic liquid-1.2 mmol/L methanesulfonic acid as the mobile phase. The determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 1-100 mg/L. The limits of detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ were 0.12 and 0.09 mg/L, respectively. This method was applied to the actual sample detection in the field of medical analysis. The spiked recoveries were between 97.3 and 99.5%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 0.6%. The method is simple, accurate, and reliable, and is an analytical method with universal and practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhu Wen
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Ma
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P. R. China
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Rivoira L, Castiglioni M, Bruzzoniti MC. Chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in four typical Italian cheeses: correlations with processing and nutritional characteristics through a chemometric approach. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4963-4968. [PMID: 30953346 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of biogenic amines (BAs) fermented food is well known. They may affect food quality, posing health risks. In this work, four typical Italian cheeses, exported worldwide, were analyzed to determine the possible presence of BAs. The cheese samples were analyzed untreated and having been subjected to common or incorrect consumer handling (domestic grating, unrefrigerated storage). RESULTS A chromatographic-amperometric method was developed and validated. Extraction of BAs was performed by the addition of eluent, determining matrix effect and recovery of biogenic amines directly within the cheeses. Biogenic amines were present in the range of 0.019-0.044 g kg-1 , well below the current EU limit. Home-manipulation confirmed recontamination of the cheese. The contents of BAs were correlated with the main processing parameters and with the nutritional properties of the four cheeses through the multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis). This is believed to be the first study that presents these correlations. CONCLUSION This study highlights correlations among BAs and carbohydrates, and anticorrelations with pH and, to a lesser extent, with moisture. Interestingly, BAs are correlated with fat content. This correlation was confirmed by a new principal component analysis performed on our data set with additional data from the literature. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rivoira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Jansons M, Pugajeva I, Bartkevics V. Evaluation of selected buffers for simultaneous determination of ionic and acidic pesticides including glyphosate using anion exchange chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3077-3085. [PMID: 31347252 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is an established technique for determination of ionic analytes, however, sophisticated buffer removal equipment is required to eliminate inorganic compounds from the eluate before introduction into the ion source of mass spectrometer. A standard high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry setup using an ion exchange column (Metrosep® A Supp 5) is proposed as an alternative approach. For that reason, some buffers including non-volatile carboxylic acid based solutions have been evaluated for simultaneous trace determination of ionic and acidic pesticides including glyphosate in the same extract without a need for sophisticated buffer removal equipment. Two differently designed ionisation sources were compared qualitatively for the application of non-volatile buffers. The study revealed that the choice of buffers had a strong influence on matrix effects in case of spiked extract injections. Finally, pesticides with very different physicochemical properties (logP < 0, logP ≥ 0) and structures (containing carboxylate, phosphonate, azolide, azanide, phenolate, bromate, and chlorate moieties) were quantified in spiked beer and oat extracts with acceptable recoveries (80-110%) using tandem mass spectrometry detection with AB SCIEX QTRAP 5500 instrument after separation using edetate buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Jansons
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia
| | - Iveta Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia
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Szpecht A, Zajac A, Zielinski D, Maciejewski H, Smiglak M. Versatile Method for the Simultaneous Synthesis of Two Ionic Liquids, Otherwise Difficult to Obtain, with High Atom Economy. Chemistry 2019; 8:972-983. [PMID: 31360624 PMCID: PMC6637701 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach and full spectral (NMR, IR, MS) and ion chromatographic characterization (IC) of nitrogen‐based ionic liquids bearing allyl‐ or ethyl‐ substituent and triflate, tosylate, methyl sulfate or methanesulfonate anion has been presented. On a sample of 16 new ionic liquids, the versatility of the anion exchange method has been proven. In the metathesis reactions that have been carried out, the halide anion was exchanged in ionic liquid with an alkyl sulfonate based anion using alkylating agents. The results obtained using ion chromatographic analysis on the newly synthesized compounds have been discussed. Also, the utilization of a gaseous methyl halide by‐product, obtained in the metathesis reaction and otherwise difficult to synthesize, has been presented. This approach ensured high atom economy of the overall process, which makes the proposed methodology sustainable and eco‐friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Szpecht
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Umultowska 89 B 61-614 Poznan Poland.,Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Adrian Zajac
- Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Dawid Zielinski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Hieronim Maciejewski
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Umultowska 89 B 61-614 Poznan Poland.,Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Umultowska 89 B 61-614 Poznan Poland.,Poznan Science and Technology Park Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Rubiez 46 61-612 Poznan Poland
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