101
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Kostaras E, Kaserer T, Lazaro G, Heuss SF, Hussain A, Casado P, Hayes A, Yandim C, Palaskas N, Yu Y, Schwartz B, Raynaud F, Chung YL, Cutillas PR, Vivanco I. A systematic molecular and pharmacologic evaluation of AKT inhibitors reveals new insight into their biological activity. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:542-555. [PMID: 32439931 PMCID: PMC7435276 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT, a critical effector of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling cascade, is an intensely pursued therapeutic target in oncology. Two distinct classes of AKT inhibitors have been in clinical development, ATP-competitive and allosteric. Class-specific differences in drug activity are likely the result of differential structural and conformational requirements governing efficient target binding, which ultimately determine isoform-specific potency, selectivity profiles and activity against clinically relevant AKT mutant variants. METHODS We have carried out a systematic evaluation of clinical AKT inhibitors using in vitro pharmacology, molecular profiling and biochemical assays together with structural modelling to better understand the context of drug-specific and drug-class-specific cell-killing activity. RESULTS Our data demonstrate clear differences between ATP-competitive and allosteric AKT inhibitors, including differential effects on non-catalytic activity as measured by a novel functional readout. Surprisingly, we found that some mutations can cause drug resistance in an isoform-selective manner despite high structural conservation across AKT isoforms. Finally, we have derived drug-class-specific phosphoproteomic signatures and used them to identify effective drug combinations. CONCLUSIONS These findings illustrate the utility of individual AKT inhibitors, both as drugs and as chemical probes, and the benefit of AKT inhibitor pharmacological diversity in providing a repertoire of context-specific therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kostaras
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, London, UK
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
| | - Glorianne Lazaro
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, London, UK
| | - Sara Farrah Heuss
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, London, UK
| | - Aasia Hussain
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, London, UK
| | - Pedro Casado
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Cihangir Yandim
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, London, UK
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, 35330, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nicolaos Palaskas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi Yu
- ArQule, Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Brian Schwartz
- ArQule, Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Burlington, MA, 01803, USA
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research London and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Igor Vivanco
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, London, UK.
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Richardson PG, Nagler A, Ben‐Yehuda D, Badros A, Hari PN, Hajek R, Spicka I, Kaya H, LeBlanc R, Yoon S, Kim K, Martinez‐Lopez J, Mittelman M, Shpilberg O, Blake P, Hideshima T, Colson K, Laubach JP, Ghobrial IM, Leiba M, Gatt ME, Sportelli P, Chen M, Anderson KC. Randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 study of perifosine combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma previously treated with bortezomib. EJHAEM 2020; 1:94-102. [PMID: 35847734 PMCID: PMC9175725 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perifosine, an investigational, oral, synthetic alkylphospholipid, inhibits signal transduction pathways of relevance in multiple myeloma (MM) including PI3K/Akt. Perifosine demonstrated anti‐MM activity in preclinical studies and encouraging early‐phase clinical activity in combination with bortezomib. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 3 study was conducted to evaluate addition of perifosine to bortezomib‐dexamethasone in MM patients with one to four prior therapies who had relapsed following previous bortezomib‐based therapy. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). The study was discontinued at planned interim analysis, with 135 patients enrolled. Median PFS was 22.7 weeks (95% confidence interval 16·0–45·4) in the perifosine arm and 39.0 weeks (18.3–50.1) in the placebo arm (hazard ratio 1.269 [0.817–1.969]; P = .287); overall response rates were 20% and 27%, respectively. Conversely, median overall survival (OS) was 141.9 weeks and 83.3 weeks (hazard ratio 0.734 [0.380–1.419]; P = .356). Overall, 61% and 55% of patients in the perifosine and placebo arms reported grade 3/4 adverse events, including thrombocytopenia (26% vs 14%), anemia (7% vs 8%), hyponatremia (6% vs 8%), and pneumonia (9% vs 3%). These findings demonstrate no PFS benefit from the addition of perifosine to bortezomib‐dexamethasone in this study of relapsed/refractory MM, but comparable safety and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Ashraf Badros
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Parameswaran N. Hari
- Department of Hematology/Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology University Hospital, Ostrava, and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Spicka
- First Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hakan Kaya
- Cancer Care Northwest Spokane Washington USA
| | - Richard LeBlanc
- CIUSSS de l'est de l’île de Montréal University of Montreal Montreal Canada
| | - Sung‐Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | | | | | - Ofer Shpilberg
- Institute of Hematology Assuta Medical Centers Tel Aviv and Ariel University Ariel Israel
| | | | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kathleen Colson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jacob P. Laubach
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Merav Leiba
- Assuta Ashdod University Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheba Israel
| | | | | | | | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
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103
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Jiang N, Dai Q, Su X, Fu J, Feng X, Peng J. Role of PI3K/AKT pathway in cancer: the framework of malignant behavior. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4587-4629. [PMID: 32333246 PMCID: PMC7295848 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Given that the PI3K/AKT pathway has manifested its compelling influence on multiple cellular process, we further review the roles of hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway in various human cancers. We state the abnormalities of PI3K/AKT pathway in different cancers, which are closely related with tumorigenesis, proliferation, growth, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem-like phenotype, immune microenvironment and drug resistance of cancer cells. In addition, we investigated the current clinical trials of inhibitors against PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers and found that the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors as monotherapy has so far been limited despite of the promising preclinical activity, which means combinations of targeted therapy may achieve better efficacies in cancers. In short, we hope to feature PI3K/AKT pathway in cancers to the clinic and bring the new promising to patients for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningni Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Qijie Dai
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Jianjiang Fu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Xuancheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510150 China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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104
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Sevoflurane Enhances Proliferation, Metastatic Potential of Cervical Cancer Cells via the Histone Deacetylase 6 Modulation In Vitro. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:1469-1481. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sevoflurane is commonly used for cervical cancer surgery, but its effect on cervical cancer cell biology remains unclear. This mechanistic study explores how sevoflurane affects the proliferation and metastatic potential of immortalized cervical cancer cell lines.
Methods
Cultured cervical cancer Caski and HeLa lines were exposed to 1, 2, or 3% sevoflurane for 2 or 4 h. Cell proliferation was determined through the Kit-8 assay and Ki-67 immunofluorescent staining. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated with the Transwell assay. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were used to identify sevoflurane-induced morphological and biochemical changes.
Results
Sevoflurane exposure for either 2 or 4 h significantly increased HeLa cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner to be 106 ± 2.7% and 107 ± 1.4% relative to the controls (n = 10; P = 0.036; P = 0.022) at 24 h after exposure and to be 106 ± 2.2% and 106 ± 1.7% relative to the controls (n = 10; P = 0.031; P = 0.023) at the highest concentration of 3% sevoflurane studied, respectively, but not Caski cells. Sevoflurane promoted invasion ability (1.63 ± 0.14 and 1.92 ± 0.12 relative to the controls) and increased cell size (1.69 ± 0.21 and 1.76 ± 0.13 relative to the controls) of Caski and HeLa cells (n = 6; all P < 0.001), respectively. Sevoflurane increased histone deacetylase 6 expression in both cells, and histone deacetylase 6 knockdown abolished the prometastatic effects of sevoflurane. Sevoflurane also induced deacetylation of α-tubulin in a histone deacetylase 6–dependent manner. The protein kinase B (AKT) or extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation inhibition attenuated sevoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.
Conclusions
Sevoflurane enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion of immortalized cervical cancer cells, which was likely associated with increasing histone deacetylase 6 expression caused by phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/AKT- and ERK1/2-signaling pathway activation.
Editor’s Perspective
What We Already Know about This Topic
What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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105
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Vaidya A, Jain S, Sahu S, Jain PK, Pathak K, Pathak D, Kumar R, Jain SK. Anticancer Agents Based on Vulnerable Components in a Signalling Pathway. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:886-907. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200212105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy
that are clinically beneficial, but are associated with drawbacks such as drug resistance and side
effects. In quest for better treatment, many new molecular targets have been introduced in the last few
decades. Finding new molecular mechanisms encourages researchers to discover new anticancer agents.
Exploring the mechanism of action also facilitates anticipation of potential resistance mechanisms and
optimization of rational combination therapies. The write up describes the leading molecular mechanisms
for cancer therapy, including mTOR, tyrosine Wee1 kinase (WEE1), Janus kinases, PI3K/mTOR
signaling pathway, serine/threonine protein kinase AKT, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), maternal embryonic
leucine-zipper kinase (MELK), DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
(PARP)-1/-2, sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2), pan-FGFR, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), murine double minute
2 (MDM2), Bcl-2 family protein and reactive oxygen species 1 (ROS1). Additionally, the manuscript
reviews the anticancer drugs currently under clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Vaidya
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Shweta Jain
- Sir MadanLal Institute of Pharmacy, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Sanjeev Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Jain
- Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Devender Pathak
- Pharmacy College Saifai, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Mao YQ, Han SF, Zhang SL, Zhang ZY, Kong CY, Chen HL, Li ZM, Cai PR, Han B, Wang LS. An approach using Caenorhabditis elegans screening novel targets to suppress tumour cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12832. [PMID: 32452127 PMCID: PMC7309951 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumour cell proliferation requires high metabolism to meet the bioenergetics and biosynthetic needs. Dauer in Caenorhabditis elegans is characterized by lower metabolism, and we established an approach with C elegans to find potential tumour therapy targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNAi screening was used to find dauer-related genes, and these genes were further analysed in glp-1(-) mutants for tumour-suppressing testing. The identified tumour-related genes were verified in clinical tumour tissues. RESULTS The lifespan of glp-1(-) mutants was found to be extended by classical dauer formation signalling. Then, 61 of 287 kinase-coding genes in Caenorhabditis elegans were identified as dauer-related genes, of which 27 were found to be homologous to human oncogenes. Furthermore, 12 dauer-related genes were randomly selected for tumour-suppressing test, and six genes significantly extended the lifespan of glp-1(-) mutants. Of these six genes, F47D12.9, W02B12.12 and gcy-21 were newly linked to dauer formation. These three new dauer-related genes significantly suppressed tumour cell proliferation and thus extended the lifespan of glp-1(-) mutants in a longevity- or dauer-independent manner. The mRNA expression profiles indicated that these dauer-related genes trigged similar low metabolism pattern in glp-1(-) mutants. Notably, the expression of homolog gene DCAF4L2/F47D12.9, TSSK6/W02B12.12 and NPR1/gcy-21 was found to be higher in glioma compared with adjacent normal tissue. In addition, the high expression of TSSK6/W02B12.12 and NPR1/gcy-21 correlated with a worse survival in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Dauer gene screening in combination with tumour-suppressing test in glp-1(-) mutants provided a useful approach to find potential targets for tumour therapy via suppressing tumour cell proliferation and rewiring tumour cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yue Kong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Ran Cai
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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107
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Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Shimura Y, Chinen Y, Tanba K, Kuwahara-Ota S, Fujibayashi Y, Nishiyama D, Isa R, Yamaguchi J, Kawaji-Kanayama Y, Kobayashi T, Horiike S, Taniwaki M, Kuroda J. Serine-227 in the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK2 is a potential therapeutic target for mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5185-5199. [PMID: 32420699 PMCID: PMC7367644 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RSK2 is a serine/threonine kinase downstream signaling mediator in the RAS/ERK signaling pathway and may be a therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an almost incurable disease subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. In this study, serine‐227 (RSK2Ser227) in the N‐terminal kinase domain (NTKD) of RSK2 was found to be ubiquitously active in five MCL‐derived cell lines and in tumor tissues derived from five MCL patients. BI‐D1870, an inhibitor specific to RSK2‐NTKD, caused RSK2Ser227 dephosphorylation, and thereby, induced dose‐dependent growth inhibition via G2/M cell cycle blockade and apoptosis in four of the five cell lines, while one cell line showed only modest sensitivity. In addition, RSK2 gene knockdown caused growth inhibition in the four BI‐D1870‐sensitive cell lines. Comparative gene expression profiling of the MCL‐derived cell lines showed that inhibition of RSK2Ser227 by BI‐D1870 caused downregulation of oncogenes, such as c‐MYC and MYB; anti‐apoptosis genes, such as BCL2 and BCL2L1; genes for B cell development, including IKZF1, IKZF3, and PAX5; and genes constituting the B cell receptor signaling pathway, such as CD19, CD79B, and BLNK. These findings show that targeting of RSK2Ser227 enables concomitant blockade of pathways that are critically important in B cell tumorigenesis. In addition, we found favorable combinatory growth inhibitory effects of BI‐D1870 with inhibitors of BTK (ibrutinib), AKT (ipatasertib), and BCL2 (venetoclax) in cell characteristic‐dependent manners. These results provide a rationale for RSK2Ser227 in the NTKD as a potential therapeutic target in MCL and for future development of a novel bioavailable RSK2 NTKD‐specific inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuna Tanba
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Kuwahara-Ota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Nishiyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reiko Isa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawaji-Kanayama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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108
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Uko NE, Güner OF, Matesic DF, Bowen JP. Akt Pathway Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:883-900. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200224101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that has plagued humans from ancient times to this day. After
decades of slow research progress, promising drug development, and the identification of new targets,
the war on cancer was launched, in 1972. The P13K/Akt pathway is a growth-regulating cellular signaling
pathway, which in many human cancers is over-activated. Studies have demonstrated that a decrease
in Akt activity by Akt inhibitors is associated with a reduction in tumor cell proliferation. There have
been several promising drug candidates that have been studied, including but not limited to ipatasertib
(RG7440), 1; afuresertib (GSK2110183), 2; uprosertib (GSK2141795), 3; capivasertib (AZD5363), 4;
which reportedly bind to the ATP active site and inhibit Akt activity, thus exerting cytotoxic and antiproliferative
activities against human cancer cells. For most of the compounds discussed in this review,
data from preclinical studies in various cancers suggest a mechanistic basis involving hyperactivated
Akt signaling. Allosteric inhibitors are also known to alter the activity of kinases. Perifosine (KRX-
0401), 5, an alkylphospholipid, is known as the first allosteric Akt inhibitor to enter clinical development
and is mechanistically characterized as a PH-domain dependent inhibitor, non-competitive with
ATP. This results in a reduction in Akt enzymatic and cellular activities. Other small molecule (MK-
2206, 6, PHT-427, Akti-1/2) inhibitors with a similar mechanism of action, alter Akt activity through the
suppression of cell growth mediated by the inhibition of Akt membrane localization and subsequent activation.
The natural product solenopsin has been identified as an inhibitor of Akt. A few promising solenopsin
derivatives have emerged through pharmacophore modeling, energy-based calculations, and
property predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nne E. Uko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Osman F. Güner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, CA, United States
| | - Diane F. Matesic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - J. Phillip Bowen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
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109
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Li Y, Wu S, Zhang J, Zhou R, Cai X. Sulphur doped carbon dots enhance photodynamic therapy via PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12821. [PMID: 32364266 PMCID: PMC7260068 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for cancer treatment, and the underlying signalling pathway changes has been carried out for studying the PDT mechanisms, but is majorly limited to organic photosensitizers (PSs). For the emerging nano-PSs typically possessing higher 1 O2 quantum yield, few mechanistic studies were carried out, which limited their further applications in clinical therapeutics. PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, a most frequently activated signalling network in cancers, could promote cancer cell survival, but was seldom reported in previous PDT studies mediated by nano-PSs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sulphur doped carbon dots (S-CDs) was prepared via a hydrothermal synthetic route and was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and so on. CCK-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining were performed to demonstrate the death of cancer cells, Western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence were employed to explore the underlying mechanism, and variation of PI3K/Akt and other signalling pathways was detected by Western blot. RESULTS S-CDs was successfully synthesized, and it was much more efficient compared with classic organic PSs. S-CDs could induce cancer cell death through mitochondria mediated cell apoptosis with the imbalance of Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase cascade via several signalling pathways. Low concentration of S-CDs could effectively inhibit PI3K/Akt pathway and promote p38/JNK pathway, on one way inhibiting cancer cell survival and on the other way promoting cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we found that S-CDs acted as an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway for efficient cancer cell killing, thus yielding in a higher PDT performance over the existing photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shihong Wu
- Analytical & Testing CenterSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- Department of ProsthodonticsTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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110
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Robertson JFR, Coleman RE, Cheung KL, Evans A, Holcombe C, Skene A, Rea D, Ahmed S, Jahan A, Horgan K, Rauchhaus P, Littleford R, Cheung SYA, Cullberg M, de Bruin EC, Koulai L, Lindemann JPO, Pass M, Rugman P, Schiavon G, Deb R, Finlay P, Foxley A, Gee JMW. Proliferation and AKT Activity Biomarker Analyses after Capivasertib (AZD5363) Treatment of Patients with ER + Invasive Breast Cancer (STAKT). Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1574-1585. [PMID: 31836609 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The STAKT study examined short-term exposure (4.5 days) to the oral selective pan-AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) to determine if this drug can reach its therapeutic target in sufficient concentration to significantly modulate key biomarkers of the AKT pathway and tumor proliferation. PATIENTS AND METHODS STAKT was a two-stage, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, "window-of-opportunity" study in patients with newly diagnosed ER+ invasive breast cancer. Stage 1 assessed capivasertib 480 mg b.i.d. (recommended monotherapy dose) and placebo, and stage 2 assessed capivasertib 360 and 240 mg b.i.d. Primary endpoints were changes from baseline in AKT pathway markers pPRAS40, pGSK3β, and proliferation protein Ki67. Pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic properties were analyzed from blood sampling, and tolerability by adverse-event monitoring. RESULTS After 4.5 days' exposure, capivasertib 480 mg b.i.d. (n = 17) produced significant decreases from baseline versus placebo (n = 11) in pGSK3β (H-score absolute change: -55.3, P = 0.006) and pPRAS40 (-83.8, P < 0.0001), and a decrease in Ki67 (absolute change in percentage positive nuclei: -9.6%, P = 0.031). Significant changes also occurred in secondary signaling biomarker pS6 (-42.3, P = 0.004), while pAKT (and nuclear FOXO3a) also increased in accordance with capivasertib's mechanism (pAKT: 81.3, P = 0.005). At doses of 360 mg b.i.d. (n = 5) and 240 mg b.i.d. (n = 6), changes in primary and secondary biomarkers were also observed, albeit of smaller magnitude. Biomarker modulation was dose and concentration dependent, and no new safety signals were evident. CONCLUSIONS Capivasertib 480 mg b.i.d. rapidly modulates key biomarkers of the AKT pathway and decreases proliferation marker Ki67, suggesting future potential as an effective therapy in AKT-dependent breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anthony Skene
- Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Daniel Rea
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Ali Jahan
- King's Mill Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Pass
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Rugman
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rahul Deb
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
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111
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Ceramide Kinase Is Upregulated in Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells and Contributes to Migration and Invasion by Activation of PI 3-Kinase and Akt. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041396. [PMID: 32092937 PMCID: PMC7073039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide kinase (CerK) is a lipid kinase that converts the proapoptotic ceramide to ceramide 1-phosphate, which has been proposed to have pro-malignant properties and regulate cell responses such as proliferation, migration, and inflammation. We used the parental human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and two single cell progenies derived from lung and bone metastasis upon injection of the parental cells into immuno-deficient mice. The lung and the bone metastatic cell lines showed a marked upregulation of CerK mRNA and activity when compared to the parental cell line. The metastatic cells also had increased migratory and invasive activity, which was dose-dependently reduced by the selective CerK inhibitor NVP-231. A similar reduction of migration was seen when CerK was stably downregulated with small hairpin RNA (shRNA). Conversely, overexpression of CerK in parental MDA-MB-231 cells enhanced migration, and this effect was also observed in the non-metastatic cell line MCF7 upon CerK overexpression. On the molecular level, CerK overexpression increased the activation of protein kinase Akt. The increased migration of CerK overexpressing cells was mitigated by the CerK inhibitor NVP-231, by inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and the Rho kinase, but not by inhibition of the classical extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Altogether, our data demonstrate for the first time that CerK promotes migration and invasion of metastatic breast cancer cells and that targeting of CerK has potential to counteract metastasis in breast cancer.
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112
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Ou X, Lv W. Metabolic changes and interaction of tumor cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell and T cell in hypoxic microenvironment. Future Oncol 2020; 16:383-393. [PMID: 32067476 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is universally acknowledged that a large number of immune cells, as well as inflammatory factors, regulatory factors and metabolites, accumulate in the tumor microenvironment to jointly promote tumor escape, development and metastasis. Hypoxia is one of the characteristics in tumor microenvironment and is a common phenomenon in all solid tumors. In tumor hypoxia response, there is a key regulator called HIF-1a, which is a key transcriptional regulatory protein that regulates many critical genes. In this paper, the effects of hypoxia on glucose metabolism of tumor cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T cells in tumor microenvironment were reviewed, and the interaction among the three was also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantu Ou
- Clinical laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, No. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528308, PR China
| | - Weibiao Lv
- Clinical laboratory of Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, No. 1 Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528308, PR China
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113
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Hayashi D, Shirai T, Terauchi R, Tsuchida S, Mizoshiri N, Mori Y, Arai Y, Mazda O, Kubo T. Pristimerin inhibits the proliferation of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2963-2970. [PMID: 32218852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma that is classified as a rare cancer. Therefore, no standard anti-tumor drug therapy has been established for fibrosarcoma. Although pristimerin (PM) has been reported to exert an anti-tumor effect on various types of cancer, no studies have examined the therapeutic effect of PM on soft tissue sarcoma. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect of PM on human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080). The present study examined the cell viability, IC50 values and ability to induce apoptosis of PM in HT1080 and normal human dermal fibroblast (aHDF) cells. The effect of PM on the following signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation was also evaluated: AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Using mice subcutaneously transplanted with fibrosarcoma cells, the effect of PM treatment was investigated on tumor growth inhibition, body weight and liver and renal function. The results revealed that PM administration reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent matter. In HT1080 cells, the IC50 value of PM was 0.16 µM at 24 h and 0.13 µM at 48 h. PM treatment also decreased the levels of phosphorylated AKT, mTOR, NF-κB and phosphorylated ERK in a dose-dependent manner. In the PM injection group, the increase in tumor volume was significantly reduced and the effect on weight loss and liver and renal function were revealed to be insignificant. PM exerted little effect on normal human dermal fibroblasts and was highly effective against human fibrosarcoma cells. The results indicated that PM may be used as a potential therapeutic agent against fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shirai
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryu Terauchi
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsuchida
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizoshiri
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Sports and Parasports Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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114
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Le Grand M, Kimpton K, Gana CC, Valli E, Fletcher JI, Kavallaris M. Targeting Functional Activity of AKT Has Efficacy against Aggressive Neuroblastoma. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:148-160. [PMID: 32259094 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma is one of the deadliest forms of childhood cancer and remains a significant clinical challenge. Direct pharmacological inhibition of MYCN is not currently achievable. One strategy could be to target the AKT/GSK3β pathway, which directly regulates the stability of the MYCN protein. Numerous potent and isoform-specific small-molecule AKT inhibitors have been developed. However, the selection of the right drug combinations in the relevant indication will have a significant impact on AKT inhibitor clinical success. To maximally exploit the potential of AKT inhibitors, a better understanding of AKT isoform functions in cancer is crucial. Here using RNAi to downregulate specific AKT isoforms, we demonstrated that loss of total AKT activity rather than isoform-specific expression was necessary to decrease MYCN expression and cause a significant decrease in neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Consistent with these observations, isoform-specific pharmacological inhibition of AKT was substantially less effective than pan-AKT inhibition in combination with cytotoxic drugs in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. The allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor perifosine had promising in vitro and in vivo activity in combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Our results demonstrated that perifosine drug combination was able to induce apoptosis and downregulate ABC transporter expression. Collectively, this study shows that selecting pan-AKT inhibitors rather than isoform-specific drugs to synergize with first-line chemotherapy treatment should be considered for clinical trials for aggressive neuroblastoma and, potentially, other MYCN -driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Le Grand
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kathleen Kimpton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christine C Gana
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Emanuele Valli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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115
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Xiao Z, Wei Z, Deng D, Zheng Z, Zhao Y, Jiang S, Zhang D, Zhang LJ, Fan M, Chen S, Wang S, Ding Y, Ye Y, Jiao H. Downregulation of Siah1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating AKT and YAP ubiquitylation and proteasome degradation. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:50. [PMID: 32082080 PMCID: PMC7020597 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Siah1) has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene and plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors. However, the potential role and molecular mechanism of Siah1 in the development and progression of CRC is still unclear. Methods To explore the role and molecular mechanism of Siah1 in the development and progression of CRC, we examined the expression of Siah1 in CRC tissue samples and analyzed its association with progression and prognosis in CRC. In addition, overexpression and knockdown of Siah1 was used to investigate its activity in CRC cells. We also use bioinformatics to analyze and verify the significant roles of Siah1 in critical signaling pathways of CRC. Results We found that the expression of Siah1 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, and low expression of Siah1 was associated with aggressive TNM staging and poor survival of CRC patients. Moreover, we revealed that overexpression of Siah1 in CRC cells markedly inhibited CRC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo, while knockdown of Siah1 enhanced CRC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, we found that Siah1 prohibited cell proliferation and invasion in CRC partially through promoting AKT (the serine-threonine protein kinase) and YAP (yes associated protein) ubiquitylation and proteasome degradation to regulate the activity of MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase 1), PI3K-AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-the serine-threonine protein kinase) and Hippo signaling pathways. Conclusions These findings suggested that Siah1 is a novel potential prognostic biomarker and plays a tumor suppressor role in the development and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xiao
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.,3Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Zhigang Wei
- 4Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danling Deng
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Shaoyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Shaoyang Hospital of University of South China, Shaoyang, Hunan China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglu Jiang
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Jie Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingmei Fan
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - ShuYang Wang
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Ye
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Jiao
- 1Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China.,2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
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116
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Dang NN, Jiao J, Meng X, An Y, Han C, Huang S. Abnormal overexpression of G9a in melanoma cells promotes cancer progression via upregulation of the Notch1 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2393-2407. [PMID: 32015216 PMCID: PMC7041736 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a type of very dangerous skin cancer. Histone modifiers usually become dysregulated during the process of carcinoma development, thus there is potential for a histone modifier inhibitor as a useful drug for cancer therapy. There is a multitude of evidence regarding the role of G9a, a histone methyltransferase (HMTase), in tumorigenesis. In this study, we first showed that G9a was significantly upregulated in melanoma patients. Using the TCGA database, we found a significantly higher expression of G9a in primary melanoma samples (n = 461) compared to normal skin samples (n = 551). Next, we knocked down G9a in human M14 and A375 melanoma cell lines in vitro via small interfering RNA (siRNA). This resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, migration and invasion, and an increase in cell apoptosis. UNC0642 is a small molecule inhibitor of G9a that demonstrates minimal cell toxicity and good in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics. We investigated the role of UNC0642 in melanoma cells, and detected its anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Next, we treated cells with UNC0642, and observed a significant decrease in cell viability in M14 and A375 cell lines. Furthermore, treatment with UNC0642 resulted in increased apoptosis. In immunocompetent mice bearing A375 engrafts, treatment with UNC0642 inhibited tumor growth. Results of Western blot analysis revealed that administration of UNC0642 or silencing of G9a expression by siRNA reduced Notch1 expression significantly and decreased the level of Hes1 in A375. All in all, the data from our study demonstrates potential of G9a as a therapeutic target in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianguang Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunhe An
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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117
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Lee HH, Chin A, Pak K, Wasserman SI, Kurabi A, Ryan AF. Role of the PI3K/AKT pathway and PTEN in otitis media. Exp Cell Res 2020; 387:111758. [PMID: 31837294 PMCID: PMC7824983 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal hyperplasia is common sequela of otitis media (OM), leading to the secretion of mucus and the recruitment of leukocytes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying hyperplasia are not well defined. Here, we investigated the role of the AKT pathway in the development of middle mucosal hyperplasia using in vitro mucosal explants cultures and an in vivo rat model. The Akt inhibitor MK2206 treatment inhibited the growth of middle ear mucosal explants in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, MK2206 also reduced mucosal hyperplasia. Unexpectedly, while PTEN is generally thought to act in opposition to AKT, the PTEN inhibitor BPV reduced mucosal explant growth in vitro. The results indicate that both AKT and PTEN are mediators of mucosal growth during OM, and could be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Ho Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anthony Chin
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kwang Pak
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen I Wasserman
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Arwa Kurabi
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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118
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Wong CK, Lambert AW, Ozturk S, Papageorgis P, Lopez D, Shen N, Sen Z, Abdolmaleky HM, Győrffy B, Feng H, Thiagalingam S. Targeting RICTOR Sensitizes SMAD4-Negative Colon Cancer to Irinotecan. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:414-423. [PMID: 31932471 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering molecular targets to enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy is becoming a priority for effectively treating cancers. Loss of function mutations of SMAD4 in colon cancer are associated with metastatic progression and resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the most extensively used drug of almost all chemotherapy combinations used in the treatment of metastatic colon cancer. Here, we report that SMAD4 deficiency also confers resistance to irinotecan, another common chemotherapeutic frequently used alone or in combination with 5-FU against colon cancer. Mechanistically, we find that SMAD4 interacts with and inhibits RICTOR, a component of the mTORC2 complex, resulting in suppression of downstream effector phosphorylation of AKT at Serine 473. In silico meta-analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets derived from tumors indicates that lower levels of SMAD4 or higher levels of RICTOR/AKT, irrespective of the SMAD4 status, correlate with poor survival, suggesting them as strong prognostic biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, we find that overexpression of SMAD4 or depletion of RICTOR suppresses AKT signaling and increases sensitivity to irinotecan in SMAD4-deficient colon cancer cells. Consistent with these observations, pharmacologic inhibition of AKT sensitizes SMAD4-negative colon cancer cells to irinotecan in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our study suggests that hyperactivation of the mTORC2 pathway is a therapeutic vulnerability that could be exploited to sensitize SMAD4-negative colon cancer to irinotecan. IMPLICATIONS: Hyperactivation of the mTORC2 pathway in SMAD4-negative colon cancer provides a mechanistic rationale for targeted inhibition of mTORC2 or AKT as a distinctive combinatorial therapeutic opportunity with chemotherapy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Khuan Wong
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arthur W Lambert
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sait Ozturk
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Delia Lopez
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zaina Sen
- Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hamid M Abdolmaleky
- Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gurung AB, Borah P, Bhattacharjee A. Data-mining technique identifies potential target proteins playing a dual role in inflammation and oxidative stress pathways in relation to atherosclerosis plaque development. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2019.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Liu L, Xie D, Xie H, Huang W, Zhang J, Jin W, Jiang W, Xie D. ARHGAP10 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of CRC Cells via Blocking the Activity of RhoA/AKT Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11507-11516. [PMID: 31920339 PMCID: PMC6938210 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ARHGAP10 belongs to the ARHGAP family, which is downregulated in certain human tumors. However, the detailed function of ARHGAP10 remains unclear in human colon carcinoma (CRC). In the current study, we aimed to explore the role of ARHGAP10 in the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. Methods ARHGAP10 was induced silencing and overexpression using RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral-vector in CRC cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to quantify the mRNA and protein contents of ARHGAP10. Cell proliferation was determined by using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Transwell assay was utilized to examine the role of ARHGAP10 in the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Results Our results indicated that ARHGAP10 was downregulated in human CRC tissues and low expression of ARHGAP10 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Moreover, ARHGAP10 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Moreover, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 was utilized to examine the connection between ARHGAP10 and AKT. Our findings demonstrated that the AKT inhibitor LY294002 could rescue the function of ARHGAP10 in CRC cells. Discussion It was the first time to elucidate that AKT involved in the ARHGAP10 signaling pathway and ARHGAP10 negatively mediated the phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) and RhoA activity in CRC cells. Interestingly, the Rho/MRTF/SRF inhibitor CCG-1423 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT in ARHGAP10 siRNA transfected CRC cells. Much importantly, overexpression of ARHGAP10 deeply suppressed the metastasis of CRC cells in the lung in vivo. Taken together, our findings not only enhanced the understanding of the anti-cancer effect of ARHGAP10 in CRC cells but also indicated its underlying pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Xie
- Department of Spleen-Stomach, Zhenjiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Spleen-Stomach, Zhenjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haina Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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You I, Erickson EC, Donovan KA, Eleuteri NA, Fischer ES, Gray NS, Toker A. Discovery of an AKT Degrader with Prolonged Inhibition of Downstream Signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 27:66-73.e7. [PMID: 31859249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling cascade is one of the most commonly dysregulated pathways in cancer, with over half of tumors exhibiting aberrant AKT activation. Although potent small-molecule AKT inhibitors have entered clinical trials, robust and durable therapeutic responses have not been observed. As an alternative strategy to target AKT, we report the development of INY-03-041, a pan-AKT degrader consisting of the ATP-competitive AKT inhibitor GDC-0068 conjugated to lenalidomide, a recruiter of the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor Cereblon (CRBN). INY-03-041 induced potent degradation of all three AKT isoforms and displayed enhanced anti-proliferative effects relative to GDC-0068. Notably, INY-03-041 promoted sustained AKT degradation and inhibition of downstream signaling effects for up to 96 h, even after compound washout. Our findings suggest that AKT degradation may confer prolonged pharmacological effects compared with inhibition, and highlight the potential advantages of AKT-targeted degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inchul You
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily C Erickson
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas A Eleuteri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Thirumal Kumar D, Jain N, Evangeline J, Kamaraj B, Siva R, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. A computational approach for investigating the mutational landscape of RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) and screening inhibitors against the oncogenic E17K mutation causing breast cancer. Comput Biol Med 2019; 115:103513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dai DP, Yu LZ, Ye MF. LincRNA-p21 reverses irinotecan resistance in colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1356-1364. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i22.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan (camptothecin-11, CPT-11) is a first-line chemotherapy drug for advanced colon cancer, but CPT-11 resistance limits its efficacy. Studying the mechanism of CPT-11 resistance in colon cancer and restoring the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to CPT-11 are of great clinical value in prolonging the life time of colon cancer patients.
AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) on CPT-11 resistance in colon cancer cells.
METHODS HCT-8 and SW480 cells were used to construct irinotecan-resistant HCT-8/CPT-11 and SW480/CPT-11 cell lines by continuously exposing them to increasing concentrations of CPT-11, and the expression of lincRNA-p21 in the cells was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). After transfection with pcDNA-lincRNA-p21 or si-lincRNA-p21, the effect of CPT-11 on the viability of HCT-8/CPT-11 cells or SW480/CPT-11 cells was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The regulatory effect of lincRNA-p21 on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway was preliminarily analyzed by Western blot. After pretreatment with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 prior to transfection with si-lincRNA-p21, or pretreatment with PI3K/AKT pathway agonist Recilisib prior to transfection with pcDNA-lincRNA-p21, the effect of CPT-11 on cell viability in HCT-8/CPT-11 cells or SW480/CPT-11 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay.
RESULTS LincRNA-p21 expression in CPT-11 resistant cells was significantly lower than that in parental cells. Overexpression of lincRNA-p21 inhibited the resistance of HCT-8/CPT-11 cells and SW480/CPT-11 cells to CPT-11, while knockdown of lincRNA-p21 enhanced the resistance of HCT-8/CPT-11 cells and SW480/CPT-11 cells to CPT-11. Western blot results showed that overexpression of lincRNA-p21 inhibited the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway, while knockdown of lincRNA-p21 enhanced the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway. LY294002 inhibited the promotive effect of lincRNA-p21 knockdown on CPT-11 resistance, while Recilisib inhibited the inhibitive effect of lincRNA-p21 overexpression on CPT-11 resistance.
CONCLUSION Up-regulation of lincRNA-p21 can inhibit the CPT-11 resistance of colorectal cancer cells, while down-regulation of lincRNA-p21 can promote their CPT-11 resistance, which may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling activity by lincRNA-p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ping Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou Grace Medical Center (Group), Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou Grace Medical Center (Group), Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Fei Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou Grace Medical Center (Group), Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Battle tactics against MMP-9; discovery of novel non-hydroxamate MMP-9 inhibitors endowed with PI3K/AKT signaling attenuation and caspase 3/7 activation via Ugi bis-amide synthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111875. [PMID: 31740054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are major modulators of the tumor microenvironment. They participate in extracellular matrix turnover, tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Accordingly, MMPs inhibition seems to be ideal solution to control cancer. Many MMPs inhibitors have been introduced ranging from hydroxamate-based peptidomimetics to the next generation non-hydroxamate inhibitors. Among MMPs, MMP-9 is attractive druggable anticancer target. Studies showed that inhibiting AKT, the central signaling node of MMP-9 upregulation, provides additional MMP-9 blockade. Furthermore, caspase-dependent AKT cleavage leads to cell death. Herein, Ugi MCR was utilized as a rapid combinatorial approach to generate various decorated bis-amide scaffolds as dual MMP-9/AKT inhibitors endowed with caspase 3/7 activation potential. The target adducts were designed to mimic the thematic structural features of non-hydroxamate MMP inhibitors. p-Nitrophenyl isonitrile 1 was utilized as structure entry to Ugi products with some structural similarities to amide-based caspase 3/7 activators. Besides, various acids, amines and aldehydes were employed as Ugi educts to enrich the SAR data. All adducts were screened for cytotoxicity against normal fibroblasts and three cancer cell lines; MCF-7, NFS-60 and HepG-2 utilizing MTT assay. 8, 11 and 28 were more active and safer than doxorubicin with single-digit nM IC50 and promising selectivity. Mechanistically, they exhibited dual MMP-9/AKT inhibition at single-digit nM IC50 with excellent selectivity over MMP-1,-2 and -13, and induced >51% caspase 3/7 activation. Consequently, they induced >49% apoptosis as detected by flow cytometric analysis, and inhibited cell migration (metastasis) up to 97% in cancer cells. Docking simulations were nearly consistent with enzymatic evaluation, also declared possible binding modes and essential structure features of active compounds. In silico physicochemical properties, ligand efficiency and drug-likeness metrics were reasonable for all adducts. Interestingly, 8 and 28 can be considered as drug-like candidates.
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Wang B, Wang G, Wang Q, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Chen K, Yang H. Silencing of TRIM11 suppresses the tumorigenicity of chordoma cells through improving the activity of PHLPP1/AKT. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:284. [PMID: 31719797 PMCID: PMC6839251 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 (TRIM11), a member of RING family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is identified as an oncogene in certain human tumors. However, the detailed biological function of TRIM11 in chordoma is still unclear. The purpose of present research is to explore the role of TRIM11 in human chordoma cells. METHODS TRIM11 was induced silencing and overexpression in human chordoma cells using RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral vector. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to determine gene expression in chordomas cells. Meanwhile, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to examine the cell proliferation rate. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to quantify the cell apoptosis rate. RESULTS We identified that TRIM11 was upregulated in chordomas tissues. Moreover, TRIM11 presented pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis function in chordoma cells. Further, LY294002, a specific AKT inhibitor, was utilized to examine the connection between TRIM11 and AKT in human chordoma cells. Importantly, our findings elucidated that TRIM11 promoted the growth of chordoma cells and involved in AKT signaling. Much more importantly, knockdown of TRIM11 significantly upregulated the translation of PH domain leucine-rich repeats protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1), whereas did not affect its transcription. Results that obtained from co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and ubiquitination assay demonstrated TRIM11 interacted with PHLPP1 and promoted its ubiquitination in chordoma cells. Moreover, overexpression of PHLPP1 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT in human chordomas cells. These results suggested that TRIM11 mediated the post-translation modification of PHLPP1 and was a novel component in PHLPP1/AKT signaling pathway in human chordoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present research not only enhanced the understanding of TRIM11 but also indicated its potential target and signaling pathway in human chordoma cells.Trial registration retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Rd 188, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Rd 188, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Rd 188, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangwu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Rd 188, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Shizi Rd 188, Suzhou, 215006 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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Ma L, Yao N, Chen P, Zhuang Z. TRIM27 promotes the development of esophagus cancer via regulating PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:283. [PMID: 31719796 PMCID: PMC6839104 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tripartite motif‑containing 27 (TRIM27) belongs to the TRIM protein family, which is closely related to the progression of some certain human cancers. Nevertheless, the biological function of TRIM27 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still not clear. The aim of present research is to examine the function of TRIM27 in ESCC cells. Methods In the present study, RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral vector were used to knockdown and overexpression of TRIM27 in ESCC cells respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to examine the expression of TRIM27 in ESCC cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to determine the proliferation of cells. Results Our analyses indicated that TRIM27 was a pro-proliferation factor in ESCC cells. Moreover, overexpression of TRIM27 deeply suppressed the apoptosis of ESCC cells and accelerated its glucose uptake. In addition, an AKT inhibitor LY294002 was used to determine the connection between TRIM27 and AKT in ESCC cells. Our results demonstrated that TRIM27 has involved in the PI3/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, TRIM27 interacted with PTEN and mediated its poly-ubiquitination in ESCC cells. Importantly, the glycolysis inhibitor 3-BrPA also inhibited the effect of TRIM27 on ESCC cells. Hence, TRIM27 also participated in the regulation of energy metabolism in ESCC cells. Conclusions This research not only gained a deep insight into the biological function of TRIM27 but also elucidated its potential target and signaling pathway in human ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sanxiang Road No. 1055, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004 Jiangsu China.,Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yulong West Road No.166, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224001 Jiangsu China
| | - Ninghua Yao
- 3Departments of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yulong West Road No.166, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224001 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Sanxiang Road No. 1055, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004 Jiangsu China
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Inhibition of TFF3 Enhances Sensitivity-and Overcomes Acquired Resistance-to Doxorubicin in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Mammary Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101528. [PMID: 31658702 PMCID: PMC6826976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dose-dependent toxicity and acquired resistance are two major challenges limiting the efficacious treatment of mammary carcinoma (MC) with doxorubicin. Herein, we investigated the function of Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) in the sensitivity and acquired resistance of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MC cells to doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment of ER+MC cells increased TFF3 expression. The depletion of TFF3 by siRNA or inhibition with a small molecule TFF3 inhibitor (AMPC) synergistically enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin in ER+MC through the suppression of doxorubicin-induced AKT activation and enhancement of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Elevated expression of TFF3 and increased activation of AKT were also observed using a model of acquired doxorubicin resistance in ER+MC cells. AMPC partially re-sensitized the doxorubicin resistant cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Indeed, doxorubicin resistant ER + MC cells exhibited increased sensitivity to AMPC as a single agent compared to doxorubicin sensitive cells. In vivo, AMPC attenuated growth of doxorubicin sensitive ER+MC xenografts whereas it produced regression of xenografts generated by doxorubicin resistant ER+MC cells. Hence, TFF3 inhibition may improve the efficacy and reduce required doses of doxorubicin in ER+MC. Moreover, inhibition of TFF3 may also be an effective therapeutic strategy to eradicate doxorubicin resistant ER+MC.
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128
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Luo ZK, Chen QF, Qu X, Zhou XY. The Roles And Signaling Pathways Of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein 4 In Tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7685-7690. [PMID: 31571919 PMCID: PMC6755245 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s216161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) has been found to be highly expressed in many tumors and to be closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis of tumors. PEBP4 has also been found to be involved in many cancer-activated signaling pathways and to cause therapeutic resistance. In this study, we first reviewed the morphological structure and expression of PEBP4, then discussed the roles of PEBP4 in individualized treatment of some cancers, and finally explored the possibilities of cultivating PEBP4 as a therapeutic target.We also identified the main signaling pathways in which PEBP4 affects different cancers. It is here concluded that over-expression of PEBP4 can enhance the proliferation and metastasis of the cancer cells and the resistance to radiotherapy/chemotherapy in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kang Luo
- Department of Clinical Medical, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Feng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, People's Republic of China
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Sánchez-de-Diego C, Valer JA, Pimenta-Lopes C, Rosa JL, Ventura F. Interplay between BMPs and Reactive Oxygen Species in Cell Signaling and Pathology. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E534. [PMID: 31561501 PMCID: PMC6843432 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of cell extrinsic and intrinsic signals is required to maintain appropriate cell physiology and homeostasis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines that belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which play a key role in embryogenesis, organogenesis and regulation of whole-body homeostasis. BMPs interact with membrane receptors that transduce information to the nucleus through SMAD-dependent and independent pathways, including PI3K-AKT and MAPKs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intracellular molecules derived from the partial reduction of oxygen. ROS are highly reactive and govern cellular processes by their capacity to regulate signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, MAPKs, KEAP1-NRF2 and PI3K-AKT). Emerging evidence indicates that BMPs and ROS interplay in a number of ways. BMPs stimulate ROS production by inducing NOX expression, while ROS regulate the expression of several BMPs. Moreover, BMPs and ROS influence common signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT and MAPK. Additionally, dysregulation of BMPs and ROS occurs in several pathologies, including vascular and musculoskeletal diseases, obesity, diabetes and kidney injury. Here, we review the current knowledge on the integration between BMP and ROS signals and its potential applications in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet Llobregat, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Valer
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Carolina Pimenta-Lopes
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet Llobregat, Spain.
| | - José Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet Llobregat, Spain.
- IDIBELL, Avinguda Granvia de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet Llobregat, Spain.
- IDIBELL, Avinguda Granvia de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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130
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Ghosh S, Padmanabhan A, Vaidya T, Watson AM, Bhutto IA, Hose S, Shang P, Stepicheva N, Yazdankhah M, Weiss J, Das M, Gopikrishna S, Aishwarya, Yadav N, Berger T, Mak TW, Xia S, Qian J, Lutty GA, Jayagopal A, Zigler JS, Sethu S, Handa JT, Watkins SC, Ghosh A, Sinha D. Neutrophils homing into the retina trigger pathology in early age-related macular degeneration. Commun Biol 2019; 2:348. [PMID: 31552301 PMCID: PMC6754381 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an expanding problem as longevity increases worldwide. While inflammation clearly contributes to vision loss in AMD, the mechanism remains controversial. Here we show that neutrophils are important in this inflammatory process. In the retinas of both early AMD patients and in a mouse model with an early AMD-like phenotype, we show neutrophil infiltration. Such infiltration was confirmed experimentally using ribbon-scanning confocal microscopy (RSCM) and IFNλ- activated dye labeled normal neutrophils. With neutrophils lacking lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), infiltration was greatly reduced. Further, increased levels of IFNλ in early AMD trigger neutrophil activation and LCN-2 upregulation. LCN-2 promotes inflammation by modulating integrin β1 levels to stimulate adhesion and transmigration of activated neutrophils into the retina. We show that in the mouse model, inhibiting AKT2 neutralizes IFNλ inflammatory signals, reduces LCN-2-mediated neutrophil infiltration, and reverses early AMD-like phenotype changes. Thus, AKT2 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in early, dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | | - Alan M. Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Imran A. Bhutto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Nadezda Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Meysam Yazdankhah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joseph Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | | - Aishwarya
- Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Naresh Yadav
- Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Gerard A. Lutty
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ashwath Jayagopal
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Present Address: Kodiak Sciences, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - J. Samuel Zigler
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - James T. Handa
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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131
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Allosteric AKT Inhibitors Target Synthetic Lethal Vulnerabilities in E-Cadherin-Deficient Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091359. [PMID: 31540244 PMCID: PMC6769709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDH1 gene, encoding the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in gastric cancer and inactivating germline CDH1 mutations are responsible for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC). Using cell viability assays, we identified that breast (MCF10A) and gastric (NCI-N87) cells lacking CDH1 expression are more sensitive to allosteric AKT inhibitors than their CDH1-expressing isogenic counterparts. Apoptosis priming and total apoptosis assays in the isogenic MCF10A cells confirmed the enhanced sensitivity of E-cadherin-null cells to the AKT inhibitors. In addition, two of these inhibitors, ARQ-092 and MK2206, preferentially targeted mouse-derived gastric Cdh1−/− organoids for growth arrest. AKT protein expression and activation (as measured by phosphorylation of serine 473) were differentially regulated in E-cadherin-null MCF10A and NCI-N87 cells, with downregulation in the normal breast cells, but upregulation in the gastric cancer cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the TCGA STAD dataset revealed that AKT3, but not AKT1 or AKT2, is upregulated in the majority of E-cadherin-deficient gastric cancers. In conclusion, allosteric AKT inhibitors represent a promising class of drugs for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of cancers with E-cadherin loss.
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Kircher DA, Trombetti KA, Silvis MR, Parkman GL, Fischer GM, Angel SN, Stehn CM, Strain SC, Grossmann AH, Duffy KL, Boucher KM, McMahon M, Davies MA, Mendoza MC, VanBrocklin MW, Holmen SL. AKT1 E17K Activates Focal Adhesion Kinase and Promotes Melanoma Brain Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1787-1800. [PMID: 31138602 PMCID: PMC6726552 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway occur in up to 70% of melanomas and are associated with disease progression. The three AKT paralogs are highly conserved but data suggest they have distinct functions. Activating mutations of AKT1 and AKT3 occur in human melanoma but their role in melanoma formation and metastasis remains unclear. Using an established melanoma mouse model, we evaluated E17K, E40K, and Q79K mutations in AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 and show that mice harboring tumors expressing AKT1E17K had the highest incidence of brain metastasis and lowest mean survival. Tumors expressing AKT1E17K displayed elevated levels of focal adhesion factors and enhanced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). AKT1E17K expression in melanoma cells increased invasion and this was reduced by pharmacologic inhibition of either AKT or FAK. These data suggest that the different AKT paralogs have distinct roles in melanoma brain metastasis and that AKT and FAK may be promising therapeutic targets. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that AKT1E17K promotes melanoma brain metastasis through activation of FAK and provides a rationale for the therapeutic targeting of AKT and/or FAK to reduce melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Kircher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kirby A Trombetti
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark R Silvis
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gennie L Parkman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Grant M Fischer
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie N Angel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher M Stehn
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sean C Strain
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Allie H Grossmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Keith L Duffy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kenneth M Boucher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew W VanBrocklin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Fan S, Gao H, Ji W, Zhu F, Sun L, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu Y, Yan Y, Gao Y. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells expressing IL-24 induce apoptosis in gliomas. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1769-1779. [PMID: 31301067 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although much progress has been made in the treatment of gliomas, the prognosis for patients with gliomas is still very poor. Stem cell-based therapies may be promising options for glioma treatment. Recently, many studies have reported that umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (UC-MSCs) are ideal gene vehicles for tumor gene therapy. Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine that has an apoptotic effect on many kinds of tumor cells and can inhibit the growth of tumors specifically without damaging normal cells. In this study, we investigated UC-MSCs as a vehicle for the targeted delivery of IL-24 to tumor sites. UC-MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) or IL-24 complementary DNA. The results indicated that UC-MSCs could selectively migrate to glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Injection of IL-24-UC-MSCs significantly suppressed tumor growth of glioma xenografts. The restrictive efficacy of IL-24-UC-MSCs was associated with the inhibition of proliferation as well as the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. These findings indicate that UC-MSC-based IL-24 gene therapy may be able to suppress the growth of glioma xenografts, thereby suggesting possible future therapeutic use in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huasong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lingzheng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuankun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yaohua Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yilu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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134
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Liu X, Mai H, Jiang H, Xing Z, Peng D, Kong Y, Zhu C, Chen Y. FAM168A participates in the development of chronic myeloid leukemia via BCR-ABL1/AKT1/NFκB pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:679. [PMID: 31291942 PMCID: PMC6617578 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has dramatically improved, the pathogenesis of CML remains elusive. Studies have shown that sustained phosphorylation of AKT1 plays a crucial role in the proliferation of CML cells. Evidence indicates that in tongue cancer cells, FAM168A, also known as tongue cancer resistance-associated protein (TCRP1), can directly bind to AKT1 and regulate AKT1/NFκB signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the role of FAM168A in regulation of AKT1/NFκB signaling pathway and cell cycle in CML. Methods FAM168A interference was performed, and the expression and phosphorylation of FAM168A downstream proteins were measured in K562 CML cell line. The possible roles of FAM168A in the proliferation of CML cells were investigated using in vitro cell culture, in vivo animal models and clinical specimens. Results We found that the expression of FAM168A significantly increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CML patients, compared with normal healthy controls. FAM168A interference did not change AKT1 protein expression, but significantly decreased AKT1 phosphorylation, significantly increased IκB-α protein level, and significantly reduced nuclear NFκB protein level. Moreover, there was a significant increase of G2/M phase cells and Cyclin B1 level. Immunoprecipitation results showed that FAM168A interacts with breakpoint cluster region (BCR) -Abelson murine leukemia (ABL1) fusion protein and AKT1, respectively. Animal experiments confirmed that FAM168A interference prolonged the survival and reduced the tumor formation in mice inoculated with K562 cells. The results of clinical specimens showed that FAM168A expression and AKT1 phosphorylation were significantly elevated in CML patients. Conclusion This study demonstrates that FAM168A may act as a linker protein that binds to BCR-ABL1 and AKT1, which further mediates the downstream signaling pathways in CML. Our findings demonstrate that FAM168A may be involved in the regulation of AKT1/NFκB signaling pathway and cell cycle in CML. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5898-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Liu
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Mai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanfang Jiang
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xing
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Peng
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Zhu
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, No. 7019, Yitian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, People's Republic of China.
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Pristimerin inhibits glioma progression by targeting AGO2 and PTPN1 expression via miR-542-5p. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182389. [PMID: 31015365 PMCID: PMC6522714 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is the most common and malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults, the high recurrence rate and poor prognosis are critical priorities. Pristimerin is a naturally occurring quinone methide triterpenoid isolated from the Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae families. Its anticancer effects have garnered considerable attention; nonetheless, the mechanisms of action remain unknown. To predict the hub genes of pristimerin, PharmMapper and the Coremine database were used to identify 13 potential protein targets; protein-protein interaction, for which functional enrichment analyses were performed. Compound-target, target-pathway, and compound-target-pathway networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Biological process analysis first revealed that enrichment of these target genes correlated with negative regulation of symbiont growth in the host, and regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus. Survival analysis in cBioPortal showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1) and Argonaute 2 (AGO2) might be involved in the carcinogenesis, invasion, or recurrence of diffuse glioma. In addition, we observed that low-dose pristimerin inhibited the viability of glioma cells, while miR-542-5p in vitro; and reduced PTPN1 expression. Notably, high-dose pristimerin induced apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-542-5p silence with siRNA in glioma cells lead to the elevation in AGO2, and decreased PTPN1 level. The effect was obviously post pristimerin treatment and miR-542-5p suppression. In conclusion, pristimerin inhibited glioma progression through AGO2 and PTPN1 expression via a canonical miRNA-mediated mechanism.
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Rao Z, Cao H, Shi B, Liu X, Luo J, Zeng N. Inhibitory Effect of Jing-Fang Powder n-Butanol Extract and Its Isolated Fraction D on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:62-71. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Thapa N, Horn HT, Anderson RA. Phosphoinositide spatially free AKT/PKB activation to all membrane compartments. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 72:1-6. [PMID: 30987931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ser and Thr kinase AKT also known as protein kinase B (PKB) was discovered more than two and half decades ago and is one of the key downstream molecules in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways. The pleiotropic effects of this kinase have attracted intense interest and limelight in cancer biology, cancer therapy, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Authors may refer to other more comprehensive and recent reviews on AKT/PKB (Manning and Cantley, 2007; Manning and Toker, 2017). AKT/PKB is one of the most enigmatic and most studied signaling molecule in cancers and is a significant therapeutic target (Brown and Banerji, 2017). Yet, how AKT/PKB activation couples with its downstream target/substrate molecules that function in diverse subcellular compartments remains obscure. Recent studies indicate the continuous interaction of AKT/PKB with PI3,4,5P3 or PI3,4P2 in a lipid membrane is required for its activation throughout the cells (Ebner et al., 2017). Here, we summarize the recent progress on the mechanism for phosphoinositide (PI3,4,5P3 and PI3,4P2) spatial control of AKT/PKB activation on the plasma membrane and endomembrane compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Thapa
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Hudson Tyler Horn
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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138
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Akalin Çiftçi G, Sever B, Altintop MD. Comprehensive Study on Thiadiazole-Based Anticancer Agents Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis/Necrosis Through Suppression of Akt Activity in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Glioma Cells. Turk J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:119-131. [PMID: 32454705 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.2018.96658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Akt is considered as an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery and development and therefore extensive efforts have been devoted to the discovery of new potent anticancer agents targeting Akt. Materials and Methods Due to the importance of thiadiazoles for anticancer drug discovery, herein eight 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were investigated for their cytotoxic effects on C6 rat glioma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines using the MTT assay. The effects of the most promising anticancer agents on apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle arrest were determined on a BD FACSAria (I) flow cytometer. Akt activity was measured in the C6 and A549 cell lines using an ELISA colorimetric method. Schrödinger's Maestro molecular modeling package was used to explore the possible binding modes of compounds 3 and 8 in the active site of Akt enzyme (PDB code: 3OW4). Results N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[(5-((4-nitrophenyl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide (3) and N-(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[(5-((4- nitrophenyl)amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide (8) induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the C6 cell line through inhibition of Akt activity (92.36% and 86.52%, respectively). The docking results of compounds 3 and 8 indicated that π-π interactions, H bonds, and salt-bridge formation were responsible for the observed Akt inhibitory activity. Conclusion According to in vitro and docking studies, compounds 3 and 8 stand out as promising antiglioma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Akalin Çiftçi
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Belgin Sever
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altintop
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey
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139
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Deregulated Gab2 phosphorylation mediates aberrant AKT and STAT3 signaling upon PIK3R1 loss in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:716. [PMID: 30755611 PMCID: PMC6372715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number loss of PIK3R1 (p85α) most commonly occurs in ovarian cancer among all cancer types. Here we report that ovarian cancer cells manifest a spectrum of tumorigenic phenotypes upon knockdown of PIK3R1. PIK3R1 loss activates AKT and p110-independent JAK2/STAT3 signaling through inducing changes in the phosphorylation of the docking protein Gab2, thereby relieving the negative inhibition on AKT and promoting the assembly of JAK2/STAT3 signalosome, respectively. Additional mechanisms leading to AKT activation include enhanced p110α kinase activity and a decrease in PTEN level. PIK3R1 loss renders ovarian cancer cells vulnerable to inhibition of AKT or JAK2/STAT3. The combination of AKT and STAT3 inhibitors significantly increases the anti-tumor effect compared to single-agent treatments. Together, our findings provide a rationale for mechanism-based therapeutic approach that targets tumors with loss of PIK3R1.
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Weber R, Meister M, Muley T, Thomas M, Sültmann H, Warth A, Winter H, Herth FJ, Schneider MA. Pathways regulating the expression of the immunomodulatory protein glycodelin in non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:515-526. [PMID: 30535430 PMCID: PMC6317686 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin [gene name, progesterone associated endometrial protein (PAEP)] was initially described as an immune system modulator in reproduction. Today, it is also known to be expressed in several types of cancer, including non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this cancer type, the feasibility of its usage as a follow‑up biomarker and its potential role as an immune system modulator were described. It is assumed that NSCLC tumours secrete glycodelin to overcome immune surveillance. Therefore, targeting glycodelin might be a future approach with which to weaken the immune system defence of NSCLC tumours. In this context, it is important to understand the regulatory pathways of PAEP/glycodelin expression, as these are mostly unknown so far. In this study, we analysed the influence of several inducers and of their downstream pathways on PAEP/glycodelin expression in a human lung adenocarcinoma carcinoma (ADC; H1975) and a human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) cell line (2106T). PAEP/glycodelin expression was notably stimulated by the canonical transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β pathway in SQCC cells and the PKC signalling cascade in both cell lines. The PI3K/AKT pathway inhibited PAEP/glycodelin expression in the ADC cells and an antagonizing role towards the other investigated signalling cascades is suggested herein. Furthermore, the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular‑signal regulated kinases (ERK) pathway was, to a lesser extent, found to be associated with increased PAEP/glycodelin amounts. The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), MEK/ERK pathway and TGF‑β are targets of NSCLC drugs that are already approved or are currently under investigation. On the whole, the findings of this study provide evidence that inhibiting these targets affects the expression of glycodelin and its immunosuppressive effect in NSCLC tumours. Moreover, understanding the regulation of glycodelin expression may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches with which to weaken the immune system defence of NSCLC tumours in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Weber
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Division of Cancer Genome Research Group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Surgery
| | - Felix J.F. Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
- Department of Pneumology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A. Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL-TLRC), 69120 Heidelberg
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AKT inhibition impairs PCNA ubiquitylation and triggers synthetic lethality in homologous recombination-deficient cells submitted to replication stress. Oncogene 2019; 38:4310-4324. [PMID: 30705406 PMCID: PMC6756059 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination (HR) cooperate during S-phase to safeguard replication forks integrity. Thus, the inhibition of TLS becomes a promising point of therapeutic intervention in HR-deficient cancers, where TLS impairment might trigger synthetic lethality (SL). The main limitation to test this hypothesis is the current lack of selective pharmacological inhibitors of TLS. Herein, we developed a miniaturized screening assay to identify inhibitors of PCNA ubiquitylation, a key post-translational modification required for efficient TLS activation. After screening a library of 627 kinase inhibitors, we found that targeting the pro-survival kinase AKT leads to strong impairment of PCNA ubiquitylation. Mechanistically, we found that AKT-mediated modulation of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) ubiquitylation after UV requires the upstream activity of DNA PKcs, without affecting PCNA ubiquitylation levels in unperturbed cells. Moreover, we confirmed that persistent AKT inhibition blocks the recruitment of TLS polymerases to sites of DNA damage and impairs DNA replication forks processivity after UV irradiation, leading to increased DNA replication stress and cell death. Remarkably, when we compared the differential survival of HR-proficient vs HR-deficient cells, we found that the combination of UV irradiation and AKT inhibition leads to robust SL induction in HR-deficient cells. We link this phenotype to AKT ability to inhibit PCNA ubiquitylation, since the targeted knockdown of PCNA E3-ligase (RAD18) and a non-ubiquitylable (PCNA K164R) knock-in model recapitulate the observed SL induction. Collectively, this work identifies AKT as a novel regulator of PCNA ubiquitylation and provides the proof-of-concept of inhibiting TLS as a therapeutic approach to selectively kill HR-deficient cells submitted to replication stress.
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142
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Toulany M. Targeting DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways to Improve Radiotherapy Response. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010025. [PMID: 30621219 PMCID: PMC6356315 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of cancer patients receive radiotherapy as a part of their cancer treatment. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered as the most lethal form of DNA damage and a primary cause of cell death and are induced by ionizing radiation (IR) during radiotherapy. Many malignant cells carry multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations that may interfere with essential DSB repair pathways. Additionally, exposure to IR induces the activation of a multicomponent signal transduction network known as DNA damage response (DDR). DDR initiates cell cycle checkpoints and induces DSB repair in the nucleus by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The canonical DSB repair pathways function in both normal and tumor cells. Thus, normal-tissue toxicity may limit the targeting of the components of these two pathways as a therapeutic approach in combination with radiotherapy. The DSB repair pathways are also stimulated through cytoplasmic signaling pathways. These signaling cascades are often upregulated in tumor cells harboring mutations or the overexpression of certain cellular oncogenes, e.g., receptor tyrosine kinases, PIK3CA and RAS. Targeting such cytoplasmic signaling pathways seems to be a more specific approach to blocking DSB repair in tumor cells. In this review, a brief overview of cytoplasmic signaling pathways that have been reported to stimulate DSB repair is provided. The state of the art of targeting these pathways will be discussed. A greater understanding of the underlying signaling pathways involved in DSB repair may provide valuable insights that will help to design new strategies to improve treatment outcomes in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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143
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Nag S, Manna K, Saha KD. Tannic acid-stabilized gold nano-particles are superior to native tannic acid in inducing ROS-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells via the p53/AKT axis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8025-8038. [PMID: 35547831 PMCID: PMC9087445 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00808j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid and AuNP-TA lead to death of colon cancer cells via the ROS/p53/Akt pathway, and AuNP-TA is more potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Nag
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
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144
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Bang YJ, Kang YK, Ng M, Chung HC, Wainberg ZA, Gendreau S, Chan WY, Xu N, Maslyar D, Meng R, Chau I, Ajani JA. A phase II, randomised study of mFOLFOX6 with or without the Akt inhibitor ipatasertib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Eur J Cancer 2018; 108:17-24. [PMID: 30592991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akt activation is common in gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) and is associated with chemotherapy resistance. Treatment with ipatasertib, a pan-Akt inhibitor, may potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy in GC/GEJC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase II trial, patients with locally advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC not amenable to curative therapy were randomised 1:1 to receive ipatasertib or placebo, plus mFOLFOX6 (modified regimen of leucovorin, bolus and infusional 5-fluorouracil [5-FU], and oxaliplatin). The co-primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-low patients. Secondary end-points included PFS in patients with PI3K/Akt pathway-activated tumours; overall survival, investigator-assessed objective response rate and duration of response in the ITT population; and safety assessments. RESULTS In 153 enrolled patients, the median PFS (ITT) was 6.6 months (90% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-7.5) with ipatasertib/mFOLFOX6 versus 7.5 months (90% CI, 6.2-8.1) with placebo/mFOLFOX6 (hazard ratio, 1.12; 90% CI, 0.81-1.55; P = 0.56). No statistically significant PFS benefit was observed in biomarker-selected patient subgroups (PTEN-low and PI3K/Akt pathway-activated tumours) with ipatasertib/mFOLFOX6 versus placebo/mFOLFOX6. Other secondary end-points did not favour the ipatasertib/mFOLFOX6 treatment arm. The percentages of patients with ≥1 adverse event (AE, 100% versus 98%) and grade ≥3 AEs (79% versus 74%) were similar between arms. Higher rates of AEs leading to treatment withdrawal (16% versus 6%) and serious AEs were reported in the ipatasertib arm (54% versus 43%). Thirty-nine and 29 deaths occurred in the ipatasertib and placebo arms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ipatasertib/mFOLFOX6 compared with placebo/mFOLFOX6 did not improve PFS in unselected or biomarker-selected patients. No unexpected safety concerns were observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01896531).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Y-K Kang
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
| | - M Ng
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
| | - H C Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei-ro 50-1 Seodaemun-gyu Shinchon-dong 134 Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Z A Wainberg
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - S Gendreau
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - W Y Chan
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - N Xu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - D Maslyar
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - R Meng
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - I Chau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom SM2 5PT UK.
| | - J A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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145
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Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of ME-401, an Oral, Potent, and Selective Inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase P110δ, Following Single Ascending Dose Administration to Healthy Volunteers. Clin Ther 2018; 40:1855-1867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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146
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Nitulescu GM, Van De Venter M, Nitulescu G, Ungurianu A, Juzenas P, Peng Q, Olaru OT, Grădinaru D, Tsatsakis A, Tsoukalas D, Spandidos DA, Margina D. The Akt pathway in oncology therapy and beyond (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2319-2331. [PMID: 30334567 PMCID: PMC6203150 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt), similar to many other protein kinases, is at the crossroads of cell death and survival, playing a pivotal role in multiple interconnected cell signaling mechanisms implicated in cell metabolism, growth and division, apoptosis suppression and angiogenesis. Akt protein kinase displays important metabolic effects, among which are glucose uptake in muscle and fat cells or the suppression of neuronal cell death. Disruptions in the Akt-regulated pathways are associated with cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The regulation of the Akt signaling pathway renders Akt a valuable therapeutic target. The discovery process of Akt inhibitors using various strategies has led to the identification of inhibitors with great selectivity, low side-effects and toxicity. The usefulness of Akt emerges beyond cancer therapy and extends to other major diseases, such as diabetes, heart diseases, or neurodegeneration. This review presents key features of Akt structure and functions, and presents the progress of Akt inhibitors in regards to drug development, and their preclinical and clinical activity in regards to therapeutic efficacy and safety for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maryna Van De Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Georgiana Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petras Juzenas
- Department of Pathology, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Grădinaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Denisa Margina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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147
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Wang J, Chen Y, Mo PL, Wei YJ, Liu KC, Zhang ZG, Zhang ZW, Chen XP, Zhang L. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced proliferation and dedifferentiation of hepatic progenitor cells by regulating PI3K/Akt and Hippo pathways. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:228-237. [PMID: 30099061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) might be the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (VD3) has been documented as an anticancer agent for various cancers. However, the potential effect of VD3 on the proliferation and malignant transformation of HPCs induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has not been determined. In this study, we found that AFB1 exhibited the stimulative effects on the proliferation, dedifferentiation and invasion of HPCs via activating AKT pathway but turning off Hippo pathway, which were terminated when VD3 was used in combination with AFB1. Furthermore, in AFB1-induced liver damage mouse model, VD3 also showed protective effect by reducing HPCs population. Together, these preclinical data not only provide a newly identified mechanism by which AFB1 affects HPCs but also strengthen the idea of developing VD3 as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Li Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ju Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, PA, USA
| | - Kuan-Cheng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Guo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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148
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Clinical update on K-Ras targeted therapy in gastrointestinal cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 130:78-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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149
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Al-Saffar NMS, Troy H, Wong Te Fong AC, Paravati R, Jackson LE, Gowan S, Boult JKR, Robinson SP, Eccles SA, Yap TA, Leach MO, Chung YL. Metabolic biomarkers of response to the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in pre-clinical models of human colorectal and prostate carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1118-1128. [PMID: 30377337 PMCID: PMC6219501 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT is commonly overexpressed in tumours and plays an important role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer. We have used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess whether inhibition of AKT signalling would result in metabolic changes that could potentially be used as biomarkers to monitor response to AKT inhibition. METHODS Cellular and metabolic effects of the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK-2206 were investigated in HT29 colon and PC3 prostate cancer cells and xenografts using flow cytometry, immunoblotting, immunohistology and MRS. RESULTS In vitro treatment with MK-2206 inhibited AKT signalling and resulted in time-dependent alterations in glucose, glutamine and phospholipid metabolism. In vivo, MK-2206 resulted in inhibition of AKT signalling and tumour growth compared with vehicle-treated controls. In vivo MRS analysis of HT29 subcutaneous xenografts showed similar metabolic changes to those seen in vitro including decreases in the tCho/water ratio, tumour bioenergetic metabolites and changes in glutamine and glutathione metabolism. Similar phosphocholine changes compared to in vitro were confirmed in the clinically relevant orthotopic PC3 model. CONCLUSION This MRS study suggests that choline metabolites detected in response to AKT inhibition are time and microenvironment-dependent, and may have potential as non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring response to AKT inhibitors in selected cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M S Al-Saffar
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen Troy
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Abbott Ireland Diagnostics Division, Pregnancy and Fertility Team, Lisnamuck, Longford, Ireland
| | - Anne-Christine Wong Te Fong
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Paravati
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - L Elizabeth Jackson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Gowan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica K R Boult
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Drug Development Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin O Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom.
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150
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Kim MY, Bo HH, Choi EO, Kwon DH, Kim HJ, Ahn KI, Ji SY, Jeong JW, Park SH, Hong SH, Kim GY, Park C, Kim HS, Moon SK, Yun SJ, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Induction of Apoptosis by Citrus unshiu Peel in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells: Involvement of ROS-Dependent Activation of AMPK. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:713-721. [PMID: 29709909 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Citrus unshiu MARKOVICH used for various purposes in traditional medicine has various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. Recently, the possibility of anti-cancer activity of the extracts or components of this fruit has been reported; however, the exact mechanism has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the anti-proliferative effect of water extract of C. unshiu peel (WECU) on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and investigated the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that reduction of MCF-7 cell survival by WECU was associated with the induction of apoptosis. WECU-induced apoptotic cell death was related to the activation of caspase-8 and -9, representative initiate caspases of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively, and increase in the Bax : Bcl-2 ratio accompanied by cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). WECU also increased the mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. In addition, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target molecule, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, were activated in a concentration-dependent manner in WECU-treated cells. In contrast, compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, significantly inhibited WECU-induced apoptosis, while inhibiting increased expression of Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2 by WECU and inhibition of WECU-induced PARP degradation. Furthermore, WECU provoked the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, the activation of AMKP and apoptosis by WECU were prevented, when the ROS production was blocked by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. Therefore, our data indicate that WECU suppresses MCF-7 cell proliferation by activating the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways through ROS-dependent AMPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Hyun Hwang Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Da He Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Hong Jae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Kyu Im Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine
| | - Su-Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology & Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University
| | - Seok-Joong Yun
- Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine
| | - Wun Jae Kim
- Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University
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