101
|
Song Z, Xu Y, Deng W, Zhang L, Zhu H, Yu P, Qu Y, Zhao W, Han Y, Qin C. Brain Derived Exosomes Are a Double-Edged Sword in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:79. [PMID: 32547364 PMCID: PMC7274346 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain derived exosomes (BDEs) are extracellular nanovesicles that are collectively released by all cell lineages of the central nervous system and contain cargo from their original cells. They are emerging as key mediators of communication and waste management among neurons, glial cells and connective tissue during both physiological and pathological conditions in the brain. We review the rapidly growing frontier of BDEs biology in recent years including the involvement of exosomes in neuronal development, maintenance and communication through their multiple signaling functions. Particularly, we highlight the important role of exosomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), both as a pathogenic agent and as a disease biomarker. Our understanding of such unique nanovesicles may offer not only answers about the (patho) physiological course in AD and associated neurodegenerative diseases but also ideal methods to develop these vesicles as vehicles for drug delivery or as tools to monitor brain diseases in a non-invasive manner because crossing the blood brain barrier is an inherent capability of exosomes. BDEs have potential as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools for AD and related brain disorders in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
The role of hepatocyte growth factor in mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in spinal cord injured rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32410702 PMCID: PMC7227078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) due to the fact that they provide a favorable environment. Treatment using MSCs results in a better neurological functional improvement through the promotion of nerve cell regeneration and the modulation of inflammation. Many studies have highlighted that the beneficial effects of MSCs are more likely associated with their secreted factors. However, the identity of the factor that plays a key role in the MSC-induced neurological functional recovery following SCI as well as its molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Methods A conditioned medium (collected from the MSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were used to test the effects on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCS) in the presence of BMP4 with or without a c-Met antibody. In SCI rats, Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to investigate the biological effects of MSC-conditioned medium and HGF on nerve cell regeneration and inflammation with or without the pre-treatment using a c-Met antibody. In addition, the possible molecular mechanism (cross-talk between HGF/c-Met and the BMP/Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathway) was also detected by Western blot both in vivo and in vitro. Results The conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) was able to promote the NSC differentiation into neurons in vitro and the neurite outgrowth in the scar boundary of SCI rats by inhibiting the BMP/Smad signaling pathway as well as reduces the secondary damage through the modulation of the inflammatory process. The supplementation of HGF showed similar biological effects to those of BMSC-CM, whereas a functional blocking of the c-Met antibody or HGF knockdown in BMSCs significantly reversed the functional improvement mediated by the BMSC-CM. Conclusions The MSC-associated biological effects on the recovery of SCI rats mainly depend on the secretion of HGF.
Collapse
|
103
|
Maghin E, Garbati P, Quarto R, Piccoli M, Bollini S. Young at Heart: Combining Strategies to Rejuvenate Endogenous Mechanisms of Cardiac Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:447. [PMID: 32478060 PMCID: PMC7237726 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
True cardiac regeneration of the injured heart has been broadly described in lower vertebrates by active replacement of lost cardiomyocytes to functionally and structurally restore the myocardial tissue. On the contrary, following severe injury (i.e., myocardial infarction) the adult mammalian heart is endowed with an impaired reparative response by means of meager wound healing program and detrimental remodeling, which can lead over time to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Lately, a growing body of basic, translational and clinical studies have supported the therapeutic use of stem cells to provide myocardial regeneration, with the working hypothesis that stem cells delivered to the cardiac tissue could result into new cardiovascular cells to replenish the lost ones. Nevertheless, multiple independent evidences have demonstrated that injected stem cells are more likely to modulate the cardiac tissue via beneficial paracrine effects, which can enhance cardiac repair and reinstate the embryonic program and cell cycle activity of endogenous cardiac stromal cells and resident cardiomyocytes. Therefore, increasing interest has been addressed to the therapeutic profiling of the stem cell-derived secretome (namely the total of cell-secreted soluble factors), with specific attention to cell-released extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, carrying cardioprotective and regenerative RNA molecules. In addition, the use of cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix has been recently suggested as promising biomaterial to develop novel therapeutic strategies for myocardial repair, as either source of molecular cues for regeneration, biological scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering or biomaterial platform for the functional release of factors. In this review, we will specifically address the translational relevance of these two approaches with ad hoc interest in their feasibility to rejuvenate endogenous mechanisms of cardiac repair up to functional regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Maghin
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Garbati
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,UOC Cellular Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Extracellular Vesicles from Interferon-γ-primed Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Escherichia coli-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats. Anesthesiology 2020; 130:778-790. [PMID: 30870158 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells possess considerable therapeutic promise for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells may exert therapeutic effects via extracellular vesicles, while priming umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells may further enhance their effect. The authors investigated whether interferon-γ-primed umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells would generate mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles with enhanced effects in Escherichia coli (E. coli) pneumonia. METHODS In a university laboratory, anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 to 18 per group) underwent intrapulmonary E. coli instillation (5 × 10 colony forming units per kilogram), and were randomized to receive (a) primed mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles, (b) naïve mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (both 100 million mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles per kilogram), or (c) vehicle. Injury severity and bacterial load were assessed at 48 h. In vitro studies assessed the potential for primed and naïve mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles to enhance macrophage bacterial phagocytosis and killing. RESULTS Survival increased with primed (10 of 11 [91%]) and naïve (8 of 8 [100%]) mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles compared with vehicle (12 of 18 [66.7%], P = 0.038). Primed-but not naïve-mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles reduced alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (422 ± 104, 536 ± 58, 523 ± 68 mm Hg, respectively; P = 0.008), reduced alveolar protein leak (0.7 ± 0.3, 1.4 ± 0.4, 1.5 ± 0.7 mg/ml, respectively; P = 0.003), increased lung mononuclear phagocytes (23.2 ± 6.3, 21.7 ± 5, 16.7 ± 5 respectively; P = 0.025), and reduced alveolar tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations (29 ± 14.5, 35 ± 12.3, 47.2 ± 6.3 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.026) compared with vehicle. Primed-but not naïve-mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase production in the injured lung (endothelial nitric oxide synthase/β-actin = 0.77 ± 0.34, 0.25 ± 0.29, 0.21 ± 0.33, respectively; P = 0.005). Both primed and naïve mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhanced E. coli phagocytosis and bacterial killing in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) in vitro (36.9 ± 4, 13.3 ± 8, 0.1 ± 0.01%, respectively; P = 0.0004) compared with vehicle. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular vesicles from interferon-γ-primed human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells more effectively attenuated E. coli-induced lung injury compared with extracellular vesicles from naïve mesenchymal stromal cells, potentially via enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and killing of E. coli.
Collapse
|
105
|
Sadatpoor SO, Salehi Z, Rahban D, Salimi A. Manipulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:24-45. [PMID: 32114741 PMCID: PMC7119211 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have multilinear differentiation and self-renewal abilities. These cells are immune-privileged as they express no or low level of class-II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) and other costimulatory molecules. Having neuroprotective and regenerative properties, MSCs can be used to ameliorate several intractable neurodegenerative disorders by affecting both innate and adaptive immune systems. Several manipulations like pretreating MSCs with different conditions or agents, and using molecules derived from MSCs or genetically manipulating them, are the common and practical ways that can be used to strengthen MSCs survival and potency. Improved MSCs can have significantly enhanced impacts on diseases compared to MSCs not manipulated. In this review, we describe some of the most important manipulations that have been exerted on MSCs to improve their therapeutic functions and their applications in ameliorating three prevalent neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed omid Sadatpoor
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Rahban
- Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Simental-Mendía M, Lozano-Sepúlveda SA, Pérez-Silos V, Fuentes-Mera L, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Acosta-Olivo CA, Peña-Martínez VM, Vilchez-Cavazos F. Anti‑inflammatory and anti‑catabolic effect of non‑animal stabilized hyaluronic acid and mesenchymal stem cell‑conditioned medium in an osteoarthritis coculture model. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2243-2250. [PMID: 32323772 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical studies have reported the clinical effectiveness of non‑animal stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA) and adipose‑derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Unlike MSC secreted mediators, in vitro anti‑inflammatory effects of NASHA have not been evaluated. We aimed to evaluate and compare the anti‑inflammatory effect of NASHA and MSC conditioned medium (stem cell‑conditioned medium; SC‑CM), in an explant‑based coculture model of OA. Cartilage and synovial membrane from seven patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were used to create a coculture system. Recombinant IL‑1β was added to the cocultures to induce inflammation. Four experimental groups were generated: i) Basal; ii) IL‑1β; iii) NASHA (NASHA + IL‑1β); and iv) SC‑CM (SC‑CM + IL‑1β). Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) released in the culture medium and of nitric oxide (NO) production were quantified. Gene expression in cartilage and synovium of IL‑1β, matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS5) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Media GAG concentration was decreased in cocultures with NASHA and SC‑CM (48 h, P<0.05; 72 h, P<0.01) compared with IL‑1β. Production of NO was significantly lower only in SC‑CM after 72 h (P<0.01). In cartilage, SC‑CM inhibited the expression of IL‑1β, MMP13 and ADAMTS5, while NASHA had this effect only in MMP13 and ADAMTS5. In synovium, SC‑CM decreased the expression level of MMP13 and ADAMTS5, while NASHA only decreased ADAMTS5 expression. Both NASHA and SC‑CM increased TIMP1 expression in cartilage and synovium. Treatments with NASHA and SC‑CM were shown to be a therapeutic option that may help counteract the catabolism produced by the inflammatory state in knee OA. The anti‑inflammatory mediators produced by MSC promote a lower expression of inflammatory targets in our study model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Simental-Mendía
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José Eleuterio González', Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Sonia Amelia Lozano-Sepúlveda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Vanessa Pérez-Silos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Acosta-Olivo
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José Eleuterio González', Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Víctor Manuel Peña-Martínez
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José Eleuterio González', Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| | - Félix Vilchez-Cavazos
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, School of Medicine and University Hospital 'Dr. José Eleuterio González', Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, México
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Xuan W, Khan M, Ashraf M. Extracellular Vesicles From Notch Activated Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Myocyte Proliferation and Neovasculogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32154243 PMCID: PMC7047205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac mesenchymal stem cells (C-MSCs) are a novel mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) subpopulation derived from cardiac tissue, which are reported to be responsible for cardiac regeneration. Notch signaling is believed to aid in cardiac repair following myocardial injury. In this study, we have investigated the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Notch1 engineered C-MSCs on angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation in ischemic myocardium. C-MSCs were isolated from Notch1flox mice (C-MSCNotch1 FF). Notch1 gene deletion was accomplished by adenoviral vector-mediated Cre recombination, and Notch1 overexpression was achieved by overexpression of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD). EVs were isolated by using the size exclusion column method. Proteomic composition of EV was carried out by mass spectrometry. A mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model was generated by permanent left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Intramyocardial transplantation of Notch1 knockout C-MSCs (C-MSCsNotch1 KO) did not have any effect on cardiac function and scar size. On the other hand, transplantation of N1ICD-overexpressing C-MSCs (C-MSCsN1ICD) showed significant improvement in cardiac function and attenuation of fibrosis as compared to the control (PBS) group and non-modified C-MSC groups. C-MSCsN1ICD differentiated into smooth muscle cells and formed new vessels. Proteomics profiling identified several proteins, such as lysyl oxidase homolog-2 and biglycan, as highly enriched proteins in EV-C-MSCsN1ICD. Go term analysis indicated that EV-C-MSCsN1ICD were enriched with bioactive factors, potent pro-repair proteins responsible for cell migration and proliferation. EV-C-MSCsNotch1FF and EV-C-MSCsN1ICD were strongly proangiogenic under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. EV-C-MSCsN1ICD caused dense tube formation in vitro and increased neovasculogenesis in the peri-infarct area in vivo. Furthermore, EV-C-MSCsN1ICD attenuated endothelial cell (EC) and CM apoptosis under oxidative stress and ischemic injury. Similarly, EV-C-MSCNotch1 FF and EV-C-MSCN1ICD treatment improved cardiac function and decreased fibrosis in mice post-MI. EV-C-MSCsN1ICD were very effective in improving cardiac function and decreasing fibrosis. Notch1 signaling is a strong stimulus for cardiac regeneration by C-MSCs. EVs secreted by Notch1-overexpressing C-MSCs were highly effective in preventing cell death, promoting angiogenesis and CM proliferation, and restoring cardiac function post-MI. Overall, these results suggest that Notch1 overexpression may further enhance the effectiveness of EVs secreted by C-MSCs in cell-free therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Xuan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Canisso IF, Segabinazzi LG, Fedorka CE. Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares - a Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1432. [PMID: 32093296 PMCID: PMC7073041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-breeding endometritis (i.e., inflammation/infection of the endometrium), is a physiological reaction taking place in the endometrium of mares within 48 hours post-breeding, aimed to clear seminal plasma, excess sperm, microorganisms, and debris from the uterine lumen in preparation for the arrival of an embryo. Mares are classified as susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) based on their ability to clear this inflammation/infection by 48 hours post-breeding. Mares susceptible to PBIE, or those with difficulty clearing infection/inflammation, have a deficient immune response and compromised physical mechanisms of defense against infection. Molecular pathways of the innate immune response known to be involved in PBIE are discussed herein. The role of the adaptive uterine immune response on PBIE remains to be elucidated in horses. Advances in the pathobiology of microbes involved in PBIE are also revised here. Traditional and non-traditional therapeutic modalities for endometritis are contrasted and described in the context of clinical and molecular aspects. In recent years, the lack of efficacy of traditional therapeutic modalities, alongside the ever-increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, has enforced the development of non-traditional therapies. Novel biological products capable of modulating the endometrial inflammatory response are also discussed here as part of the non-traditional therapies for endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor F. Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA;
| | - Lorenzo G.T.M. Segabinazzi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA;
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carleigh E. Fedorka
- The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Akbari A, Jabbari N, Sharifi R, Ahmadi M, Vahhabi A, Seyedzadeh SJ, Nawaz M, Szafert S, Mahmoodi M, Jabbari E, Asghari R, Rezaie J. Free and hydrogel encapsulated exosome-based therapies in regenerative medicine. Life Sci 2020; 249:117447. [PMID: 32087234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Ex) have attracted a lot of attention as a therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine. Exosomes are extracellular vehicles (EVs) that play important roles in cell-cell communication through various processes such as stress response, senescence, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. Success in the field of regenerative medicine sparked exploration of the potential use of exosomes as key therapeutic effectors of MSCs to promote tissue regeneration. Various approaches including direct injection, intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection, oral administration, and hydrogel-based encapsulation have been exploited to deliver exosomes to target tissues in different disease models. Despite significant advances in exosome therapy, it is unclear which approach is more effective for administering exosomes. Herein, we critically review the emerging progress in the applications of exosomes in the form of free or association with hydrogels as therapeutic agents for applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nassrollah Jabbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roholah Sharifi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Tuberculosis and lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Vahhabi
- Department of Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyedzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sławomir Szafert
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot Curie 14, 50383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monireh Mahmoodi
- Department of biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Rahim Asghari
- Department of Oncology, Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Pulp-Derived Exosomes in a Fibrin-Based Regenerative Root Filling Material. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020491. [PMID: 32054086 PMCID: PMC7074310 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics has been described as a paradigm shift in dentistry, despite its current limitation to immature teeth and reparative rather than regenerative outcomes. Cell-free treatments are favored because of regulatory issues. However, the recruitment of host-derived stem cells to the desired site remains challenging. We investigated whether dental pulp-derived exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles that contain proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA and thus mirror their parental cells, may be used for this purpose. The use of exosomes may present appreciable advantages over the direct use of transplanted stem cells due to a higher safety profile, easier isolation, preservation, and handling. Here we harvested exosomes from a cultured third-molar pulp cell and assessed them by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were exposed to these exosomes to assess exosome uptake, cell migration, and proliferation. In addition, a fibrin gel (i.e., a diluted fibrin sealant), was assessed as a delivery system for the exosomes. Our results show that exosomes attracted MSCs, and the fibrin gel enhanced their effect. Moreover, exosomes improved the proliferation of MSCs. Therefore, we propose that pulp-derived exosomes in combination with a fibrin gel could be a powerful combination for clinical translation towards improved cell-free regenerative endodontics and thus represent a new way to fill dental hard tissues.
Collapse
|
111
|
Liu T, Zhu Y, Zhao R, Wei X, Xin X. Visualization of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 68:75-82. [PMID: 32027941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We develop a method of imaging exosomes in vivo according to the vital role of exosomes in intercellular communication. This study aims to design a new label method that allows the visualization of labeled exosomes with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We designed a fusion protein consisting of two parts, namely, ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and a truncated lactadherin. FTH1 is used as an MRI reporter. Lactadherin is a trans-membrane protein. The lactadherin protein are mostly located on the outer surface of exosomes. We replaced the outer membrane part of lactadherin with FTH1, infected mesenchymal stem cells with lentivirus carrying the fusion protein, and isolated exosomes from the labeled cells by ultracentrifugation. Labeled exosomes were validated by transmission electron microscopy images, Western blot, nanosight particle tracking, and visualized in vitro and in vivo by MRI. RESULTS FTH1 expression would suppress mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, whereas the characterization of labeled exosomes remains comparable with unlabeled exosomes. MR imaging shows that exosomes labeled with FTH1 can be visualized in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION This innovative reporter-imaging approach to track and visualize exosomes with MRI can be utilized as a tool for the study of the role of exosomes under different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yurong Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiting Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuegang Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Hocum Stone LL, Swingen C, Wright C, Qi SS, Rassette M, McFalls EO, Kelly RF. Recovery of hibernating myocardium using stem cell patch with coronary bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:e3-e16. [PMID: 32059928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the utility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) applied as an epicardial patch during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) to target hibernating myocardium; that is, tissue with persistently decreased myocardial function, in a large animal model. METHODS Hibernating myocardium was induced in juvenile swine (n = 12) using a surgically placed constrictor on the left anterior descending artery, causing stenosis without infarction. After 12 weeks, single-vessel CABG was performed using left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending artery graft. During CABG, an epicardial patch was applied to the hibernating myocardium region consisting either of MSCs grown onto a polyglactin mesh (n = 6), or sham polyglactin mesh without MSCs (n = 6). Four weeks after CABG and patch placement, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed and cardiac tissue was examined by gross inspection, including coronary dilators for vessel stenosis and patency, electron microscopy, protein assays, and proteomic analysis. RESULTS CABG + MSC myocardium showed improvement in contractile function (78.24% ± 19.6%) compared with sham patch (39.17% ± 5.57%) during inotropic stimulation (P < .05). Compared with sham patch control, electron microscopy of CABG + MSC myocardium showed improvement in mitochondrial size, number, and morphology; protein analysis similarly showed increases in expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (0.0022 ± 0.0009 vs 0.023 ± 0.009) (P < .01) along with key components of the electron transport chain, including succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) (0.06 ± 0.02 vs 0.14 ± 0.03) (P < .05) and adenosine triphosphate synthase (complex V) (2.7 ± 0.4 vs 4.2 ± 0.26) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In hibernating myocardium, placement of a stem cell patch during CABG shows promise in improving myocardial function by improving mitochondrial morphology and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Hocum Stone
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn; Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
| | - Cory Swingen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Christin Wright
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn; Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Steven S Qi
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Matt Rassette
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Edward O McFalls
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Rosemary F Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Haider KH, Aramini B. Mircrining the injured heart with stem cell-derived exosomes: an emerging strategy of cell-free therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 31918755 PMCID: PMC6953131 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have successfully progressed to phase III clinical trials successive to an intensive in vitro and pre-clinical assessment in experimental animal models of ischemic myocardial injury. With scanty evidence regarding their cardiogenic differentiation in the recipient patients' hearts post-engraftment, paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules is being accepted as the most probable underlying mechanism to interpret the beneficial effects of cell therapy. Secretion of small non-coding microRNA (miR) constitutes an integral part of the paracrine activity of stem cells, and there is emerging interest in miRs' delivery to the heart as part of cell-free therapy to exploit their integral role in various cellular processes. MSCs also release membrane vesicles of diverse sizes loaded with a wide array of miRs as part of their paracrine secretions primarily for intercellular communication and to shuttle genetic material. Exosomes can also be loaded with miRs of interest for delivery to the organs of interest including the heart, and hence, exosome-based cell-free therapy is being assessed for cell-free therapy as an alternative to cell-based therapy. This review of literature provides an update on cell-free therapy with primary focus on exosomes derived from BM-derived MSCs for myocardial repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Husnain Haider
- Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al-Qaseem, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, PO Box 777, Al Bukairiyah, 51941 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Mathiasen AB, Qayyum AA, Jørgensen E, Helqvist S, Kofoed KF, Haack-Sørensen M, Ekblond A, Kastrup J. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in patients with ischaemic heart failure: final 4-year follow-up of the MSC-HF trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 22:884-892. [PMID: 31863561 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The study assessed 4-year outcomes of intramyocardial injections of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with ischaemic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS The MSC-HF trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized 2:1 to intramyocardial injections of MSCs or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), measured by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Sixty patients aged 30-80 years with ischaemic heart failure, New York Heart Association class II-III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45% and no further treatment options were randomized. Patients were followed clinically for 12 months and in addition 4-year data of hospitalizations and survival were retrieved. After 12 months, LVESV was significantly reduced in the MSC group and not in the placebo group, with difference between groups of 17.0 ± 16.2 mL (95% confidence interval 8.3-25.7, P = 0.0002). There were also significant improvements in LVEF of 6.2% (P < 0.0001), stroke volume of 16.1 mL (P < 0.0001) and myocardial mass (P = 0.009) between groups. A significant dose-response effect was also observed. Moreover, a significant reduction in the amount of scar tissue and quality of life score in the MSC group but not in the placebo group was observed. After 4 years, there were significantly fewer hospitalizations for angina in the MSC group and otherwise no differences in hospitalizations or survival. No side effects were identified. CONCLUSIONS Intramyocardial injections of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs improved myocardial function and myocardial mass in patients with ischaemic heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders B Mathiasen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas A Qayyum
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Jørgensen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Helqvist
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus F Kofoed
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mandana Haack-Sørensen
- Cardiac Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Ekblond
- Cardiac Stem Cell Centre, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Munshi A, Mehic J, Creskey M, Gobin J, Gao J, Rigg E, Muradia G, Luebbert CC, Westwood C, Stalker A, Allan DS, Johnston MJW, Cyr T, Rosu-Myles M, Lavoie JR. A comprehensive proteomics profiling identifies NRP1 as a novel identity marker of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:401. [PMID: 31852509 PMCID: PMC6921509 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical applications have shown extracellular vesicles (EVs) to be a major paracrine effector in therapeutic responses produced by human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs). As the regenerative capacity of EVs is mainly ascribed to the transfer of proteins and RNA composing its cargo, and to the activity attributed by the protein surface markers, we sought to profile the protein composition of small EVs released from hMSCs to identify hMSC-EV biomarkers with potential clinical relevance. METHODS Small EVs were produced and qualified from five human bone marrow MSC donors at low passage following a 48-h culture in exosome-depleted medium further processed by steps of centrifugation, filtration, and precipitation. Quantitative proteomic analysis comparing the protein profile of the EVs released from hMSCs and their parental cell was conducted using tandem mass tag labeling combined to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify enriched EV protein markers. RESULTS Nanoparticle tracking analysis showed no differences in the EV concentration and size among the five hMSC donors (1.83 × 1010 ± 3.23 × 109/mL), with the mode particle size measuring at 109.3 ± 5.7 nm. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of nanovesicles with bilayer membranes. Flow cytometric analysis identified commonly found exosomal (CD63/CD81) and hMSC (CD105/CD44/CD146) markers from released EVs in addition to surface mediators of migration (CD29 and MCSP). Quantitative proteomic identified 270 proteins significantly enriched by at least twofold in EVs released from hMSCs as compared to parental hMSCs, where neuropilin 1 (NRP1) was identified among 21 membrane-bound proteins regulating the migration and invasion of cells, as well as chemotaxis and vasculogenesis. Validation by western blot of multiple batches of EVs confirmed consistent enrichment of NRP1 in the nanovesicles released from all five hMSC donors. CONCLUSION The identification and verification of NRP1 as a novel enriched surface marker from multiple batches of EVs derived from multiple hMSC donors may serve as a biomarker for the assessment and measurement of EVs for therapeutic uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Munshi
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jelica Mehic
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marybeth Creskey
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Gobin
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Gao
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Rigg
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gauri Muradia
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian C Luebbert
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole Westwood
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J W Johnston
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Carleton, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terry Cyr
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie R Lavoie
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Caseiro AR, Santos Pedrosa S, Ivanova G, Vieira Branquinho M, Almeida A, Faria F, Amorim I, Pereira T, Maurício AC. Mesenchymal Stem/ Stromal Cells metabolomic and bioactive factors profiles: A comparative analysis on the umbilical cord and dental pulp derived Stem/ Stromal Cells secretome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221378. [PMID: 31774816 PMCID: PMC6881058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem/ Stromal Cells assume a supporting role to the intrinsic mechanisms of tissue regeneration, a feature mostly assigned to the contents of their secretome. A comparative study on the metabolomic and bioactive molecules/factors content of the secretome of Mesenchymal Stem/ Stromal Cells derived from two expanding sources: the umbilical cord stroma and the dental pulp is presented and discussed. The metabolic profile (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) evidenced some differences in the metabolite dynamics through the conditioning period, particularly on the glucose metabolism. Despite, overall similar profiles are suggested. More prominent differences are highlighted for the bioactive factors (Multiplexing Laser Bear Analysis), in which Follistatin, Growth Regulates Protein, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Interleukin-8 and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 dominate in Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/ Stromal Cells secretion, while in Dental Pulp Stem/ Stromal Cells the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Follistatin are more evident. The distinct secretory cocktail did not result in significantly different effects on endothelial cell populations dynamics including proliferation, migration, tube formation capacity and in vivo angiogenesis, or in chemotaxis for both Mesenchymal Stem/ Stromal Cells populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Caseiro
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado, Porto, Portugal
- Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Lordemão, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado, Porto, Portugal
| | - Galya Ivanova
- REQUIMTE- LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vieira Branquinho
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado, Porto, Portugal
- Indústria Transformadora de Subprodutos—I.T.S, SA, Grupo ETSA, Rua Padre Adriano, Olivais do Machio, Santo Antão do Tojal, Loures, Portugal
| | - Fátima Faria
- Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Pereira
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Ilahibaks NF, Lei Z, Mol EA, Deshantri AK, Jiang L, Schiffelers RM, Vader P, Sluijter JP. Biofabrication of Cell-Derived Nanovesicles: A Potential Alternative to Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121509. [PMID: 31775322 PMCID: PMC6952804 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication by transferring functional biomolecules from their originating cells to recipient cells. This intrinsic ability has gained EVs increased scientific interest in their use as a direct therapeutic in the field of regenerative medicine or as vehicles for drug delivery. EVs derived from stem cells or progenitor cells can act as paracrine mediators to promote repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. Despite substantial research efforts into EVs for various applications, their use remains limited by the lack of highly efficient and scalable production methods. Here, we present the biofabrication of cell-derived nanovesicles (NVs) as a scalable, efficient, and cost-effective production alternative to EVs. We demonstrate that NVs have a comparable size and morphology as EVs, but lack standard EV (surface) markers. Additionally, in vitro uptake experiments show that human fetal cardiac fibroblast, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocyte progenitor cells internalize NVs. We observed that cardiac progenitor cell-derived NVs and EVs are capable of activating mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (MAPK1/2)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and that both NVs and EVs derived from A431 and HEK293 cells can functionally deliver Cre-recombinase mRNA or protein to other cells. These observations indicate that NVs may have similar functional properties as EVs. Therefore, NVs have the potential to be applied for therapeutic delivery and regenerative medicine purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazma F. Ilahibaks
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.F.I.); (Z.L.); (E.A.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.F.I.); (Z.L.); (E.A.M.); (P.V.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.K.D.); (L.J.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Emma A. Mol
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.F.I.); (Z.L.); (E.A.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Anil K. Deshantri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.K.D.); (L.J.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Linglei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.K.D.); (L.J.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Raymond M. Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.K.D.); (L.J.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Pieter Vader
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.F.I.); (Z.L.); (E.A.M.); (P.V.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.K.D.); (L.J.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Joost P.G. Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (N.F.I.); (Z.L.); (E.A.M.); (P.V.)
- Circulatory Health Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
El Harane N, Kervadec A, Bellamy V, Pidial L, Neametalla HJ, Perier MC, Lima Correa B, Thiébault L, Cagnard N, Duché A, Brunaud C, Lemitre M, Gauthier J, Bourdillon AT, Renault MP, Hovhannisyan Y, Paiva S, Colas AR, Agbulut O, Hagège A, Silvestre JS, Menasché P, Renault NKE. Acellular therapeutic approach for heart failure: in vitro production of extracellular vesicles from human cardiovascular progenitors. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:1835-1847. [PMID: 29420830 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (Pg) recapitulate the therapeutic effects of their parent cells in a mouse model of chronic heart failure (CHF). Our objectives are to investigate whether EV released by more readily available cell sources are therapeutic, whether their effectiveness is influenced by the differentiation state of the secreting cell, and through which mechanisms they act. Methods and results The total EV secreted by human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitors (iPSC-Pg) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, western blot, and cryo-electron microscopy. In vitro bioactivity assays were used to evaluate their cellular effects. Cell and EV microRNA (miRNA) content were assessed by miRNA array. Myocardial infarction was induced in 199 nude mice. Three weeks later, mice with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 45% received transcutaneous echo-guided injections of iPSC-CM (1.4 × 106, n = 19), iPSC-Pg (1.4 × 106, n = 17), total EV secreted by 1.4 × 106 iPSC-Pg (n = 19), or phosphate-buffered saline (control, n = 17) into the peri-infarct myocardium. Seven weeks later, hearts were evaluated by echocardiography, histology, and gene expression profiling, blinded to treatment group. In vitro, EV were internalized by target cells, increased cell survival, cell proliferation, and endothelial cell migration in a dose-dependent manner and stimulated tube formation. Extracellular vesicles were rich in miRNAs and most of the 16 highly abundant, evolutionarily conserved miRNAs are associated with tissue-repair pathways. In vivo, EV outperformed cell injections, significantly improving cardiac function through decreased left ventricular volumes (left ventricular end systolic volume: -11%, P < 0.001; left ventricular end diastolic volume: -4%, P = 0.002), and increased LVEF (+14%, P < 0.0001) relative to baseline values. Gene profiling revealed that EV-treated hearts were enriched for tissue reparative pathways. Conclusion Extracellular vesicles secreted by iPSC-Pg are effective in the treatment of CHF, possibly, in part, through their specific miRNA signature and the associated stimulation of distinct cardioprotective pathways. The processing and regulatory advantages of EV could make them effective substitutes for cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Harane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Kervadec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bellamy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Pidial
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hany J Neametalla
- Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Perier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruna Lima Correa
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Léa Thiébault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Université Paris Descartes, US 024 SFR Necker, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Angéline Duché
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 22 rue Mechain, 75014 Paris, France.,CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Camille Brunaud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Gauthier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Ecole normale supérieure, PSL Research University Paris, 45 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Marc P Renault
- IRIF, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, UMR 8243, Bâtiment Sophie Germain, 8 place Aurélie Nemours, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yeranuhi Hovhannisyan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris-6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Solenne Paiva
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris-6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université de Paris-6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Albert Hagège
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nisa K E Renault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Investigating the route of administration and efficacy of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned medium in type 1 diabetic mice. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:585-601. [PMID: 31741175 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease destroying the insulin-producing beta cells. Recently, stem cell therapy has been tested to treat T1D. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal and intravenous infusion of multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in an experimental model of diabetes, induced by multiple injections of Streptozotocin (STZ). The adipose tissue-derived MSC and MSC-CM were isolated from C57Bl/6 male mice and characterized. Later, MSC and MSC-CM were injected intraperitoneally or intravenously into mice. The blood glucose, urinary glucose, and body weight were measured, and the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T cells as well as the levels of IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-10 were evaluated. Our results showed that both intraperitoneal and intravenous infusions of MSC and MSC-CM could decrease the blood glucose, recover pancreatic islets, and increase the levels of insulin-producing cells. Furthermore, the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T cells was increased after intraperitoneal injection of MSC or MSC-CM and intravenous injection of MSCs. After intraperitoneal injection of the MSC and MSC-CM, the levels of inflammatory cytokines reduced, while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines increased. Together current data showed that although both intraperitoneal and intravenous administration had beneficial effects on T1D animal model, but intraperitoneal injection of AD-MSC and AD-MSC-CM was more effective than systemic administration.
Collapse
|
120
|
Xu H, Wang Z, Liu L, Zhang B, Li B. Exosomes derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord blood for cardioprotection after myocardial infarction. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2089-2102. [PMID: 31736169 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential for improving cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI). This study was performed to explore the cardioprotection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) for myocardium in rats after MI. MI models were established in rats, which were injected with PBS, BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs. Cardiac function was detected by ultrasonic cardiogram. TTC staining, TUNEL staining, and immunohistochemistry were adopted to determine infarction area, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and microvascular density (MVD), respectively. Exosomes were derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCBMSCs, and identified by morphological observation and CD63 expression detection. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were isolated and cultured with hypoxia, subjected to PBS and exosomes derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine NRCM apoptosis and the levels of angiogenesis-related markers (VEGF, bFGF, and HGF). According to ultrasonic cardiogram, BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs facilitated the cardiac function of MI rats. Furthermore, three kinds of MSCs inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis, infarction area, and increased MVD. NRCMs treated with exosomes derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCMSCs reduced the NRCM apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis by increasing levels of VEGF, bFGF, and HGF. Notably, exosomes from ADMSCs had the most significant effect. On the basis of the results obtained from this study, exosomes derived from BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UCBMSCs inhibited the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis, thereby improving cardiac function and protecting myocardium. Notably, exosomes from ADMSCs stimulated most of the cardioprotection factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Xu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Longmei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular laboratory, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Baoxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bao Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
In Vivo MRI Tracking of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Labeled with Ultrasmall Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Particles after Intramyocardial Transplantation in Patients with Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2754927. [PMID: 31814830 PMCID: PMC6877937 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2754927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While regenerative stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease has moved into phase 3 studies, little is still known about retention and migration of cell posttransplantation. In human studies, the ability to track transplanted cells has been limited to labeling with radioisotopes and tracking using nuclear imaging. This method is limited by low resolution and short half-lives of available radioisotopes. Longitudinal tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of myocardial injected cells labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles has shown promising results in numerous preclinical studies but has yet to be evaluated in human studies. We aimed to evaluate MRI tracking of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) labeled with ultrasmall paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles after intramyocardial transplantation in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods Five no-option patients with chronic symptomatic IHD underwent NOGA-guided intramyocardial transplantation of USPIO-labeled MSCs. Serial MRI scans were performed to track labeled cells both visually and using semiautomated T2∗ relaxation time analysis. For safety, we followed symptoms, quality of life, and myocardial function for 6 months. Results USPIO-labeled MSCs were tracked for up to 14 days after transplantation at injection sites both visually and using semiautomated regional T2∗ relaxation time analysis. Labeling of MSCs did not impair long-term safety of treatment. Conclusion This was a first-in-man clinical experience aimed at evaluating the utility of MRI tracking of USPIO-labeled bone marrow-derived autologous MSCs after intramyocardial injection in patients with chronic IHD. The treatment was safe, and cells were detectable at injection sites up to 14 days after transplantation. Further studies are needed to clarify if MSCs migrate out of the injection area into other areas of the myocardium or if injected cells are washed out into the peripheral circulation. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03651791.
Collapse
|
122
|
Borhani-Haghighi M, Navid S, Mohamadi Y. The Therapeutic Potential of Conditioned Medium from Human Breast Milk Stem Cells in Treating Spinal Cord Injury. Asian Spine J 2019; 14:131-138. [PMID: 31711062 PMCID: PMC7113460 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2019.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Experimental animal study. Purpose This study investigated the therapeutic effects of human breast milk stem cell (BMSC)-conditioned medium (BMSC-CM) in a model of spinal cord injury (SCI) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Overview of Literature SCI is one of the leading causes of disability in addition to sensory and motor impairment. So far, there have been no successful treatments for SCI. Given the positive outcomes associated with using stem cells and their derivatives as a treatment for various diseases, there is a growing interest in using them as an SCI treatment. Recent research has demonstrated that CM from stem cells has therapeutic advantages. Methods Human BMSCs were isolated and characterized, and CM was subsequently collected. Animals received an intrathecal administration of BMSC-CM after SCI. The activity of caspase-3 was measured to assess apoptosis, and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were measured to assess inflammation. Also, sensory and locomotor performances were assessed after SCI and BMSC-CM administration. Results Administration of CM from BMSC reduced apoptosis and inflammation at the site of injury in a rat model of SCI (p<0.05). Motor, sensory, locomotor, and sensorimotor performances were significantly improved in rats that received BMSC-CM after SCI. Conclusions Intrathecal administration of BMSC-CM improved recovery in a rat model of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Borhani-Haghighi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadan Navid
- Department of Anatomy, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Nasseri Maleki S, Aboutaleb N, Nazarinia D, Allahverdi Beik S, Qolamian A, Nobakht M. Conditioned medium obtained from human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell attenuates heart failure injury in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1253-1258. [PMID: 32128088 PMCID: PMC7038431 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.36617.8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to beneficial effects of stem cells, paracrine secretion of them has recently been used by researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intravenous injection (IV) of conditioned medium (CM) of human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC-CM) on HF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=35, 180 g) were randomly divided into five groups: sham, HF, HF+MSC-CM, HF+culture medium and HF+phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). To induce HF, isoproterenol (170 mg/kg/d) was injected subcutaneously for 4 consecutive days. After 28 days, induction of HF was evaluated by echocardiography. A day after echocardiography, 50 μg culture medium/5 ml PBS in HF+culture medium group, 50 μg MSC-CM/5 ml PBS in HF+MSC-CM group and 5 ml PBS in HF+PBS group were injected two times for 4 successive days. The echocardiography was performed 4 weeks after the last injection of isoproterenol. To evaluate the fibrosis, morphology, and cardiac function, Trichrome Masson's staining, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and echocardiography were performed, respectively. RESULTS CM significantly increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction, and also significantly decreased apoptotic nuclear condensation. Moreover, significant decreased level of fibrosis and increased level of angiogenesis was observed in the treatment group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that IV injection of CM has therapeutic effects on HF by reducing fibrosis and preventing the progression of failure due to its paracrine effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Nasseri Maleki
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donya Nazarinia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Allahverdi Beik
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Qolamian
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nobakht
- Department of Histology and Neuroscience, Anti-microbial Resistance Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Im GB, Kim YH, Kim YJ, Kim SW, Jung E, Jeong GJ, Wang K, Kim J, Kim DI, Kim TH, Yi GR, Yu T, Bhang SH. Enhancing the Wound Healing Effect of Conditioned Medium Collected from Mesenchymal Stem Cells with High Passage Number Using Bioreducible Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4835. [PMID: 31569434 PMCID: PMC6801963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Injecting human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at wound sites is known to have a therapeutic effect; however, hMSCs have several limitations, such as low viability and poor engraftment after injection, as well as a potential risk of oncogenesis. The use of a conditioned medium (CM) was suggested as an alternative method for treating various wounds instead of direct hMSC administration. In addition to not having the adverse effects associated with hMSCs, a CM can be easily mass produced and can be stored for long-term, thereby making it useful for clinical applications. In general, a CM is collected from hMSCs with low passage number; whereas, the hMSCs with high passage number are usually discarded because of their low therapeutic efficacy as a result of reduced angiogenic factor secretion. Herein, we used a CM collected from high passage number (passage 12, P12) hMSCs treated with gold-iron nanoparticles (AuFe NPs). Our AuFe NPs were designed to release the iron ion intracellularly via endocytosis. Endosomes with low pH can dissolve iron from AuFe NPs, and thus, the intracellularly released iron ions up-regulate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Through this mechanism, AuFe NPs improve the amount of VEGF expression from P12 hMSCs so that it is comparable to the amount of VEGF expression from low passage number (passage 6, P6), without treatment. Furthermore, we injected the CM retrieved from P12 MSCs treated with AuFe NPs in the mouse skin wound model (AuFe P12 group). AuFe P12 group revealed significantly enhanced angiogenesis in the mouse skin wound model compared to the high passage hMSC CM-injected group. Moreover, the result from the AuFe P12 group was similar to that of the low passage hMSC CM-injected group. Both the AuFe P12 group and low passage hMSC CM-injected group presented significantly enhanced re-epithelization, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling compared to the high passage hMSC CM-injected group. This study reveals a new strategy for tissue regeneration based on CM injection without considering the high cell passage count.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Euiyoung Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jinheung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Taekyung Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Youngin 17104, Korea.
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Park KS, Bandeira E, Shelke GV, Lässer C, Lötvall J. Enhancement of therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:288. [PMID: 31547882 PMCID: PMC6757418 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After the initial investigations into applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy, there was increased interest in their secreted soluble factors. Following studies of MSCs and their secreted factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from MSCs have emerged as a new mode of intercellular crosstalk. MSC-derived EVs have been identified as essential signaling mediators under both physiological and pathological conditions, and they appear to be responsible for many of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In several in vitro and in vivo models, EVs have been observed to have supportive functions in modulating the immune system, mainly mediated by EV-associated proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, stimulation of MSCs with biophysical or biochemical cues, including EVs from other cells, has been shown to influence the contents and biological activities of subsequent MSC-derived EVs. This review provides on overview of the contents of MSC-derived EVs in terms of their supportive effects, and it provides different perspectives on the manipulation of MSCs to improve the secretion of EVs and subsequent EV-mediated activities. In this review, we discuss the possibilities for manipulating MSCs for EV-based cell therapy and for using EVs to affect the expression of elements of interest in MSCs. In this way, we provide a clear perspective on the state of the art of EVs in cell therapy focusing on MSCs, and we raise pertinent questions and suggestions for knowledge gaps to be filled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Elga Bandeira
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh V Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Makino E, Nakamura N, Miyabe M, Ito M, Kanada S, Hata M, Saiki T, Sango K, Kamiya H, Nakamura J, Miyazawa K, Goto S, Matsubara T, Naruse K. Conditioned media from dental pulp stem cells improved diabetic polyneuropathy through anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and angiogenic actions: Cell-free regenerative medicine for diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1199-1208. [PMID: 30892819 PMCID: PMC6717901 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be easily obtained from teeth for general orthodontic reasons. We have previously reported the therapeutic effects of DPSC transplantation for diabetic polyneuropathy. As abundant secretomes from DPSCs are considered to play a central role in the improvement of diabetic polyneuropathy, we investigated whether direct injection of DPSC-conditioned media (DPSC-CM) into hindlimb skeletal muscles ameliorates diabetic polyneuropathy in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS DPSCs were isolated from the dental pulp of Sprague-Dawley rats. Eight weeks after the induction of diabetes, DPSC-CM was injected into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles in both normal and diabetic rats. The effects of DPSC-CM on diabetic polyneuropathy were assessed 4 weeks after DPSC-CM injection. To confirm the angiogenic effect of DPSC-CM, the effect of DPSC-CM on cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cell proliferation was investigated. RESULTS The administration of DPSC-CM into the hindlimb skeletal muscles significantly ameliorated sciatic motor/sensory nerve conduction velocity, sciatic nerve blood flow and intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the footpads of diabetic rats. We also showed that DPSC-CM injection significantly increased the capillary density of the skeletal muscles, and suppressed pro-inflammatory reactions in the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats. Furthermore, an in vitro study showed that DPSC-CM significantly increased the proliferation of umbilical vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS We showed that DPSC-CM injection into hindlimb skeletal muscles has a therapeutic effect on diabetic polyneuropathy through neuroprotective, angiogenic and anti-inflammatory actions. DPSC-CM could be a novel cell-free regenerative medicine treatment for diabetic polyneuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Makino
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Megumi Miyabe
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Mizuho Ito
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Saki Kanada
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Masaki Hata
- Department of Removable ProsthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Saiki
- Department of PharmacyDental HospitalAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve PathophysiologyTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteJapan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical UniversityNagakuteJapan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsubara
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Cho DI, Kang HJ, Jeon JH, Eom GH, Cho HH, Kim MR, Cho M, Jeong HY, Cho HC, Hong MH, Kim YS, Ahn Y. Antiinflammatory activity of ANGPTL4 facilitates macrophage polarization to induce cardiac repair. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125437. [PMID: 31434807 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can suppress pathological inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between MSCs and inflammation remain unclear. Under coculture conditions with macrophages, MSCs highly expressed angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) to blunt the polarization of macrophages toward the proinflammatory phenotype. ANGPTL4-deficient MSCs failed to inhibit the inflammatory macrophage phenotype. In inflammation-related animal models, the injection of coculture medium or ANGPTL4 protein increased the antiinflammatory macrophages in both peritonitis and myocardial infarction. In particular, cardiac function and pathology were markedly improved by ANGPTL4 treatment. We found that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) was increased by inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, and bound to ANGPTL4 promoter in MSCs. Collectively, RORα-mediated ANGPTL4 induction was shown to contribute to the antiinflammatory activity of MSCs against macrophages under pathological conditions. This study suggests that the capability of ANGPTL4 to induce tissue repair is a promising opportunity for safe stem cell-free regeneration therapy from a translational perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Im Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kang
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Jeon
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyang Hee Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Meeyoung Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyen Chung Cho
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Moon Hwa Hong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Pattar SS, Fatehi Hassanabad A, Fedak PWM. Application of Bioengineered Materials in the Surgical Management of Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:123. [PMID: 31482096 PMCID: PMC6710326 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardial surface of the heart is readily accessible during cardiac surgery and presents an opportunity for therapeutic intervention for cardiac repair and regeneration. As an important anatomic niche for endogenous mechanisms of repair, targeting the epicardium using decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffold therapy may provide the necessary environmental cues to promote functional recovery. Following ischemic injury to the heart caused by myocardial infarction (MI), epicardium derived progenitor cells (EPDCs) become activated and migrate to the site of injury. EPDC differentiation has been shown to contribute to endothelial cell, cardiac fibroblast, cardiomyocyte, and vascular smooth muscle cell populations. Post-MI, it is largely the activation of cardiac fibroblasts and the resultant dysregulation of ECM turnover which leads to maladaptive structural cardiac remodeling and loss of cardiac function. Decellularized ECM bioscaffolds not only provide structural support, but have also been shown to act as a bioactive reservoir for growth factors, cytokines, and matricellular proteins capable of attenuating maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Targeting the epicardium post-MI using decellularized ECM bioscaffold therapy may provide the necessary bioinductive cues to promote differentiation toward a pro-regenerative phenotype and attenuate cardiac fibroblast activation. There is an opportunity to leverage the clinical benefits of this innovative technology with an aim to improve the prognosis of patients suffering from progressive heart failure. An enhanced understanding of the utility of decellularized ECM bioscaffolds in epicardial repair will facilitate their growth and transition into clinical practice. This review will provide a summary of decellularized ECM bioscaffolds being developed for epicardial infarct repair in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simranjit S Pattar
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Tompkins BA, Balkan W, Winkler J, Gyöngyösi M, Goliasch G, Fernández-Avilés F, Hare JM. Preclinical Studies of Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Disease. Circ Res 2019; 122:1006-1020. [PMID: 29599277 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As part of the TACTICS (Transnational Alliance for Regenerative Therapies in Cardiovascular Syndromes) series to enhance regenerative medicine, here, we discuss the role of preclinical studies designed to advance stem cell therapies for cardiovascular disease. The quality of this research has improved over the past 10 to 15 years and overall indicates that cell therapy promotes cardiac repair. However, many issues remain, including inability to provide complete cardiac recovery. Recent studies question the need for intact cells suggesting that harnessing what the cells release is the solution. Our contribution describes important breakthroughs and current directions in a cell-based approach to alleviating cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryon A Tompkins
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (B.A.T., W.B., J.M.H.), Department of Surgery (B.A.T.), and Department of Medicine (W.B., J.M.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (J.W., M.G., G.G.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.); and CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Wayne Balkan
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (B.A.T., W.B., J.M.H.), Department of Surgery (B.A.T.), and Department of Medicine (W.B., J.M.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (J.W., M.G., G.G.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.); and CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Johannes Winkler
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (B.A.T., W.B., J.M.H.), Department of Surgery (B.A.T.), and Department of Medicine (W.B., J.M.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (J.W., M.G., G.G.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.); and CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (B.A.T., W.B., J.M.H.), Department of Surgery (B.A.T.), and Department of Medicine (W.B., J.M.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (J.W., M.G., G.G.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.); and CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Georg Goliasch
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (B.A.T., W.B., J.M.H.), Department of Surgery (B.A.T.), and Department of Medicine (W.B., J.M.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (J.W., M.G., G.G.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.); and CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (B.A.T., W.B., J.M.H.), Department of Surgery (B.A.T.), and Department of Medicine (W.B., J.M.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (J.W., M.G., G.G.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.); and CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.)
| | - Joshua M Hare
- From the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (B.A.T., W.B., J.M.H.), Department of Surgery (B.A.T.), and Department of Medicine (W.B., J.M.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (J.W., M.G., G.G.); Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.); and CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (F.F.-A.).
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Latifkar A, Hur YH, Sanchez JC, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. New insights into extracellular vesicle biogenesis and function. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/13/jcs222406. [PMID: 31263077 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly evident that most cell types are capable of forming and releasing multiple distinct classes of membrane-enclosed packages, referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a form of intercellular communication. Microvesicles (MVs) represent one of the major classes of EVs and are formed by the outward budding of the plasma membrane. The second major class of EVs, exosomes, are produced as components of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released from cells when MVBs fuse with the cell surface. Both MVs and exosomes have been shown to contain proteins, RNA transcripts, microRNAs and even DNA that can be transferred to other cells and thereby trigger a broad range of cellular activities and biological responses. However, EV biogenesis is also frequently de-regulated in different pathologies, especially cancer, where MVs and exosomes have been suggested to promote tumor cell growth, therapy resistance, invasion and even metastasis. In this Review, we highlight some of the recent advances in this rapidly emerging and exciting field of cell biology, focusing on the underlying mechanisms that drive MV and exosome formation and release, with a particular emphasis on how EVs potentially impact different aspects of cancer progression and stem cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Latifkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yun Ha Hur
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julio C Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Zarà M, Guidetti GF, Camera M, Canobbio I, Amadio P, Torti M, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Biology and Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in the Pathogenesis of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112840. [PMID: 31212641 PMCID: PMC6600675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-established mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can be released by every cell type and they can be classified into three major groups according to their biogenesis, dimension, density, and predominant protein markers: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. During their formation, EVs associate with specific cargo from their parental cell that can include RNAs, free fatty acids, surface receptors, and proteins. The biological function of EVs is to maintain cellular and tissue homeostasis by transferring critical biological cargos to distal or neighboring recipient cells. On the other hand, their role in intercellular communication may also contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including thrombosis. More recently, their physiological and biochemical properties have suggested their use as a therapeutic tool in tissue regeneration as well as a novel option for drug delivery. In this review, we will summarize the impact of EVs released from blood and vascular cells in arterial and venous thrombosis, describing the mechanisms by which EVs affect thrombosis and their potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zarà
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology in Cardiovascular Diseases, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Scientific Direction, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Gaspar D, Peixoto R, De Pieri A, Striegl B, Zeugolis DI, Raghunath M. Local pharmacological induction of angiogenesis: Drugs for cells and cells as drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:126-154. [PMID: 31226398 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decades have seen significant advances in pro-angiogenic strategies based on delivery of molecules and cells for conditions such as coronary artery disease, critical limb ischemia and stroke. Currently, three major strategies are evolving. Firstly, various pharmacological agents (growth factors, interleukins, small molecules, DNA/RNA) are locally applied at the ischemic region. Secondly, preparations of living cells with considerable bandwidth of tissue origin, differentiation state and preconditioning are delivered locally, rarely systemically. Thirdly, based on the notion, that cellular effects can be attributed mostly to factors secreted in situ, the cellular secretome (conditioned media, exosomes) has come into the spotlight. We review these three strategies to achieve (neo)angiogenesis in ischemic tissue with focus on the angiogenic mechanisms they tackle, such as transcription cascades, specific signalling steps and cellular gases. We also include cancer-therapy relevant lymphangiogenesis, and shall seek to explain why there are often conflicting data between in vitro and in vivo. The lion's share of data encompassing all three approaches comes from experimental animal work and we shall highlight common technical obstacles in the delivery of therapeutic molecules, cells, and secretome. This plethora of preclinical data contrasts with a dearth of clinical studies. A lack of adequate delivery vehicles and standardised assessment of clinical outcomes might play a role here, as well as regulatory, IP, and manufacturing constraints of candidate compounds; in addition, completed clinical trials have yet to reveal a successful and efficacious strategy. As the biology of angiogenesis is understood well enough for clinical purposes, it will be a matter of time to achieve success for well-stratified patients, and most probably with a combination of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gaspar
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rita Peixoto
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea De Pieri
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Proxy Biomedical Ltd., Coilleach, Spiddal, Galway, Ireland
| | - Britta Striegl
- Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Competence Centre Tissue Engineering for Drug Development (TEDD), Centre for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Nasser M, Wu Y, Danaoui Y, Ghosh G. Engineering microenvironments towards harnessing pro-angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:75-84. [PMID: 31147047 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for promoting vascular regeneration is a promising strategy for treating ischemic diseases. However, low engraftment and retention rate of MSCs at the target site highlights the importance of paracrine signaling of MSCs in the reparative process. Thus, harnessing MSC-secretome is essential for rational design of MSC-based therapies. The role of microenvironment in regulating the paracrine signaling of MSCs is not well known. In this study, human bone marrow-derived MSCs were seeded on matrices with varying stiffness or cell adhesive sites, and conditioned media was collected. The concentrations of angiogenic molecules in the media was measured via ELISA. In addition, the bioactivity of the released molecules was investigated via assessing the proliferation and capillary morphogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with conditioned media. Our study revealed that secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is dependent on substrate stiffness. Maximal secretion was observed when MSCs were seeded on hydrogel matrices of 5.0 kPa stiffness. Proliferation and tubulogenesis of HUVECs supported ELISA data. On the other hand, variation of cell adhesive sites while maintaining a uniform optimal stiffness, did not influence the pro-angiogenic activity of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Nasser
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, United States of America
| | - Yang Wu
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, United States of America
| | - Youssef Danaoui
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, United States of America
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Li X, Xie X, Yu Z, Chen Y, Qu G, Yu H, Luo B, Lei Y, Li Y. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury through Notch2/mTOR/autophagy signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18906-18916. [PMID: 30953350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) can ameliorate ischemic injury of various tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. In this study, we intend to investigate the effects of BMSC-derived conditioned medium (BMSC-CM) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury of H9c2 myocardial cells, and the potential mechanisms. Cell injury was determined through level of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, total intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and cell apoptosis. Autophagic activity of cells was detected through levels of the autophagy-associated proteins and autophagic flux. Results showed that BMSC-CM alleviated H/R-induced injury in H9c2 cells, as demonstrated by increased cell viability and Δψm, decreased ROS production, LDH release, and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the H/R treatment induced a decrease in autophagic activity and an increase in Notch2 signaling activation in H9c2 cells. In the presence of BMSC-CM, the autophagic activity impaired by the H/R treatment was upregulated with decreased phosphorylation of mTOR, and the activation of Notch2 signaling was downregulated. These effects of BMSC-CM could be replicated by Notch signaling inhibitor. In contrast, inhibitors of cell autophagy including chloroquine (CQ) and 3-methyladenine, diminished the protective effects of BMSC-CM. Taken together results, our study showed that BMSC-CM could protect H9c2 cells from H/R-induced injury potentially through regulating Notch2/mTOR/autophagy signaling. These findings may provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of BMSC-CM in therapy of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury as well as other ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology & Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology & Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology & Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaojing Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology & Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology & Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology & Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifeng Lei
- The Institute of Technological Sciences & School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinping Li
- Department of Pathophysiology & Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
The mesenchymal stem cell secretome: A new paradigm towards cell-free therapeutic mode in regenerative medicine. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:1-9. [PMID: 30954374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been shown to be a promising candidate for cell-based therapy. The therapeutic potential of MSCs, towards tissue repair and wound healing is essentially based on their paracrine effects. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies of MSCs have yielded encouraging results. Further, these cells have been shown to be relatively safe for clinical applications. MSCs harvested from numerous anatomical locations including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord etc., display similar immunophenotypic profiles. However, there is a large body of evidence showing that MSCs secrete a variety of biologically active molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Despite the similarity in their immunophenotype, the secretome of MSCs appears to vary significantly, depending on the age of the host and niches where the cells reside. Thus, by implication, proteomics-based profiling suggests that the therapeutic potential of the different MSC populations must also be different. Analysis of the secretome points to its influence on varied biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, wound healing, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumour for tissue maintenance and regeneration. Though MSC based therapy has been shown to be relatively safe, from a clinical standpoint, the use of cell-free infusions can altogether circumvent the administration of viable cells for therapy. Understanding the secretome of in vitro cultured MSC populations, by the analysis of the corresponding conditioned medium, will enable us to evaluate its utility as a new therapeutic option. This review will focus on the accumulating evidence that points to the therapeutic potential of the conditioned medium, both from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Finally, this review will emphasize the importance of profiling the conditioned medium for assessing its potential for cell-free therapy therapy.
Collapse
|
136
|
Jiang X, Lew KS, Chen Q, Richards AM, Wang P. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Reduce Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by the Inhibitions of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5334-5341. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190119130441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hMSC-Exo) have been shown to
reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in multiple models. I/R-induced apoptosis or autophagy play important
roles in cell death. However, little or no reports demonstrate any roles of hMSC-Exo in this regards. Objective:
To test the hypothesis that the inhibition of I/R-induced apoptosis and autophagy play a pivotal role in the cardioprotection
of hMSC-Exo.
Methods:
Myoblast H9c2 cells and isolated rat hearts underwent hypoxia/re-oxygenate (H/R) or ischemia/
reperfusion (I/R) respectively. H9c2 were treated with 1.0 μg/ml Exo, in comparison with 3-MA or rapamycin
(Rapa), a known anti- or pro-autophagic agent respectively. Hearts were treated with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml
Exo for 20 min in the beginning of reperfusion. Cell viability, WST assay, LDH release, Annexin-V staining
apoptosis assay and GFP-LC3 labeled autophagosomes formation, cardiac function and Western blot were measured.
Results:
Exo significantly reduced H/R injury as indicated by increased cell viability and reduced LDH and apoptosis.
3-MA, while Rapa, showed increased or decreased protective effects. Rapa-induced injury was partially
blocked by Exo. Exo decreased LC3-II/I ratio and increased p62, inhibited autophagosome formation, an indication
of autophagy inhibition. In isolated heart, Exo increased cardiac functional recovery and reduced LDH release
in I/R. Bcl-2 was significantly upregulated by Exo but not 3-MA. Exo downregulated Traf6 and upregulated
mTORC1/p-4eBP1.
Conclusion:
Exo reduce I/R-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Up-regulation of Bcl-2 is the cross-talk between
these two processes. The down-regulation of Traf6 and activation of mTORC1 are additional mechanisms in the
inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kar-Sheng Lew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiying Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arthur M. Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peipei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Hocine HR, Brunel S, Chen Q, Giustiniani J, San Roman MJ, Ferrat YJ, Palacios I, de la Rosa O, Lombardo E, Bensussan A, Charron D, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Al-Daccak R. Extracellular Vesicles Released by Allogeneic Human Cardiac Stem/Progenitor Cells as Part of Their Therapeutic Benefit. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:911-924. [PMID: 30924311 PMCID: PMC6708067 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive effects of therapeutic human allogeneic cardiac stem/progenitor cells (hCPC) in terms of cardiac repair/regeneration are very likely mediated by paracrine effects. Our previous studies revealed the advantageous immune interactions of allogeneic hCPC and proposed them as part of the positive paracrine effects occurring upon their application postmyocardial infarction (MI). Currently, extracellular vesicles/exosomes (EV/Exs) released by stem/progenitor cells are also proposed as major mediators of paracrine effects of therapeutic cells. Along this line, we evaluated contribution of EV/Exs released by therapeutic hCPC to the benefit of their successful allogeneic clinical application. Through tailored allogeneic in vitro human assay models mimicking the clinical setting, we demonstrate that hCPC‐released EV/Exs were rapidly and efficiently up‐taken by chief cellular actors of cardiac repair/regeneration. This promoted MAPK/Erk1/2 activation, migration, and proliferation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)‐mismatched hCPC, mimicking endogenous progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes, and enhanced endothelial cell migration, growth, and organization into tube‐like structures through activation of several signaling pathways. EV/Exs also acted as pro‐survival stimuli for HLA‐mismatched monocytes tuning their phenotype toward an intermediate anti‐inflammatory pro‐angiogenic phenotype. Thus, while positively impacting the intrinsic regenerative and angiogenic programs, EV/Exs released by therapeutic allogeneic hCPC can also actively contribute to shaping MI‐inflammatory environment, which could strengthen the benefits of hCPC allogeneic interactions. Collectively, our data might forecast the application of allogeneic hCPC followed by their cell‐free EV/Exs as a strategy that will not only elicit the cell‐contact mediated reparative/regenerative immune response but also have the desired long‐lasting effects through the EV/Exs. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:911&924
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hocine Rachid Hocine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-976, Université Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Simon Brunel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-976, Université Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Qian Chen
- Centre of Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR5282, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jerome Giustiniani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-976, Université Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Institut Jean Godinot, Unicancer, Reims, France
| | | | - Yann J Ferrat
- CERAG Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Armand Bensussan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-976, Université Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Charron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-976, Université Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Centre of Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR5282, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-976, Université Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Kim K, Lee J, Jang H, Park S, Na J, Myung JK, Kim MJ, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Kim H, Myung H, Kang J, Shim S. Photobiomodulation Enhances the Angiogenic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Mitigate Radiation-Induced Enteropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051131. [PMID: 30841658 PMCID: PMC6429482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteropathy remains a major complication after accidental or therapeutic exposure to ionizing radiation. Recent evidence suggests that intestinal microvascular damage significantly affects the development of radiation enteropathy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising tool to regenerate various tissues, including skin and intestine. Further, photobiomodulation (PBM), or low-level light therapy, can accelerate wound healing, especially by stimulating angiogenesis, and stem cells are particularly susceptible to PBM. Here, we explored the effect of PBM on the therapeutic potential of MSCs for the management of radiation enteropathy. In vitro, using human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs, PBM increased proliferation and self-renewal. Intriguingly, the conditioned medium from MSCs treated with PBM attenuated irradiation-induced apoptosis and impaired tube formation in vascular endothelial cells, and these protective effects were associated with the upregulation of several angiogenic factors. In a mouse model of radiation-induced enteropathy, treatment with PBM-preconditioned MSCs alleviated mucosal destruction, improved crypt cell proliferation and epithelial barrier functions, and significantly attenuated the loss of microvascular endothelial cells in the irradiated intestinal mucosa. This treatment also significantly increased angiogenesis in the lamina propria. Together, we suggest that PBM enhances the angiogenic potential of MSCs, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of radiation-induced enteropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyuchang Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Janet Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Na
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hyunwook Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Acute Liver Failure Model Using Scaffold. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:781-791. [PMID: 30421375 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting MSCs via blood vessel is most commonly used method, which has a major drawback of safety. The aim of our study was to evaluate efficacy using scaffold-loaded MSCs in acute liver failure model. METHOD Acute liver failure was induced in mice using thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, i.p) once a day for two consecutive days. The animals were divided in four acute liver failure groups: (1) TAA; (2) empty scaffold; (3) MSCs injected through tail vein; (4) MSC + Scaffold, scaffold loaded with MSCs, to evaluate the mortality and changes in liver function. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold alone and loaded with human MSCs was implanted on mice dorsum. RESULTS TAA dose was titrated until one-third mortality rate was achieved. TAA (200 mg/kg) once daily for two consecutive days was injected to establish the acute liver failure model. The mortality of TAA and scaffold groups was 55.9% and 63.2%, respectively. Although, mortality of MSC-TV group decreased 14.7% as compared to TAA group (p = 0.200), MSC + Scaffold group had the lowest mortality (31.4%) (p = 0.013). Cells implanted in PLGA biomaterial were survived until 3 weeks, and their function was increased. Area of hepatic inflammation and necrosis was significantly reduced in MSC-TV and MSC + Scaffold groups; but there was no difference between the two groups. Gene expressions related to inflammation were significantly decreased in MSC-TV and MSC + Scaffold groups compared to TAA group. In MSC + Scaffold group, no migration of stem cells to liver tissue was observed. Although, not all cells in scaffold were stained, some of them were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells which stained positive for PAS and CYP2E1 antibody. CONCLUSION Scaffold loaded with MSCs showed protective effects via paracrine signaling on acute liver failure model.
Collapse
|
140
|
Systemic Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules Induced by Ovalbumin in Rat Model of Asthma. Inflammation 2019; 41:2236-2245. [PMID: 30088169 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the optimal clinical outcome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is particularly dependent on fundamental understanding of therapeutic mechanisms. The current study was focused on the possible mechanisms by which rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) and/or conditioned media (CM) display broad immunomodulatory properties for ameliorating of asthma-related pathological changes. Male rats were divided equally into four experimental groups (n = 6): healthy rats received 50 μl PBS intravenously (group C), sensitized rats received 50 μl PBS intravenously (group OVA), sensitized rats received 50 μl CM intravenously (group OVA + CM), and sensitized rats received 50 μl PBS intravenously containing 2 × 106 rBMMSCs (group OVA + MSCs). After 2 weeks, the expression of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12 and INF-γ, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1; pathological injuries; and the homing of MSCs into the lung tissues were assessed. Our results showed that systemic delivery of rBMMSCs, but not CM, returned the expression of IL-5, IL-12 and INF-γ, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 and pathological injuries in the lung tissues of asthmatic groups to the near level of control group (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05). Moreover, rBMMSCs had potential to successfully recall to asthmatic niche in cell-administrated rats. However, no regulatory function was observed by MSC-CM. Collectively, our data notified the potency of MSCs in ameliorating OVA-mediated airway inflammation in a rat model of asthma presumably by regulating endothelial expression of leukocyte-selective cell adhesion molecules in lung tissue.
Collapse
|
141
|
Li J, Xue H, Li T, Chu X, Xin D, Xiong Y, Qiu W, Gao X, Qian M, Xu J, Wang Z, Li G. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice via miR-let7 mediated infiltration and polarization of M2 macrophage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:565-572. [PMID: 30739785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vasculature. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects; however, the MSCs-exosomes administration on atherosclerosis was unknown. Here, our ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet and received intravenous injections of exosomes from MSCs for 12 weeks. After tail-vein injection, MSCs-exosomes were capable of migrating to atherosclerotic plaque and selectively taking up residence near macrophages. MSCs-exosomes treatment decreased the atherosclerotic plaque area of ApoE-/- mice and greatly reduced the infiltration of macrophages in the plaque, associating induced macrophage polarization towards M2. In vitro, MSCs-exosomes treatment markedly inhibited LPS-induced M1 markers expression, while increased M2 markers expression in macrophages. Moreover, miR-let7 family was found to be highly enriched in MSCs-exosomes. Endogenous miR-let7 expression was found in the aortic root of ApoE-/- mice, and MSCs-exosomes treatment further up-regulated miR-let7 levels. In addition, inhibition of miR-let7 in U937 cells significantly inhibited the migration and M2 polarization via IGF2BP1 and HMGA2 pathway respectively in vitro. Our study demonstrates that MSCs-exosomes ameliorated atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- and promoted M2 macrophage polarization in the plaque through miR-let7/HMGA2/NF-κB pathway. In addition, MSCs-exosomes suppressed macrophage infiltration via miR-let7/IGF2BP1/PTEN pathway in the plaque. This finding extends our knowledge on MSCs-exosomes affect inflammation in atherosclerosis plaque and provides a potential method to prevent the atherosclerosis. Exosomes from MSCs hold promise as therapeutic agents to reduce the residual risk of coronary artery diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xili Chu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China
| | - Mingyu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiangye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, PR China; Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Sahu A, Foulsham W, Amouzegar A, Mittal SK, Chauhan SK. The therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells at the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:198-207. [PMID: 30695735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been heralded by their multipotentiality and immunomodulatory capacity. MSCs migrate toward sites of tissue damage, where specific pro-inflammatory factors 'license' their immunosuppressive functions. Recent studies in animal models of ocular surface disease have demonstrated the potential of MSC-derived therapies to limit inflammation and promote tissue repair. Herein, we review the immunoregulatory mechanisms of MSCs, as well as strategies to harness their regenerative function at the cornea. We examine reports of the therapeutic application of MSCs in the setting of ocular surface inflammation; including corneal injury, transplantation, ocular surface autoimmunity and allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sahu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - William Foulsham
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Afsaneh Amouzegar
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sharad K Mittal
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Korkmaz-Icöz S, Li S, Hüttner R, Ruppert M, Radovits T, Loganathan S, Sayour AA, Brlecic P, Lasitschka F, Karck M, Szabó G. Hypothermic perfusion of donor heart with a preservation solution supplemented by mesenchymal stem cells. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 38:315-326. [PMID: 30638838 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is the definitive treatment for end-stage heart failure. A shortage of donor hearts forced transplant programs to accept older donors and longer ischemic times. Previous studies have suggested that administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or their conditioned medium (CM) protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). We hypothesized that the preservation of donor hearts with a CM would protect the graft from IRI after prolonged storage in 15-month-old rats and investigated mRNA changes attributable to CM. METHODS Rat MSCs were isolated and cultured. The CM was used and characterized by a 90-antibody array, revealing the presence of 28 factors involved in apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hearts from 15-month-old donor rats were explanted and continuously perfused for 5 hours with oxygenated, 4°C cardioplegic solution, and supplemented with either regular cell culture medium (control group) or CM. The hearts were then heterotopically transplanted. We evaluated in-vivo left ventricular graft function 1.5 hours after transplantation and the myocardial expression of 120 genes using polymerase chain reaction arrays. RESULTS Systolic contractility and relaxation parameters were significantly reduced in 15-month-old rats compared with the young rats. After transplantation, systolic function (dP/dtmax: 1,197 ± 94 vs 1,825 ± 279 mm Hg/s at 140 µl; p < 0.05) and diastolic function (dP/dtmin: 737 ± 168 vs 1,200 ± 166 mm Hg/s at 140 µl, p < 0.05) were significantly improved in the CM group compared with controls. Among the genes surveyed, the expressions of 66 were altered. Genes of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins were down-regulated, whereas expression of the anti-oxidant gene superoxide dismutase-2 was up-regulated in the CM-treated grafts compared with the control group grafts. CONCLUSIONS Perfusion of donor hearts with CM protects against myocardial IRI in 15-month-old rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Regina Hüttner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sivakkanan Loganathan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Ruhr University Bochum, St. Josef- and St. Elisabeth Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alex Ali Sayour
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Maring JA, Lodder K, Mol E, Verhage V, Wiesmeijer KC, Dingenouts CKE, Moerkamp AT, Deddens JC, Vader P, Smits AM, Sluijter JPG, Goumans MJ. Cardiac Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Infarct Size and Associate with Increased Cardiovascular Cell Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 12:5-17. [PMID: 30456736 PMCID: PMC6394631 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation studies have shown that injection of progenitor cells can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Transplantation of human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) results in an increased ejection fraction, but survival and integration are low. Therefore, paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs) are likely to contribute to the beneficial effects. We investigated the contribution of EVs by transplanting hCPCs with reduced EV secretion. Interestingly, these hCPCs were unable to reduce infarct size post-MI. Moreover, injection of hCPC-EVs did significantly reduce infarct size. Analysis of EV uptake showed cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells primarily positive and a higher Ki67 expression in these cell types. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a proliferation marker associated with Ki67, was also increased in the entire infarcted area. In summary, our data suggest that EV secretion is the driving force behind the short-term beneficial effect of hCPC transplantation on cardiac recovery after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janita A Maring
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Lodder
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Mol
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Verhage
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karien C Wiesmeijer
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Calinda K E Dingenouts
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Asja T Moerkamp
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine C Deddens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke M Smits
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Mohammadipoor A, Antebi B, Batchinsky AI, Cancio LC. Therapeutic potential of products derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2018; 19:218. [PMID: 30413158 PMCID: PMC6234778 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) possess robust self-renewal characteristics and the ability to differentiate into tissue-specific cells. Their therapeutic potential appears promising as evident from their efficacy in several animal models of pulmonary disorders as well as early-phase clinical trials of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Such therapeutic efficacy might be attributed to MSC-derived products (the "secretome"), namely conditioned media (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have been shown to play pivotal roles in the regenerative function of MSCs. Importantly, the EVs secreted by MSCs can transfer a variety of bioactive factors to modulate the function of recipient cells via various mechanisms, including ligand-receptor interactions, direct membrane fusion, endocytosis, or phagocytosis.Herein, we review the current state-of-the-science of MSC-derived CM and EVs as potential therapeutic agents in lung diseases. We suggest that the MSC-derived secretome might be an appropriate therapeutic agent for treating aggressive pulmonary disorders because of biological and logistical advantages over live cell therapy. Nonetheless, further studies are warranted to elucidate the safety and efficacy of these components in combating pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Mohammadipoor
- Multi-Organ Support Technology (MOST) Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA. .,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Ben Antebi
- Multi-Organ Support Technology (MOST) Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andriy I Batchinsky
- Multi-Organ Support Technology (MOST) Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.,The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Leopoldo C Cancio
- Multi-Organ Support Technology (MOST) Task Area, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Muhammad SA, Nordin N, Fakurazi S. Regenerative potential of secretome from dental stem cells: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:321-332. [PMID: 29220331 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injury to tissues is a major clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells. Stem cell therapy is evolving rapidly as an alternative for tissue regeneration. However, increasing evidence suggests that the regenerative ability of stem cells is mainly mediated by paracrine actions of secretome that are generally secreted by the cells. We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of dental stem cell (DSC)-conditioned medium in in vivo animal models of various tissue defects. A total of 15 eligible studies was included by searching Pubmed, Scopus and Medline databases up to August 2017. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation risk of bias tool. Of 15 studies, seven reported the therapeutic benefit of the conditioned medium on neurological diseases and three reported on joint/bone-related defects. Two interventions were on liver diseases, whereas the remaining three addressed myocardial infarction and reperfusion, lung injury and diabetes. Nine studies were performed using mouse models and the remaining six studies used rat models. The methodological quality of the studies was low, as most of the key elements required in reports of preclinical studies were not reported. The findings of this review suggested that conditioned medium from DSCs improved tissue regeneration and functional recovery. This current review strengthens the therapeutic benefit of cell-free product for tissue repair in animal models. A well-planned study utilizing validated outcome measures and long-term safety studies are required for possible translation to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Institute of Bioscience and Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Cell-Based Therapies for Cardiac Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Past and Ongoing Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103194. [PMID: 30332812 PMCID: PMC6214096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable improvements in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) still represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Poor prognosis is mostly due to the limited regenerative capacity of the adult human heart, which ultimately leads to left ventricular dysfunction. As a consequence, heart transplantation is virtually the only alternative for many patients. Therefore, novel regenerative approaches are extremely needed, and several attempts have been performed to improve HF patients’ clinical conditions by promoting the replacement of the lost cardiomyocytes and by activating cardiac repair. In particular, cell-based therapies have been shown to possess a great potential for cardiac regeneration. Different cell types have been extensively tested in clinical trials, demonstrating consistent safety results. However, heterogeneous efficacy data have been reported, probably because precise end-points still need to be clearly defined. Moreover, the principal mechanism responsible for these beneficial effects seems to be the paracrine release of antiapoptotic and immunomodulatory molecules from the injected cells. This review covers past and state-of-the-art strategies in cell-based heart regeneration, highlighting the advantages, challenges, and limitations of each approach.
Collapse
|
148
|
Kim HK, Lee SG, Lee SW, Oh BJ, Kim JH, Kim JA, Lee G, Jang JD, Joe YA. A Subset of Paracrine Factors as Efficient Biomarkers for Predicting Vascular Regenerative Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 37:77-88. [PMID: 30281870 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as a promising source for cell-based therapies of ischemic disease. However, there are some hurdles in their clinical application such as poor cell engraftment and inconsistent stem cell potency. In this study, we sought to find biomarkers for predicting potency of MSCs for proangiogenic therapy to improve their beneficial effects. Large variations were observed in proangiogenic factor secretion profiles of conditioned media derived from nine different donor-derived Wharton's jelly (WJ)-derived MSCs and 8 factors among 55 angiogenesis-related factors were secreted at considerable levels. Two distinct WJ-MSCs that had the lowest or the highest secretion of these eight factors showed corresponding proangiogenic activities in in vitro angiogenesis assays. When four additional different donor-derived WJ-MSCs were further examined, proangiogenic activities in migration and tube formation of endothelial cells and in in vivo Matrigel plug assay were highly consistent with secretion levels of four major factors (angiogenin, interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). Such correlation was also observed in vascular regenerative effect in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Blocking of these four factors by neutralizing antibodies or knockdown of them by siRNA treatment resulted in significant inhibition of proangiogenic activities of not only WJ-MSCs, but also bone marrow-derived MSCs. These results suggest that these four factors may represent efficient biomarkers for predicting vascular regenerative efficacy of MSCs. Stem Cells 2019;37:77-88.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Jun Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guisera Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent Hospital of Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Deog Jang
- Catholic Institute of Cell Therapy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ae Joe
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Ning GZ, Song WY, Xu H, Zhu RS, Wu QL, Wu Y, Zhu SB, Li JQ, Wang M, Qu ZG, Feng SQ. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: Better choice of transplantation treatment for spinal cord injury: Treatment for SCI by LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:496-508. [PMID: 30294904 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation, especially treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), has been considered a promising therapy for the locomotor and neurological recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. However, the clinical benefits of BMSCs transplantation remain limited because of the considerably low viability and inhibitory microenvironment. In our research, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which has been widely applied to clinical applications and fundamental research, was employed to improve the properties of BMSCs. The most suitable intensity of LIPUS stimulation was determined. Furthermore, the optimized BMSCs were transplanted into the epicenter of injured spinal cord in rats, which were randomized into four groups: (a) Sham group (n = 10), rats received laminectomy only and the spinal cord remained intact. (b) Injury group (n = 10), rats with contused spinal cord subjected to the microinjection of PBS solution. (c) BMSCs transplantation group (n = 10), rats with contused spinal cord were injected with BMSCs without any priming. (d) LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group (n = 10), BMSCs stimulated with LIPUS were injected at the injured epicenter after contusion. Rats were then subjected to behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, and histological observation. It was found that BMSCs stimulated with LIPUS obtained higher cell viability, migration, and neurotrophic factors expression in vitro. The rate of apoptosis remained constant. After transplantation of BMSCs and LIPUS-BMSCs postinjury, locomotor function was significantly improved in LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group with higher level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the epicenter, and the expression of neurotrophic receptor was also enhanced. Histological observation demonstrated reduced cavity formation in LIPUS-BMSCs transplantation group when comparing with other groups. The results suggested LIPUS can improve BMSCs viability and neurotrophic factors expression in vitro, and transplantation of LIPUS-BMSCs could promote better functional recovery, indicating possible clinical application for the treatment of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Ye Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Sen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Li Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Bo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Qing Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Qu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Systemic delivery of mesenchymal stem cells condition media in repeated doses acts as magic bullets in restoring IFN-γ/IL-4 balance in asthmatic rats. Life Sci 2018; 212:30-36. [PMID: 30268855 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS With respect to recent advantage in stem cell application, given the concern reported previously after stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned media (MSC-CM) could be a potential approach to guarantee more safety and efficient outcomes than the current stem cell-based regenerative therapies. MAIN METHODS Male rats were assigned into four experimental groups (n = 6); healthy rats (C group), OVA sensitized rats (S group), OVA sensitized rats received a single dose of 50 μl CM intravenously (S group + SD-CM) and OVA sensitized rats received repeated doses of 50 μl CM intravenously (S group + RD-CM). Two weeks post-allergen challenge, the therapeutic effects of systemic administrated CM in single and repeated dosages were investigated by monitoring the transcription of T-bet, GATA-3, IL-4 and IFN-γ genes along with pathological changes in asthmatic lung tissue. IL-4 and IFN-γ levels and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were further evaluated in sera. KEY FINDINGS Our data revealed that the systemic introduction of CM in repeated dosages could significantly reduce pathological injures in OVA-sensitized rats by the modulation of expression of T-bet and GATA-3 in lung tissues and interleukins levels (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05). In contrary, CM in single dosage did not yield any beneficial effect. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, we indicated that systemic administration of CM in repeated dosages, but not in single dose, could be strategic approach in amelioration of asthmatic changes, presumably by the regulating the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into Th1/Th2 effector cells via modulation of T-bet and GATA-3 expression in OVA-sensitized male rats.
Collapse
|