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Streptococcus mutans photoinactivation using a combination of a high potency photopolymerizer and rose bengal. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:11-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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102
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Fracalossi C, Nagata JY, Pellosi DS, Terada RSS, Hioka N, Baesso ML, Sato F, Rosalen PL, Caetano W, Fujimaki M. Singlet oxygen production by combining erythrosine and halogen light for photodynamic inactivation of Streptococcus mutans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:127-32. [PMID: 27375182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is based on a photosensitizing substance which, in the presence of light and molecular oxygen, produces singlet oxygen, a toxic agent to microorganisms and tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate singlet oxygen quantum yield of erythrosine solutions illuminated with a halogen light source in comparison to a LED array (control), and the photodynamic effect of erythrosine dye in association with the halogen light source on Streptococcus mutans. METHODS Singlet oxygen quantum yield of erythrosine solutions was quantified using uric acid as a chemical-probe in an aqueous solution. The in vitro effect of the photodynamic antimicrobial activity of erythrosine in association with the halogen photopolimerizing light on Streptococcus mutans (UA 159) was assessed during one minute. Bacterial cultures treated with erythrosine alone served as negative control. RESULTS Singlet oxygen with 24% and 2.8% degradation of uric acid in one minute and a quantum yield of 0.59 and 0.63 was obtained for the erythrosine samples illuminated with the halogen light and the LED array, respectively. The bacterial cultures with erythrosine illuminated with the halogen light presented a decreased number of CFU mL(-1) in comparison with the negative control, with minimal inhibitory concentrations between 0.312 and 0.156mgmL(-1). CONCLUSIONS The photodynamic response of erythrosine induced by the halogen light was capable of killing S. mutans. Clinical trials should be conducted to better ascertain the use of erythrosine in association with halogen light source for the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fracalossi
- Dentistry Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Yuri Nagata
- Endodontic Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, S/n - Jardim Rosa Elze, Largarto, São Cristóvão, SE, Cep 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel Sano Suga Terada
- Dentistry Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Luciano Baesso
- Physics Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Francielle Sato
- Physics Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901 - Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Cep 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Mitsue Fujimaki
- Dentistry Department, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, Maringá, PR, Cep 87020-900, Brazil.
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103
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Kuffler DP. Improving the ability to eliminate wounds and pressure ulcers. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 23:312-7. [PMID: 25801293 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers can be initiated by as little as 2 hours of constant pressure on the ski, that blocks blood circulation causing the skin and underlying tissues to die, leading to an open wound that never heals, but continues to grow in diameter and depth, and frequently jeopardizes patients' lives. Despite the application of many diverse techniques, pressure ulcers remain exceptionally difficult to heal because many ulcer elimination techniques have minimal effects, and although other techniques may appear to be effective, the evidence supporting their efficacy is weak. However, increasing evidence indicates that other techniques, such as the application of platelet-rich plasma, vacuum assisted closure, electrical stimulation, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are effective and should be substituted for the older techniques. This review describes different standard and novel techniques that have been tested for eliminating pressure ulcers and discusses the relative efficacy of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Wainwright M, O'Kane C, Rawthore S. Phenothiazinium photosensitisers XI. Improved toluidine blue photoantimicrobials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:68-71. [PMID: 27093001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazinium derivative toluidine blue O (TBO) is widely employed as a photoantimicrobial agent in clinical trialling, particularly in dentistry. However, its activity against a range of pathogenic microbial species is not significantly different to that of the standard photoantimicrobial methylene blue. In the current study, derivatives of TBO with varying hydrocarbon substitution in chromophore position 2 were synthesised via the established anilinethiosulphonic route, using the mild oxidant silver(II) carbonate to allow substituent preservation. The resulting series of analogues demonstrated the expected increases in visible absorption wavelength and lipophilicity with increasing hydrocarbon content, as well as decreased aggregation for derivatives with bulkier substituents, and all produced singlet oxygen on illumination in vitro. Screening against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens relevant to infection control showed remarkable increases in activity relative to the parent compound, particularly against the clinically important Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, in order to demonstrate clinical relevance, the photoactivities of the new derivatives against microbial targets were compared to conventional antibacterial and antifungal drugs, as well as biocides commonly used for local disinfection. Activity here was also generally greater than that of the conventional agents used for comparison, considerably so relative to the local disinfectant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Ciara O'Kane
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Rawthore
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
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105
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Deng X, Tang S, Wu Q, Tian J, Riley WW, Chen Z. Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by antimicrobial photodynamic technology using methylene blue. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1601-1608. [PMID: 25989459 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading causative pathogen of gastroenteritis often related to contaminated seafood. Photodynamic inactivation has been recently proposed as a strategy for killing cells and viruses. The objective of this study was to verify the bactericidal effects caused by photodynamic inactivation using methylene blue (MB) over V. parahaemolyticus via flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts were determined using the most probable number method. A scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope were employed to intuitively analyze internal and external cell structure. RESULTS Combination of MB and laser treatment significantly inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. The inactivation rate of V. parahaemolyticus was >99.99% and its counts were reduced by 5 log10 in the presence of 0.05 mg mL(-1) MB when illuminated with visible light (power density 200 mW cm(-2)) for 25 min. All inactivated cells showed morphological changes, leakage of cytoplasm and degradation of protein and DNA. CONCLUSION Results from this study indicated that photodynamic technology using MB produced significant inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus mainly brought about by the degradation of protein and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Deng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shuze Tang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Juan Tian
- Department of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - William W Riley
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenqiang Chen
- Department of Photoelectrical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Vanzin D, Freitas CF, Pellosi DS, Batistela VR, Machado AEH, Pontes RM, Caetano W, Hioka N. Experimental and computational studies of protolytic and tautomeric equilibria of Erythrosin B and Eosin Y in water/DMSO. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pKa of Eosin Y and Erythrosin B were experimentally and computationally studied in water/DMSO mixtures using UV-Vis spectra, orbital and electrostatic properties to understand the tautomers contribution in the protolithic equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Vanzin
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - C. F. Freitas
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - D. S. Pellosi
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - V. R. Batistela
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - A. E. H. Machado
- Institute of Chemistry
- Lab. of Photochemistry and Science Materials
- Federal University of Uberlandia
- Uberlandia
- Brazil
| | - R. M. Pontes
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - W. Caetano
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
| | - N. Hioka
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Nucleus in Photodynamic System
- State University of Maringa
- Maringa
- Brazil
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NEVES PAM, LIMA LA, RODRIGUES FCN, LEITÃO TJ, RIBEIRO CCC. Clinical effect of photodynamic therapy on primary carious dentin after partial caries removal. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100246. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Despite diverse methods being applied to induce wound healing, many wounds remain recalcitrant to all treatments. Photobiomodulation involves inducing wound healing by illuminating wounds with light emitting diodes or lasers. While used on different animal models, in vitro, and clinically, wound healing is induced by many different wavelengths and powers with no optimal set of parameters yet being identified. While data suggest that simultaneous multiple wavelength illumination is more efficacious than single wavelengths, the optimal single and multiple wavelengths must be better defined to induce more reliable and extensive healing of different wound types. This review focuses on studies in which specific wavelengths induce wound healing and on their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Calle Norzagaray, San Juan 00901, Puerto Rico
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Steiner-Oliveira C, Longo PL, Aranha ACC, Ramalho KM, Mayer MPA, de Paula Eduardo C. Randomized in vivo evaluation of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on deciduous carious dentin. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:108003. [PMID: 26502235 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.10.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized in vivo study was to compare antimicrobial chemotherapies in primary carious dentin. Thirty-two participants ages 5 to 7 years underwent partial caries removal from deep carious dentin lesions in primary molars and were subsequently divided into three groups: control [chlorhexidine and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC)], LEDTB [photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) with light-emitting diode associated with toluidine blue solution and RMGIC], and LMB [PACT with laser associated with methylene blue solution and RMGIC]. The participants were submitted to initial clinical and radiographic examinations. Demographic features and biofilm, gingival, and DMFT/DMFS indexes were evaluated, in addition to clinical and radiographic followups at 6 and 12 months after treatments. Carious dentin was collected before and after each treatment, and the number of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Atopobium rimae, and total bacteria was established by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. No signs of pain or restoration failure were observed. All therapies were effective in reducing the number of microorganisms, except for S. sobrinus. No statistical differences were observed among the protocols used. All therapies may be considered as effective modern approaches to minimal intervention for the management of deep primary caries treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Av. Limeira, 901, 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Larcher Longo
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374-05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry, Restorative Department, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2227-05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Müller Ramalho
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry, Restorative Department, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2227-05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374-05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos de Paula Eduardo
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry, Restorative Department, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2227-05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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110
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Melo MAS, Rolim JPML, Passos VF, Lima RA, Zanin ICJ, Codes BM, Rocha SS, Rodrigues LKA. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy and ultraconservative caries removal linked for management of deep caries lesions. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:581-6. [PMID: 26431977 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraconservative removal of carious tissue is becoming increasingly highlighted for management of deep caries lesions, and combined with an antimicrobial photochemistry-based treatment modality (PACT), this approach can be enhanced favoring dental tissue repair and preservation. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of PACT using a light emitting diode (LED) associated with a photosensitizer toluidine blue ortho (TBO) on deep caries lesions. METHODS For that, a single blind, randomized, controlled, split-mouth clinical trial where 45 patients with at least two deep carious lesions on permanent posterior teeth was performed. The primary intervention was deep caries lesion management with disinfection of remaining dentin tissue using PACT. Bacterial counts were measured following treatments as the main outcome. The remaining dentinal samples of each lesion were treated with either non-PACT-control or PACT. The PACT procedure were characterized by 100 μg mL(-1) TBO followed by 94J cm(-2) LED irradiation. Samples of dentin were collected before and immediately after treatments for microbiological analysis of total viable bacteria, mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus spp. counts. Microbial reduction was data were submitted to unpaired t test (α=5%). RESULTS PACT led to statistically significant reductions in mutans streptococci (1.08 ± 1.20 log), Lactobacillus spp. (1.69 ± 1.37 log), and total viable bacteria (1.07 ± 1.01 log) compared to the control, which showed log reductions respectively of 0.05 ± 0.49, 0.52 ± 0.89, and 0.47 ± 0.77 for the same microorganisms. CONCLUSION Dentin from deep carious lesions treated with PACT showed a decrease in cariogenic microbial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A S Melo
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J P M L Rolim
- Federal University of Ceará, Post graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - V F Passos
- University of Fortaleza, School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R A Lima
- Federal University of Ceará, Post graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - I C J Zanin
- Federal University of Ceará, Faculty of Dentistry, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Codes
- Federal University of Ceará, Post graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - S S Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Post graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L K A Rodrigues
- Federal University of Ceará, Post graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Pasquale C. Sigillature dentali laser-assistite: lo stato dell’arte. Caso clinico didattico. DENTAL CADMOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(15)30069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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112
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Al-Ahmad A, Bucher M, Anderson AC, Tennert C, Hellwig E, Wittmer A, Vach K, Karygianni L. Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (VIS + wIRA) Alters In Situ Oral Biofilms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132107. [PMID: 26162100 PMCID: PMC4498738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, growing attention has been paid to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry. Changing the microbial composition of initial and mature oral biofilm by aPDT using visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A wavelengths (VIS + wIRA) has not yet been investigated. Moreover, most aPDT studies have been conducted on planktonic bacterial cultures. Therefore, in the present clinical study we cultivated initial and mature oral biofilms in six healthy volunteers for 2 hours or 3 days, respectively. The biofilms were treated with aPDT using VIS+wIRA (200 mW cm-2), toluidine blue (TB) and chlorine e6 (Ce6) for 5 minutes. Chlorhexidine treated biofilm samples served as positive controls, while untreated biofilms served as negative controls. After aPDT treatment the colony forming units (CFU) of the biofilm samples were quantified, and the surviving bacteria were isolated in pure cultures and identified using MALDI-TOF, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA-sequencing. aPDT killed more than 99.9% of the initial viable bacterial count and 95% of the mature oral biofilm in situ, independent of the photosensitizer. The number of surviving bacterial species was highly reduced to 6 (TB) and 4 (Ce6) in the treated initial oral biofilm compared to the 20 different species of the untreated biofilm. The proportions of surviving bacterial species were also changed after TB- and Ce6-mediated aPDT of the mature oral biofilm, resulting in a shift in the microbial composition of the treated biofilm compared to that of the control biofilm. In conclusion, aPDT using VIS + wIRA showed a remarkable potential to eradicate both initial and mature oral biofilms, and also to markedly alter the remaining biofilm. This encourages the clinical use of aPDT with VIS + wIRA for the treatment of periimplantitis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Bucher
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. C. Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C. Tennert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Center for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L. Karygianni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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Ray JR, Tadepalli S, Nergiz SZ, Liu KK, You L, Tang Y, Singamaneni S, Jun YS. Hydrophilic, bactericidal nanoheater-enabled reverse osmosis membranes to improve fouling resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11117-11126. [PMID: 25941970 DOI: 10.1021/am509174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyamide (PA) semipermeable membranes typically used for reverse osmosis water treatment processes are prone to fouling, which reduces the amount and quality of water produced. By synergistically coupling the photothermal and bactericidal properties of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, gold nanostars (AuNS), and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) on PA reverse osmosis membrane surfaces, we have dramatically improved fouling resistance of these membranes. Batch fouling experiments from three classes of fouling are presented: mineral scaling (CaCO3 and CaSO4), organic fouling (humic acid), and biofouling (Escherichia coli). Systematic analyses and a variety of complementary techniques were used to elucidate fouling resistance mechanisms from each layer of modification on the membrane surface. Both mineral scaling and organic fouling were significantly reduced in PA-GO-AuNS-PEG membranes compared to other membranes. The PA-GO-AuNS-PEG membrane was also effective in killing all near-surface bacteria compared to PA membranes. In the PA-GO-AuNS-PEG membrane, the GO nanosheets act as templates for in situ AuNS growth, which then facilitated localized heating upon irradiation by an 808 nm laser inactivating bacteria on the membrane surface. Furthermore, AuNS in the membrane assisted PEG in preventing mineral scaling on the membrane surface. In flow-through flux and foulant rejection tests, PA-GO-AuNS-PEG membranes performed better than PA membranes in the presence of CaSO4 and humic acid model foulants. Therefore, the newly suggested membrane surface modifications will not only reduce fouling from RO feeds, but can improve overall membrane performance. Our innovative membrane design reported in this study can significantly extend the lifetime and water treatment efficacy of reverse osmosis membranes to alleviate escalating global water shortage from rising energy demands.
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Habiboallah G, Mahdi Z, Mahbobeh NN, Mina ZJ, Sina F, Majid Z. Bactericidal effect of visible light in the presence of erythrosine on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum compared with diode laser, an in vitro study. Laser Ther 2015; 23:263-71. [PMID: 25705082 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.14-or-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a new modality in oral bacterial decontamination. Besides, the ability of laser irradiation in the presence of photosensitizing agent to lethal effect on oral bacteria is well documented. Current research aims to evaluate the effect of photodynamic killing of visible blue light in the presence of plaque disclosing agent erythrosine as photosensitizer on Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with periodontal bone loss and Fusobacterium nucleatum associated with soft tissue inflammation, comparing with the near-infrared diode laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard suspension of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were exposed to Light Emitting Diode (LED) (440-480 nm) used to photopolymerize composite resine dental restoration in combination with erythrosine (22 µm) up to 5 minutes. Bacterial sample were also exposed to a near-infrared diode laser (wavelength, 830 nm), using identical irradiation parameters for comparison. Bacterial samples from each treatment groups (radiation-only group, erythrosine-only group and light or laser with erythrosine group) were subcultured onto the surface of agar plates. Survival of these bacteria was determined by counting the number of colony forming units (CFU) after incubation. RESULTS Exposure to visible blue light and diode laser in conjugation with erythrosine significantly reduced both species examined viability, whereas erythrosine-treated samples exposed to visible light suggested a statically meaningful differences comparing to diode laser. In addition, bactericidal effect of visible light or diode laser alone on P. gingivalis as black-pigmented bacteria possess endogenous porphyrins was noticeably. CONCLUSION Our result suggested that visible blue light source in the presence of plaque disclosing agent erythrosine could can be consider as potential approach of PDT to kill the main gram-negative periodontal pathogens. From a clinical standpoint, this regimen could be established as an additional minimally invasive antibacterial treatment of plaque induced periodontal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanbari Habiboallah
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zakeri Mahdi
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Naderi Nasab Mahbobeh
- Department of Medical Bacteriology & Virology, Emam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Faghihi Sina
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zakeri Majid
- School of Dentistry and Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Paschoal MA, Dantas TCB, Duarte S. Photodynamic and Tissue Tolerable Plasma Therapies as Alternatives to Antimicrobials to Control Pathogenic Biofilms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-014-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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116
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Ricatto LGO, Conrado LAL, Turssi CP, França FMG, Basting RT, Amaral FLB. Comparative evaluation of photodynamic therapy using LASER or light emitting diode on cariogenic bacteria: An in vitro study. Eur J Dent 2014; 8:509-514. [PMID: 25512733 PMCID: PMC4253108 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.143634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using LASER or light emitting diode (LED) on cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans [SM] and Lactobacillus casei [LC]) in bovine dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty five fragments of dentin were contaminated with SM and LC strands and divided into five experimental groups according to the therapy they received (n = 5): C - control (no treatment), SCLED - no dye/LED application (94 J/cm(2)), SCLASER - no dye/LASER application (94 J/cm(2)), CCLED - dye/LED application (94 J/cm(2)) and CCLASER - dye/LASER application (94 J/cm(2)). The dye used was methylene blue at 10 mM. Dentin scrapes were harvested from each fragment and prepared for counts of colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (α =0.05). RESULTS Regarding SM, groups CCLASER and CCLED showed a significant reduction in CFU/mL, which was statistically superior to the SCLASER, SCLED and C groups. Regarding LC, the groups CCLASER and CCLED caused a significant reduction in CFU/mL when compared with SCLASER, which showed intermediate values. SCLED and C had a lesser effect on reducing CFU/mL, where the former showed values similar to those of SCLASER. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PDT combined with LASER or LED and methylene blue had a significant antimicrobial effect on cariogenic bacteria in the dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Photoinactivation of In Situ Oral Biofilms by Visible Light plus Water-Filtered Infrared A. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:7324-36. [PMID: 25239897 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02490-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has gained increased attention as an alternative treatment approach in various medical fields. However, the effect of APDT using visible light plus water-filtered infrared A (VIS + wIRA) on oral biofilms remains unexplored. For this purpose, initial and mature oral biofilms were obtained in situ; six healthy subjects wore individual upper jaw acrylic devices with bovine enamel slabs attached to their proximal sites for 2 h or 3 days. The biofilms were incubated with 100 μg ml(-1) toluidine blue O (TB) or chlorin e6 (Ce6) and irradiated with VIS + wIRA with an energy density of 200 mW cm(-2) for 5 min. After cultivation, the CFU of half of the treated biofilm samples were quantified, whereas following live/dead staining, the other half of the samples were monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). TB- and Ce6-mediated APDT yielded a significant decrease of up to 3.8 and 5.7 log10 CFU for initial and mature oral biofilms, respectively. Quantification of the stained photoinactivated microorganisms confirmed these results. Overall, CLSM revealed the diffusion of the tested photosensitizers into the deepest biofilm layers after exposure to APDT. In particular, Ce6-aided APDT presented elevated permeability and higher effectiveness in eradicating 89.62% of biofilm bacteria compared to TB-aided APDT (82.25%) after 3 days. In conclusion, antimicrobial photoinactivation using VIS + wIRA proved highly potent in eradicating oral biofilms. Since APDT excludes the development of microbial resistance, it could supplement the pharmaceutical treatment of periodontitis or peri-implantitis.
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Hakimiha N, Khoei F, Bahador A, Fekrazad R. The susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans to antibacterial photodynamic therapy: a comparison of two different photosensitizers and light sources. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:80-4. [PMID: 24676576 PMCID: PMC3956397 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the main etiological agent for dental
caries. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a new modality in
bacterial decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Khoei
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Diniz IMA, Teixeira KIR, Araújo PV, Araújo MSS, Marques MM, Poletto LTDA, Cortés ME. Evaluation of antibacterial photodynamic therapy effects on human dental pulp cell cultures. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:300-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Aoki PH, Alessio P, Volpati D, Paulovich FV, Riul A, Oliveira ON, Constantino CJ. On the distinct molecular architectures of dipping- and spray-LbL films containing lipid vesicles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 41:363-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sharma S, Logani A, Shah N. Comparative efficacy of photo-activated disinfection and calcium hydroxide for disinfection of remaining carious dentin in deep cavities: a clinical study. Restor Dent Endod 2014; 39:195-200. [PMID: 25110643 PMCID: PMC4125583 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2014.39.3.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To comparatively evaluate the efficacy of photo-activated disinfection (PAD), calcium hydroxide (CH) and their combination on the treatment outcome of indirect pulp treatment (IPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the patients were taken. The study was also registered with clinical registry of India. Sixty permanent molars exhibiting deep occlusal carious lesion in patients with the age range of 18 - 22 yr were included. Clinical and radiographic evaluation and set inclusion and exclusion criteria's were followed. Gross caries excavation was accomplished. In group I (n = 20) PAD was applied for sixty seconds. In group II (n = 20), CH was applied to the remaining carious dentin, while in group III (n = 20), PAD application was followed by CH placement. The teeth were permanently restored. They were clinically and radiographically followed-up at 45 day, 6 mon and 12 mon. Relative density of the remaining affected dentin was measured by 'Radiovisiography (RVG) densitometric' analysis. RESULTS Successful outcome with an increase in radiographic grey values were observed in all three groups. However, on inter-group comparison, this change was not significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PAD and CH both have equal disinfection efficacy in the treatment of deep carious dentin. PAD alone is as effective for treatment of deep carious lesion as calcium hydroxide and hence can be used as an alternative to CH. They can be used independently in IPT, since combining both does not offer any additional therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Logani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Naseem Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari nagar, New Delhi, India
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Flow cytometric assessment of Streptococcus mutans viability after exposure to blue light-activated curcumin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:372-9. [PMID: 24973577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans biofilms are considered as primary causative agents of dental caries. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) has been recently proposed as a strategy for inactivating dental biofilms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blue light-activated curcumin on S. mutans viability and to explore its potential as a new anti-caries therapeutic agent. The effect of different concentrations and incubation times of photo-activated curcumin on the survival of S. mutans in planktonic and biofilm models of growth was assessed by flow cytometry. METHODS Streptococcus mutans in planktonic suspensions or biofilms formed on hydroxyapatite disks were incubated for 5 or 10min with curcumin prior to blue light activation. Bacteria were labeled with SYTO 9 and propidium iodide before viability was assessed by flow cytometry. Results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison intervals (α=0.05). RESULTS For planktonic cultures, 0.2μM of light-activated curcumin significantly reduced S. mutans viability (p<0.05). For biofilm cultures, light-activated curcumin at concentration of 40-60μM only suppressed viability by 50% (p<0.05). Independently of the mode of growth, incubation time has no significant effect on PACT efficiency. CONCLUSION This study indicates that blue light-activated curcumin can efficiently inactivate planktonic cultures of S. mutans whereas biofilms were more resistant to treatment. Flow cytometry allowed the detection of bacteria with damaged membranes that were unable to replicate and grow after cell sorting. Further studies seem warranted to optimize the efficacy of light-activated curcumin against S. mutans biofilms.
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Proper sterilization or disinfection of removable prostheses and surgical guides has been problematic in dental practice because of the absence of simple and low-cost techniques that do not cause damage to acrylic resins. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to study the effect of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans biofilms formed on acrylic resin specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS The specimens were sterilized in ethylene oxide gas and submitted to in vitro biofilm growth. The photodynamic therapy consisted of the application of 0.05% methylene blue (P+) conjugated to irradiation with a light-emitting-diode of 630 nm and 150 mW (L+). The specimens were randomly divided into groups (n=5): negative control (P-L-); stained and irradiated at 10 J/cm(2) (P+L+ 10); stained and irradiated at 30 J/cm(2) (P+L+ 30); stained and not irradiated (P+L-); not stained and irradiated at 10 J/cm(2) (P-L+ 10); not stained and irradiated at 30 J/cm(2) (P-L+ 30); and gold standard (GS), sterilized. Afterward, the specimens were submitted to contact with culture medium agar for 10 minutes in petri plates, which were incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. The number of colony-forming units was obtained, and the data were expressed according to scores (1=0; 2=1-10; 3=11-100; 4=101-1000) and analyzed by the Friedman and Dunn tests (α=.05). RESULTS Streptococcus mutans was sensitized by (P+L-); P aeruginosa and C albicans were also sensitized by the dye but showed a slight microbial reduction with (P+L+ 30), as did S aureus (P>.05); E coli presented an initial score of 3 and achieved a bacterial reduction to score 2 with (P+L+ 30) (P=.039). CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy was effective in reducing E coli counts on biofilms formed on acrylic resin specimens. The inhibition of microorganism growth tended to be directly proportional to the amount of energy provided by the light-emitting diode.
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Photoelimination of Streptococcus mutans with two methods of photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:626-31. [PMID: 24284120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing resistance of oral pathogens to conventional antibacterial agents has resulted to find alternative therapies to overcome resistance development problems; hence this in vitro study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of photoelimination of Streptococcus mutans with two methods of photodynamic and photothermal therapy. METHODS Standard Suspensions of S. mutans were treated in two groups of photodynamic therapy with Toluidine blue O and Rhadachlorin(®) and photothermal therapy by EmunDo(®) and their individual light sources, then Bacterial suspension from each treatment was subcultured on the surface of Mueller-Hinton agar plates and bacterial growth was assessed. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS After treatments significant reduction of S. mutans viability in planktonic culture was observed in both groups of photodynamic and photothermal therapy with no priority. CONCLUSION Photoelimination can be a novel modality in the eradication of S. mutans colonies in near future.
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125
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Mantareva VN, Angelov I, Wöhrle D, Borisova E, Kussovski V. Metallophthalocyanines for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an overview of our experience. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613300024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal phthalocyanine complexes with different charges, hydrophobicity and metal ions were synthesized and studied for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of pathogenic bacterial and fungal model strains. Ten positively charged complexes with the metals Zn ( II ), Al ( III ), Ga ( III ), In ( III ), Si ( IV ) and Ge ( IV ) in the center of the ligand and substituents at the ligand bearing four or eight N-alkylpyridyloxy groups were prepared. In addition, a negatively charged Zn ( II )-phthalocyanine with four sulfophenoxy-groups was synthesized. The absorption spectra showed low intensity of the Soret band in the UV part of the spectrum and the intense Q-band in the red to far red region (λ = 671–697 nm). The fluorescence was determined with quantum yields between 0.1–0.33 and life-times 2.8–4.9 ns in dependence of the kind of metal ion and the substituents. In organic solvents all complexes exist in a monomeric state but in aqueous solution they show aggregation with the exception of Ga ( III ) phthalocyanines. The singlet oxygen quantum yields were evaluated in dependence on the metals, substituents and the media with values between 0.16–0.68. The cationic metal phthalocyanines were taken-up by pathogenic cells in a higher amount as compared to the anionic complex. Three of the studied phthalocyanines namely tetra-N-methylpyridyloxy-phthalocyanine Zn ( II ) and tetra- and octa-N-methylpyridyloxy- Ga ( III ) phthalocyanines showed a high photodynamic efficacy towards most of the studied microorganisms in suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya N. Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dieter Wöhrle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Bremen University, D-28 334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko chaussee Blvd, 1748 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Bl. 26, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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126
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Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of curcumin in biofilms and carious dentine. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:629-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Paschoal MA, Tonon CC, Spolidório DMP, Bagnato VS, Giusti JSM, Santos-Pinto L. Photodynamic potential of curcumin and blue LED against Streptococcus mutans in a planktonic culture. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:313-9. [PMID: 23993858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of light of specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizing agent or dye in the presence of oxygen for eradication of target cells. In dentistry, this therapy is used to suppress the growth of microorganisms involved directly with dental decay and periodontitis process. There are evidences that curcumin dye is able to control microbial activity when illuminated with specific wavelength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of PDT using curcumin dye (Cur-C) in combination with a blue LED (L) device on a planktonic model of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). METHODS Suspensions (0.5 mL) containing S. mutans at 1×10(7)CFU mL(-1) were prepared and divided into 4 groups: Group C-L- (control: no treatment and 1 experimental condition), Group C+L- (curcumin at 3 different concentrations: 2000; 4000 and 8000 μM and 3 experimental conditions), Group C-L+ (LED at 3 different dosages: 24, 48 and 72 Jcm(-2) and 3 experimental conditions), and Group C+L+ (PDT group: curcumin at respective concentrations combined to LED dosages and 9 experimental conditions). Samples of each experimental condition were cultured in Petri dishes of BHI agar. Incubation in micro-aerophilia at 37°C for 48 h was performed for subsequent visual counting of CFU/mL. Data were transformed into log10 and analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at p<0.05. RESULTS Group C+L+, in specific experimental conditions, demonstrated a log bacterial reduction 70% higher than Group C-L-. Both groups C-L+ and C+L- presented a slight decrease in log bacterial counting. CONCLUSION This in vitro method was able to reduce the number of S. mutans in a planktonic suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio Paschoal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Brazil.
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Mang TS, Tayal DP, Baier R. Photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment for disinfection of bacteria in oral biofilms. Lasers Surg Med 2012; 44:588-96. [PMID: 22847720 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Biofilm-related diseases such as caries and periodontal disease are prevalent chronic oral infections which pose significant oral and general health risks. Biofilms are sessile communities attached to surfaces. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to have a significant anti-microbial effect and presents as an alternative to treating biofilm-related disease. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of porfimer sodium induced PDT to treat localized infections of Streptococcus mutans in biofilm communities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reproducible biofilms were formed by S. mutans strain ATCC 27351 growing in log phase at 37°C in Brain Heart Infusion medium, circulating through flow cells at 3 ml/minute for 36-48 hours. The photosensitizer used was porfimer sodium (Photofrin®) at 125 µg/ml with biofilm immersion times of 5 minutes and increasing energy density of post-immersion laser illumination at 630 nm (100 mW/cm(2) ). Resulting effects on bacterial viability in the biofilms were tracked by monitoring alamarBlue® conversion. Supplementary data characterizing the biofilms before and after exposure to PDT were acquired by Multiple Attenuated Internal Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy (MAIR-IR). RESULTS The results of this study show that PDT using porfimer sodium and 630 nm laser light was effective in significantly reducing the viability of S. mutans biofilms. Maximum effectiveness was seen when biofilms were exposed to both photosensitizer and light versus controls. Porfimer sodium incubation times as short as 5 minutes in solutions as dilute as 25 µg/ml and illuminated with as little as 30 J/cm(2) resulted in significant decreases in viability of bacteria in biofilms. Optimum parameters appear to be 125 µg/ml porfimer sodium concentration and incubated for 5 minutes and 60 J/cm(2) of light energy density. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that significant killing of the cariogenic organism S. mutans by the combination of a photosensitizer and the appropriate wavelength of laser light was possible even when the bacteria are embedded in an extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Mang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
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Bactericidal action of photogenerated singlet oxygen from photosensitizers used in plaque disclosing agents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37871. [PMID: 22629466 PMCID: PMC3358276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been suggested as an efficient clinical approach for the treatment of dental plaque in the field of dental care. In PDT, once the photosensitizer is irradiated with light of a specific wavelength, it transfers the excitation energy to molecular oxygen, which gives rise to singlet oxygen. Methodology/Principal Findings Since plaque disclosing agents usually contain photosensitizers such as rose bengal, erythrosine, and phloxine, they could be used for PTD upon photoactivation. The aim of the present study is to compare the ability of these three photosensitizers to produce singlet oxygen in relation to their bactericidal activity. The generation rates of singlet oxygen determined by applying an electron spin resonance technique were in the order phloxine > erythrosine ≒ rose bengal. On the other hand, rose bengal showed the highest bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans, a major causative pathogen of caries, followed by erythrosine and phloxine, both of which showed activity similar to each other. One of the reasons for the discrepancy between the singlet oxygen generating ability and bactericidal activity was the incorporation efficiency of the photosensitizers into the bacterial cells. The incorporation rate of rose bengal was the highest among the three photosensitizers examined in the present study, likely leading to the highest bactericidal activity. Meanwhile, the addition of L-histidine, a singlet oxygen quencher, cancelled the bactericidal activity of any of the three photoactivated photosensitizers, proving that singlet oxygen was responsible for the bactericidal action. Conclusions It is strongly suggested that rose bengal is a suitable photosensitizer for the plaque disclosing agents as compared to the other two photosensitizers, phloxine and erythrosine, when used for PDT.
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