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Hagerling C, Casbon AJ, Werb Z. Balancing the innate immune system in tumor development. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:214-20. [PMID: 25444276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system have a dual role in cancer development in both tumor initiation and progression. Innate immune cells can, on the one hand, aid malignant transformation and tumor outgrowth and, on the other hand, prevent tumor progression. The innate immune system has the ability to tune the inflammatory response and is a key player in cancer-related inflammation, which can precede the development of malignancy or be induced by oncogenic changes promoting a protumor inflammatory milieu. In this review, we discuss the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system and inflammation in tumor initiation and progression, and point to the outstanding questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Hagerling
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW1320, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy-Jo Casbon
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW1320, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW1320, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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102
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Lalani AI, Moore CR, Luo C, Kreider BZ, Liu Y, Morse HC, Xie P. Myeloid cell TRAF3 regulates immune responses and inhibits inflammation and tumor development in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:334-48. [PMID: 25422508 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are crucial players in innate immunity and inflammation. These cells constitutively or inducibly express a number of receptors of the TNFR and TLR families, whose signals are transduced by TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) molecules. In vitro studies showed that TRAF3 is required for TLR-induced type I IFN production, but the in vivo function of TRAF3 in myeloid cells remains unknown. In this article, we report the generation and characterization of myeloid cell-specific TRAF3-deficient (M-TRAF3(-/-)) mice, which allowed us to gain insights into the in vivo functions of TRAF3 in myeloid cells. We found that TRAF3 ablation did not affect the maturation or homeostasis of myeloid cells in young adult mice, even though TRAF3-deficient macrophages and neutrophils exhibited constitutive NF-κB2 activation. However, in response to injections with LPS (a bacterial mimic) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (a viral mimic), M-TRAF3(-/-) mice exhibited an altered profile of cytokine production. M-TRAF3(-/-) mice immunized with T cell-independent and -dependent Ags displayed elevated T cell-independent IgG3 and T cell-dependent IgG2b responses. Interestingly, 15- to 22-mo-old M-TRAF3(-/-) mice spontaneously developed chronic inflammation or tumors, often affecting multiple organs. Taken together, our findings indicate that TRAF3 expressed in myeloid cells regulates immune responses in myeloid cells and acts to inhibit inflammation and tumor development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almin I Lalani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Carissa R Moore
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Chang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Benjamin Z Kreider
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852; and
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
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103
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Gervassi A, Lejarcegui N, Dross S, Jacobson A, Itaya G, Kidzeru E, Gantt S, Jaspan H, Horton H. Myeloid derived suppressor cells are present at high frequency in neonates and suppress in vitro T cell responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107816. [PMID: 25248150 PMCID: PMC4172591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 4 million infants die each year from infections, many of which are vaccine-preventable. Young infants respond relatively poorly to many infections and vaccines, but the basis of reduced immunity in infants is ill defined. We sought to investigate whether myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent one potential impediment to protective immunity in early life, which may help inform strategies for effective vaccination prior to pathogen exposure. We enrolled healthy neonates and children in the first 2 years of life along with healthy adult controls to examine the frequency and function of MDSC, a cell population able to potently suppress T cell responses. We found that MDSC, which are rarely seen in healthy adults, are present in high numbers in neonates and their frequency rapidly decreases during the first months of life. We determined that these neonatal MDSC are of granulocytic origin (G-MDSC), and suppress both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferative responses in a contact-dependent manner and gamma interferon production. Understanding the role G-MDSC play in infant immunity could improve vaccine responsiveness in newborns and reduce mortality due to early-life infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gervassi
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Lejarcegui
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sandra Dross
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Amanda Jacobson
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Grace Itaya
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elvis Kidzeru
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soren Gantt
- University of British Columbia Department of Pediatrics and Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Heather Jaspan
- University of Washington Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen Horton
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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104
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Kapp K, Prüfer S, Michel CS, Habermeier A, Luckner-Minden C, Giese T, Bomalaski J, Langhans CD, Kropf P, Müller I, Closs EI, Radsak MP, Munder M. Granulocyte functions are independent of arginine availability. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1047-53. [PMID: 25104794 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ab0214-082r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine depletion via myeloid cell arginase is critically involved in suppression of the adaptive immune system during cancer or chronic inflammation. On the other hand, arginine depletion is being developed as a novel anti-tumor metabolic strategy to deprive arginine-auxotrophic cancer cells of this amino acid. In human immune cells, arginase is mainly expressed constitutively in PMNs. We therefore purified human primary PMNs from healthy donors and analyzed PMN function as the main innate effector cell and arginase producer in the context of arginine deficiency. We demonstrate that human PMN viability, activation-induced IL-8 synthesis, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of ROS, and fungicidal activity are not impaired by the absence of arginine in vitro. Also, profound pharmacological arginine depletion in vivo via ADI-PEG20 did not inhibit PMN functions in a mouse model of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis; PMN invasion into the lung, activation, and successful PMN-dependent clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus and survival of mice were not impaired. These novel findings add to a better understanding of immunity during inflammation-associated arginine depletion and are also important for the development of therapeutic arginine depletion as anti-metabolic tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kapp
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neonatology and
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Bomalaski
- Polaris Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA; and
| | - Claus-Dieter Langhans
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascale Kropf
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Müller
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Markus P Radsak
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), Research Center for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Munder
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), Department of Neonatology and
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105
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Keskinov AA, Shurin MR. Myeloid regulatory cells in tumor spreading and metastasis. Immunobiology 2014; 220:236-42. [PMID: 25178934 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of metastasis is determined by both the accretion of essential changes in cancerous cells and by their communications with different stromal elements in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, inflammatory response and emergence of immune regulatory cells, such and myeloid regulatory cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and lymphoid regulatory cells (regulatory T, B and NK cells) to the tumor site have been reported to support tumor growth in addition to spreading and metastasis. Every phase of tumor progression, from its initiation through metastatic expansion, is endorsed by interaction between malignant and immune cells mediated by a number of growth factors, cytokines, proteases and other molecules that modify the tumor microenvironment. Invasion and metastasis depend on intratumoral vascularization, alterations of the basement membrane and degradation of the extracellular matrix for tumor cell spreading, invasion and extravasation into the blood and lymphatic vessels. The consequent dissemination of cancerous cells to distant tissues and organs necessitates a trafficking through the vasculature, which is promoted by further interactions with cells of the immune system, including myeloid regulatory cells. Moreover, the formation of the pre-metastatic niche and specific metastasis organ tropism is also regulated and controlled by bone marrow-derived hematopoietic immune progenitor cells, immature myeloid cells and certain cytokines, chemokines and growth factors derived from tumor and immune cells, which amend the local microenvironment of the organ or tissue to promote adhesion and survival of circulating cancerous cells. Although the potential role for myeloid regulatory cells in tumor spreading and development of pre-metastatic niche has been suggested, the concept still requires further supportive experimental and clinical data, as well as data related to specific factors and mechanisms responsible for myeloid regulatory cell functioning at malignant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Keskinov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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106
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Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are increased and exert immunosuppressive activity together with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101848. [PMID: 25014230 PMCID: PMC4094386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune tolerance can derive from the recruitment of suppressor cell population, including myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), able to inhibit T cells activity. We identified a significantly expanded MDSCs population in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis that decreased to normal levels after imatinib therapy. In addition, expression of arginase 1 (Arg1) that depletes microenvironment of arginine, an essential aminoacid for T cell function, resulted in an increase in patients at diagnosis. Purified CML CD11b+CD33+CD14-HLADR- cells markedly suppressed normal donor T cell proliferation in vitro. Comparing CML Gr-MDSCs to autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) we observed a higher Arg1 expression and activity in PMNs, together with an inhibitory effect on T cells in vitro. Our data indicate that CML cells create an immuno-tolerant environment associated to MDSCs expansion with immunosuppressive capacity mediated by Arg1. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time also an immunosuppressive activity of CML PMNs, suggesting a strong potential immune escape mechanism created by CML cells, which control the anti-tumor reactive T cells. MDSCs should be monitored in imatinib discontinuation trials to understand their importance in relapsing patients.
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107
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Shen M, Hu P, Donskov F, Wang G, Liu Q, Du J. Tumor-associated neutrophils as a new prognostic factor in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98259. [PMID: 24906014 PMCID: PMC4048155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) have been reported in a variety of malignancies. We conducted an up-to-date meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of TAN in cancer. Method Pubmed, Embase and web of science databases were searched for studies published up to April 2013. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The impact of neutrophils localization and primary antibody were also assessed. Results A total of 3946 patients with various solid tumors from 20 studies were included. High density of intratumoral neutrophils were independently associated with unfavorable survival; the pooled HRs were 1.68 (95%CI: 1.36–2.07, I2 = 55.8%, p<0.001) for recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), 3.36 (95%CI: 2.08–5.42, I2 = 0%, p<0.001) for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and 1.66 (95%CI: 1.37–2.01, I2 = 70.5%, p<0.001) for overall survival (OS). Peritumoral and stromal neutrophils were not statistically significantly associated with survival. When grouped by primary antibody, the pooled HRs were 1.80 (95%CI: 1.47–2.22, I2 = 67.7%, p<0.001) for CD66b, and 1.44 (95%CI: 0.90–2.30, I2 = 45.9%, p = 0.125) for CD15, suggesting that CD66b positive TAN might have a better prognostic value than CD15. Conclusion High levels of intratumoral neutrophils are associated with unfavorable recurrence-free, cancer-specific and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Shen
- Institute of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Hu
- Institute of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Frede Donskov
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JD); (QL)
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JD); (QL)
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108
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Andzinski L, Wu CF, Lienenklaus S, Kröger A, Weiss S, Jablonska J. Delayed apoptosis of tumor associated neutrophils in the absence of endogenous IFN-β. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:572-83. [PMID: 24806531 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of neutrophils in tumor immune surveillance, invasive growth and angiogenesis becomes increasingly clear. Many of neutrophil activities are controlled by endogenous IFN-β. Here, we provide evidence that endogenous IFN-β is regulating the apoptosis of pro-angiogenic tumor infiltrating neutrophils by influencing both, the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Accordingly, the life span of tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) is remarkably prolonged in tumor bearing Ifnb1(-/-) mice compared to wild type controls. Lower expression of Fas, reactive oxygen species, active Caspase 3 and 9, as well as a change in expression pattern of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family and the major apoptosome constituent Apaf-1 is observed under such conditions. In line with inhibition of apoptosis and the prolonged neutrophil survival, in the absence of endogenous IFN-β, a strong enhancement of G-CSF expression and PI3 Kinase phosphorylation is detected. These data explain the increased longevity of tumor infiltrating neutrophils and the accumulation of such cells in tumors. Taken together, our findings add to the important role of Type I IFN in immune surveillance against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Andzinski
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
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109
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Altevogt P, Bretz NP, Ridinger J, Utikal J, Umansky V. Novel insights into exosome-induced, tumor-associated inflammation and immunomodulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 28:51-7. [PMID: 24769223 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immune system of cancer patients is often suppressed. Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes released from tumor cells may play an essential role in this process but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we review recent papers showing that exosomes trigger the release of cytokines/chemokines from immune cells. We suggest that this process will either result in the stimulation of anti-tumor immune reactions or in a systemic immunosuppression. The direction appears to be largely dependent on the duration of interactions between immune cells and exosomes leading to the accumulation of inflammatory factors, i.e. on the length of the exposure to these factors. We propose that a long-term interaction of the immune system with elevated levels of tumor exosomes contributes to the development of immunosuppression in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Altevogt
- Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Niko P Bretz
- Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ridinger
- Translational Immunology, D015, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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110
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Kasahara DI, Kim HY, Mathews JA, Verbout NG, Williams AS, Wurmbrand AP, Ninin FMC, Neto FL, Benedito LAP, Hug C, Umetsu DT, Shore SA. Pivotal role of IL-6 in the hyperinflammatory responses to subacute ozone in adiponectin-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L508-20. [PMID: 24381131 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00235.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose-derived hormone with anti-inflammatory activity. Following subacute ozone exposure (0.3 ppm for 24-72 h), neutrophilic inflammation and IL-6 are augmented in adiponectin-deficient (Adipo(-/-)) mice. The IL-17/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) axis is required for this increased neutrophilia. We hypothesized that elevated IL-6 in Adipo(-/-) mice contributes to their augmented responses to ozone via effects on IL-17A expression. Therefore, we generated mice deficient in both adiponectin and IL-6 (Adipo(-/-)/IL-6(-/-)) and exposed them to ozone or air. In ozone-exposed mice, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils, IL-6, and G-CSF, and pulmonary Il17a mRNA expression were greater in Adipo(-/-) vs. wild-type mice, but reduced in Adipo(-/-)/IL-6(-/-) vs. Adipo(-/-) mice. IL-17A(+) F4/80(+) cells and IL-17A(+) γδ T cells were also reduced in Adipo(-/-)/IL-6(-/-) vs. Adipo(-/-) mice exposed to ozone. Only BAL neutrophils were reduced in IL-6(-/-) vs. wild-type mice. In wild-type mice, IL-6 was expressed in Gr-1(+)F4/80(-)CD11c(-) cells, whereas in Adipo(-/-) mice F4/80(+)CD11c(+) cells also expressed IL-6, suggesting that IL-6 is regulated by adiponectin in these alveolar macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis identified serum amyloid A3 (Saa3), which promotes IL-17A expression, as the gene most differentially augmented by ozone in Adipo(-/-) vs. wild-type mice. After ozone, Saa3 mRNA expression was markedly greater in Adipo(-/-) vs. wild-type mice but reduced in Adipo(-/-)/IL-6(-/-) vs. Adipo(-/-) mice. In conclusion, our data support a pivotal role of IL-6 in the hyperinflammatory condition observed in Adipo(-/-) mice after ozone exposure and suggest that this role of IL-6 involves its ability to induce Saa3, IL-17A, and G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Kasahara
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept. of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115.
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111
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Abstract
Tumour-induced granulocytic hyperplasia is associated with tumour vasculogenesis and escape from immunity via T cell suppression. Initially, these myeloid cells were identified as granulocytes or monocytes; however, recent studies have revealed that this hyperplasia is associated with populations of multipotent progenitor cells that have been identified as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The study of MDSCs has provided a wealth of information regarding tumour pathobiology, has extended our understanding of neoplastic progression and has modified our approaches to immune adjuvant therapy. In this Timeline article, we discuss the history of MDSCs, their influence on tumour progression and metastasis, and the crosstalk between tumour cells, MDSCs and the host macroenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Talmadge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE 68198-6495, USA
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112
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Slaney CY, Rautela J, Parker BS. The emerging role of immunosurveillance in dictating metastatic spread in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5852-7. [PMID: 24062312 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is now well known that the immune system can recognize transformed cells and control the initiation and growth of some cancers, a process termed tumor immunosurveillance. Key regulators of this process have been described in the primary tumor setting, where the balance of protumor and antitumor responses dictates tumor initiation and progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that immunosurveillance may also be critical for regulating metastatic spread, the most fatal aspect of cancer, and that mechanisms of overcoming immune control may be quite different from those at the primary site. Our recent findings support loss of type I interferon (IFN) signaling as a tumor-cell intrinsic mechanism of evading metastasis-specific immune responses in breast cancer. We revealed that type I IFN-induced innate (natural killer) and adaptive (CD8(+) T cell) responses suppressed bone metastatic growth and this was associated with decreased accumulation of immune suppressor cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells). This review summarizes recent findings that are in support of tumor-induced immunosurveillance in regulating metastatic spread, including evidence that immune regulation of primary tumors may be distinct from those dictating metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Y Slaney
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne; and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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113
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Tumor associated macrophages and neutrophils in cancer. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1402-10. [PMID: 23891329 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex framework, in which myeloid cells play important roles in sculpting cancer development from tumor initiation to metastasis. Immune cells are key participants of the tumor microenvironment where they can promote or inhibit cancer formation and development. Plasticity is a widely accepted hallmark of myeloid cells and in particular of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. It includes the ability to display a wide spectrum of activation states in response to distinct signals and classical M1 or alternative M2 macrophages represent a paradigm of this feature. Neutrophils have long been viewed as terminally differentiated effector cells, playing a major role during the acute phase of inflammation and resistance against microbes. Recent evidence questioned this limited point of view, indicating that neutrophils can interact with distinct cell populations and produce a wide number of cytokines and effector molecules. Therefore, macrophages and neutrophils are both integrated in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in various inflammatory situations, including cancer.
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114
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Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are known for decades as central effector cells of the innate immune system. Because of their ability to rapidly recognize, take up and eliminate pathogens, these cells ensure the survival of the host before the onset of adaptive immunity. In tumor immunology neutrophils have long been ignored or at least underestimated, because the field focused on adaptive and antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity with tumor antigens, dendritic cells and T cells as the main players. More recently, the role of inflammation during tumor initiation and progression has raised considerable interest in the field. It is not surprising that neutrophils as primary inflammatory cells have also entered the arena of the immunologic tumor host interaction.
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