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Veselova IA, Sergeeva EA, Makedonskaya MI, Eremina OE, Kalmykov SN, Shekhovtsova TN. Methods for determining neurotransmitter metabolism markers for clinical diagnostics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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102
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Stefani A, Pierantozzi M, Olivola E, Galati S, Cerroni R, D'Angelo V, Hainsworth AH, Saviozzi V, Fedele E, Liguori C. Homovanillic acid in CSF of mild stage Parkinson's disease patients correlates with motor impairment. Neurochem Int 2017; 105:58-63. [PMID: 28108196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), several efforts have been spent in order to find biochemical parameters able to identify the progression of the pathological processes at the basis of the disease. It is already known that advanced PD patients manifesting dyskinesia are featured by the high homovanillic acid (HVA)/dopamine (DA) ratio, suggesting the increased turnover of DA in these patients. Less clear is whether similar changes affect mild and moderate stages of the disease (between 1 and 2.5 of Hoehn & Yahr -H&Y- stage). Hence, here we tested whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of DA and its major metabolites, either 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) or HVA, correlate with motor performance in mild and moderate PD patients. CSF samples were collected after 2 days of anti-PD drugs washout, via lumbar puncture (LP) performed 130 min following administration of oral levodopa (LD) dose (200 mg). LP timing was determined in light of our previous tests clarifying that 2 h after oral LD administration CSF DA concentration reaches a plateau, which was un-respective of PD stage or duration. DA, DOPAC and HVA were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography in a group of 19 patients, distributed in two groups on the basis of the H&Y stage with a cut-off of 1.5. In these PD patients, HVA was correlated with DOPAC (R = 0,56, p < 0,01) and both HVA and DOPAC CSF levels increased in parallel with the motor impairment. More importantly, HVA correlated with motor impairment measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Score -III (UPDRS) (R = 0.61; p < 0.0001). The present findings showed the early alteration of the DA pre-synaptic machinery, as documented by the progressive increase of CSF HVA concentrations, which also correlated with PD motor impairment. Therefore, we suggest the potential use of measuring the CSF HVA level as a possible biomarker of PD stage changes in order to monitor the effectiveness of PD-modifying pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Olivola
- Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rocco Cerroni
- Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza D'Angelo
- Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Stroke & Dementia Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Saviozzi
- Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Liguori
- Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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103
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DOPAL derived alpha-synuclein oligomers impair synaptic vesicles physiological function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40699. [PMID: 28084443 PMCID: PMC5233976 DOI: 10.1038/srep40699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons and by accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aS) aggregates in the surviving neurons. The dopamine catabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) is a highly reactive and toxic molecule that leads to aS oligomerization by covalent modifications to lysine residues. Here we show that DOPAL-induced aS oligomer formation in neurons is associated with damage of synaptic vesicles, and with alterations in the synaptic vesicles pools. To investigate the molecular mechanism that leads to synaptic impairment, we first aimed to characterize the biochemical and biophysical properties of the aS-DOPAL oligomers; heterogeneous ensembles of macromolecules able to permeabilise cholesterol-containing lipid membranes. aS-DOPAL oligomers can induce dopamine leak in an in vitro model of synaptic vesicles and in cellular models. The dopamine released, after conversion to DOPAL in the cytoplasm, could trigger a noxious cycle that further fuels the formation of aS-DOPAL oligomers, inducing neurodegeneration.
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104
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Wimalasena K. Current Status, Gaps, and Weaknesses of the Mechanism of Selective Dopaminergic Toxicity of MPTP/MPP +. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-812522-9.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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105
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Wassenberg T, Willemsen M, Dijkman H, Deinum J, Monnens L. Congenital eyelid ptosis, decreased glomerular filtration, and orthostatic hypotension: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:1171-1174. [PMID: 27858196 PMCID: PMC5440496 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Wassenberg
- Department of Neurology and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen (935), The Netherlands.
| | - Michèl Willemsen
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Department of Neurology and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen (935), The Netherlands
| | - Henry Dijkman
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Deinum
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Monnens
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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106
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Chen CH, Joshi AU, Mochly-Rosen D. The Role of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Neuropathology and Neurodegeneration. ACTA NEUROLOGICA TAIWANICA 2016; 25(4):111-123. [PMID: 28382610 PMCID: PMC10618051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes-induced toxicity has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Exposure to reactive aldehydes from (1) alcohol and food metabolism; (2) environmental pollutants, including car, factory exhausts, smog, pesticides, herbicides; (3) metabolism of neurotransmitters, amino acids and (4) lipid peroxidation of biological membrane from excessive ROS, all contribute to 'aldehydic load' that has been linked to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the α, β-unsaturated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), DOPAL (MAO product of dopamine), malondialdehyde, acrolein and acetaldehyde, all readily form chemical adductions with proteins, DNA and lipids, thus causing neurotoxicity. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH 2) is a major aldehyde metabolizing enzyme that protects against deleterious aldehyde buildup in brain, a tissue that has a particularly high mitochondrial content. In this review, we highlight the deleterious effects of increased aldehydic load in the neuropathology of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. We also discuss evidence for the association between ALDH2 deficiency, a common East Asianspecific mutation, and these neuropathologies. A novel class of small molecule aldehyde dehydrogenase activators (Aldas), represented by Alda-1, reduces neuronal cell death in models of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Together, these data suggest that reducing aldeydic load by enhancing the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases, such as ALDH2, represents as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Amit U. Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
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107
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Proteasome-mediated degradation of tyrosine hydroxylase triggered by its phosphorylation: a new question as to the intracellular location at which the degradation occurs. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 125:9-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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108
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Werner-Allen JW, DuMond JF, Levine RL, Bax A. Toxic Dopamine Metabolite DOPAL Forms an Unexpected Dicatechol Pyrrole Adduct with Lysines of α-Synuclein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7374-8. [PMID: 27158766 PMCID: PMC4983193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease has long been known to involve the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the coincidental appearance of Lewy bodies containing oligomerized forms of α-synuclein. The "catecholaldehyde hypothesis" posits a causal link between these two central pathologies mediated by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), the most toxic dopamine metabolite. Here we determine the structure of the dominant product in reactions between DOPAL and α-synuclein, a dicatechol pyrrole lysine adduct. This novel modification results from the addition of two DOPAL molecules to the Lys sidechain amine through their aldehyde moieties and the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond between their alkyl chains to generate a pyrrole ring. The product is detectable at low concentrations of DOPAL and its discovery should provide a valuable chemical basis for future studies of DOPAL-induced crosslinking of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon W Werner-Allen
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jenna F DuMond
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Ad Bax
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Werner-Allen JW, DuMond JF, Levine RL, Bax A. Toxic Dopamine Metabolite DOPAL Forms an Unexpected Dicatechol Pyrrole Adduct with Lysines of α-Synuclein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon W. Werner-Allen
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Jenna F. DuMond
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Rodney L. Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Ad Bax
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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110
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Lysines, Achilles' heel in alpha-synuclein conversion to a deadly neuronal endotoxin. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:62-71. [PMID: 26690800 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation is associated with Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders termed synucleinopathies. The sequence of alpha-synuclein has a remarkable amount of lysines, which may be a target for modifications by several aldehydes found at increased concentration in parkinsonian brains. The involved aldehydes are the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, the lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal, acrolein and malondialdehyde, and advanced glycation end-products. Moreover, both relative expression levels and enzymatic activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases, which are responsible for aldehydes detoxification in cells, are altered in Parkinson's disease brains. The effects of aldehyde modifications can include: (i) a perturbation in the equilibrium of cytosolic and membrane-bound alpha-synuclein, that may alter protein function and lead to aggregation; (ii) the reduction of alpha-synuclein ubiquitination and SUMOylation, affecting its cellular localization and clearance; (iii) a decreased susceptibility to cleavage at specific sites by extracellular proteases; (iv) a reduced availability of identified lysine acetylation sites; (v) the production of toxic oligomeric alpha-synuclein-aldehyde species, able to damage lipid membranes and transmissible from unhealthy to healthy neurons. All of these observations point to a complex interaction between alpha-synuclein and aldehydes in brain, which may lead to the accumulation of dysfunctional alpha-synuclein and its oligomerization.
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111
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Goldstein DS, Jinsmaa Y, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y. Comparison of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Decreasing Production of the Autotoxic Dopamine Metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde in PC12 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:483-92. [PMID: 26574516 PMCID: PMC4746494 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the catecholaldehyde hypothesis, the toxic dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) contributes to the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) catalyzes the conversion of intraneuronal dopamine to DOPAL and may serve as a therapeutic target. The "cheese effect"-paroxysmal hypertension evoked by tyramine-containing foodstuffs-limits clinical use of irreversible MAO-A inhibitors. Combined MAO-A/B inhibition decreases DOPAL production in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, but whether reversible MAO-A inhibitors or MAO-B inhibitors decrease endogenous DOPAL production is unknown. We compared the potencies of MAO inhibitors in attenuating DOPAL production and examined possible secondary effects on dopamine storage, constitutive release, synthesis, and auto-oxidation. Catechol concentrations were measured in cells and medium after incubation with the irreversible MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline, three reversible MAO-A inhibitors, or the MAO-B inhibitors selegiline or rasagiline for 180 minutes. Reversible MAO-A inhibitors were generally ineffective, whereas clorgyline (1 nM), rasagiline (500 nM), and selegiline (500 nM) decreased DOPAL levels in the cells and medium. All three drugs also increased dopamine and norepinephrine, decreased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, and increased cysteinyl-dopamine concentrations in the medium, suggesting increased vesicular uptake and constitutive release, decreased dopamine synthesis, and increased dopamine spontaneous oxidation. In conclusion, clorgyline, rasagiline, and selegiline decrease production of endogenous DOPAL. At relatively high concentrations, the latter drugs probably lose their selectivity for MAO-B. Possibly offsetting increased formation of potentially toxic oxidation products and decreased formation of DOPAL might account for the failure of large clinical trials of MAO-B inhibitors to demonstrate slowing of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.S.G., Y.J., P.S., C.H., I.J.K.); and Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Tel-Aviv University, Tel-HaShomer, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Yunden Jinsmaa
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.S.G., Y.J., P.S., C.H., I.J.K.); and Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Tel-Aviv University, Tel-HaShomer, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Patti Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.S.G., Y.J., P.S., C.H., I.J.K.); and Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Tel-Aviv University, Tel-HaShomer, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Courtney Holmes
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.S.G., Y.J., P.S., C.H., I.J.K.); and Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Tel-Aviv University, Tel-HaShomer, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Irwin J Kopin
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.S.G., Y.J., P.S., C.H., I.J.K.); and Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Tel-Aviv University, Tel-HaShomer, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (D.S.G., Y.J., P.S., C.H., I.J.K.); and Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Tel-Aviv University, Tel-HaShomer, Israel (Y.S.)
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Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Sullivan P, Mash DC, Sidransky E, Stefani A, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y. Deficient vesicular storage: A common theme in catecholaminergic neurodegeneration. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:1013-22. [PMID: 26255205 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases involve loss of catecholamine neurons--Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prototypical example. Catecholamine neurons are rare in the nervous system, and why they are lost has been mysterious. Accumulating evidence supports the concept of "autotoxicity"--inherent cytotoxicity caused by catecholamine metabolites. Since vesicular sequestration limits the buildup of toxic products of enzymatic and spontaneous oxidation of catecholamines, a vesicular storage defect could play a pathogenic role in the death of catecholaminergic neurons in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. In putamen, deficient vesicular storage is revealed in vivo by accelerated loss of (18)F-DOPA-derived radioactivity and post-mortem by decreased tissue dopamine (DA):DOPA ratios; in myocardium in vivo by accelerated loss of (18)F-dopamine-derived radioactivity and post-mortem by increased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol:norepinephrine (DHPG:NE) ratios; and in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves overall in vivo by increased plasma F-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (F-DOPAC):DHPG ratios. We retrospectively analyzed data from 20 conditions with decreased or intact catecholaminergic innervation, involving different etiologies, pathogenetic mechanisms, and lesion locations. All conditions involving parkinsonism had accelerated loss of putamen (18)F-DOPA-derived radioactivity; in those with post-mortem data there were also decreased putamen DA:DOPA ratios. All conditions involving cardiac sympathetic denervation had accelerated loss of myocardial (18)F-dopamine-derived radioactivity; in those with post-mortem data there were increased myocardial DHPG:NE ratios. All conditions involving localized loss of catecholaminergic innervation had evidence of decreased vesicular storage specifically in the denervated regions. Thus, across neurodegenerative diseases, loss of catecholaminergic neurons seems to be associated with decreased vesicular storage in the residual neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Courtney Holmes
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Patti Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Irwin J Kopin
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel-Avid, Israel
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Renaud J, Nabavi SF, Daglia M, Nabavi SM, Martinoli MG. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, a Promising Molecule for Parkinson's Disease? Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:257-69. [PMID: 25625827 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and it is characterized by the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine and neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Thus far, current therapeutic strategies have failed to address neuronal degeneration. It has been reported that overproduction of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases through the induction of macromolecular oxidative damage and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways concurring to neuronal cell death. Indeed, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs have been the subject of recommendation as a complementary therapy alongside an effective symptomatic treatment to hamper the progression of PD. Today, much attention is paid to polyphenols in light of their potent capacity to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, while having much fewer side effects than most other drugs. Camellia sinensis L. is the most common ancient herbal tea prepared as a beverage worldwide and it possesses numerous beneficial effects on human health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is the best-known bioactive component of C. sinensis and is recognized to exert potent neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, autophagy, and neuronal cell death in vitro as well as in vivo. The present review appraises the available literature on the beneficial role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate pertaining to dopaminergic degeneration characteristic of PD with particular emphasis on its possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Renaud
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Research Group in Neuroscience, Université du Québec , Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- 2 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- 3 Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- 2 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- 1 Department of Medical Biology and Research Group in Neuroscience, Université du Québec , Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center , Québec, Canada
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Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y, Mash DC. Decreased vesicular storage and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:567-72. [PMID: 25829070 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) share some neuropathologic features (nigrostriatal dopaminergic lesion, alpha-synuclein deposition) but not others (Lewy bodies in PD, glial cytoplasmic inclusions in MSA). In PD evidence has accrued for a vesicular storage defect and decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in residual dopaminergic terminals, resulting in accumulation of the toxic dopamine (DA) metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). In this study we asked whether MSA entails a similar abnormal neurochemical pattern. METHODS DA and its main neuronal metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), norepinephrine (NE) and its main neuronal metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), the catecholamine precursor DOPA, and DOPAL were measured in striatal and frontal cortical tissue from patients with pathologically proven end-stage MSA (N = 15), sporadic PD (N = 17), and control subjects (N = 18). RESULTS Compared to the control group, the MSA and PD groups had similarly decreased putamen DA (by 96% and 93%, p < 0.0001), DOPAC (97% and 95%, p < 0.0001), NE (91% and 74%, p < 0.0001), and DHPG (81% and 74%, p < 0.0001). In the MSA and PD groups, ratios of DOPAL:DA were 2.3 and 3.5 times control and DHPG:NE 3.1 and 2.6 times control, while DOPAC:DOPAL ratios were decreased by 61% and 74%. In both diseases cortical NE and DHPG were decreased, while DA and DOPAC were not. CONCLUSIONS MSA and PD entail a catecholamine metabolic profile indicating impaired vesicular storage, decreased ALDH activity, and DOPAL buildup, which might be part of a common pathway in catecholamine neuronal death. Targeting this pathway by interfering with catecholaldehyde production or effects constitutes a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Patricia Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Holmes
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irwin J Kopin
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Cooney A, Jinsmaa Y, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y. Rotenone decreases intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase activity: implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2015; 133:14-25. [PMID: 25645689 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Repeated systemic administration of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone produces a rodent model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mechanisms of relatively selective rotenone-induced damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons remain incompletely understood. According to the 'catecholaldehyde hypothesis,' buildup of the autotoxic dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) contributes to PD pathogenesis. Vesicular uptake blockade increases DOPAL levels, and DOPAL is detoxified mainly by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). We tested whether rotenone interferes with vesicular uptake and intracellular ALDH activity. Endogenous and F-labeled catechols were measured in PC12 cells incubated with rotenone (0-1000 nM, 180 min), without or with F-dopamine (2 μM) to track vesicular uptake and catecholamine metabolism. Rotenone dose dependently increased DOPAL, F-DOPAL, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) levels while decreasing dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and the ratio of dopamine to the sum of its deaminated metabolites. In test tubes, rotenone did not affect conversion of DOPAL to DOPAC by ALDH when NAD(+) was supplied, whereas the direct-acting ALDH inhibitor benomyl markedly increased DOPAL and decreased DOPAC concentrations in the reaction mixtures. We propose that rotenone builds up intracellular DOPAL by decreasing ALDH activity and attenuating vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic catecholamines. The results provide a novel mechanism for selective rotenone-induced toxicity in dopaminergic neurons. We report that rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that produces an animal model of Parkinson's disease, increases intracellular levels of the toxic dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde (DOPAL), via decreased DOPAL metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and decreased vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic dopamine by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT). The results provide a novel mechanism for rotenone-induced toxicity in dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Cai H, Liu G, Sun L, Ding J. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 making molecular inroads into the differential vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subtypes in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2014; 3:27. [PMID: 25705376 PMCID: PMC4334846 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-3-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A preferential dysfunction/loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) accounts for the main motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common degenerative movement disorder. However, the neuronal loss is not stochastic, but rather displays regionally selectivity, indicating the existence of different DA subpopulations in the SNpc. To identify the underlying molecular determinants is thereby instrumental in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD-related neuron dysfunction/loss and offering new therapeutic targets. Recently, we have demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) is one such molecular determinant that defines and protects an SNpc DA neuron subpopulation preferentially affected in PD. In this review, we provide further analysis and discussion on the roles of ALDH1A1 in the function and survival of SNpc DA neurons in both rodent and human brains. We also explore the feasibility of ALDH1A1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Core, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Mosharov EV, Borgkvist A, Sulzer D. Presynaptic effects of levodopa and their possible role in dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2014; 30:45-53. [PMID: 25450307 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa replacement therapy has long provided the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). We review how this dopamine (DA) precursor enhances dopaminergic transmission by providing a greater sphere of neurotransmitter influence as a result of the confluence of increased quantal size and decreased DA reuptake, as well as loading DA as a false transmitter into surviving serotonin neuron synaptic vesicles. We further review literature on how presynaptic dysregulation of DA release after l-dopa might trigger dyskinesias in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V Mosharov
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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