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Shao D, Li J, Guan F, Pan Y, Xiao X, Zhang M, Zhang H, Chen L. Selective inhibition of liver cancer growth realized by the intrinsic toxicity of a quantum dot-lipid complex. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5753-69. [PMID: 25525357 PMCID: PMC4268910 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the intrinsic toxicity of nanomaterials for anticancer therapy is an emerging concept. In this work, we discovered that CdTe/CdS quantum dots, when coated with lipids (QD-LC) instead of popular liposomes, polymers, or dendrimers, demonstrated extraordinarily high specificity for cancer cells, which was due to the difference in the macropinocytosis uptake pathways of QD-LC between the cancer cells and the normal cells. QD-LC-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis was concomitant with the activation of the JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway. Moreover, QD-LC treatment resulted in a delay in the latent period for microtumor formation of mouse hepatocarcinoma H22 cells and inhibited tumor growth, with a reduction of 53.2% in tumor volume without toxicity in major organs after intratumoral administrations to tumor-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate that QD-LC could be a very promising theranostic agent against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China ; School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Yang L, Rong Z, Zeng M, Cao Y, Gong X, Lin L, Chen Y, Cao W, Zhu L, Dong W. Pyrroloquinoline quinone protects nucleus pulposus cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the mitochondria-mediated pathway. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 24:1702-10. [PMID: 25349108 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-014-3630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intervertebral disc cell apoptosis has been suggested to play a key role in promoting disc degeneration, and many studies have shown that the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases, possesses the potential to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit cell apoptosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of PQQ on cultured rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells under conditions of oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in vitro. METHODS Cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. Changes in the apoptosis rate, intracellular ROS levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by flow cytometry. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins (collagen-2 and aggrecan) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3) were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS The results show that NP cells pretreated with PQQ before H2O2 exposure exhibited increased cell viability, decreased ROS formation, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced apoptosis. In the presence of PQQ, ECM production was maintained by the cells despite being in an apoptotic environment. In addition, pretreatment with PQQ increased the expression of Bcl-2, inhibited the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and decreased the expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PQQ can protect rat NP cells against oxidative stress via a mitochondria-mediated pathway. PQQ might be useful as a potential pharmaceutical agent in the prevention of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhu Jiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253, Gongye Big Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
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Cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs) and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation trigger antioxidant enzyme metabolism and programmed cell death in wheat seedlings. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110400. [PMID: 25329900 PMCID: PMC4203795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming increasingly widespread in the environment. Free cadmium ions released from commonly used NPs under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation are potentially toxic to living organisms. With increasing levels of UV-B radiation at the Earth’s surface due to the depletion of the ozone layer, the potential additive effect of NPs and UV-B radiation on plants is of concern. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of CdTe quantum dots (CdTe-QDs), a common form of NP, and UV-B radiation on wheat seedlings. Graded doses of CdTe-QDs and UV-B radiation were tested, either alone or in combination, based on physical characteristics of 5-day-old seedlings. Treatments of wheat seedlings with either CdTe-QDs (200 mg/L) or UV-B radiation (10 KJ/m2/d) induced the activation of wheat antioxidant enzymes. CdTe-QDs accumulation in plant root cells resulted in programmed cell death as detected by DNA laddering. CdTe-QDs and UV-B radiation inhibited root and shoot growth, respectively. Additive inhibitory effects were observed in the combined treatment group. This research described the effects of UV-B and CdTe-QDs on plant growth. Furthermore, the finding that CdTe-QDs accumulate during the life cycle of plants highlights the need for sustained assessments of these interactions.
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Wang YW, Yang K, Tang H, Chen D, Bai YL. Toxicity assessment of repeated intravenous injections of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide conjugated CdSeTe/ZnS quantum dots in mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4809-17. [PMID: 25378922 PMCID: PMC4207583 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s70092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology-based near-infrared quantum dots (NIR QDs) have many excellent optical properties, such as high fluorescence intensity, good fluorescence stability, and strong tissue-penetrating ability. Integrin αvβ3 is highly and specifically expressed in tumor angiogenic vessel endothelial cells of almost all carcinomas. Recent studies have shown that NIR QDs linked to peptides containing the arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequence (NIR QDs-RGD) can specifically target integrin αvβ3 expressed in endothelial cells of tumor angiogenic vessels in vivo, and they offer great potential for early cancer diagnosis, in vivo tumor imaging, and tumor individualized therapy. However, the toxicity profile of NIR QDs-RGD has not been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of NIR QDs-RGD when intravenously administered to mice singly and repeatedly at the dose required for successful tumor imaging in vivo. Materials and methods A NIR QDs-RGD probe was prepared by linking NIR QDs with the maximum emission wavelength of 800 nm (QD800) to the RGD peptide (QD800-RGD). QD800-RGD was intravenously injected to BALB/C mice once or twice (200 pmol equivalent of QD800 for each injection). Phosphate-buffered saline solution was used as control. Fourteen days postinjection, toxicity tests were performed, including complete blood count (white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) and serum biochemical analysis (total protein, albumin, albumin/globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and blood urea nitrogen). The coefficients of liver, spleen, kidney, and lung weight to body weight were measured, as well as their oxidation and antioxidation indicators, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde. The organs were also examined histopathologically. Results After one or two intravenous injections of QD800-RGD, as compared with control, no significant differences were observed in the complete blood count; biochemical indicators of blood serum, organ coefficient, and oxidation and antioxidation indicators; and no cell necrosis or inflammation were seen in the liver, spleen, kidney, or lung through histopathological examination. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that the single and repeated intravenous injection of QD800-RGD at a dose needed for successful tumor imaging in vivo is not toxic to mice. Our work lays a solid foundation for further biomedical applications of NIR QDs-RGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Long Bai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zhan Q, Tang M. Research advances on apoptosis caused by quantum dots. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:3-12. [PMID: 25062887 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, quantum dots (QDs) have been widely applied in biological and biomedical fields such as cell labeling, living tissue imaging, and photodynamic therapy because of their superior optical properties. Meanwhile, the potential biological negative effects and/or toxic effects of QDs have become increasingly important, especially the cytotoxicity caused by QDs. One of the common cytotoxicity when living organisms are treated with QD is apoptosis, where many attempts have been made to explain the mechanisms of apoptosis caused by QDs' use. One of the mechanisms is the production of cadmium ion (Cd(2+)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess generation of ROS will result in oxidative stress that would mediate apoptosis. Furthermore, the activation of cell death receptors and mitochondria-dependent such as B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family and the caspase family could onset apoptosis. Signal transduction such as some classical signal pathways of PI3K-AKT, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) also plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. Several ways to reduce the apoptotic rate have been introduced, such as surface modification, controlling, the dose, size, and exposure time of QDs as well as using antioxidants or inhibitors. In this review, we attempted to review the most recent findings associated with apoptosis caused by QDs so as to provide some guidelines for a safer QD application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), as advanced nanotechnology products, are widely used in the bio-medical field for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes due to their unique properties. Therefore, it becomes important for researchers to elucidate the adverse effects of QDs on human beings. This essay provides an overview of the toxic effects of QDs on respiratory system, which are summarized into two main parts: in vitro toxicity, including reduction of cell viability, genetic material damage and disordered immune cell reactions; as well as in vivo toxicity, involving accumulation of QDs, lung injury and inflammation, and potential long-term adverse effects. As the toxic severity of a QD type depends on its composition, dose, size, surface chemistry and structure, it is a big challenge to determine a benchmark of QDs. Thus, we have to remember that each QD type is a unique nanocrystal, which needs to be assessed individually. However, there are still some feasible recommendations for minimizing the toxicity provided in this review. Overall, more and more large-scale well-organized toxicity studies of different QD types on different species need to be conducted in order to provide guidelines of QDs' safety application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University , Nanjing , P.R. China and
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Silva ACA, Silva MJB, da Luz FAC, Silva DP, de Deus SLV, Dantas NO. Controlling the cytotoxicity of CdSe magic-sized quantum dots as a function of surface defect density. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5452-7. [PMID: 25162369 DOI: 10.1021/nl5028028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots are potentially very useful as fluorescent probes in biological systems. However, they are inherently cytotoxic because of their constituents. We controlled the cytotoxicity of CdSe magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs) as a function of surface defect density by altering selenium (Se) concentration during synthesis. Higher Se concentrations reduced the cytotoxicity of the CdSe MSQDs and diminished mRNA expression of methallothionein because of the low cadmium ions (Cd(2+)) concentration adsorbed on the surface of the MSQDs. These results agree with luminescence spectra, which show that higher Se concentrations decrease the density of surface defects. Therefore, our results describe for the first time a simple way of controlling the cytotoxicity of CdSe MSQDs and making them safer to use as fluorescence probes in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais Isolantes e Semicondutores (LNMIS), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia , Uberlândia, Brazil
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108
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Das B, Dadhich P, Pal P, Srivas PK, Bankoti K, Dhara S. Carbon nanodots from date molasses: new nanolights for the in vitro scavenging of reactive oxygen species. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6839-6847. [PMID: 32261880 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most of the nanoimaging tools like quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles are shown to have different levels of cytotoxicity via various mechanisms. However carbon nanodots (CNDs) are a new group of ultra small nano structures (average 4-6 nm) which is potential candidate of next generation optical imaging. Being carbonaceous in origin, CNDs possess excellent luminescence and photostability with significantly less cytotoxicity. In present study, we have synthesized carbon nano-dots from date molasses by microwave irradiation at ∼pH 11. The synthesized carbon nanodots were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, TEM, XRD analysis, FTIR study and Zeta potential measurement. The average sizes of the dots were found to be 5-7 nm. A clear band emission was visible around 480 nm when an excitation beam of 415 nm was incident. For biological applicability, MTT assay and hemocompatibility studies were performed. The results exhibited the material to be highly cytocompatible within the application limit. Upon immediate exposure to CNDs, no significant changes to cellular surface morphology were observed via AFM imaging. Significant hemolysis or blood cell aggregation was not observed after incubation of CNDs with blood. After labelling with CNDs, MG-63 cells were found to be unbleached up to several hours even on exposure to light. We are reporting first time in this study the free radical scavenging property of CNDs in ex vivo and in vitro models. Antioxidant activity was measured ex vivo via potassium permanganate assay and DPPH assay. In vitro superoxide inhibition activity was measured both by spectroscopy and under microscope by NBT reduction assay. Hydroxyl free radical inhibition activity was measured via DCFH-DA Assay. The results were comparable with scavenging activity of standard antioxidant molecules (BHT and l-ascorbic acid). A novel assay for quantitative analysis of cellular oxidative stress was also proposed. Therefore, this material could be useful for long-term live cell imaging and cell tracking in a scaffold with minimal cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhisatwa Das
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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109
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Heine M, Bartelt A, Bruns OT, Bargheer D, Giemsa A, Freund B, Scheja L, Waurisch C, Eychmüller A, Reimer R, Weller H, Nielsen P, Heeren J. The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1432-1440. [PMID: 25247125 PMCID: PMC4168844 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (SPIO) have exceptional physical properties that are well suited for biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo. For future applications, the direct injection of nanocrystals for imaging and therapy represents an important entry route into the human body. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate biological responses of the body to nanocrystals to avoid harmful side effects. In recent years, we established a system to embed nanocrystals with a hydrophobic oleic acid shell either by lipid micelles or by the amphiphilic polymer poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAOD). The goal of the current study is to investigate the uptake processes as well as pro-inflammatory responses in the liver after the injection of these encapsulated nanocrystals. By immunofluorescence and electron microscopy studies using wild type mice, we show that 30 min after injection polymer-coated nanocrystals are primarily taken up by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In contrast, by using wild type, Ldlr (-/-) as well as Apoe (-/-) mice we show that nanocrystals embedded within lipid micelles are internalized by Kupffer cells and, in a process that is dependent on the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E, by hepatocytes. Gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (Cxcl10) indicated that 48 h after injection internalized nanocrystals did not provoke pro-inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, internalized nanocrystals at least in mouse liver cells, namely endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and hepatocytes are at least not acutely associated with potential adverse side effects, underlining their potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Genetics and Complex Disease, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - Oliver T Bruns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Denise Bargheer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artur Giemsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Freund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Waurisch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Micro Technology, Heinrich-Pette Institute, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Stan MS, Memet I, Sima C, Popescu T, Teodorescu VS, Hermenean A, Dinischiotu A. Si/SiO2 quantum dots cause cytotoxicity in lung cells through redox homeostasis imbalance. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 220:102-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Soenen SJ, Manshian BB, Himmelreich U, Demeester J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC. The performance of gradient alloy quantum dots in cell labeling. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7249-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wang BF, Lin S, Bai MH, Song LQ, Min WL, Wang M, Yang P, Ma HB, Wang XJ. Effects of SSd combined with radiation on inhibiting SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell growth. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1340-4. [PMID: 25080219 PMCID: PMC4136936 DOI: 10.12659/msm.891355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Saikosaponin-d (SSd) combined with radiotherapy on SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines and its mechanism. Material/Methods SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines are selected in our research. With MTT (methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide) method, the effects of SSd and radiation on inhibiting SMMC-7721 cell growth were investigated. We also used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe ultrastructural changes of cells. Colorimetry methods were used to measure content changes of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells. Results Both SSd and radiation inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells. The combination of SSd and radiotherapy had a time-dependent synergistic effect. Radiation caused ultrastructural damage to cells, and the damage was enhanced in combination with SSd. Radiation decreased the GSH content and increased the MDA content in cells, and this effect was suppressed after the intervention of SSd. Conclusions SSd can inhibit the growth of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines in vitro. Additionally, it significantly enhances the effects of radiation on inhibiting the growth of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cell lines, and up-regulates the antioxidant level after the radiotherapy. Thus, SSd could be an ideal radiotherapy sensitizer for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Hua Bai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Ling-Qin Song
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Li Min
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Pengtao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Bing Ma
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
| | - Xi-Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China (mainland)
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Nogueira DR, Rolim CMB, Farooqi AA. Nanoparticle Induced Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cells: Adding New Pieces to an Incomplete Jigsaw Puzzle. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:4739-43. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Liang Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Yi W, Yan X, Yan J, Li Y, Feng Y, Yu S, Yang J, Jin Z, Duan W, Chen W. Inhibition of SIRT1 signaling sensitizes the antitumor activity of silybin against human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1860-72. [PMID: 24798868 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although silybin, a natural flavonolignan, has been shown to exhibit potent antitumor activities against various types of cancers, including lung cancer, the molecular mechanisms behind these activities remain unclear. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a conserved NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase that has been implicated in the modulation of transcriptional silencing and cell survival. Furthermore, it plays a key role in carcinogenesis through the deacetylation of important regulatory proteins, including p53. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of silybin towards human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo and explored the role of the SIRT1 signaling pathway in this process. Silybin treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell viability. In addition, silybin exhibited strong antitumor activity illustrated by reductions in tumor cell adhesion, migratory capability, and glutathione levels and by increased apoptotic indices and reactive oxygen species levels. Silybin treatment also downregulated SIRT1 and upregulated p53 acetylation. SIRT1 siRNA (in vitro) or cambinol (a known SIRT1 inhibitor used for in vivo studies) further enhanced the antitumor activity of silybin. In summary, silybin is a potent inhibitor of lung adenocarcinoma cell growth that interferes with SIRT1 signaling, and this inhibition is a novel mechanism of silybin action that may be used for therapeutic intervention in lung adenocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Yang Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | | | - Juanjuan Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an; and
| | - Yue Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | | | - Shiqiang Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Jian Yang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital
| | - Weixun Duan
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital;
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital;
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Kim JY, Yi BR, Go RE, Hwang KA, Nam KH, Choi KC. Methoxychlor and triclosan stimulates ovarian cancer growth by regulating cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes via an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1264-74. [PMID: 24835555 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Methoxychlor and triclosan are emergent or suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Methoxychlor [MXC; 1,1,1-trichlor-2,2-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) ethane] is an organochlorine pesticide that has been primarily used since dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was banned. In addition, triclosan (TCS) is used as a common component of soaps, deodorants, toothpastes, and other hygiene products at concentrations up to 0.3%. In the present study, the potential impact of MXC and TCS on ovarian cancer cell growth and underlying mechanism(s) was examined following their treatments in BG-1 ovarian cancer cells. As results, MXC and TCS induced BG-1 cell growth via regulating cyclin D1, p21 and Bax genes related with cell cycle and apoptosis. A methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed that the proliferation of BG-1 ovarian cancer cells was stimulated by MXC (10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8), and 10(-9)M) or TCS (10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8), and 10(-9)M). Treatment of BG-1 cells with MXC or TCS resulted in the upregulation of cyclin D1 and downregulation of p21 and Bax transcriptions. In addition, the protein level of cyclin D1 was increased by MXC or TCS while p21 and Bax protein levels appeared to be reduced in these cells. Furthermore, MXC- or TCS-induced alterations of these genes were reversed in the presence of ICI 182,780 (10(-7)M), suggesting that the changes in these gene expressions may be regulated by an ER-dependent signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of our investigation indicate that two potential EDCs, MXC and TCS, may stimulate ovarian cancer growth by regulating cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes via an ER-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Chen H, Zhang M, Yang H, Xu W, Ma Y, Gu Y. Dual fluorescence nano-conjugates based on gold nanoclusters for tumor-targeting imaging. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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117
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Wu J, Li H, Chen Q, Lin X, Liu W, Lin JM. Statistical single-cell analysis of cell cycle-dependent quantum dot cytotoxicity and cellular uptake using a microfluidic system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of single cells in different cell cycle phases to QD cytotoxicity studied on a microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
- School of Science
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuexia Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084, China
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118
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Zhang Y, Nguyen KC, Lefebvre DE, Shwed PS, Crosthwait J, Bondy GS, Tayabali AF. Critical experimental parameters related to the cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 16:2440. [PMID: 24944520 PMCID: PMC4053596 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has raised concerns about their potential hazards to human and environmental health. In this study, the characterization and cytotoxicity of two ZnO-NPs products (Z-COTE and Z-COTE HP1) were investigated. The zinc content of Z-COTE and Z-COTE HP1 was 82.5 ± 7.3 and 80.1 ± 3.5 %, respectively. Both ZnO-NP samples contained sub-cytotoxic levels of iron and copper, and silicon was detected from the surface coating of Z-COTE HP1. All samples were highly agglomerated, and the primary particles appeared as variable polyhedral structures. There was no significant difference in size distribution or average diameter of Z-COTE (53 ± 23 nm) and Z-COTE HP1 (54 ± 26 nm). A dose-dependent cytotoxicity was observed 24 h after exposure to ZnO-NPs, and monocytes were more sensitive than lung epithelial cells or lymphoblasts in both human and mouse cells. There was a significant difference in cytotoxicity between nano- and fine-forms, but only at the threshold cytotoxic dose with cellular metabolism assays. Compared to uncoated ZnO-NPs, the surface coating with triethoxycaprylylsilane marginally attenuated cellular oxidative stress and protected cellular metabolic activity. These results demonstrate the importance of model cell type, dose selection, and cytotoxicity assessment methodology to accurately evaluate the potential toxicity of various nanoparticles in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Kathy C. Nguyen
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - David E. Lefebvre
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Phillip S. Shwed
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosthwait
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Genevieve S. Bondy
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Azam F. Tayabali
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
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Klaper R, Arndt D, Bozich J, Dominguez G. Molecular interactions of nanomaterials and organisms: defining biomarkers for toxicity and high-throughput screening using traditional and next-generation sequencing approaches. Analyst 2014; 139:882-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The expression of molecular pathways in an organism provides a clue as to the potential impacts of exposure to nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Klaper
- School of Freshwater Sciences
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee, USA
| | - Devrah Arndt
- School of Freshwater Sciences
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee, USA
| | - Jared Bozich
- School of Freshwater Sciences
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee, USA
| | - Gustavo Dominguez
- School of Freshwater Sciences
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Milwaukee, USA
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Liang Z, Duan W, Yang J, Yan J, Wang N, Feng W, Ding M, Nie Y, Jin Z. Silybin-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling exerts antitumor activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83699. [PMID: 24386256 PMCID: PMC3873967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health burden that is associated with limited treatment options and poor patient prognoses. Silybin (SIL), an antioxidant derived from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum), has been reported to exert hepatoprotective and antitumorigenic effects both in vitro and in vivo. While SIL has been shown to have potent antitumor activity against various types of cancer, including HCC, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SIL remain largely unknown. The Notch signaling pathway plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and immune development. In the present study, we assessed the antitumor activity of SIL in human HCC HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo and explored the roles of the Notch pathway and of the apoptosis-related signaling pathway on the activity of SIL. SIL treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of HCC cell viability. Additionally, SIL exhibited strong antitumor activity, as evidenced not only by reductions in tumor cell adhesion, migration, intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) but also by increases in the apoptotic index, caspase3 activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, SIL treatment decreased the expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), RBP-Jκ, and Hes1 proteins, upregulated the apoptosis pathway-related protein Bax, and downregulated Bcl2, survivin, and cyclin D1. Notch1 siRNA (in vitro) or DAPT (a known Notch1 inhibitor, in vivo) further enhanced the antitumor activity of SIL, and recombinant Jagged1 protein (a known Notch ligand in vitro) attenuated the antitumor activity of SIL. Taken together, these data indicate that SIL is a potent inhibitor of HCC cell growth that targets the Notch signaling pathway and suggest that the inhibition of Notch signaling may be a novel therapeutic intervention for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Wenqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Meiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
- * E-mail: (YN); (ZJ)
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an City, China
- * E-mail: (YN); (ZJ)
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Kalmar-Nagy K, Degrell P, Szabo A, Sumegi K, Wittmann I, Gallyas F, Sumegi B. PARP inhibition attenuates acute kidney allograft rejection by suppressing cell death pathways and activating PI-3K-Akt cascade. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81928. [PMID: 24312605 PMCID: PMC3849354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel immunosuppressive therapy facilitates long term allograft survival, but acute tubular necrosis and ischemia-reperfusion during transplantation can compromise allograft function. These processes are related to oxidative stress which activates poly- (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) contributing to the activation of cell death pathways. Here we raised the possibility that PARP inhibition curbs cell death pathways and shifts kinase signaling to improved graft survival. METHODS FINDINGS In an acute rat kidney rejection model, we provided evidence that the PARP inhibitor 4-hydroxy-quinazoline (4OHQ) attenuates rejection processes initiated oxidative/nitrosative stress, nuclear poly-ADP-ribosylation and the disintegration of the tubulo-interstitial structures. The PARP inhibitor attenuated rejection processes induced pro-apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio and suppressing pro-apoptotic t-Bid levels. In transplanted kidneys, the cell death inducing JNK1/2 is normally activated, but PARP inhibition suppressed this activation with having only modest effects on ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases. In untreated transplanted kidneys, no significant alterations were detected in the cytoprotective PI-3K-Akt pathway, but the PARP inhibitor significantly activated Akt (by S473 phosphorylation) and suppressed GSK-3β, as well as activated acute NF-kappaB activation contributing to graft protection. CONCLUSION These data show the protective role of PARP inhibition on graft survival by attenuating poly-ADP-ribosylation, oxidative stress, suppressing pro-apoptotic and increasing anti-apoptotic protein level, and by shifting MAP kinases and PI-3-K-Akt pathways to cytoprotective direction. Thus, addition of PARP inhibitors to standard immunosuppressive therapies during kidney transplantation may provide increased protection to prolong graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Degrell
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Wittmann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Centre, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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122
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Aye M, Di Giorgio C, Mekaouche M, Steinberg JG, Brerro-Saby C, Barthélémy P, De Méo M, Jammes Y. Genotoxicity of intraperitoneal injection of lipoamphiphile CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 758:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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123
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Chen S, Xuan J, Wan L, Lin H, Couch L, Mei N, Dobrovolsky VN, Guo L. Sertraline, an antidepressant, induces apoptosis in hepatic cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:404-15. [PMID: 24194395 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertraline is generally used for the treatment of depression and is also approved for the treatment of panic, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders. Previously, using rat primary hepatocytes and isolated mitochondria, we demonstrated that sertraline caused hepatic cytotoxicity and mitochondrial impairment. In the current study, we investigated and characterized molecular mechanisms of sertraline toxicity in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Sertraline decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Sertraline activated the intrinsic checkpoint protein caspase-9 and caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol; this process was Bcl-2 family dependent because antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins were decreased. Pretreatment of the HepG2 cells with caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 inhibitors partially but significantly reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase, indicating that sertraline-induced apoptosis is mediated by both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Moreover, sertraline markedly increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the phosphorylation of JNK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p38. In sertraline-treated cells, the induction of apoptosis and cell death was shown to be the result of activation of JNK, but not ERK1/2 or p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, silencing MAP4K4, the upstream kinase of JNK, attenuated both apoptosis and cell death caused by sertraline. Taken together, our findings suggest that sertraline induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells at least partially via activation of the TNF-MAP4K4-JNK cascade signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- * Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079
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Hossain ST, Mukherjee SK. Toxicity of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and HeLa cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 260:1073-82. [PMID: 23892173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study endeavours to assess the toxic effect of synthesized CdS nanoparticles (NPs) on Escherichia coli and HeLa cells. The CdS NPs were characterized by DLS, XRD, TEM and AFM studies and the average size of NPs was revealed as ∼3 nm. On CdS NPs exposure bacterial cells changed morphological features to filamentous form and damage of the cell surface was found by AFM study. The expression of two conserved cell division components namely ftsZ and ftsQ in E. coli was decreased both at transcriptional and translational levels upon CdS NPs exposure. CdS NPs inhibited proper cell septum formation without affecting the nucleoid segregation. Viability of HeLa cells declined with increasing concentration of CdS NPs and the IC₅₀ value was found to be 4 μg/mL. NPs treated HeLa cells showed changed morphology with condensed and fragmented nuclei. Increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found both in E. coli and HeLa cells on CdS NPs exposure. The inverse correlation between declined cell viabilities and elevated ROS level suggested that oxidative stress seems to be the key event by which NPs induce toxicity both in E. coli and HeLa cells.
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125
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Peng L, He M, Chen B, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Pang D, Zhu Y, Hu B. Cellular uptake, elimination and toxicity of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in HepG2 cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9545-58. [PMID: 24011712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the cellular uptake, elimination and toxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDs in HepG2 cells were comprehensively studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), MTT assay, AO/EB staining, and glutathione level and gene expression analysis. ICP-MS analytical results showed that the uptake efficiency of CdSe QDs by HepG2 cells was lower than that of Cd(II) and Se(IV), and the uptake was dose- and time-dependent. The uptake amount was related to the physicochemical properties of QDs, and NH2-QDs with smaller size were more easily taken up by cells. In combination with various biochemical methodologies, a systematic and thorough quantitative analysis of the in vitro effects of CdSe/ZnS QDs with different coatings was conducted, along with that of Cd (II) and Se (IV). Although Cd(II) above 8.9 μM exhibited obvious toxicity to the cells, no obvious toxicity of four CdSe/ZnS QDs was observed within the tested concentration range (10-100 nM), most likely due to the protection of the ZnS shell and the PEG coating. From the molecular level's point of view, QDs at concentration of 100 nM exhibit obvious impact on the cells, such as increased gene expression (MT1A and CYP1A1), which was positively correlated with the intracellular concentration of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Cadmium and cellular signaling cascades: interactions between cell death and survival pathways. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1743-86. [PMID: 23982889 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress elicited by the toxic metal Cd(2+) does not coerce the cell into committing to die from the onset. Rather, detoxification and adaptive processes are triggered concurrently, allowing survival until normal function is restored. With high Cd(2+), death pathways predominate. However, if sublethal stress levels affect cells for prolonged periods, as in chronic low Cd(2+) exposure, adaptive and survival mechanisms may deregulate, such that tumorigenesis ensues. Hence, death and malignancy are the two ends of a continuum of cellular responses to Cd(2+), determined by magnitude and duration of Cd(2+) stress. Signaling cascades are the key factors affecting cellular reactions to Cd(2+). This review critically surveys recent literature to outline major features of death and survival signaling pathways as well as their activation, interactions and cross talk in cells exposed to Cd(2+). Under physiological conditions, receptor activation generates 2nd messengers, which are short-lived and act specifically on effectors through their spatial and temporal dynamics to transiently alter effector activity. Cd(2+) recruits physiological 2nd messenger systems, in particular Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which control key Ca(2+)- and redox-sensitive molecular switches dictating cell function and fate. Severe ROS/Ca(2+) signals activate cell death effectors (ceramides, ASK1-JNK/p38, calpains, caspases) and/or cause irreversible damage to vital organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas low localized ROS/Ca(2+) levels act as 2nd messengers promoting cellular adaptation and survival through signal transduction (ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt-PKB) and transcriptional regulators (Ref1-Nrf2, NF-κB, Wnt, AP-1, bestrophin-3). Other cellular proteins and processes targeted by ROS/Ca(2+) (metallothioneins, Bcl-2 proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system, ER stress-associated unfolded protein response, autophagy, cell cycle) can evoke death or survival. Hence, temporary or permanent disruptions of ROS/Ca(2+) induced by Cd(2+) play a crucial role in eliciting, modulating and linking downstream cell death and adaptive and survival signaling cascades.
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El-Khattouti A, Selimovic D, Haikel Y, Hassan M. Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in cancer. J Cell Death 2013; 6:37-55. [PMID: 25278778 PMCID: PMC4147769 DOI: 10.4137/jcd.s11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both apoptosis and autophagy are highly conserved processes that besides their role in the maintenance of the organismal and cellular homeostasis serve as a main target of tumor therapeutics. Although their important roles in the modulation of tumor therapeutic strategies have been widely reported, the molecular actions of both apoptosis and autophagy are counteracted by cancer protective mechanisms. While apoptosis is a tightly regulated process that is implicated in the removal of damaged or unwanted cells, autophagy is a cellular catabolic pathway that is involved in lysosomal degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles, and thereby is considered an important survival/protective mechanism for cancer cells in response to metabolic stress or chemotherapy. Although the relationship between autophagy and cell death is very complicated and has not been characterized in detail, the molecular mechanisms that control this relationship are considered to be a relevant target for the development of a therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy, and those of the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in order to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that may be essential for the balance between cell survival and death as well as their role as targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Selimovic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Chen S, Wan L, Couch L, Lin H, Li Y, Dobrovolsky VN, Mei N, Guo L. Mechanism study of goldenseal-associated DNA damage. Toxicol Lett 2013; 221:64-72. [PMID: 23747414 PMCID: PMC8686119 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Goldenseal has been used for the treatment of a wide variety of ailments including gastrointestinal disturbances, urinary tract disorders, and inflammation. The five major alkaloid constituents in goldenseal are berberine, palmatine, hydrastine, hydrastinine, and canadine. When goldenseal was evaluated by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in the standard 2-year bioassay, goldenseal induced an increase in liver tumors in rats and mice; however, the mechanism of goldenseal-associated liver carcinogenicity remains unknown. In this study, the toxicity of the five goldenseal alkaloid constituents was characterized, and their toxic potencies were compared. As measured by the Comet assay and the expression of γ-H2A.X, berberine, followed by palmatine, appeared to be the most potent DNA damage inducer in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Berberine and palmatine suppressed the activities of both topoisomerase (Topo) I and II. In berberine-treated cells, DNA damage was shown to be directly associated with the inhibitory effect of Topo II, but not Topo I by silencing gene of Topo I or Topo II. In addition, DNA damage was also observed when cells were treated with commercially available goldenseal extracts and the extent of DNA damage was positively correlated to the berberine content. Our findings suggest that the Topo II inhibitory effect may contribute to berberine- and goldenseal-induced genotoxicity and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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