101
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Lock MC, Darby JRT, Soo JY, Brooks DA, Perumal SR, Selvanayagam JB, Seed M, Macgowan CK, Porrello ER, Tellam RL, Morrison JL. Differential Response to Injury in Fetal and Adolescent Sheep Hearts in the Immediate Post-myocardial Infarction Period. Front Physiol 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30890961 PMCID: PMC6412108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Characterizing the response to myocardial infarction (MI) in the regenerative sheep fetus heart compared to the post-natal non-regenerative adolescent heart may reveal key morphological and molecular differences that equate to the response to MI in humans. We hypothesized that the immediate response to injury in (a) infarct compared with sham, and (b) infarct, border, and remote tissue, in the fetal sheep heart would be fundamentally different to the adolescent, allowing for repair after damage. Methods: We used a sheep model of MI induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Surgery was performed on fetuses (105 days) and adolescent sheep (6 months). Sheep were randomly separated into MI (n = 5) or Sham (n = 5) surgery groups at both ages. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological/immunohistochemical staining, and qRT-PCR to assess the morphological and molecular differences between the different age groups in response to infarction. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging showed no difference in fetuses for key functional parameters; however there was a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output in the adolescent sheep heart at 3 days post-infarction. There was no significant difference in functional parameters between MRI sessions at Day 0 and Day 3 after surgery. Expression of genes involved in glucose transport and fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines as well as growth factors and cell cycle regulators remained largely unchanged in the infarcted compared to sham ventricular tissue in the fetus, but were significantly dysregulated in the adolescent sheep. Different cardiac tissue region-specific gene expression profiles were observed between the fetal and adolescent sheep. Conclusion: Fetuses demonstrated a resistance to cardiac damage not observed in the adolescent animals. The manipulation of specific gene expression profiles to a fetal-like state may provide a therapeutic strategy to treat patients following an infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jia Yin Soo
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sunthara Rajan Perumal
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joseph B Selvanayagam
- Cardiac Imaging Research Group, Department of Heart Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mike Seed
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Cardiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ross L Tellam
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Hardy SA, Mabotuwana NS, Murtha LA, Coulter B, Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Al-Omary MS, Senanayake T, Loering S, Starkey M, Lee RJ, Rainer PP, Hansbro PM, Boyle AJ. Novel role of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in cardiac aging and myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212230. [PMID: 30789914 PMCID: PMC6383988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of heart failure increases in the aging population and following myocardial infarction (MI), yet the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling underpinning the development of aging- and MI-associated cardiac fibrosis remains poorly understood. A link between inflammation and fibrosis in the heart has long been appreciated, but has mechanistically remained undefined. We investigated the expression of a novel protein, extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in the aging and infarcted heart. METHODS Young adult (3-month old) and aging (18-month old) C57BL/6 mice were assessed. Young mice were subjected to left anterior descending artery-ligation to induce MI, or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce pressure-overload cardiomyopathy. Left ventricle (LV) tissue was collected early and late post-MI/TAC. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were isolated from young healthy mice, and subject to flow cytometry. Human cardiac fibroblast (CFb), myocyte, and coronary artery endothelial & smooth muscle cell lines were cultured; human CFbs were treated with recombinant ECM1. Primary mouse CFbs were cultured and treated with recombinant angiotensin-II or TGF-β1. Immunoblotting, qPCR and mRNA fluorescent in-situ hybridization (mRNA-FISH) were conducted on LV tissue and cells. RESULTS ECM1 expression was upregulated in the aging LV, and in the infarct zone of the LV early post-MI. No significant differences in ECM1 expression were found late post-MI or at any time-point post-TAC. ECM1 was not expressed in any resident cardiac cells, but ECM1 was highly expressed in BMCs, with high ECM1 expression in granulocytes. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed ECM1 expression in large granular leucocytes. mRNA-FISH revealed that ECM1 was indeed expressed by inflammatory cells in the infarct zone at day-3 post-MI. ECM1 stimulation of CFbs induced ERK1/2 and AKT activation and collagen-I expression, suggesting a pro-fibrotic role. CONCLUSIONS ECM1 expression is increased in ageing and infarcted hearts but is not expressed by resident cardiac cells. Instead it is expressed by bone marrow-derived granulocytes. ECM1 is sufficient to induce cardiac fibroblast stimulation in vitro. Our findings suggest ECM1 is released from infiltrating inflammatory cells, which leads to cardiac fibroblast stimulation and fibrosis in aging and MI. ECM1 may be a novel intermediary between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Hardy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nishani S. Mabotuwana
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianna Coulter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Omary
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharindu Senanayake
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Svenja Loering
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm Starkey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Randall J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Edyth and Eli Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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103
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Deleon-Pennell KY, Ero OK, Ma Y, Padmanabhan Iyer R, Flynn ER, Espinoza I, Musani SK, Vasan RS, Hall ME, Fox ER, Lindsey ML. Glycoproteomic Profiling Provides Candidate Myocardial Infarction Predictors of Later Progression to Heart Failure. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1272-1280. [PMID: 30729226 PMCID: PMC6356850 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that identifying plasma glycoproteins that predict the development of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) could help to stratify subjects at risk. Plasma collected at visit 2 (2005-2008) from an MI subset of Jackson Heart Study participants underwent glycoproteomics and was grouped by the outcome: (1) heart failure hospitalization after visit 2 (n = 15) and (2) without hospitalization by 2012 (n = 45). Proteins were mapped for biological processes and functional pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and linked to clinical characteristics. A total of 198 glycopeptides corresponding to 88 proteins were identified (data available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009870). Of these, 14 glycopeptides were significantly different between MI and MI + HF groups and corresponded to apolipoprotein (Apo) F, transthyretin, Apo C-IV, prostaglandin-D2 synthase, complement C9, and CD59 (p < 0.05 for all). All proteins were elevated in the MI + HF group, except CD59, which was lower. Four canonical pathways were upregulated in the MI + HF group (p < 0.05 for all): acute phase response, liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor, and macrophage reactive oxygen species generation. The coagulation pathway was significantly downregulated in the MI + HF group (p < 0.05). Even after adjustment for age and sex, Apo F was associated with the increased risk for heart failure (OR = 21.84; 95% CI 3.20-149.14). In conclusion, glycoproteomic profiling provided candidate early MI predictors of later progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y. Deleon-Pennell
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
- Research
Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 843-789-6839. Fax: 843-876-5068 (K.Y.D.-P.)
| | - Osasere K. Ero
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Flynn
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Solomon K. Musani
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Preventive
Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Ervin R. Fox
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Mississippi
Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Department of Preventive Medicine and Cancer Institute, Jackson Heart Study, and Division of Cardiology, UMMC, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, United States
- Research
Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 601-815-1329. Fax: 601-984-1817 (M.L.L.)
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Mouton AJ, Ma Y, Rivera Gonzalez OJ, Daseke MJ, Flynn ER, Freeman TC, Garrett MR, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Lindsey ML. Fibroblast polarization over the myocardial infarction time continuum shifts roles from inflammation to angiogenesis. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:6. [PMID: 30635789 PMCID: PMC6329742 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are the major producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) to form infarct scar. We hypothesized that fibroblasts undergo a spectrum of phenotype states over the course of myocardial infarction (MI) from early onset to scar formation. Fibroblasts were isolated from the infarct region of C57BL/6J male mice (3-6 months old, n = 60) at days 0 (no MI control) and 1, 3, or 7 after MI. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA-sequencing. Of the genes sequenced, 3371 were differentially expressed after MI. Enrichment analysis revealed that MI day 1 fibroblasts displayed pro-inflammatory, leukocyte-recruiting, pro-survival, and anti-migratory phenotype through Tnfrsf9 and CD137 signaling. MI day 3 fibroblasts had a proliferative, pro-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic profile with elevated Il4ra signaling. MI day 7 fibroblasts showed an anti-angiogenic homeostatic-like myofibroblast profile and with a step-wise increase in Acta2 expression. MI day 7 fibroblasts relied on Pik3r3 signaling to mediate Tgfb1 effects and Fgfr2 to regulate PI3K signaling. In vitro, the day 3 MI fibroblast secretome stimulated angiogenesis, while day 7 MI fibroblast secretome repressed angiogenesis through Thbs1 signaling. Our results reveal novel mechanisms for fibroblasts in expressing pro-inflammatory molecules and regulating angiogenesis following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Michael J Daseke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
- Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
- Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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105
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Saporito F, Baugh LM, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Perotti C, Sandri G, Black L, Ferrari F. In Situ Gelling Scaffolds Loaded with Platelet Growth Factors to Improve Cardiomyocyte Survival after Ischemia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:329-338. [PMID: 33405861 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is caused by prolonged ischemia and it is one of the main cause that leads to heart failures. The aim of the present work was the development of in situ gelling systems, based on poloxamer 407 (P407) or sodium alginate (Alg), loaded with platelet lysate (PL) to enhance cardiomyocyte survival after ischemia. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan able to interact with different positively charged bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, was also investigated with both the systems. The gelation properties of both systems (viscosity, viscoelasticity, consistency by means of penetrometry, and injectability) were characterized in a physiological environment. In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility using fetal cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts) demonstrated that the PL loaded alginate/chondroitin sulfate system retained the highest number of viable cells with equal distribution of the populations of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the ability of the systems to improve cardiomyocyte survival after ischemia was also assessed. PL allowed for the highest degree of survival of cardiomyocytes after oxidative damage (simulating ischemic conditions due to MI) and both the Alg + CS PL and, to a greater extent, the PL alone demonstrated a considerable increase in survival of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, an in situ gelling alginate-chondroitin sulfate system, loaded with platelet lysate, was able to improve the survival of cardiomyocytes after oxidative damage resulting in a promising system to improve cardiac cell viability after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saporito
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lauren M Baugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lauren Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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He Q, Wang F, Honda T, James J, Li J, Redington A. Loss of miR-144 signaling interrupts extracellular matrix remodeling after myocardial infarction leading to worsened cardiac function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16886. [PMID: 30443020 PMCID: PMC6237773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that MicroRNA (miR) -144 is a key modulator of the acute cardioprotection associated with remote ischemic preconditioning and post myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling. In this study we examine the biology of the remodeling response after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in male miR-144 KO mice, and wild-type littermates (WT). Collagen content and cross linking were determined by hydroxyproline and pyridinoline assays, MI size and scar thickness were measured post PicoSirius Red staining, and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. miR-144 KO mice developed normally with normal cardiac function, however after MI, infarction size was greater and scar thickness was reduced in miR-144 KO mice compared with WT littermates. miR-144 KO mice had a lower incidence of acute cardiac rupture compared with WT littermates early after MI but there was impaired late remodeling, reflected by increased total cardiac collagen content and collagen cross-linkage associated with changes in Zeb1/LOX1 axis, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. We conclude that miR-144 is involved in extracellular matrix remodeling post MI and its loss leads to increased myocardial fibrosis and impaired functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan He
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fangfei Wang
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Takashi Honda
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeanne James
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Redington
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Mouton AJ, Rivera Gonzalez OJ, Kaminski AR, Moore ET, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 as an endogenous resolution promoting factor following myocardial infarction. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:252-258. [PMID: 30394317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), timely resolution of inflammation promotes wound healing and scar formation while limiting excessive tissue damage. Resolution promoting factors (RPFs) are agents that blunt leukocyte trafficking and inflammation, promote necrotic and apoptotic cell clearance, and stimulate scar formation. Previously identified RPFs include mediators derived from lipids (resolvins, lipoxins, protectins, and maresins), proteins (glucocorticoids, annexin A1, galectin 1, and melanocortins), or gases (CO, H2S, and NO). Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12; macrophage elastase) has shown promising RPF qualities in a variety of disease states. We review here the evidence that MMP-12 may serve as a novel RPF with potential therapeutic efficacy in the setting of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera Gonzalez
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Amanda R Kaminski
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Edwin T Moore
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1500 E Woodrow Wilson Ave, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States.
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108
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Haushalter KJ, Patel HH. Not all fiber is good for you: targeting fibroblast activation to improve cardiac function in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1000-H1001. [PMID: 30004238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00386.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer J Haushalter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine , San Diego, California
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine , San Diego, California.,Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, California
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Al-Hattab DS, Safi HA, Nagalingam RS, Bagchi RA, Stecy MT, Czubryt MP. Scleraxis regulates Twist1 and Snai1 expression in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H658-H668. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00092.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous physiological and pathological events, from organ development to cancer and fibrosis, are characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby adherent epithelial cells convert to migratory mesenchymal cells. During cardiac development, proepicardial organ epithelial cells undergo EMT to generate fibroblasts. Subsequent stress or damage induces further phenotype conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, causing fibrosis via synthesis of an excessive extracellular matrix. We have previously shown that the transcription factor scleraxis is both sufficient and necessary for the conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and found that scleraxis knockout reduced cardiac fibroblast numbers by 50%, possibly via EMT attenuation. Scleraxis induced expression of the EMT transcriptional regulators Twist1 and Snai1 via an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that scleraxis binds to E-box consensus sequences within the Twist1 and Snai1 promoters to transactivate these genes directly. Scleraxis upregulates expression of both genes in A549 epithelial cells and in cardiac myofibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-β induces EMT, fibrosis, and scleraxis expression, and we found that transforming growth factor-β-mediated upregulation of Twist1 and Snai1 completely depends on the presence of scleraxis. Snai1 knockdown upregulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin; however, this effect was lost after scleraxis overexpression, suggesting that scleraxis may repress E-cadherin expression. Together, these results indicate that scleraxis can regulate EMT via direct transactivation of the Twist1 and Snai1 genes. Given the role of scleraxis in also driving the myofibroblast phenotype, scleraxis appears to be a critical controller of fibroblast genesis and fate in the myocardium and thus may play key roles in wound healing and fibrosis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The molecular mechanism by which the transcription factor scleraxis mediates Twist1 and Snai1 gene expression was determined. These results reveal a novel means of transcriptional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is dependent on scleraxis, providing a potential target for controlling this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah S. Al-Hattab
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hamza A. Safi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raghu S. Nagalingam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rushita A. Bagchi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew T. Stecy
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael P. Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Vajen T, Koenen RR, Werner I, Staudt M, Projahn D, Curaj A, Sönmez TT, Simsekyilmaz S, Schumacher D, Möllmann J, Hackeng TM, Hundelshausen PV, Weber C, Liehn EA. Blocking CCL5-CXCL4 heteromerization preserves heart function after myocardial infarction by attenuating leukocyte recruitment and NETosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10647. [PMID: 30006564 PMCID: PMC6045661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death in Western countries and finding new strategies for its prevention and treatment is thus of high priority. In a previous study, we have demonstrated a pathophysiologic relevance for the heterophilic interaction of CCL5 and CXCL4 in the progression of atherosclerosis. A specifically designed compound (MKEY) to block this CCL5-CXCR4 interaction is investigated as a potential therapeutic in a model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage. 8 week-old male C57BL/6 mice were intravenously treated with MKEY or scrambled control (sMKEY) from 1 day before, until up to 7 days after I/R. By using echocardiography and intraventricular pressure measurements, MKEY treatment resulted in a significant decrease in infarction size and preserved heart function as compared to sMKEY-treated animals. Moreover, MKEY treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory reaction following I/R, as revealed by specific staining for neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages. Interestingly, MKEY treatment led to a significant reduction of citrullinated histone 3 in the infarcted tissue, showing that MKEY can prevent neutrophil extracellular trap formation in vivo. Disrupting chemokine heterodimers during myocardial I/R might have clinical benefits, preserving the therapeutic benefit of blocking specific chemokines, and in addition, reducing the inflammatory side effects maintaining normal immune defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vajen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Isabella Werner
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Staudt
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Delia Projahn
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tolga Taha Sönmez
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Karlsruhe City Hospital of Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Möllmann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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Purcell BP, Barlow SC, Perreault PE, Freeburg L, Doviak H, Jacobs J, Hoenes A, Zellars KN, Khakoo AY, Lee T, Burdick JA, Spinale FG. Delivery of a matrix metalloproteinase-responsive hydrogel releasing TIMP-3 after myocardial infarction: effects on left ventricular remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H814-H825. [PMID: 29979624 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00076.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although improvements in timing and approach for early reperfusion with acute coronary syndromes have occurred, myocardial injury culminating in a myocardial infarction (MI) remains a common event. Although a multifactorial process, an imbalance between the induction of proteolytic pathways, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), has been shown to contribute to this process. In the present study, a full-length TIMP-3 recombinant protein (rTIMP-3) was encapsulated in a specifically formulated hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel that contained MMP-cleavable peptide cross-links, which influenced the rate of rTIMP-3 release from the HA gel. The effects of localized delivery of this MMP-sensitive HA gel (HAMMPS) alone and containing rTIMP-3 (HAMMPS/rTIMP-3) were examined in terms of the natural history of post-MI remodeling. Pigs were randomized to one of the following three different groups: MI and saline injection (MI/saline group, 100-μl injection at nine injection sites, n = 7), MI and HAMMPS injection (MI/HAMMPS group; 100-μl injection at nine injection sites, n = 7), and MI and HAMMPS/rTIMP-3 injection (MI/HAMMPS/rTIMP-3 group; 20-μg/100-μl injection at nine injection sites, n = 7). Left ventricular (LV) echocardiography was serially performed up to 28 days post-MI. LV dilation, as measured by end-diastolic volume, and the degree of MI wall thinning were reduced by ~50% in the HAMMPS/rTIMP-3 group ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, indexes of heart failure progression post-MI, such as LV filling pressures and left atrial size, were also attenuated to the greatest degree in the HAMMPS/rTIMP-3 group. At 28 days post-MI, HAMMPS/rTIMP-3 caused a relative reduction in the transcriptional profile for myofibroblasts as well as profibrotic pathways, which was confirmed by subsequent histochemistry. In conclusion, these findings suggest that localized delivery of a MMP-sensitive biomaterial that releases a recombinant TIMP holds promise as a means to interrupt adverse post-MI remodeling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study targeted a myocardial matrix proteolytic system, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), through the use of a recombinant tissue inhibitor of MMPs incorporated into a MMP-sensitive hydrogel, which was regionally injected using a large animal model of myocardial infarction. Left ventricular geometry and function and indexes of myocardial remodeling were improved with this approach and support the advancement of localized therapeutic strategies that specifically target the myocardial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Purcell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shayne C Barlow
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Paige E Perreault
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Lisa Freeburg
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Heather Doviak
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Julia Jacobs
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Abigail Hoenes
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kia N Zellars
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Aarif Y Khakoo
- CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen, South San Francisco, California
| | - TaeWeon Lee
- CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Columbia, South Carolina
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113
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Rizvi F, Siddiqui R, DeFranco A, Homar P, Emelyanova L, Holmuhamedov E, Ross G, Tajik AJ, Jahangir A. Simvastatin reduces TGF-β1-induced SMAD2/3-dependent human ventricular fibroblasts differentiation: Role of protein phosphatase activation. Int J Cardiol 2018; 270:228-236. [PMID: 30220377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive cardiac fibrosis due to maladaptive remodeling leads to progression of cardiac dysfunction and is modulated by TGF-β1-activated intracellular phospho-SMAD signaling effectors and transcription regulators. SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, regulated by protein-phosphatases, has been studied in different cell types, but its role in human ventricular fibroblasts (hVFs) is not defined as a target to reduce cytokine-mediated excessive fibrotic response and adverse cardiac remodeling. Statins are a class of drugs reported to reduce cardiac fibrosis, although underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We aimed to assess whether simvastatin-mediated reduction in TGF-β1-augmented profibrotic response involves reduction in phospho-SMAD2/3 owing to activation of protein-phosphatase in hVFs. METHODS AND RESULTS Cultures of hVFs were used. Effect of simvastatin on TGF-β1-treated hVF proliferation, cytotoxicity, myofibroblast differentiation/activation, profibrotic gene expression and protein-phosphatase activity was assessed. Simvastatin (1 μM) reduced effect of TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) on hVF proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation (reduced α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA-expression]) and activation (decreased procollagen-peptide release). Simvastatin also reduced TGF-β1-stimulated time-dependent increases in SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, mediated through catalytic activation of protein-phosphatases PPM1A and PP2A, which physically interact with SMAD2/3, thereby promoting their dephosphorylation. Effect of simvastatin on TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation was annulled by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein-phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study using an in vitro experimental cell culture model identifies the protective role of simvastatin against TGF-β1-induced hVF transformation into activated myofibroblasts through activation of protein phosphatase, a novel target that can be therapeutically modulated to curb excessive cardiac fibrosis associated with maladaptive cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Rizvi
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Ramail Siddiqui
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alessandra DeFranco
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Peter Homar
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Larisa Emelyanova
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ekhson Holmuhamedov
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gracious Ross
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging (CIRCA), Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2801 W. Kinnickinnic River Parkway, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Hentia C, Rizzato A, Camporesi E, Yang Z, Muntean DM, Săndesc D, Bosco G. An overview of protective strategies against ischemia/reperfusion injury: The role of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00959. [PMID: 29761012 PMCID: PMC5943756 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, has been recognized as the most frequent causes of devastating disorders and death currently. Protective effect of various preconditioning stimuli, including hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), has been proposed in the management of I/R. METHODS In this study, we searched and reviewed up-to-date published papers to explore the pathophysiology of I/R injury and to understand the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of HBO as conditioning strategy. RESULTS Animal study and clinic observation support the notion that HBO therapy and conditioning provide beneficial effect against the deleterious effects of postischemic reperfusion. Several explanations have been proposed. The first likely mechanism may be that HBO counteracts hypoxia and reduces I/R injury by improving oxygen delivery to an area with diminished blood flow. Secondly, by reducing hypoxia-ischemia, HBO reduces all the pathological events as a consequence of hypoxia, including tissue edema, increased affective area permeability, postischemia derangement of tissue metabolism, and inflammation. Thirdly, HBO may directly affect cell apoptosis, signal transduction, and gene expression in those that are sensitive to oxygen or hypoxia. HBO provides a reservoir of oxygen at cellular level not only carried by blood, but also by diffusion from the interstitial tissue where it reaches high concentration that may last for several hours, improves endothelial function and rheology, and decreases local inflammation and edema. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests the benefits of HBO when used as a preconditioning stimulus in the setting of I/R injury. Translating the beneficial effects of HBO into current practice requires, as for the "conditioning strategies", a thorough consideration of risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications that could interfere with HBO-related protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Hentia
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy.,Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Alex Rizzato
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | - Zhongjin Yang
- The Institute for Human Performance SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY USA
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Dorel Săndesc
- Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
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Svystonyuk DA, Mewhort HEM, Fedak PWM. Using Acellular Bioactive Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds to Enhance Endogenous Cardiac Repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:35. [PMID: 29696148 PMCID: PMC5904207 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An inability to recover lost cardiac muscle following acute ischemic injury remains the biggest shortcoming of current therapies to prevent heart failure. As compared to standard medical and surgical treatments, tissue engineering strategies offer the promise of improved heart function by inducing regeneration of functional heart muscle. Tissue engineering approaches that use stem cells and genetic manipulation have shown promise in preclinical studies but have also been challenged by numerous critical barriers preventing effective clinical translational. We believe that surgical intervention using acellular bioactive ECM scaffolds may yield similar therapeutic benefits with minimal translational hurdles. In this review, we outline the limitations of cellular-based tissue engineering strategies and the advantages of using acellular biomaterials with bioinductive properties. We highlight key anatomic targets enriched with cellular niches that can be uniquely activated using bioactive scaffold therapy. Finally, we review the evolving cardiovascular tissue engineering landscape and provide critical insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of acellular scaffold therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyil A Svystonyuk
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Holly E M Mewhort
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Mouton AJ, Rivera OJ, Lindsey ML. Myocardial infarction remodeling that progresses to heart failure: a signaling misunderstanding. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H71-H79. [PMID: 29600895 PMCID: PMC6087773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00131.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After myocardial infarction, remodeling of the left ventricle involves a wound-healing orchestra involving a variety of cell types. In order for wound healing to be optimal, appropriate communication must occur; these cells all need to come in at the right time, be activated at the right time in the right amount, and know when to exit at the right time. When this occurs, a new homeostasis is obtained within the infarct, such that infarct scar size and quality are sufficient to maintain left ventricular size and shape. The ideal scenario does not always occur in reality. Often, miscommunication can occur between infarct and remote spaces, across the temporal wound-healing spectrum, and across organs. When miscommunication occurs, adverse remodeling can progress to heart failure. This review discusses current knowledge gaps and recent development of the roles of inflammation and the extracellular matrix in myocardial infarction remodeling. In particular, the macrophage is one cell type that provides direct and indirect regulation of both the inflammatory and scar-forming responses. We summarize current research efforts focused on identifying biomarker indicators that reflect the status of each component of the wound-healing process to better predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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Russell‐Hallinan A, Watson CJ, Baugh JA. Epigenetics of Aberrant Cardiac Wound Healing. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:451-491. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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118
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Relationships between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and adipo-fibrokine indicator profiles post-myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:40. [PMID: 29548286 PMCID: PMC5855976 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of the impact of visceral obesity and epicardial adipose tissue thickness on stimulating growth factor levels during hospitalization for myocardial infarction is of potential importance for predicting outcomes and assessing the development of cardiofibrotic changes associated with maladaptive myocardial remodeling. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between epicardial adipose tissue thickness, adipokine profiles, and the stimulating growth factor 2/interleukin-33 signaling system during hospitalization for myocardial infarction, and with the cardiac fibrosis extent 1-year post-MI in patients with visceral obesity. METHODS Eighty-eight patients with myocardial infarction were grouped based on their visceral obesity. Serum leptin, adiponectin, stimulating growth factor 2, and interleukin-33 levels were measured on days 1 and 12 and at 1 year. The epicardial adipose tissue widths and the cardiac fibrosis areas were measured on day 12 and at 1 year. RESULTS Visceral obesity was associated with epicardial adipose tissue thickness increases, adipokine imbalances, elevated leptin levels, and lower adiponectin levels during early hospitalization, and cardiac fibrosis development. Patients without visceral obesity had higher interleukin-33 and stimulating growth factor 2 levels during early hospitalization and lower cardiac fibrosis rates. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness was positively associated with cardiac fibrosis prevalence and interleukin-33 levels and negatively associated with stimulating growth factor 2 levels. The cardiac fibrosis extent was negatively associated with interleukin-33 levels and positively associated with stimulating growth factor 2 levels. CONCLUSIONS Increases in epicardial adipose tissue thickness are associated with cardiac fibrosis development 1-year post-myocardial infarction and are higher in patients with visceral obesity. The metabolic activity of the epicardial adipose tissue is associated with elevated interleukin-33 and reduced stimulating growth factor 2 levels.
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Comparative regenerative mechanisms across different mammalian tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:6. [PMID: 29507774 PMCID: PMC5824955 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating regeneration of complex tissues and organs after injury to effect complete structural and functional repair, is an attractive therapeutic option that would revolutionize clinical medicine. Compared to many metazoan phyla that show extraordinary regenerative capacity, which in some instances persists throughout life, regeneration in mammalians, particularly humans, is limited or absent. Here we consider recent insights in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of regeneration that have come from studies of tissue homeostasis and injury repair in mammalian tissues that span the spectrum from little or no self-renewal, to those showing active cell turnover throughout life. These studies highlight the diversity of factors that constrain regeneration, including immune responses, extracellular matrix composition, age, injury type, physiological adaptation, and angiogenic and neurogenic capacity. Despite these constraints, much progress has been made in elucidating key molecular mechanisms that may provide therapeutic targets for the development of future regenerative therapies, as well as previously unidentified developmental paradigms and windows-of-opportunity for improved regenerative repair.
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120
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Zhang R, Han D, Li Z, Shen C, Zhang Y, Li J, Yan G, Li S, Hu B, Li J, Liu P. Ginkgolide C Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Inflammatory Injury via Inhibition of CD40-NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29515442 PMCID: PMC5826377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that inflammation plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Suppression of excessive inflammation can ameliorate impaired cardiac function, which shows therapeutic potential for clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) diseases. In this study, we investigated whether Ginkgolide C (GC), a potent anti-inflammatory flavone, extenuated MI/R injury through inhibition of inflammation. In vivo, rats with the occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery were applied to mimic MI/R injury. In vitro, primary cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were applied to further discuss the anti-H/R injury property of GC. The results revealed that GC significantly improved the symptoms of MI/R injury, as evidenced by reducing infarct size, preventing myofibrillar degeneration and reversing the mitochondria dysfunction. Moreover, histological analysis and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity measurement showed that GC remarkably suppressed Polymorphonuclears (PMNs) infiltration and ameliorated the histopathological damage. Furthermore, GC pretreatment was shown to improve H/R-induced ventricular myocytes viability and enhance tolerance of inflammatory insult, as evidenced by suppressing expression of CD40, translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, phosphorylation of IκB-α, as well as the activity of IKK-β. In addition, downstream inflammatory cytokines modulated by NF-κB signaling were effectively down-regulated both in vivo and in vitro, as determined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. In conclusion, these results indicate that GC possesses a beneficial effect against MI/R injury via inflammation inhibition that may involve suppression of CD40-NF-κB signal pathway and downstream inflammatory cytokines expression, which may offer an alternative medication for MI/R diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengwu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Genquan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Gray GA, Toor IS, Castellan RFP, Crisan M, Meloni M. Resident cells of the myocardium: more than spectators in cardiac injury, repair and regeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 1:46-51. [PMID: 29876531 PMCID: PMC5981027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple resident cell types contribute to maintaining the structure and physiological function of the heart over the life course. Cardiomyocyte proliferation supports scar free regeneration in the neonatal heart following injury, but a lower rate of proliferation in the adult necessitates replacement by a collagen scar to maintain ventricular integrity. In this short review we discuss recent studies that have identified novel roles for non-myocyte resident cells and the extracellular matrix in supporting repair, as well as cardiomyocyte and vascular regeneration, following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- GA Gray
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - IS Toor
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - RFP Castellan
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M Crisan
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M Meloni
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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122
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Meschiari CA, Jung M, Iyer RP, Yabluchanskiy A, Toba H, Garrett MR, Lindsey ML. Macrophage overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in aged mice improves diastolic physiology and cardiac wound healing after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H224-H235. [PMID: 29030341 PMCID: PMC5867652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00453.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 increases in the myocardium with advanced age and after myocardial infarction (MI). Because young transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing human MMP-9 only in macrophages show better outcomes post-MI, whereas aged TG mice show a worse aging phenotype, we wanted to evaluate the effect of aging superimposed on MI to see if the detrimental effect of aging counteracted the benefits of macrophage MMP-9 overexpression. We used 17- to 28-mo-old male and female C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and TG mice ( n = 10-21 mice/group) to evaluate the effects of aging superimposed on MI. Despite similar infarct areas and mortality rates at day 7 post-MI, aging TG mice showed improved diastolic properties and remodeling index compared with WT mice (both P < 0.05). Macrophage numbers were higher in TG than WT mice at days 0 and 7 post-MI, and the post-MI increase was due to elevated cluster of differentiation 18 protein levels (all P < 0.05). RNA sequencing analysis of cardiac macrophages isolated from day 7 post-MI infarcts identified 1,276 statistically different (all P < 0.05) genes (994 increased and 282 decreased in TG mice). Reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, platelet-derived growth factor subunit A, and transforming growth factor-β3, along with elevated expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP-4, in macrophages revealed mechanisms of indirect downstream effects on fibroblasts and neovascularization. While collagen accumulation was enhanced in TG mice compared with WT mice at days 0 and 7 post-MI ( P < 0.05 for both), the post-MI collagen cross-linking ratio was higher in WT mice ( P < 0.05), consistent with increased diastolic volumes. Vessel numbers [by Griffonia ( Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin I staining] were decreased in TG mice compared with WT mice at days 0 and 7 post-MI ( P < 0.05 for both). In conclusion, macrophage-derived MMP-9 improved post-MI cardiac wound healing through direct and indirect mechanisms to improve diastolic physiology and remodeling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging mice with macrophage overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 have increased macrophage numbers 7 days after myocardial infarction, resulting in improved diastolic physiology and left ventricular remodeling through effects on cardiac wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Meschiari
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mira Jung
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hiroe Toba
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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123
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Sutcliffe MD, Tan PM, Fernandez-Perez A, Nam YJ, Munshi NV, Saucerman JJ. High content analysis identifies unique morphological features of reprogrammed cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1258. [PMID: 29352247 PMCID: PMC5775342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes is a promising approach for cardiac regeneration but still faces challenges in efficiently generating mature cardiomyocytes. Systematic optimization of reprogramming protocols requires scalable, objective methods to assess cellular phenotype beyond what is captured by transcriptional signatures alone. To address this question, we automatically segmented reprogrammed cardiomyocytes from immunofluorescence images and analyzed cell morphology. We also introduce a method to quantify sarcomere structure using Haralick texture features, called SarcOmere Texture Analysis (SOTA). We show that induced cardiac-like myocytes (iCLMs) are highly variable in expression of cardiomyocyte markers, producing subtypes that are not typically seen in vivo. Compared to neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes, iCLMs have more variable cell size and shape, have less organized sarcomere structure, and demonstrate reduced sarcomere length. Taken together, these results indicate that traditional methods of assessing cardiomyocyte reprogramming by quantifying induction of cardiomyocyte marker proteins may not be sufficient to predict functionality. The automated image analysis methods described in this study may enable more systematic approaches for improving reprogramming techniques above and beyond existing algorithms that rely heavily on transcriptome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Philip M Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Antonio Fernandez-Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Young-Jae Nam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nikhil V Munshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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124
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Lindsey ML, Bolli R, Canty JM, Du XJ, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gourdie RG, Holmes JW, Jones SP, Kloner RA, Lefer DJ, Liao R, Murphy E, Ping P, Przyklenk K, Recchia FA, Schwartz Longacre L, Ripplinger CM, Van Eyk JE, Heusch G. Guidelines for experimental models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H812-H838. [PMID: 29351451 PMCID: PMC5966768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevalent major cardiovascular event that arises from myocardial ischemia with or without reperfusion, and basic and translational research is needed to better understand its underlying mechanisms and consequences for cardiac structure and function. Ischemia underlies a broad range of clinical scenarios ranging from angina to hibernation to permanent occlusion, and while reperfusion is mandatory for salvage from ischemic injury, reperfusion also inflicts injury on its own. In this consensus statement, we present recommendations for animal models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. With increasing awareness of the need for rigor and reproducibility in designing and performing scientific research to ensure validation of results, the goal of this review is to provide best practice information regarding myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and infarction models. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-experimental-models-of-myocardial-ischemia-and-infarction/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - John M Canty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology and Biophysics, The Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care System and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute , Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Robert A Kloner
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes , Pasadena, California.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peipei Ping
- National Institutes of Health BD2KBig Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence and Department of Physiology, Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Departments of Physiology and Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Fondazione G. Monasterio, Pisa , Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Schwartz Longacre
- Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
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125
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Ma Y, Mouton AJ, Lindsey ML. Cardiac macrophage biology in the steady-state heart, the aging heart, and following myocardial infarction. Transl Res 2018; 191:15-28. [PMID: 29106912 PMCID: PMC5846093 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in homeostatic maintenance of the myocardium under normal conditions and in tissue repair after injury. In the steady-state heart, resident cardiac macrophages remove senescent and dying cells and facilitate electrical conduction. In the aging heart, the shift in macrophage phenotype to a proinflammatory subtype leads to inflammaging. Following myocardial infarction (MI), macrophages recruited to the infarct produce both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors), phagocytize dead cells, and promote angiogenesis and scar formation. These diverse properties are attributed to distinct macrophage subtypes and polarization status. Infarct macrophages exhibit a proinflammatory M1 phenotype early and become polarized toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype later post-MI. Although this classification system is oversimplified and needs to be refined to accommodate the multiple different macrophage subtypes that have been recently identified, general concepts on macrophage roles are independent of subtype classification. This review summarizes current knowledge about cardiac macrophage origins, roles, and phenotypes in the steady state, with aging, and after MI, as well as highlights outstanding areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Miss.
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126
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Nielsen SH, Mouton AJ, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Genovese F, Karsdal M, Lindsey ML. Understanding cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling to develop biomarkers of myocardial infarction outcomes. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:43-57. [PMID: 29247693 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in industrialized countries, and myocardial infarction (MI) is a major CVD with significant morbidity and mortality. Following MI, the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a wound healing response to ischemia that results in extracellular matrix (ECM) scar formation to replace necrotic myocytes. While ECM accumulation following MI is termed cardiac fibrosis, this is a generic term that does not differentiate between ECM accumulation that occurs in the infarct region to form a scar that is structurally necessary to preserve left ventricle (LV) wall integrity and ECM accumulation that increases LV wall stiffness to exacerbate dilation and stimulate the progression to heart failure. This review focuses on post-MI LV ECM remodeling, targeting the discussion on ECM biomarkers that could be useful for predicting MI outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Holm Nielsen
- Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark; Disease Systems Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Morten Karsdal
- Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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127
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Nanotechnology-Based Cardiac Targeting and Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: The Betrothed. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4940397. [PMID: 29375623 PMCID: PMC5742458 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4940397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the first cause of morbidity in Western countries, and chronic heart failure features a significant health care burden in developed countries. Efforts in the attempt of finding new possible strategies for the treatment of CHF yielded several approaches based on the use of stem cells. The discovery of direct cardiac reprogramming has unveiled a new approach to heart regeneration, allowing, at least in principle, the conversion of one differentiated cell type into another without proceeding through a pluripotent intermediate. First developed for cancer treatment, nanotechnology-based approaches have opened new perspectives in many fields of medical research, including cardiovascular research. Nanotechnology could allow the delivery of molecules with specific biological activity at a sustained and controlled rate in heart tissue, in a cell-specific manner. Potentially, all the mediators and structural molecules involved in the fibrotic process could be selectively targeted by nanocarriers, but to date, only few experiences have been made in cardiac research. This review highlights the most prominent concepts that characterize both the field of cardiac reprogramming and a nanomedicine-based approach to cardiovascular diseases, hypothesizing a possible synergy between these two very promising fields of research in the treatment of heart failure.
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128
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Landry NM, Cohen S, Dixon IMC. Periostin in cardiovascular disease and development: a tale of two distinct roles. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 113:1. [PMID: 29101484 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development and homeostasis are dependent upon the concerted synthesis, maintenance, and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Cardiac fibrosis is now recognized as a primary contributor to incidence of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, wherein cardiac filling in diastole is compromised. Periostin is a cell-associated protein involved in cell fate determination, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and inflammatory responses. As a non-structural component of the ECM, secreted 90 kDa periostin is emerging as an important matricellular factor in cardiac mesenchymal tissue development. In addition, periostin's role as a mediator in cell-matrix crosstalk has also garnered attention for its association with fibroproliferative diseases in the myocardium, and for its association with TGF-β/BMP signaling. This review summarizes the phylogenetic history of periostin, its role in cardiac development, and the major signaling pathways influencing its expression in cardiovascular pathology. Further, we provide a synthesis of the current literature to distinguish the multiple roles of periostin in cardiac health, development and disease. As periostin may be targeted for therapeutic treatment of cardiac fibrosis, these insights may shed light on the putative timing for application of periostin-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Landry
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Beersheba, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ian M C Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. .,Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, R3010-351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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129
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Di Maggio S, Milano G, De Marchis F, D'Ambrosio A, Bertolotti M, Palacios BS, Badi I, Sommariva E, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Raucci A. Non-oxidizable HMGB1 induces cardiac fibroblasts migration via CXCR4 in a CXCL12-independent manner and worsens tissue remodeling after myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2693-2704. [PMID: 28716707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major health burden worldwide. Extracellular High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) regulates tissue healing after injuries. The reduced form of HMGB1 (fr-HMGB1) exerts chemotactic activity by binding CXCL12 through CXCR4, while the disulfide form, (ds-HMGB1), induces cytokines expression by TLR4. Here, we assessed the role of HMGB1 redox forms and the non-oxidizable mutant (3S) on human cardiac fibroblast (hcFbs) functions and cardiac remodeling after infarction. Among HMGB1 receptors, hcFbs express CXCR4. Fr-HMGB1 and 3S, but not ds-HMGB1, promote hcFbs migration through Src activation, while none of HMGB1 redox forms induces proliferation or inflammatory mediators. 3S is more effective than fr-HMGB1 in stimulating hcFbs migration and Src phosphorylation being active at lower concentrations and in oxidizing conditions. Notably, chemotaxis toward both proteins is CXCR4-dependent but, in contrast to fr-HMGB1, 3S does not require CXCL12 since hcFbs migration persists in the presence of the CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 or an anti-CXCL12 antibody. Interestingly, 3S interacts with CXCR4 and induces a different receptor conformation than CXCL12. Mice undergoing MI and receiving 3S exhibit adverse LV remodeling owing to an excessive collagen deposition promoted by a higher number of myofibroblasts. On the contrary, fr-HMGB1 ameliorates cardiac performance enhancing neoangiogenesis and reducing the infarcted area and fibrosis. Altogether, our results demonstrate that non-oxidizable HMGB1 induce a sustained cardiac fibroblasts migration despite the redox state of the environment and by altering CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. This affects proper cardiac remodeling after an infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Maggio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertolotti
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Blanca Soler Palacios
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Cantoblanco Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ileana Badi
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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