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Abstract
Legumes have a tremendous ecological and agronomic importance due to their ability to interact symbiotically with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. In most of the rhizobial–legume symbioses, the establishment of the interaction requires the plant perception of the bacterial lipochitooligosaccharide Nod factor signal. However, some bradyrhizobia can activate the symbiosis differently, thanks to their type III secretion system, which delivers effector proteins into the host cell. Here, we demonstrate that this symbiotic process relies on a small set of effectors playing distinct and complementary roles. Most remarkably, a nuclear-targeted effector named ErnA conferred the ability to form nodules. The understanding of this alternative pathway toward nitrogen-fixing symbiosis could pave the way for designing new strategies to transfer nodulation into cereals. Several Bradyrhizobium species nodulate the leguminous plant Aeschynomene indica in a type III secretion system-dependent manner, independently of Nod factors. To date, the underlying molecular determinants involved in this symbiotic process remain unknown. To identify the rhizobial effectors involved in nodulation, we mutated 23 out of the 27 effector genes predicted in Bradyrhizobium strain ORS3257. The mutation of nopAO increased nodulation and nitrogenase activity, whereas mutation of 5 other effector genes led to various symbiotic defects. The nopM1 and nopP1 mutants induced a reduced number of nodules, some of which displayed large necrotic zones. The nopT and nopAB mutants induced uninfected nodules, and a mutant in a yet-undescribed effector gene lost the capacity for nodule formation. This effector gene, widely conserved among bradyrhizobia, was named ernA for “effector required for nodulation-A.” Remarkably, expressing ernA in a strain unable to nodulate A. indica conferred nodulation ability. Upon its delivery by Pseudomonas fluorescens into plant cells, ErnA was specifically targeted to the nucleus, and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer–fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy approach supports the possibility that ErnA binds nucleic acids in the plant nuclei. Ectopic expression of ernA in A. indica roots activated organogenesis of root- and nodule-like structures. Collectively, this study unravels the symbiotic functions of rhizobial type III effectors playing distinct and complementary roles in suppression of host immune functions, infection, and nodule organogenesis, and suggests that ErnA triggers organ development in plants by a mechanism that remains to be elucidated.
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Songwattana P, Tittabutr P, Wongdee J, Teamtisong K, Wulandari D, Teulet A, Fardoux J, Boonkerd N, Giraud E, Teaumroong N. Symbiotic properties of a chimeric Nod-independent photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium strain obtained by conjugative transfer of a symbiotic plasmid. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:3442-3454. [PMID: 31077522 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lateral transfer of symbiotic genes converting a predisposed soil bacteria into a legume symbiont has occurred repeatedly and independently during the evolution of rhizobia. We experimented the transfer of a symbiotic plasmid between Bradyrhizobium strains. The originality of the DOA9 donor is that it harbours a symbiotic mega-plasmid (pDOA9) containing nod, nif and T3SS genes while the ORS278 recipient has the unique property of inducing nodules on some Aeschynomene species in the absence of Nod factors (NFs). We observed that the chimeric strain ORS278-pDOA9* lost its ability to develop a functional symbiosis with Aeschynomene. indica and Aeschynomene evenia. The mutation of rhcN and nodB led to partial restoration of nodule efficiency, indicating that T3SS effectors and NFs block the establishment of the NF-independent symbiosis. Conversely, ORS278-pDOA9* strain acquired the ability to form nodules on Crotalaria juncea and Macroptillium artropurpureum but not on NF-dependent Aeschynomene (A. afraspera and A. americana), suggesting that the ORS278 strain also harbours incompatible factors that block the interaction with these species. These data indicate that the symbiotic properties of a chimeric rhizobia cannot be anticipated due to new combination of symbiotic and non-symbiotic determinants that may interfere during the interaction with the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Songwattana
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000, Thailand
| | - Panlada Tittabutr
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Wongdee
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kamonluck Teamtisong
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Dyah Wulandari
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000, Thailand
| | - Albin Teulet
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRA/UM/SupAgro. Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Joel Fardoux
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRA/UM/SupAgro. Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nantakorn Boonkerd
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000, Thailand
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRA/UM/SupAgro. Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000, Thailand
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Wang X, Huo H, Luo Y, Liu D, Zhao L, Zong L, Chou M, Chen J, Wei G. Type III secretion systems impact Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 compatibility with Robinia pseudoacacia. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1533-1550. [PMID: 31274160 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobia and legume plants are famous mutualistic symbiosis partners who provide nitrogen nutrition to the natural environment. Rhizobial type III secretion systems (T3SSs) deliver effectors that manipulate the metabolism of eukaryotic host cells. Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 (GS0123) contains two T3SS gene clusters, T3SS-I and T3SS-II. T3SS-I contains all the basal components for an integrated T3SS, and the expression of T3SS-I genes is up-regulated in the presence of flavonoids. In contrast, T3SS-II lacks the primary extracellular elements of T3SSs, and the expression of T3SS-II genes is down-regulated in the presence of flavonoids. Inoculation tests on Robinia pseudoacacia displayed considerable differences in gene expression patterns and levels among roots inoculated with GS0123 and T3SS-deficient mutant (GS0123ΔrhcN1 (GS0123ΔT1), GS0123ΔrhcN2 (GS0123ΔT2) and GS0123ΔrhcN1ΔrhcN2 (GS0123ΔS)). Compared with the GS0123-inoculated plants, GS0123ΔT1-inoculated roots formed very few infection threads and effective nodules, while GS0123ΔT2-inoculated roots formed a little fewer infection threads and effective nodules with increased numbers of bacteroids enclosed in one symbiosome. Moreover, almost no infection threads or effective nodules were observed in GS0123ΔS-inoculated roots. In addition to evaluations of plant immunity signals, we observed that the coexistence of T3SS-I and T3SS-II promoted infection by suppressing host defense response in the reactive oxygen species defense response pathway. Future studies should focus on identifying rhizobial T3SS effectors and their host target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxia Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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104
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Hassani MA, Özkurt E, Seybold H, Dagan T, Stukenbrock EH. Interactions and Coadaptation in Plant Metaorganisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:483-503. [PMID: 31348865 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants associate with a wide diversity of microorganisms. Some microorganisms engage in intimate associations with the plant host, collectively forming a metaorganism. Such close coexistence with plants requires specific adaptations that allow microorganisms to overcome plant defenses and inhabit plant tissues during growth and reproduction. New data suggest that the plant immune system has a broader role beyond pathogen recognition and also plays an important role in the community assembly of the associated microorganism. We propose that core microorganisms undergo coadaptation with their plant host, notably in response to the plant immune system allowing them to persist and propagate in their host. Microorganisms, which are vertically transmitted from generation to generation via plant seeds, putatively compose highly adapted species and may have plant-beneficial functions. The extent to which plant domestication has impacted the underlying genetics of plant-microbe associations remains poorly understood. We propose that the ability of domesticated plants to select and maintain advantageous microbial partners may have been affected. In this review, we discuss factors that impact plant metaorganism assembly and function. We underline the importance of microbe-microbe interactions in plant tissues, as they are still poorly studied but may have a great impact on plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amine Hassani
- Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany;
- Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ezgi Özkurt
- Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany;
- Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Heike Seybold
- Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany;
- Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tal Dagan
- Institute of Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva H Stukenbrock
- Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany;
- Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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105
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Ullah I, Magdy M, Wang L, Liu M, Li X. Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of TGA transcription factors in soybean. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11186. [PMID: 31371739 PMCID: PMC6672012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gain of function in genes and gene families is a continuous process and is a key factor in understanding gene and genome evolution in plants. TGACG-Binding (TGA) transcription factors (TFs) have long been known for their essential roles in plant defence in Arabidopsis, but their roles in legume symbiosis are yet to be explored. Here, we identified a total of 25 TGA (named GmTGA1-GmTGA25) genes in soybean. Through phylogenetic analysis, we discovered a clade of GmTGA proteins that appear to be legume-specific. Among them, two GmTGAs were unique by possessing the autophagy sequence in their proteins, while the third one was an orphan gene in soybean. GmTGAs were structurally different from AtTGAs, and their expression patterns also differed with the dominant expression of AtTGAs and GmTGAs in aerial and underground parts, respectively. Moreover, twenty-five GmTGAs showed a strong correlation among the gene expression in roots, nodules, and root hairs. The qRT-PCR analysis results revealed that among 15 tested GmTGAs, six were induced and four were suppressed by rhizobia inoculation, while 11 of these GmTGAs were induced by high nitrate. Our findings suggested the important roles of GmTGAs in symbiotic nodulation and in response to nitrogen availability in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihteram Ullah
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mahmoud Magdy
- Key laboratory of horticulture, plant biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- School of biological and chemical engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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106
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Stringlis IA, Zamioudis C, Berendsen RL, Bakker PAHM, Pieterse CMJ. Type III Secretion System of Beneficial Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 and Pseudomonas defensor WCS374. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1631. [PMID: 31379783 PMCID: PMC6647874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants roots host myriads of microbes, some of which enhance the defense potential of plants by activating a broad-spectrum immune response in leaves, known as induced systemic resistance (ISR). Nevertheless, establishment of this mutualistic interaction requires active suppression of local root immune responses to allow successful colonization. To facilitate host colonization, phytopathogenic bacteria secrete immune-suppressive effectors into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Previously, we searched the genomes of the ISR-inducing rhizobacteria Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 and Pseudomonas defensor WCS374 for the presence of a T3SS and identified the components for a T3SS in the genomes of WCS417 and WCS374. By performing a phylogenetic and gene cluster alignment analysis we show that the T3SS of WCS417 and WCS374 are grouped in a clade that is enriched for beneficial rhizobacteria. We also found sequences of putative novel effectors in their genomes, which may facilitate future research on the role of T3SS effectors in plant-beneficial microbe interactions in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Stringlis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christos Zamioudis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roeland L Berendsen
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter A H M Bakker
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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107
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Rodriguez PA, Rothballer M, Chowdhury SP, Nussbaumer T, Gutjahr C, Falter-Braun P. Systems Biology of Plant-Microbiome Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:804-821. [PMID: 31128275 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, plants are exposed to diverse microbiota that they interact with in complex ways. While plant-pathogen interactions have been intensely studied to understand defense mechanisms in plants, many microbes and microbial communities can have substantial beneficial effects on their plant host. Such beneficial effects include improved acquisition of nutrients, accelerated growth, resilience against pathogens, and improved resistance against abiotic stress conditions such as heat, drought, and salinity. However, the beneficial effects of bacterial strains or consortia on their host are often cultivar and species specific, posing an obstacle to their general application. Remarkably, many of the signals that trigger plant immune responses are molecularly highly similar and often identical in pathogenic and beneficial microbes. Thus, it is unclear what determines the outcome of a particular microbe-host interaction and which factors enable plants to distinguish beneficials from pathogens. To unravel the complex network of genetic, microbial, and metabolic interactions, including the signaling events mediating microbe-host interactions, comprehensive quantitative systems biology approaches will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Rodriguez
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Soumitra Paul Chowdhury
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine (IEM), UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany.
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108
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Yin Y, Tian L, Li X, Huang M, Liu L, Wu P, Li M, Jiang H, Wu G, Chen Y. The role of endogenous thiamine produced via THIC in root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:311-320. [PMID: 31128701 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine is a pivotal primary metabolite which is indispensable to all organisms. Although its biosynthetic pathway has been well documented, the mechanism by which thiamine influences the legume-rhizobium symbiosis remains uncertain. Here, we used overexpressing transgenic plants, mutants and grafting experiments to investigate the roles played by thiamine in Lotus japonicus nodulation. ljthic mutants displayed lethal phenotypes and the defect could be overcome by supplementation of thiamine or by overexpression of LjTHIC. Reciprocal grafting between L. japonicus wild-type Gifu B-129 and ljthic showed that the photosynthetic products of the aerial part made a major contribution to overcoming the nodulation defect in ljthic. Overexpression of LjTHIC in Lotus japonicus (OE-LjTHIC) decreased shoot growth and increased the activity of the enzymes 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. OE-LjTHIC plants exhibited an increase in the number of infection threads and also developed more nodules, which were of smaller size but unchanged nitrogenase activity compared to the wildtype. Taken together, our results suggest that endogenous thiamine produced via LjTHIC acts as an essential nutrient provided by the host plant for rhizobial infection and nodule growth in the Lotus japonicus - rhizobium interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xueliu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mingchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Leru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pingzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Meiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Huawu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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Mamenko TP, Khomenko YO, Kots SY. Influence of fungicides on activities of enzymes of phenolic metabolism in the early stages of formation and functioning of soybean symbiotic apparatus. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of complex seed treatment with fungicides and rhizobium culture on the activity of phenolic metabolism enzymes – polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase in the early stages of the formation and functioning of various symbiotic systems Glycine max – Bradyrhizobium japonicum. In the research we used microbiological, physiological, biochemical methods, gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. The objects of the study were selected symbiotic systems formed with the participation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Diamond variety, strains Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b (active, virulent) and 604k (inactive, highly virulent) and fungicides Maxim XL 035 PS (fludioxonil, 25 g/L, metalaxyl, 10 g/L), and Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/L, thiophanate methyl, 225 g/L, piraclostrobin, 25 g/L). Before sowing, the seeds of soybean were treated with solutions of fungicides, calculated on the basis of one rate of expenditure of the active substance of each preparation indicated by the producer per ton of seed. One part of the seeds treated with fungicides was inoculated with rhizobium culture for 1 h (the titre of bacteria was 108 cells in 1 ml). The other part of the fungicide-treated seeds was not inoculated by rhizobium culture. As a result of the research, it was revealed that an effective symbiotic system formed with the participation of soybean plants and the active strain rhizobia 634b is characterized by a high level of polyphenol oxidase activity and low guaiacol peroxidase in roots and root nodules in the stages of second and third true leaves. Such changes in the activity of enzymes occurred along with the formation of nodules which actively fixed the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere. An ineffective symbiotic system (strain 604k) is characterized by an elevated level of polyphenol oxidase activity in the roots and guaiacol peroxidase in the root nodules, which is accompanied by activation of the process of nodulation. Treatment of soybean seeds with fungicides in an effective symbiotic system leads to a change in the activity of the enzymes of the phenolic metabolism, which induced adaptive changes in plant metabolism and growth of nitrogenase activity of the root nodules. The recorded changes in the activity of both enzymes for the action of fungicides in the ineffective symbiotic system can be considered as a kind of response of the plant to the treatment and were observed along with the reduction of the processes of nodulation into the stage of the third true leaf.
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110
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Pfeilmeier S, George J, Morel A, Roy S, Smoker M, Stransfeld L, Downie JA, Peeters N, Malone JG, Zipfel C. Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune receptor EFR in Medicago truncatula reduces infection by a root pathogenic bacterium, but not nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbiosis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:569-579. [PMID: 30120864 PMCID: PMC6381793 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interfamily transfer of plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represents a promising biotechnological approach to engineer broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops. It is however unclear whether new recognition specificities to given pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) affect the interaction of the recipient plant with beneficial microbes. To test this in a direct reductionist approach, we transferred the Brassicaceae-specific PRR ELONGATION FACTOR-THERMO UNSTABLE RECEPTOR (EFR), conferring recognition of the bacterial EF-Tu protein, from Arabidopsis thaliana to the legume Medicago truncatula. Constitutive EFR expression led to EFR accumulation and activation of immune responses upon treatment with the EF-Tu-derived elf18 peptide in leaves and roots. The interaction of M. truncatula with the bacterial symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti is characterized by the formation of root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Although nodule numbers were slightly reduced at an early stage of the infection in EFR-Medicago when compared to control lines, nodulation was similar in all lines at later stages. Furthermore, nodule colonization by rhizobia, and nitrogen fixation were not compromised by EFR expression. Importantly, the M. truncatula lines expressing EFR were substantially more resistant to the root bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Our data suggest that the transfer of EFR to M. truncatula does not impede root nodule symbiosis, but has a positive impact on disease resistance against a bacterial pathogen. In addition, our results indicate that Rhizobium can either avoid PAMP recognition during the infection process, or is able to actively suppress immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfeilmeier
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Institute of MicrobiologyDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | | | - Arry Morel
- INRALaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR441Castanet‐TolosanFrance
- CNRSLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR2594Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Sonali Roy
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | - Lena Stransfeld
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich‐Basel Plant Science CenterUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Nemo Peeters
- INRALaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR441Castanet‐TolosanFrance
- CNRSLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR2594Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Jacob G. Malone
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich‐Basel Plant Science CenterUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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111
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Fernandez-Göbel TF, Deanna R, Muñoz NB, Robert G, Asurmendi S, Lascano R. Redox Systemic Signaling and Induced Tolerance Responses During Soybean- Bradyrhizobium japonicum Interaction: Involvement of Nod Factor Receptor and Autoregulation of Nodulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30828341 PMCID: PMC6384266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia induces local and systemic responses, which ultimately lead to nodule formation. The autoregulation of nodulation (AON) is a systemic mechanism related to innate immunity that controls nodule development and involves different components ranging from hormones, peptides, receptors to small RNAs. Here, we characterized a rapid systemic redox changes induced during soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiotic interaction. A transient peak of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was found in soybean leaves after 30 min of root inoculation with B. japonicum. The ROS response was accompanied by changes in the redox state of glutathione and by activation of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the ROS peak and antioxidant enzyme activation were abolished in leaves by the addition, in either root or leaf, of DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Likewise, these systemic redox changes primed the plant increasing its tolerance to photooxidative stress. With the use of non-nodulating nfr5-mutant and hyper-nodulating nark-mutant soybean plants, we subsequently studied the systemic redox changes. The nfr5-mutant lacked the systemic redox changes after inoculation, whereas the nark-mutant showed a similar redox systemic signaling than the wild type plants. However, neither nfr5- nor nark-mutant exhibited tolerance to photooxidative stress condition. Altogether, these results demonstrated that (i) the early redox systemic signaling during symbiotic interaction depends on a Nod factor receptor, and that (ii) the induced tolerance response depends on the AON mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeo F. Fernandez-Göbel
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rocío Deanna
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nacira B. Muñoz
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Germán Robert
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Asurmendi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Lascano
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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112
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Hernández-López A, Díaz M, Rodríguez-López J, Guillén G, Sánchez F, Díaz-Camino C. Uncovering Bax inhibitor-1 dual role in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis in common bean roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1049-1061. [PMID: 30462254 PMCID: PMC6363093 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bax-inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is a cell death suppressor conserved in all eukaryotes that modulates cell death in response to abiotic stress and pathogen attack in plants. However, little is known about its role in the establishment of symbiotic interactions. Here, we demonstrate the functional relevance of an Arabidopsis thaliana BI-1 homolog (PvBI-1a) to symbiosis between the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Rhizobium tropici. We show that the changes in expression of PvBI-1a observed during early symbiosis resemble those of some defence response-related proteins. By using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that the overexpression of PvBI-1a in the roots of common bean increases the number of rhizobial infection events (and therefore the final number of nodules per root), but induces the premature death of nodule cells, affecting their nitrogen fixation efficiency. Nodule morphological alterations are known to be associated with changes in the expression of genes tied to defence, autophagy, and vesicular trafficking. Results obtained in the present work suggest that BI-1 has a dual role in the regulation of programmed cell death during symbiosis, extending our understanding of its critical function in the modulation of host immunity while responding to beneficial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandrina Hernández-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Guillén
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Federico Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Claudia Díaz-Camino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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113
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Cook SD. An Historical Review of Phenylacetic Acid. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:243-254. [PMID: 30649529 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormone biology is an ever-evolving field and as such, novel avenues of research must always be sought. Technological and theoretical advancement can also allow for previously dismissed research to yield equally interesting insights into processes now that they are better understood. The auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA) is an excellent example of this. PAA is a plant auxin that also possesses substantial antimicrobial activity. It has a broad distribution and has been studied in bacteria, fungi, algae and land plants. Research on this compound in plants was prominent in the 1980s, where its bioactivity and broad distribution were frequently examined. Unfortunately, due to the strong interest in the quintessential auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), research on PAA quickly petered out. Recently, several groups have resumed investigations on this hormone in plants, yet, little is known about PAA biology and its physiological role is unclear. PAA biosynthesis from the amino acid Phe invites direct comparisons with previously studied IAA biosynthesis pathways, and recent work has shown that PAA metabolism and signaling appears to be similar to that of IAA. However, given the large gap between previous work and recent investigations, a historical review of this auxin is required to renew our understanding of PAA. Here, previous work on PAA is reassessed in light of recent research in plants and serves as a synthesis of current knowledge on PAA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam D Cook
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- JSPS International Research Fellow
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114
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diCenzo GC, Zamani M, Checcucci A, Fondi M, Griffitts JS, Finan TM, Mengoni A. Multidisciplinary approaches for studying rhizobium–legume symbioses. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:1-33. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The rhizobium–legume symbiosis is a major source of fixed nitrogen (ammonia) in the biosphere. The potential for this process to increase agricultural yield while reducing the reliance on nitrogen-based fertilizers has generated interest in understanding and manipulating this process. For decades, rhizobium research has benefited from the use of leading techniques from a very broad set of fields, including population genetics, molecular genetics, genomics, and systems biology. In this review, we summarize many of the research strategies that have been employed in the study of rhizobia and the unique knowledge gained from these diverse tools, with a focus on genome- and systems-level approaches. We then describe ongoing synthetic biology approaches aimed at improving existing symbioses or engineering completely new symbiotic interactions. The review concludes with our perspective of the future directions and challenges of the field, with an emphasis on how the application of a multidisciplinary approach and the development of new methods will be necessary to ensure successful biotechnological manipulation of the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C. diCenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Maryam Zamani
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Joel S. Griffitts
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Turlough M. Finan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
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115
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Rey T, André O, Nars A, Dumas B, Gough C, Bottin A, Jacquet C. Lipo-chitooligosaccharide signalling blocks a rapid pathogen-induced ROS burst without impeding immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:743-749. [PMID: 30378690 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular signals released by microbes at the surface of plant roots and leaves largely determine host responses, notably by triggering either immunity or symbiosis. How these signalling pathways cross-talk upon coincident perception of pathogens and symbionts is poorly described in plants forming symbiosis. Nitrogen fixing symbiotic Rhizobia spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) to initiate host symbiotic programmes. In Medicago truncatula roots, the perception of LCOs leads to reduced efflux of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By contrast, pathogen perception generally triggers a strong ROS burst and activates defence gene expression. Here we show that incubation of M. truncatula seedlings with culture filtrate (CF) of the legume pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches alone or simultaneously with Sinorhizobium meliloti LCOs, resulted in a strong ROS release. However, this response was completely inhibited if CF was added after pre-incubation of seedlings with LCOs. By contrast, expression of immunity-associated genes in response to CF and disease resistance to A. euteiches remained unaffected by LCO treatment of M. truncatula roots. Our findings suggest that symbiotic plants evolved ROS inhibition response to LCOs to facilitate early steps of symbiosis whilst maintaining a parallel defence mechanisms toward pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Olivier André
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Amaury Nars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Clare Gough
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (LIPM), Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Arnaud Bottin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
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116
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Stambulska UY, Bayliak MM. Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis: Secondary Metabolites, Free Radical Processes, and Effects of Heavy Metals. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_43-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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117
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Berrabah F, Ratet P, Gourion B. Legume Nodules: Massive Infection in the Absence of Defense Induction. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:35-44. [PMID: 30252618 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0205-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the legume family host massive intracellular bacterial populations in the tissues of specialized organs, the nodules. In these organs, the bacteria, named rhizobia, can fix atmospheric nitrogen and transfer it to the plant. This special metabolic skill provides to the legumes an advantage when they grow on nitrogen-scarce substrates. While packed with rhizobia, the nodule cells remain alive, metabolically active, and do not develop defense reactions. Here, we review our knowledge on the control of plant immunity during the rhizobia-legume symbiosis. We present the results of an evolutionary process that selected both divergence of microbial-associated molecular motifs and active suppressors of immunity on the rhizobial side and, on the legume side, active mechanisms that contribute to suppression of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Berrabah
- 1 Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ziane Achour, 17000 Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Pascal Ratet
- 2 Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France
- 3 Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France; and
| | - Benjamin Gourion
- 4 LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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118
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Wang J, Wang J, Liu C, Ma C, Li C, Zhang Y, Qi Z, Zhu R, Shi Y, Zou J, Li Q, Zhu J, Wen Y, Sun Z, Liu H, Jiang H, Yin Z, Hu Z, Chen Q, Wu X, Xin D. Identification of Soybean Genes Whose Expression is Affected by the Ensifer fredii HH103 Effector Protein NopP. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3438. [PMID: 30400148 PMCID: PMC6274870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In some legume⁻rhizobium symbioses, host specificity is influenced by rhizobial nodulation outer proteins (Nops). However, the genes encoding host proteins that interact with Nops remain unknown. We generated an Ensifer fredii HH103 NopP mutant (HH103ΩNopP), and analyzed the nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW) of 10 soybean germplasms inoculated with the wild-type E. fredii HH103 or the mutant strain. An analysis of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) revealed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with NopP interactions. A soybean genomic region containing two overlapping QTLs was analyzed in greater detail. A transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR assay were used to identify candidate genes encoding proteins that interact with NopP. In some germplasms, NopP positively and negatively affected the NN and NDW, while NopP had different effects on NN and NDW in other germplasms. The QTL region in chromosome 12 was further analyzed. The expression patterns of candidate genes Glyma.12g031200 and Glyma.12g073000 were determined by qRT-PCR, and were confirmed to be influenced by NopP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jieqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Changyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Rongsheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jianan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yingnan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhijun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hanxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhengong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhenbang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Dawei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Breeding/Genetics of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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119
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Antonets KS, Onishchuk OP, Kurchak ON, Volkov KV, Lykholay AN, Andreeva EA, Andronov EE, Pinaev AG, Provorov NA, Nizhnikov AA. Proteomic Profile of the Bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti Depends on Its Life Form and Host Plant Species. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318050035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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120
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Ghodhbane-Gtari F, Nouioui I, Hezbri K, Lundstedt E, D'Angelo T, McNutt Z, Laplaze L, Gherbi H, Vaissayre V, Svistoonoff S, Ahmed HB, Boudabous A, Tisa LS. The plant-growth-promoting actinobacteria of the genus Nocardia induces root nodule formation in Casuarina glauca. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:75-90. [PMID: 30203358 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Actinorhizal plants form a symbiotic association with the nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria Frankia. These plants have important economic and ecological benefits including land reclamation, soil stabilization, and reforestation. Recently, many non-Frankia actinobacteria have been isolated from actinorhizal root nodules suggesting that they might contribute to nodulation. Two Nocardia strains, BMG51109 and BMG111209, were isolated from Casuarina glauca nodules, and they induced root nodule-like structures in original host plant promoting seedling growth. The formed root nodule-like structures lacked a nodular root at the apex, were not capable of reducing nitrogen and had their cortical cells occupied with rod-shaped Nocardiae cells. Both Nocardia strains induced root hair deformation on the host plant. BMG111209 strain induced the expression of the ProCgNin:Gus gene, a plant gene involved in the early steps of the infection process and nodulation development. Nocardia strain BMG51109 produced three types of auxins (Indole-3-acetic acid [IAA], Indole-3-Byturic Acid [IBA] and Phenyl Acetic Acid [PAA]), while Nocardia BMG111209 only produced IAA. Analysis of the Nocardia genomes identified several important predicted biosynthetic gene clusters for plant phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and novel natural products. Co-infection studies showed that Nocardia strain BMG51109 plays a role as a "helper bacteria" promoting an earlier onset of nodulation. This study raises many questions on the ecological significance and functionality of Nocardia bacteria in actinorhizal symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar (FST) & Université Carthage (INSAT), Campus universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Nouioui
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar (FST) & Université Carthage (INSAT), Campus universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karima Hezbri
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar (FST) & Université Carthage (INSAT), Campus universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emily Lundstedt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Timothy D'Angelo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Zakkary McNutt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD/ Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, CDX 5, France
- LCM, IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD/ Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, CDX 5, France
| | - Virginie Vaissayre
- ECOBIO, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- LSTM, UMR 040 IRD/INRA/CIRAD/ Université Montpellier/Supagro, TA A-82/J, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, CDX 5, France
- LCM, IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
- LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hela Ben Ahmed
- Unité d'Ecophysiologie et Nutrition des plantes, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelatif Boudabous
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar (FST) & Université Carthage (INSAT), Campus universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Louis S Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
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Liu YH, Wang ET, Jiao YS, Tian CF, Wang L, Wang ZJ, Guan JJ, Singh RP, Chen WX, Chen WF. Symbiotic characteristics of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110 mutants associated with shrubby sophora (Sophora flavescens) and soybean (Glycine max). Microbiol Res 2018; 214:19-27. [PMID: 30031478 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific insertion plasmid pVO155 was used to knockout the genes involved in the alternation of host range of strain Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110 from its original determinate-nodule-forming host soybean (Glycine max), to promiscuous and indeterminate-nodule-forming shrubby legume sophora (Sophora flavescens). Symbiotic phenotypes of these mutants inoculated to these two legumes, were compared to those infected by wild-type strain USDA 110. Six genes of the total fourteen Tn5 transposon mutated genes were broken using the pVO155 plasmid. Both Tn5 and pVO155-inserted mutants could nodulate S. flavescens with different morphologies of low-efficient indeterminate nodules. One to several rod or irregular bacteroids, containing different contents of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate or polyphosphate were found within the symbiosomes in nodulated cells of S. flavescens infected by the pVO155-inserted mutants. Moreover, none of bacteroids were observed in the pseudonodules of S. flavescens, infected by wild-type strain USDA 110. These mutants had the nodulation ability with soybean but the symbiotic efficiency reduced to diverse extents. These findings enlighten the complicated interactions between rhizobia and legumes, i. e., mutation of genes involved in metabolic pathways, transporters, chemotaxis and mobility could alter the rhizobial entry and development of the bacteroid inside the nodules of a new host legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - En Tao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D. F. 11340, México
| | - Yin Shan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Fu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zi Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jia Jing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Raghvendra Pratap Singh
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh 275101, India
| | - Wen Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sugawara M, Takahashi S, Umehara Y, Iwano H, Tsurumaru H, Odake H, Suzuki Y, Kondo H, Konno Y, Yamakawa T, Sato S, Mitsui H, Minamisawa K. Variation in bradyrhizobial NopP effector determines symbiotic incompatibility with Rj2-soybeans via effector-triggered immunity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3139. [PMID: 30087346 PMCID: PMC6081438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype-specific incompatibility in legume-rhizobium symbiosis has been suggested to be controlled by effector-triggered immunity underlying pathogenic host-bacteria interactions. However, the rhizobial determinant interacting with the host resistance protein (e.g., Rj2) and the molecular mechanism of symbiotic incompatibility remain unclear. Using natural mutants of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 122, we identified a type III-secretory protein NopP as the determinant of symbiotic incompatibility with Rj2-soybean. The analysis of nopP mutations and variants in a culture collection reveal that three amino acid residues (R60, R67, and H173) in NopP are required for Rj2-mediated incompatibility. Complementation of rj2-soybean by the Rj2 allele confers the incompatibility induced by USDA 122-type NopP. In response to incompatible strains, Rj2-soybean plants activate defense marker gene PR-2 and suppress infection thread number at 2 days after inoculation. These results suggest that Rj2-soybeans monitor the specific variants of NopP and reject bradyrhizobial infection via effector-triggered immunity mediated by Rj2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sugawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Satoko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yosuke Umehara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroya Iwano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hirohito Tsurumaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Haruka Odake
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kondo
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Konno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamakawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Mitsui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Minamisawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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Rey T, Jacquet C. Symbiosis genes for immunity and vice versa. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:64-71. [PMID: 29550547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Basic molecular knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions has largely been gained from reverse and forward genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, as this model plant is unable to establish endosymbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia, plant responses to mutualistic symbionts have been studied in parallel in other plant species, mainly legumes. The resulting analyses led to the identification of gene networks involved in various functions, from microbe recognition to signalling and plant responses, thereafter assigned to either mutualistic symbiosis or immunity, according to the nature of the initially inoculated microbe. The increasing development of new pathosystems and genetic resources in model legumes and the implementation of reverse genetics in plants such as rice and tomato that interact with both mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens, have highlighted the dual role of plant genes previously thought to be specific to mutualistic or pathogenic interactions. The next challenges will be to determine whether such genes have similar functions in both types of interaction and if not, whether the perception of microbial compounds or the involvement of specific plant signalling components is responsible for the appropriate plant responses to the encountered microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Berrabah F, Balliau T, Aït-Salem EH, George J, Zivy M, Ratet P, Gourion B. Control of the ethylene signaling pathway prevents plant defenses during intracellular accommodation of the rhizobia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:310-323. [PMID: 29668080 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Massive intracellular populations of symbiotic bacteria, referred to as rhizobia, are housed in legume root nodules. Little is known about the mechanisms preventing the development of defense in these organs although genes such as SymCRK and DNF2 of the model legume Medicago truncatula are required for this control after rhizobial internalization in host nodule cells. Here we investigated the molecular basis of the symbiotic control of immunity. Proteomic analysis was performed to compare functional (wild-type) and defending nodules (symCRK). Based on the results, the control of plant immunity during the functional step of the symbiosis was further investigated by biochemical and pharmacological approaches as well as by transcript and histology analysis. Ethylene was identified as a potential signal inducing plant defenses in symCRK nodules. Involvement of this phytohormone in symCRK and dnf2-developed defenses and in the death of intracellular rhizobia was confirmed. This negative effect of ethylene depended on the M. truncatula sickle gene and was also observed in the legume Lotus japonicus. Together, these data indicate that prevention of ethylene-triggered defenses is crucial for the persistence of endosymbiosis and that the DNF2 and SymCRK genes are required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Berrabah
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- INRA, PAPPSO, UMR Génétique Quantitative et Évolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France
| | - El Hosseyn Aït-Salem
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jeoffrey George
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- CNRS, PAPPSO, UMR Génétique Quantitative et Évolution - Le Moulon, INRA/Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91190, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Benjamin Gourion
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, Orsay, 91405, France
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125
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Ledermann R, Bartsch I, Müller B, Wülser J, Fischer HM. A Functional General Stress Response of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens Is Required for Early Stages of Host Plant Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:537-547. [PMID: 29278144 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-17-0284-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetically diverse bacteria respond to various stress conditions by mounting a general stress response (GSR) resulting in the induction of protection or damage repair functions. In α-proteobacteria, the GSR is induced by a regulatory cascade consisting of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor σEcfG, its anti-σ factor NepR, and the anti-anti-σ factor PhyR. We have reported previously that σEcfG and PhyR of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (formerly named Bradyrhizobium japonicum), the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiont of soybean and related legumes, are required for efficient symbiosis; however, the precise role of the GSR remained undefined. Here, we analyze the symbiotic defects of a B. diazoefficiens mutant lacking σEcfG by comparing distinct infection stages of enzymatically or fluorescently tagged wild-type and mutant bacteria. Although root colonization and root hair curling were indistinguishable, the mutant was not competitive, and showed delayed development of emerging nodules and only a few infection threads. Consequently, many of the mutant-induced nodules were aborted, empty, or partially colonized. Congruent with these results, we found that σEcfG was active in bacteria present in root-hair-entrapped microcolonies and infection threads but not in root-associated bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. We conclude that GSR-controlled functions are crucial for synchronization of infection thread formation, colonization, and nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ledermann
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Bartsch
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Müller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Wülser
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Martin Fischer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Tsukaya H. How leaves of mycoheterotrophic plants evolved - from the view point of a developmental biologist. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1401-1406. [PMID: 29332309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
How mycoheterotrophs have evolved and how they are sustained are enigmas. Structural analyses of the plastid genome and phylogenetic analyses of mycoheterotrophs have been used to identify mycorrhizal fungi. Molecular genetic studies have also revealed the mechanism for plant-fungi interactions. However, the evolution of the small, scale-like vegetative leaves of mycoheterotrophs is unknown. As almost all genes determining leaf size affect the floral organ sizes, it is highly implausible that loss-of-function mutations in leaf size regulators caused the evolution of smaller foliage leaves in mycoheterotrophs. In this Viewpoint, possible evolutionary scenarios of scale-like leaves in mycoheterotrophs are discussed from the perspective of developmental genetics of leaves in model plants, including: vegetative phase-specific changes in expression of leaf size regulator(s); the change from foliage leaves to scale-like lateral organs; and expression of suppressor(s) involved in organ development. These possibilities can be tested in future studies. This approach will provide a new research field in the developmental biology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Bio-Next Project, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Yamate Build. #3, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
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127
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Chromium(VI) Toxicity in Legume Plants: Modulation Effects of Rhizobial Symbiosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8031213. [PMID: 29662899 PMCID: PMC5832134 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8031213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most legume species have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria that promote plant growth and productivity. There is an increasing evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) important role in formation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis and nodule functioning. Environmental pollutants such as chromium compounds can cause damage to rhizobia, legumes, and their symbiosis. In plants, toxic effects of chromium(VI) compounds are associated with the increased production of ROS and oxidative stress development as well as with inhibition of pigment synthesis and modification of virtually all cellular components. These metabolic changes result in inhibition of seed germination and seedling development as well as reduction of plant biomass and crop yield. However, if plants establish symbiosis with rhizobia, heavy metals are accumulated preferentially in nodules decreasing the toxicity of metals to the host plant. This review summarizes data on toxic effects of chromium on legume plants and legume-rhizobium symbiosis. In addition, we discussed the role of oxidative stress in both chromium toxicity and formation of rhizobial symbiosis and use of nodule bacteria for minimizing toxic effects of chromium on plants.
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128
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Saijo Y, Loo EPI, Yasuda S. Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plant-microbe interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:592-613. [PMID: 29266555 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe- and host damage-associated molecular patterns leads to the first layer of inducible defenses, termed pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). In plants, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) described to date are all membrane-associated receptor-like kinases or receptor-like proteins, reflecting the prevalence of apoplastic colonization of plant-infecting microbes. An increasing inventory of elicitor-active patterns and PRRs indicates that a large number of them are limited to a certain range of plant groups/species, pointing to dynamic and convergent evolution of pattern recognition specificities. In addition to common molecular principles of PRR signaling, recent studies have revealed substantial diversification between PRRs in their functions and regulatory mechanisms. This serves to confer robustness and plasticity to the whole PTI system in natural infections, wherein different PRRs are simultaneously engaged and faced with microbial assaults. We review the functional significance and molecular basis of PRR-mediated pathogen recognition and disease resistance, and also an emerging role for PRRs in homeostatic association with beneficial or commensal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Eliza Po-Iian Loo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yasuda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
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129
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Griffin EA, Carson WP. Tree Endophytes: Cryptic Drivers of Tropical Forest Diversity. ENDOPHYTES OF FOREST TREES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89833-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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130
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Yamaya-Ito H, Shimoda Y, Hakoyama T, Sato S, Kaneko T, Hossain MS, Shibata S, Kawaguchi M, Hayashi M, Kouchi H, Umehara Y. Loss-of-function of ASPARTIC PEPTIDASE NODULE-INDUCED 1 (APN1) in Lotus japonicus restricts efficient nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with specific Mesorhizobium loti strains. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:5-16. [PMID: 29086445 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of legumes and Rhizobium bacteria is established by complex interactions between the two symbiotic partners. Legume Fix- mutants form apparently normal nodules with endosymbiotic rhizobia but fail to induce rhizobial nitrogen fixation. These mutants are useful for identifying the legume genes involved in the interactions essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We describe here a Fix- mutant of Lotus japonicus, apn1, which showed a very specific symbiotic phenotype. It formed ineffective nodules when inoculated with the Mesorhizobium loti strain TONO. In these nodules, infected cells disintegrated and successively became necrotic, indicating premature senescence typical of Fix- mutants. However, it formed effective nodules when inoculated with the M. loti strain MAFF303099. Among nine different M. loti strains tested, four formed ineffective nodules and five formed effective nodules on apn1 roots. The identified causal gene, ASPARTIC PEPTIDASE NODULE-INDUCED 1 (LjAPN1), encodes a nepenthesin-type aspartic peptidase. The well characterized Arabidopsis aspartic peptidase CDR1 could complement the strain-specific Fix- phenotype of apn1. LjAPN1 is a typical late nodulin; its gene expression was exclusively induced during nodule development. LjAPN1 was most abundantly expressed in the infected cells in the nodules. Our findings indicate that LjAPN1 is required for the development and persistence of functional (nitrogen-fixing) symbiosis in a rhizobial strain-dependent manner, and thus determines compatibility between M. loti and L. japonicus at the level of nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yamaya-Ito
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0800, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Shimoda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hakoyama
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takakazu Kaneko
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shibata
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Hayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kouchi
- International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Umehara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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131
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Keller J, Imperial J, Ruiz-Argüeso T, Privet K, Lima O, Michon-Coudouel S, Biget M, Salmon A, Aïnouche A, Cabello-Hurtado F. RNA sequencing and analysis of three Lupinus nodulomes provide new insights into specific host-symbiont relationships with compatible and incompatible Bradyrhizobium strains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 266:102-116. [PMID: 29241560 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation in the legume root-nodule symbiosis has a critical importance in natural and agricultural ecosystems and depends on the proper choice of the symbiotic partners. However, the genetic determinism of symbiotic specificity remains unclear. To study this process, we inoculated three Lupinus species (L. albus, L. luteus, L. mariae-josephae), belonging to the under-investigated tribe of Genistoids, with two Bradyrhizobium strains (B. japonicum, B. valentinum) presenting contrasted degrees of symbiotic specificity depending on the host. We produced the first transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) from lupine nodules in a context of symbiotic specificity. For each lupine species, we compared gene expression between functional and non-functional interactions and determined differentially expressed (DE) genes. This revealed that L. luteus and L. mariae-josephae (nodulated by only one of the Bradyrhizobium strains) specific nodulomes were richest in DE genes than L. albus (nodulation with both microsymbionts, but non-functional with B. valentinum) and share a higher number of these genes between them than with L. albus. In addition, a functional analysis of DE genes highlighted the central role of the genetic pathways controlling infection and nodule organogenesis, hormones, secondary, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, as well as the implication of plant defence in response to compatible or incompatible Bradyrhizobium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Keller
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - J Imperial
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Ruiz-Argüeso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Privet
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - O Lima
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - S Michon-Coudouel
- Environmental and Human Genomics Platform, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - M Biget
- Environmental and Human Genomics Platform, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - A Salmon
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - A Aïnouche
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - F Cabello-Hurtado
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, OSUR (Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France.
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Abstract
Medicago truncatula is able to perform a symbiotic association with Sinorhizobium spp. This interaction leads to the formation of a new root organ, the nodule, in which bacteria infect the host cells and fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant benefit. Multiple and complex processes are essential for the success of this interaction from the recognition phase to nodule formation and functioning, and a wide range of plant host genes is required to orchestrate this phenomenon. Thanks to direct and reverse genetic as well as transcriptomic approaches, numerous genes involved in this symbiosis have been described and improve our understanding of this fantastic association. Herein we propose to update the recent molecular knowledge of how M. truncatula associates to its symbiotic partner Sinorhizobium spp.
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133
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Liu H, Carvalhais LC, Crawford M, Singh E, Dennis PG, Pieterse CMJ, Schenk PM. Inner Plant Values: Diversity, Colonization and Benefits from Endophytic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2552. [PMID: 29312235 PMCID: PMC5742157 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most exciting scientific advances in recent decades has been the realization that the diverse and immensely active microbial communities are not only 'passengers' with plants, but instead play an important role in plant growth, development and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A picture is emerging where plant roots act as 'gatekeepers' to screen soil bacteria from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane. This typically results in root endophytic microbiome dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and to a lesser extent Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, but Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes being almost depleted. A synthesis of available data suggest that motility, plant cell-wall degradation ability and reactive oxygen species scavenging seem to be crucial traits for successful endophytic colonization and establishment of bacteria. Recent studies provide solid evidence that these bacteria serve host functions such as improving of plant nutrients through acquisition of nutrients from soil and nitrogen fixation in leaves. Additionally, some endophytes can engage 'priming' plants which elicit a faster and stronger plant defense once pathogens attack. Due to these plant growth-promoting effects, endophytic bacteria are being widely explored for their use in the improvement of crop performance. Updating the insights into the mechanism of endophytic bacterial colonization and interactions with plants is an important step in potentially manipulating endophytic bacteria/microbiome for viable strategies to improve agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lilia C. Carvalhais
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Crawford
- Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugenie Singh
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul G. Dennis
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Corné M. J. Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peer M. Schenk
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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134
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Domonkos Á, Kovács S, Gombár A, Kiss E, Horváth B, Kováts GZ, Farkas A, Tóth MT, Ayaydin F, Bóka K, Fodor L, Ratet P, Kereszt A, Endre G, Kaló P. NAD1 Controls Defense-Like Responses in Medicago truncatula Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Nodules Following Rhizobial Colonization in a BacA-Independent Manner. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E387. [PMID: 29240711 PMCID: PMC5748705 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes form endosymbiotic interaction with host compatible rhizobia, resulting in the development of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Within symbiotic nodules, rhizobia are intracellularly accommodated in plant-derived membrane compartments, termed symbiosomes. In mature nodule, the massively colonized cells tolerate the existence of rhizobia without manifestation of visible defense responses, indicating the suppression of plant immunity in the nodule in the favur of the symbiotic partner. Medicago truncatulaDNF2 (defective in nitrogen fixation 2) and NAD1 (nodules with activated defense 1) genes are essential for the control of plant defense during the colonization of the nitrogen-fixing nodule and are required for bacteroid persistence. The previously identified nodule-specific NAD1 gene encodes a protein of unknown function. Herein, we present the analysis of novel NAD1 mutant alleles to better understand the function of NAD1 in the repression of immune responses in symbiotic nodules. By exploiting the advantage of plant double and rhizobial mutants defective in establishing nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction, we show that NAD1 functions following the release of rhizobia from the infection threads and colonization of nodule cells. The suppression of plant defense is self-dependent of the differentiation status of the rhizobia. The corresponding phenotype of nad1 and dnf2 mutants and the similarity in the induction of defense-associated genes in both mutants suggest that NAD1 and DNF2 operate close together in the same pathway controlling defense responses in symbiotic nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Domonkos
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Szilárd Kovács
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Gombár
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Ernő Kiss
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Beatrix Horváth
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Gyöngyi Z Kováts
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Attila Farkas
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mónika T Tóth
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Károly Bóka
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lili Fodor
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Attila Kereszt
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Endre
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Kaló
- National Agricultural and Innovation Center, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
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135
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Daubech B, Remigi P, Doin de Moura G, Marchetti M, Pouzet C, Auriac MC, Gokhale CS, Masson-Boivin C, Capela D. Spatio-temporal control of mutualism in legumes helps spread symbiotic nitrogen fixation. eLife 2017; 6:e28683. [PMID: 29022875 PMCID: PMC5687860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualism is of fundamental importance in ecosystems. Which factors help to keep the relationship mutually beneficial and evolutionarily successful is a central question. We addressed this issue for one of the most significant mutualistic interactions on Earth, which associates plants of the leguminosae family and hundreds of nitrogen (N2)-fixing bacterial species. Here we analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of fixers and non-fixers along the symbiotic process in the Cupriavidus taiwanensis-Mimosa pudica system. N2-fixing symbionts progressively outcompete isogenic non-fixers within root nodules, where N2-fixation occurs, even when they share the same nodule. Numerical simulations, supported by experimental validation, predict that rare fixers will invade a population dominated by non-fixing bacteria during serial nodulation cycles with a probability that is function of initial inoculum, plant population size and nodulation cycle length. Our findings provide insights into the selective forces and ecological factors that may have driven the spread of the N2-fixation mutualistic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Daubech
- The Laboratory of Plant-Microbe InteractionsUniversité de Toulouse, INRA, CNRSCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Philippe Remigi
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced StudyMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Ginaini Doin de Moura
- The Laboratory of Plant-Microbe InteractionsUniversité de Toulouse, INRA, CNRSCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Marta Marchetti
- The Laboratory of Plant-Microbe InteractionsUniversité de Toulouse, INRA, CNRSCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Cécile Pouzet
- Fédération de Recherches Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, Plateforme d’Imagerie TRI, CNRS - UPSCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Marie-Christine Auriac
- The Laboratory of Plant-Microbe InteractionsUniversité de Toulouse, INRA, CNRSCastanet-TolosanFrance
- Fédération de Recherches Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, Plateforme d’Imagerie TRI, CNRS - UPSCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Chaitanya S Gokhale
- Research Group for Theoretical Models of Eco-evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Evolutionary TheoryMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary BiologyPlönGermany
| | - Catherine Masson-Boivin
- The Laboratory of Plant-Microbe InteractionsUniversité de Toulouse, INRA, CNRSCastanet-TolosanFrance
| | - Delphine Capela
- The Laboratory of Plant-Microbe InteractionsUniversité de Toulouse, INRA, CNRSCastanet-TolosanFrance
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136
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Furlan AL, Bianucci E, Castro S, Dietz KJ. Metabolic features involved in drought stress tolerance mechanisms in peanut nodules and their contribution to biological nitrogen fixation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:12-22. [PMID: 28818367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Legumes belong to the most important crops worldwide. They increase soil fertility due their ability to establish symbiotic associations with soil microorganisms, known as rhizobia, capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere. However, they are frequently exposed to abiotic stress conditions in particular drought. Such adverse conditions impair the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and depend largely on the legume. Therefore, two peanut cultivars with contrasting tolerance to drought, namely the more tolerant EC-98 and the sensitive Granoleico, were investigated to elucidate the relative contribution of BNF to the tolerance to drought. The tolerant cultivar EC-98 sustained growth and BNF similar to the control condition despite the reduced water potential and photosynthesis, suggesting the functioning of distinct metabolic pathways that contributed to enhance the tolerance. The biochemical and metabolomics approaches revealed that nodules from the tolerant cultivar accumulated trehalose, proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), metabolites with known function in protecting against drought stress. The amide metabolism was severely affected in nodules from the sensitive cultivar Granoleico as revealed by the low content of asparagine and glutamine in the drought stressed plants. The sensitive cultivar upon rehydration was unable to re-establish a metabolism similar to well-watered plants. This was evidenced by the low level of metabolites and, transcripts and specific activities of enzymes from the carbon (sucrose synthase) and nitrogen (glutamine synthetase) metabolism which decreased below the values of control plants. Therefore, the increased content of metabolites with protective functions under drought stress likely is crucial for the full restoration upon rehydration. Smaller changes of drought stress-related metabolites in nodule are another trait that contributes to the effective control of BNF in the tolerant peanut cultivar (EC-98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Furlan
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Eliana Bianucci
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stella Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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137
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Busset N, Di Lorenzo F, Palmigiano A, Sturiale L, Gressent F, Fardoux J, Gully D, Chaintreuil C, Molinaro A, Silipo A, Giraud E. The Very Long Chain Fatty Acid (C 26:25OH) Linked to the Lipid A Is Important for the Fitness of the Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium Strain ORS278 and the Establishment of a Successful Symbiosis with Aeschynomene Legumes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1821. [PMID: 28983292 PMCID: PMC5613085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In rhizobium strains, the lipid A is modified by the addition of a very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) shown to play an important role in rigidification of the outer membrane, thereby facilitating their dual life cycle, outside and inside the plant. In Bradyrhizobium strains, the lipid A is more complex with the presence of at least two VLCFAs, one covalently linked to a hopanoid molecule, but the importance of these modifications is not well-understood. In this study, we identified a cluster of VLCFA genes in the photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium strain ORS278, which nodulates Aeschynomene plants in a Nod factor-independent process. We tried to mutate the different genes of the VLCFA gene cluster to prevent the synthesis of the VLCFAs, but only one mutant in the lpxXL gene encoding an acyltransferase was obtained. Structural analysis of the lipid A showed that LpxXL is involved in the transfer of the C26:25OH VLCFA to the lipid A but not in the one of the C30:29OH VLCFA which harbors the hopanoid molecule. Despite maintaining the second VLCFA, the ability of the mutant to cope with various stresses (low pH, high temperature, high osmolarity, and antimicrobial peptides) and to establish an efficient nitrogen-fixing symbiosis was drastically reduced. In parallel, we investigated whether the BRADO0045 gene, which encodes a putative acyltransferase displaying a weak identity with the apo-lipoprotein N-acyltransferase Lnt, could be involved in the transfer of the C30:29OH VLCFA to the lipid A. Although the mutant exhibited phenotypes similar to the lpxXL mutant, no difference in the lipid A structure was observed from that in the wild-type strain, indicating that this gene is not involved in the modification of lipid A. Our results advance our knowledge of the biosynthesis pathway and the role of VLCFAs-modified lipid A in free-living and symbiotic states of Bradyrhizobium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Busset
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD, SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpellier, CIRADMontpellier, France
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCatania, Italy
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCatania, Italy
| | - Frederic Gressent
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD, SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpellier, CIRADMontpellier, France
| | - Joël Fardoux
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD, SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpellier, CIRADMontpellier, France
| | - Djamel Gully
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD, SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpellier, CIRADMontpellier, France
| | - Clémence Chaintreuil
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD, SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpellier, CIRADMontpellier, France
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Eric Giraud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD, SupAgro, INRA, Université de Montpellier, CIRADMontpellier, France
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138
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Songwattana P, Noisangiam R, Teamtisong K, Prakamhang J, Teulet A, Tittabutr P, Piromyou P, Boonkerd N, Giraud E, Teaumroong N. Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) of Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 and Its Roles in Legume Symbiosis and Rice Endophytic Association. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1810. [PMID: 28979252 PMCID: PMC5611442 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 strain isolated from a paddy field has the ability to nodulate a wide spectrum of legumes. Unlike other bradyrhizobia, this strain has a symbiotic plasmid harboring nod, nif, and type 3 secretion system (T3SS) genes. This T3SS cluster contains all the genes necessary for the formation of the secretory apparatus and the transcriptional activator (TtsI), which is preceded by a nod-box motif. An in silico search predicted 14 effectors putatively translocated by this T3SS machinery. In this study, we explored the role of the T3SS in the symbiotic performance of DOA9 by evaluating the ability of a T3SS mutant (ΩrhcN) to nodulate legumes belonging to Dalbergioid, Millettioid, and Genistoid tribes. Among the nine species tested, four (Arachis hypogea, Vigna radiata, Crotalaria juncea, and Macroptilium atropurpureum) responded positively to the rhcN mutation (ranging from suppression of plant defense reactions, an increase in the number of nodules and a dramatic improvement in nodule development and infection), one (Stylosanthes hamata) responded negatively (fewer nodules and less nitrogen fixation) and four species (Aeschynomene americana, Aeschynomene afraspera, Indigofera tinctoria, and Desmodium tortuosum) displayed no phenotype. We also tested the role of the T3SS in the ability of the DOA9 strain to endophytically colonize rice roots, but detected no effect of the T3SS mutation, in contrast to what was previously reported in the Bradyrhizobium SUTN9-2 strain. Taken together, these data indicate that DOA9 contains a functional T3SS that interferes with the ability of the strain to interact symbiotically with legumes but not with rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Songwattana
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Rujirek Noisangiam
- National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards, Ministry of Agriculture and CooperativesBangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonluck Teamtisong
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Janpen Prakamhang
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology IsanNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Albin Teulet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRA/Univ. Montpellier/CIRADMontpellier, France
| | - Panlada Tittabutr
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pongdet Piromyou
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nantakorn Boonkerd
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Eric Giraud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, LSTM, UMR IRD/SupAgro/INRA/Univ. Montpellier/CIRADMontpellier, France
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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139
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Burghardt LT, Guhlin J, Chun CL, Liu J, Sadowsky MJ, Stupar RM, Young ND, Tiffin P. Transcriptomic basis of genome by genome variation in a legume‐rhizobia mutualism. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6122-6135. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana T. Burghardt
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Joseph Guhlin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Chan Lan Chun
- BioTechnology Institute University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | | | - Robert M. Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Nevin D. Young
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Peter Tiffin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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140
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Wang X, Teng Y, Zhang N, Christie P, Li Z, Luo Y, Wang J. Rhizobial symbiosis alleviates polychlorinated biphenyls-induced systematic oxidative stress via brassinosteroids signaling in alfalfa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:68-77. [PMID: 28314132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of symbiotic rhizobia in the alleviation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-induced phytotoxicity in alfalfa and the brassinosteroid (BR) hormone signaling involved were investigated during phytoremediation. The association between alfalfa and Sinorhizobium meliloti was adopted as a remediation model. Phytotoxicity due to PCB 77 (3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) exerted adverse impacts on plant performance (biomass accumulation and photosynthesis) and elicited cellular oxidative stress (overproduction of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cell necrosis) which was largely attenuated by pre-inoculation with S. meliloti strain NM. The protective role may have been achieved as a result of strengthening of basic antioxidant defense before stress as evidenced by the augmented activity and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase) of both leaves and roots. In nodulated seedlings peroxidase showed additive increased activity following PCB exposure but the activities of the other four enzymes tended to remain stable after stress. Furthermore, application of strain NM and brassinolide both triggered the accumulation of endogenous BRs and the antioxidant network, while pre-treatment of seedlings with a biosynthetic inhibitor of BRs, brassinazole, abolished the rhizobia-induced activation of detoxification responses towards PCB. These observations indicate that association with S. meliloti NM enhanced the systemic antioxidant defenses of alfalfa to detoxify PCB, at least in part, via BR-dependent signaling pathways. These results contribute to our knowledge of the 'logistic role' played by rhizobia in assisting the phytoremediation of PCB-contaminated soils and suggest an optimum manipulation strategy for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhengao Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Chongqing Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
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141
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Hacquard S, Spaepen S, Garrido-Oter R, Schulze-Lefert P. Interplay Between Innate Immunity and the Plant Microbiota. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:565-589. [PMID: 28645232 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system of plants recognizes microbial pathogens and terminates their growth. However, recent findings suggest that at least one layer of this system is also engaged in cooperative plant-microbe interactions and influences host colonization by beneficial microbial communities. This immune layer involves sensing of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate quantitative immune responses to control host-microbial load, whereas diversification of MAMPs and PRRs emerges as a mechanism that locally sculpts microbial assemblages in plant populations. This suggests a more complex microbial management role of the innate immune system for controlled accommodation of beneficial microbes and in pathogen elimination. The finding that similar molecular strategies are deployed by symbionts and pathogens to dampen immune responses is consistent with this hypothesis but implies different selective pressures on the immune system due to contrasting outcomes on plant fitness. The reciprocal interplay between microbiota and the immune system likely plays a critical role in shaping beneficial plant-microbiota combinations and maintaining microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Hacquard
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Stijn Spaepen
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Ruben Garrido-Oter
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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142
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Brader G, Compant S, Vescio K, Mitter B, Trognitz F, Ma LJ, Sessitsch A. Ecology and Genomic Insights into Plant-Pathogenic and Plant-Nonpathogenic Endophytes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:61-83. [PMID: 28489497 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are colonized on their surfaces and in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere by a multitude of different microorganisms and are inhabited internally by endophytes. Most endophytes act as commensals without any known effect on their plant host, but multiple bacteria and fungi establish a mutualistic relationship with plants, and some act as pathogens. The outcome of these plant-microbe interactions depends on biotic and abiotic environmental factors and on the genotype of the host and the interacting microorganism. In addition, endophytic microbiota and the manifold interactions between members, including pathogens, have a profound influence on the function of the system plant and the development of pathobiomes. In this review, we elaborate on the differences and similarities between nonpathogenic and pathogenic endophytes in terms of host plant response, colonization strategy, and genome content. We furthermore discuss environmental effects and biotic interactions within plant microbiota that influence pathogenesis and the pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Brader
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Kathryn Vescio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Friederike Trognitz
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
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143
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Plant signalling in symbiosis and immunity. Nature 2017; 543:328-336. [PMID: 28300100 DOI: 10.1038/nature22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root-soil interface, that can invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between plants and microorganisms include those that promote plant growth by facilitating the acquisition of limiting nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. But while promoting such symbiotic relationships, plants must restrict the formation of pathogenic associations. Achieving this balance requires the perception of potential invading microorganisms through the signals that they produce, followed by the activation of either symbiotic responses that promote microbial colonization or immune responses that limit it.
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144
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Ranf S. Sensing of molecular patterns through cell surface immune receptors. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 38:68-77. [PMID: 28501024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sensing of Pathogen/Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) and host-derived Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) by host cell surface Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) activates Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). The identification of an increasing number of immunogenic patterns and PRRs illustrates that PTI is a universal defence mechanism against pathogens, pests, and parasitic plants, and that evolutionary selective pressure drives diversification of molecular patterns and diversity of PRRs. Further advances unravelled how some prototypical PRRs get activated to initiate metabolic adaptation and defence responses that stop invaders. Deeper insights into the repertoire of PRRs will reveal how plants manage to mount appropriate defence against diverse kinds of invaders and how we can biotechnologically exploit nature's design for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ranf
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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145
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Cernava T, Erlacher A, Aschenbrenner IA, Krug L, Lassek C, Riedel K, Grube M, Berg G. Deciphering functional diversification within the lichen microbiota by meta-omics. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:82. [PMID: 28724401 PMCID: PMC5518139 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence of specific bacterial communities extended the traditional concept of fungal-algal lichen symbioses by a further organismal kingdom. Although functional roles were already assigned to dominant members of the highly diversified microbiota, a substantial fraction of the ubiquitous colonizers remained unexplored. We employed a multi-omics approach to further characterize functional guilds in an unconventional model system. RESULTS The general community structure of the lichen-associated microbiota was shown to be highly similar irrespective of the employed omics approach. Five highly abundant bacterial orders-Sphingomonadales, Rhodospirillales, Myxococcales, Chthoniobacterales, and Sphingobacteriales-harbor functions that are of substantial importance for the holobiome. Identified functions range from the provision of vitamins and cofactors to the degradation of phenolic compounds like phenylpropanoid, xylenols, and cresols. CONCLUSIONS Functions that facilitate the persistence of Lobaria pulmonaria under unfavorable conditions were present in previously overlooked fractions of the microbiota. So far, unrecognized groups like Chthoniobacterales (Verrucomicrobia) emerged as functional protectors in the lichen microbiome. By combining multi-omics and imaging techniques, we highlight previously overlooked participants in the complex microenvironment of the lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnolgy GmbH, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Erlacher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Aline Aschenbrenner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Krug
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Lassek
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Strasse 15, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Strasse 15, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
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146
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Plant Lectins and Lectin Receptor-Like Kinases: How Do They Sense the Outside? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061164. [PMID: 28561754 PMCID: PMC5485988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are fundamental to plant life and have important roles in cell-to-cell communication; development and defence strategies. At the cell surface; lectins are present both as soluble proteins (LecPs) and as chimeric proteins: lectins are then the extracellular domains of receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) and receptor-like proteins (LecRLPs). In this review; we first describe the domain architectures of proteins harbouring G-type; L-type; LysM and malectin carbohydrate-binding domains. We then focus on the functions of LecPs; LecRLKs and LecRLPs referring to the biological processes they are involved in and to the ligands they recognize. Together; LecPs; LecRLKs and LecRLPs constitute versatile recognition systems at the cell surface contributing to the detection of symbionts and pathogens; and/or involved in monitoring of the cell wall structure and cell growth.
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147
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Chen T, Duan L, Zhou B, Yu H, Zhu H, Cao Y, Zhang Z. Interplay of Pathogen-Induced Defense Responses and Symbiotic Establishment in Medicago truncatula. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:973. [PMID: 28611764 PMCID: PMC5447765 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of host innate immunity appears to be required for the establishment of symbiosis between rhizobia and host plants. In this study, we established a system that included a host plant, a bacterial pathogen and a symbiotic rhizobium to study the role of innate immunity during symbiotic interactions. A pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pst DC3000), was shown to cause chlorosis in Medicago truncatula A17. Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Sm2011 (Sm2011) and Pst DC3000 strain alone induced similar defense responses in M. truncatula. However, when co-inoculated, Sm2011 specifically suppressed the defense responses induced by Pst DC3000, such as MAPK activation and ROS production. Inoculation with Sm2011 suppressed the transcription of defense-related genes triggered by Pst DC3000 infection, including the receptor of bacterial flagellin (FLS2), pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR10), and the transcription factor WRKY33. Interestingly, inoculation with Pst DC3000 specifically inhibited the expression of the symbiosis marker genes nodule inception and nodulation pectate lyase and reduced the numbers of infection threads and nodules on M. truncatula A17 roots, indicating that Pst DC3000 inhibits the establishment of symbiosis in M. truncatula. In addition, defense-related genes, such as MAPK3/6, RbohC, and WRKY33, exhibited a transient increase in their expression in the early stage of symbiosis with Sm2011, but the expression dropped down to normal levels at later symbiotic stages. Our results suggest that plant innate immunity plays an antagonistic role in symbiosis by directly reducing the numbers of infection threads and nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Liujian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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148
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Cao Y, Halane MK, Gassmann W, Stacey G. The Role of Plant Innate Immunity in the Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:535-561. [PMID: 28142283 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A classic view of the evolution of mutualism is that it derives from a pathogenic relationship that attenuated over time to a situation in which both partners can benefit. If this is the case for rhizobia, then one might uncover features of the symbiosis that reflect this earlier pathogenic state. For example, as with plant pathogens, it is now generally assumed that rhizobia actively suppress the host immune response to allow infection and symbiosis establishment. Likewise, the host has retained mechanisms to control the nutrient supply to the symbionts and the number of nodules so that they do not become too burdensome. The open question is whether such events are strictly ancillary to the central symbiotic nodulation factor signaling pathway or are essential for rhizobial host infection. Subsequent to these early infection events, plant immune responses can also be induced inside nodules and likely play a role in, for example, nodule senescence. Thus, a balanced regulation of innate immunity is likely required throughout rhizobial infection, symbiotic establishment, and maintenance. In this review, we discuss the significance of plant immune responses in the regulation of symbiotic associations with rhizobia, as well as rhizobial evasion of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Morgan K Halane
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211;
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149
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Kroll S, Agler MT, Kemen E. Genomic dissection of host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions for advanced plant breeding. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 36:71-78. [PMID: 28235716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces many emerging challenges to sustainability, including limited nutrient resources, losses from diseases caused by current and emerging pathogens and environmental degradation. Microorganisms have great importance for plant growth and performance, including the potential to increase yields, nutrient uptake and pathogen resistance. An urgent need is therefore to understand and engineer plants and their associated microbial communities. Recent massive genomic sequencing of host plants and associated microbes offers resources to identify novel mechanisms of communal assembly mediated by the host. For example, host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions are involved in niche formation, thereby contributing to colonization. By leveraging genomic resources, genetic traits underlying those mechanisms will become important resources to design plants selecting and hosting beneficial microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kroll
- Max Planck Research Group Fungal Biodiversity, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthew T Agler
- Max Planck Research Group Fungal Biodiversity, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric Kemen
- Max Planck Research Group Fungal Biodiversity, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
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150
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Glyan’ko AK, Ischenko AA. Immunity of a leguminous plant infected by nodular bacteria Rhizobium spp. F.: Review. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683817020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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