101
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Fan XY, Gao JF, Pan KL, Li DC, Dai HH. Temporal dynamics of bacterial communities and predicted nitrogen metabolism genes in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of bacterial communities and nitrogen metabolism genes in a full-scale WWTP as revealed by Illumina sequencing and PICRUSt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Jing-Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Kai-Ling Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Ding-Chang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Hui-Hui Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
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102
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, van Loosdrecht MCM, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Vahala R. Detection of comammox bacteria in full-scale wastewater treatment bioreactors using tag-454-pyrosequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:25501-25511. [PMID: 27783252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen cycle has been expanded with the recent discovery of Nitrospira strains that can conduct complete ammonium oxidation (commamox). Their importance in the nitrogen cycle within engineered ecosystems has not yet been analyzed. In this research, the community structure of the Bacteria domain of six full-scale activated sludge systems and three autotrophic nitrogen removal systems in the Netherlands and China has been investigated through tag-454-pyrosequencing. The phylogenetic analyses conducted in the present study showed that just a few of the Nitrospira sequences found in the bioreactors were comammox. Multivariate redundancy analysis of nitrifying genera showed an outcompetition of Nitrosomonas and non-comammox Nitrospira. Operational data from the bioreactors suggested that comammox could be favored at low temperature, low nitrogen substrate, and high dissolved oxygen. The non-ubiquity and low relative abundance of comammox in full-scale bioreactors suggested that this phylotype is not very relevant in the nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Built Environment, School of engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | | | - M C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Technical University of Delft, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Riku Vahala
- Department of Built Environment, School of engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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103
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Terashima M, Yama A, Sato M, Yumoto I, Kamagata Y, Kato S. Culture-Dependent and -Independent Identification of Polyphosphate-Accumulating Dechloromonas spp. Predominating in a Full-Scale Oxidation Ditch Wastewater Treatment Plant. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:449-455. [PMID: 27867159 PMCID: PMC5158118 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation ditch process is one of the most economical approaches currently used to simultaneously remove organic carbon, nitrogen, and also phosphorus (P) from wastewater. However, limited information is available on biological P removal in this process. In the present study, microorganisms contributing to P removal in a full-scale oxidation ditch reactor were investigated using culture-dependent and -independent approaches. A microbial community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that a phylotype closely related to Dechloromonas spp. in the family Rhodocyclaceae dominated in the oxidation ditch reactor. This dominant Dechloromonas sp. was successfully isolated and subjected to fluorescent staining for polyphosphate, followed by microscopic observations and a spectrofluorometric analysis, which clearly demonstrated that the Dechloromonas isolate exhibited a strong ability to accumulate polyphosphate within its cells. These results indicate the potential key role of Dechloromonas spp. in efficient P removal in the oxidation ditch wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Terashima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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104
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Wang P, Yu Z, Qi R, Zhang H. Detailed comparison of bacterial communities during seasonal sludge bulking in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:157-166. [PMID: 27614036 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pyrosequencing combined with clone library analysis, qPCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to identify detailed changes of bacterial and filamentous bacterial communities in activated sludge (AS) in 3 types of typical AS samples: sludge bulking (B-AS), excessive bulking (EB-AS), and non-bulking (N-AS). Sludge bulking resulted in a decrease in total bacterial numbers from (6.4 ± 0.18) × 108 gene copies/mL in N-AS to (2.4 ± 0.22) × 108 in EB-AS and a decrease in bacterial diversity from 2757 OTUs in N-AS to 2217 OTUs in EB-AS. With the occurrence of sludge bulking, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes increased sharply, whereas Proteobacteria, which was the predominant phylum in N-AS, decreased markedly. In addition, Nitrospirae, a major lineage of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, had quite a low abundance in EB-AS (0.15%), while it was relatively high in N-AS (1.17%). On the other hand, filamentous bacteria accounted for 28.77% and 5.72% of total sequences in EB-AS and N-AS, respectively. More interestingly, 11 types of filamentous bacteria were always present in 3 types of typical AS samples from different stages of sludge bulking, and most of them enriched in EB-AS compared to N-AS. It is noteworthy that, in addition to the frequently reported filamentous bacteria such as Candidatus M. parvicella and Tetrasphaera, novel filamentous species of Trichococcus might exist in this bulking WWTP. Our results reveal that sludge bulking are derived from diverse taxa, which expands previous understanding and provides new insight into the underlying complications of the bulking phenomenon in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Rong Qi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Hongxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
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105
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Valverde-Pérez B, Wágner DS, Lóránt B, Gülay A, Smets BF, Plósz BG. Short-sludge age EBPR process - Microbial and biochemical process characterisation during reactor start-up and operation. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 104:320-329. [PMID: 27570133 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The new paradigm for used water treatment suggests the use of short solid retention times (SRT) to minimize organic substrate mineralization and to maximize resource recovery. However, little is known about the microbes and the underlying biogeochemical mechanisms driving these short-SRT systems. In this paper, we report the start-up and operation of a short-SRT enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with preclarified municipal wastewater, which is supplemented with propionate. The microbial community was analysed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. During start-up (SRT = 8 d), the EBPR was removing up to 99% of the influent phosphate and completely oxidized the incoming ammonia. Furthermore, the sludge showed excellent settling properties. However, once the SRT was shifted to 3.5 days nitrification was inhibited and bacteria of the Thiothrix taxon proliferated in the reactor, thereby leading to filamentous bulking (sludge volume index up to SVI = 1100 mL/g). Phosphorus removal deteriorated during this period, likely due to the out-competition of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). Subsequently, SRB activity was suppressed by reducing the anaerobic SRT from 1.2 day to 0.68 day, with a consequent rapid SVI decrease to ∼200 ml/g. The short-SRT EBPR effectively removed phosphate and nitrification was mitigated at SRT = 3 days and oxygen levels ranging from 2 to 3 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Dorottya S Wágner
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bálint Lóránt
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arda Gülay
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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106
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Weerasekara AW, Jenkins S, Abbott LK, Waite I, McGrath JW, Larma I, Eroglu E, O'Donnell A, Whiteley AS. Microbial phylogenetic and functional responses within acidified wastewater communities exhibiting enhanced phosphate uptake. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:55-61. [PMID: 27566512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acid stimulated accumulation of insoluble phosphorus within microbial cells is highly beneficial to wastewater treatment but remains largely unexplored. Using single cell analyses and next generation sequencing, the response of active polyphosphate accumulating microbial communities under conditions of enhanced phosphorus uptake under both acidic and aerobic conditions was characterised. Phosphorus accumulation activities were highest under acidic conditions (pH 5.5>8.5), where a significant positive effect on bioaccumulation was observed at pH 5.5 when compared to pH 8.5. In contrast to the Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated enhanced biological phosphorus removal process, the functionally active polyP accumulators at pH 5.5 belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria, with key accumulators identified as members of the families Aeromonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. This study demonstrated a significant enrichment of key polyphosphate kinase and exopolyphosphatase genes within the community metagenome after acidification, concomitant with an increase in P accumulation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani W Weerasekara
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sasha Jenkins
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lynette K Abbott
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian Waite
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John W McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, The Queens University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Irma Larma
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ela Eroglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony O'Donnell
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew S Whiteley
- School of Earth and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
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107
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Zhang M, Yang Q, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang S, Peng Y. Enhancement of denitrifying phosphorus removal and microbial community of long-term operation in an anaerobic anoxic oxic–biological contact oxidation system. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:456-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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108
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Insights into microbial diversity in wastewater treatment systems: How far have we come? Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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109
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Zielińska M, Rusanowska P, Jarząbek J, Nielsen JL. Community dynamics of denitrifying bacteria in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2358-2367. [PMID: 26932371 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1150350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective and stable nitrogen removal from wastewater requires abundant and active denitrifying populations. In this study, a one-year investigation of the population dynamics of phylogenetic groups known to harbor nitrate reducers was conducted in three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The bacterial community composition was determined by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and putative nitrate reducers were identified by sequencing narG and napA genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes targeting known nitrate reducers in wastewater revealed that certain bacteria predominated in the WWTPs: Curvibacter-related bacteria, Comamonadaceae, Azoarcus, Thauera, Dechloromonas, and Candidatus Accumulibacter within Rhodocyclaceae. The data showed high diversity in the nitrate-reducing community and a large degree of redundancy, with a relatively stable core group of bacteria in each plant that ensured small yearly variation in nitrate reduction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Joanna Jarząbek
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- b Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
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110
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Ziegler AS, McIlroy SJ, Larsen P, Albertsen M, Hansen AA, Heinen N, Nielsen PH. Dynamics of the Fouling Layer Microbial Community in a Membrane Bioreactor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158811. [PMID: 27399199 PMCID: PMC4939938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fouling presents the greatest challenge to the application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. Formation of biofilms on the membrane surface is the suggested cause, yet little is known of the composition or dynamics of the microbial community responsible. To gain an insight into this important question, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with a curated taxonomy and fluorescent in situ hybridization to monitor the community of a pilot-scale MBR carrying out enhanced biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal with municipal wastewater. In order to track the dynamics of the fouling process, we concurrently investigated the communities of the biofilm, MBR bulk sludge, and the conventional activated sludge system used to seed the MBR system over several weeks from start-up. As the biofilm matured the initially abundant betaproteobacterial genera Limnohabitans, Hydrogenophaga and Malikia were succeeded by filamentous Chloroflexi and Gordonia as the abundant species. This study indicates that, although putative pioneer species appear, the biofilm became increasingly similar to the bulk community with time. This suggests that the microbial population in bulk water will largely determine the community structure of the mature biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S. Ziegler
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J. McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Poul Larsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aviaja A. Hansen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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111
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Mieczkowski D, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Rusanowska P, Świątczak P. Temperature-induced changes in treatment efficiency and microbial structure of aerobic granules treating landfill leachate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:91. [PMID: 27116957 PMCID: PMC4848331 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of temperature on nitrogen and carbon removal by aerobic granules from landfill leachate with a high ammonium concentration and low concentration of biodegradable organics. The study was conducted in three stages; firstly the operating temperature of the batch reactor with aerobic granules was maintained at 29 °C, then at 25 °C, and finally at 20 °C. It was found that a gradual decrease in operational temperature allowed the nitrogen-converting community in the granules to acclimate, ensuring efficient nitrification even at ambient temperature (20 °C). Ammonium was fully removed from leachate regardless of the temperature, but higher operational temperatures resulted in higher ammonium removal rates [up to 44.2 mg/(L h) at 29 °C]. Lowering the operational temperature from 29 to 20 °C decreased nitrite accumulation in the GSBR cycle. The highest efficiency of total nitrogen removal was achieved at 25 °C (36.8 ± 10.9 %). The COD removal efficiency did not exceed 50 %. Granules constituted 77, 80 and 83 % of the biomass at 29, 25 and 20 °C, respectively. Ammonium was oxidized by both aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. Accumulibacter sp., Thauera sp., cultured Tetrasphaera PAO and Azoarcus-Thauera cluster occurred in granules independent of the temperature. Lower temperatures favored the occurrence of denitrifiers of Zooglea lineage (not Z. resiniphila), bacteria related to Comamonadaceae, Curvibacter sp., Azoarcus cluster, Rhodobacter sp., Roseobacter sp. and Acidovorax spp. At lower temperatures, the increased abundance of denitrifiers compensated for the lowered enzymatic activity of the biomass and ensured that nitrogen removal at 20 °C was similar to that at 25 °C and significantly higher than removal at 29 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Mieczkowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
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112
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Kindaichi T, Yamaoka S, Uehara R, Ozaki N, Ohashi A, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Nielsen JL. Phylogenetic diversity and ecophysiology of Candidate phylum Saccharibacteria in activated sludge. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw078. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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113
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Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Zielińska M. Bacterial communities in full-scale wastewater treatment systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:66. [PMID: 26931606 PMCID: PMC4773473 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolism determines the effectiveness of biological treatment of wastewater. Therefore, it is important to define the relations between the species structure and the performance of full-scale installations. Although there is much laboratory data on microbial consortia, our understanding of dependencies between the microbial structure and operational parameters of full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is limited. This mini-review presents the types of microbial consortia in WWTP. Information is given on extracellular polymeric substances production as factor that is key for formation of spatial structures of microorganisms. Additionally, we discuss data on microbial groups including nitrifiers, denitrifiers, Anammox bacteria, and phosphate- and glycogen-accumulating bacteria in full-scale aerobic systems that was obtained with the use of molecular techniques, including high-throughput sequencing, to shed light on dependencies between the microbial ecology of biomass and the overall efficiency and functional stability of wastewater treatment systems. Sludge bulking in WWTPs is addressed, as well as the microbial composition of consortia involved in antibiotic and micropollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
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114
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Liu Y, Su X, Lu L, Ding L, Shen C. A novel approach to enhance biological nutrient removal using a culture supernatant from Micrococcus luteus containing resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) in SBR process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4498-4508. [PMID: 26514565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A culture supernatant from Micrococcus luteus containing resuscitation-promoting factor (SRpf) was used to enhance the biological nutrient removal of potentially functional bacteria. The obtained results suggest that SRpf accelerated the start-up process and significantly enhanced the biological nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). PO4 (3-)-P removal efficiency increased by over 12 % and total nitrogen removal efficiency increased by over 8 % in treatment reactor acclimated by SRpf compared with those without SRpf addition. The Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that SRpf played an essential role in shifts in the composition and diversity of bacterial community. The phyla of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which were closely related to biological nutrient removal, were greatly abundant after SRpf addition. This study demonstrates that SRpf acclimation or addition might hold great potential as an efficient and cost-effective alternative for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to meet more stringent operation conditions and legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomei Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxian Ding
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866#, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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115
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Xia Y, Hu M, Wen X, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhou J. Diversity and interactions of microbial functional genes under differing environmental conditions: insights from a membrane bioreactor and an oxidation ditch. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18509. [PMID: 26743465 PMCID: PMC4705467 DOI: 10.1038/srep18509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of environmental conditions on the diversity and interactions of microbial communities has caused tremendous interest in microbial ecology. Here, we found that with identical influents but differing operational parameters (mainly mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations, solid retention time (SRT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations), two full-scale municipal wastewater treatment systems applying oxidation ditch (OD) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes harbored a majority of shared genes (87.2%) but had different overall functional gene structures as revealed by two datasets of 12-day time-series generated by a functional gene array-GeoChip 4.2. Association networks of core carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling genes in each system based on random matrix theory (RMT) showed different topological properties and the MBR nodes showed an indication of higher connectivity. MLSS and DO were shown to be effective in shaping functional gene structures of the systems by statistical analyses. Higher MLSS concentrations resulting in decreased resource availability of the MBR system were thought to promote positive interactions of important functional genes. Together, these findings show the differences of functional potentials of some bioprocesses caused by differing environmental conditions and suggest that higher stress of resource limitation increased positive gene interactions in the MBR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Man Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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116
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Comparison of bacterial communities of conventional and A-stage activated sludge systems. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18786. [PMID: 26728449 PMCID: PMC4700461 DOI: 10.1038/srep18786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial community structure of 10 different wastewater treatment systems and their influents has been investigated through pyrosequencing, yielding a total of 283486 reads. These bioreactors had different technological configurations: conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems and very highly loaded A-stage systems. A-stage processes are proposed as the first step in an energy producing municipal wastewater treatment process. Pyrosequencing analysis indicated that bacterial community structure of all influents was similar. Also the bacterial community of all CAS bioreactors was similar. Bacterial community structure of A-stage bioreactors showed a more case-specific pattern. A core of genera was consistently found for all influents, all CAS bioreactors and all A-stage bioreactors, respectively, showing that different geographical locations in The Netherlands and Spain did not affect the functional bacterial communities in these technologies. The ecological roles of these bacteria were discussed. Influents and A-stage bioreactors shared several core genera, while none of these were shared with CAS bioreactors communities. This difference is thought to reside in the different operational conditions of the two technologies. This study shows that bacterial community structure of CAS and A-stage bioreactors are mostly driven by solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT), as suggested by multivariate redundancy analysis.
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117
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Miłobędzka A, Witeska A, Muszyński A. Factors affecting population of filamentous bacteria in wastewater treatment plants with nutrients removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:790-797. [PMID: 26901721 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous population in activated sludge and key operational parameters of full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with bulking problems representative for Poland were investigated with quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. Statistical analyses revealed few relationships between operational parameters and biovolume of filamentous bacteria. Sludge age was not only positively correlated with abundance of Chloroflexi (parametric correlation and principal component analysis (PCA)), but also differentiated Microthrix population (analysis of variance (ANOVA)). Phylum Chloroflexi and pH presented a negative relation during the study (PCA). ANOVA showed that pH of influent and sludge volume index (SVI) differentiated abundance of types 0803 and 1851 of Chloroflexi and candidate division TM7. SVI increased along with higher abundance of Microthrix (positive parametric and non-parametric correlations and positive relation in PCA). Biovolumes of morphotypes 0803 and 1851 of Chloroflexi were differentiated by organic matter in influent, also by nutrients in the case of Chloroflexi type 1851. Chemical and biological oxygen demands (COD and BOD5, respectively) were negatively correlated with Microthrix. COD also differentiated the abundance of Haliscomenobacter hydrossis. Results of the study can be used to prevent WWTPs from excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria and operational problems caused by them--bulking and foaming of activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Miłobędzka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland E-mail:
| | - Anna Witeska
- Department of Informatics and Environmental Quality Research, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Muszyński
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland E-mail:
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118
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Anoxic–aerobic SBR system for nitrate, phosphate and COD removal from high-strength wastewater and diversity study of microbial communities. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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119
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Extracellular Lipase and Protease Production from a Model Drinking Water Bacterial Community Is Functionally Robust to Absence of Individual Members. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143617. [PMID: 26599415 PMCID: PMC4657875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria secrete enzymes into the extracellular space to hydrolyze macromolecules into constituents that can be imported for microbial nutrition. In bacterial communities, these enzymes and their resultant products can be modeled as community property. Our goal was to investigate the impact of individual community member absence on the resulting community production of exoenzymes (extracellular enzymes) involved in lipid and protein hydrolysis. Our model community contained nine bacteria isolated from the potable water system of the International Space Station. Bacteria were grown in static conditions individually, all together, or in all combinations of eight species and exoproduct production was measured by colorimetric or fluorometric reagents to assess short chain and long chain lipases, choline-specific phospholipases C, and proteases. The exoenzyme production of each species grown alone varied widely, however, the enzyme activity levels of the mixed communities were functionally robust to absence of any single species, with the exception of phospholipase C production in one community. For phospholipase C, absence of Chryseobacterium gleum led to increased choline-specific phospholipase C production, correlated with increased growth of Burkholderia cepacia and Sphingomonas sanguinis. Because each individual species produced different enzyme activity levels in isolation, we calculated an expected activity value for each bacterial mixture using input levels or known final composition. This analysis suggested that robustness of each exoenzyme activity is not solely mediated by community composition, but possibly influenced by bacterial communication, which is known to regulate such pathways in many bacteria. We conclude that in this simplified model of a drinking water bacterial community, community structure imposes constraints on production and/or secretion of exoenzymes to generate a level appropriate to exploit a given nutrient environment.
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120
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Christensen ML, Keiding K, Nielsen PH, Jørgensen MK. Dewatering in biological wastewater treatment: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 82:14-24. [PMID: 25959073 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment removes organic materials, nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater using microbial biomass (activated sludge, biofilm, granules) which is separated from the liquid in a clarifier or by a membrane. Part of this biomass (excess sludge) is transported to digesters for bioenergy production and then dewatered, it is dewatered directly, often by using belt filters or decanter centrifuges before further handling, or it is dewatered by sludge mineralization beds. Sludge is generally difficult to dewater, but great variations in dewaterability are observed for sludges from different wastewater treatment plants as a consequence of differences in plant design and physical-chemical factors. This review gives an overview of key parameters affecting sludge dewatering, i.e. filtration and consolidation. The best dewaterability is observed for activated sludge that contains strong, compact flocs without single cells and dissolved extracellular polymeric substances. Polyvalent ions such as calcium ions improve floc strength and dewaterability, whereas sodium ions (e.g. from road salt, sea water intrusion, and industry) reduce dewaterability because flocs disintegrate at high conductivity. Dewaterability dramatically decreases at high pH due to floc disintegration. Storage under anaerobic conditions lowers dewaterability. High shear levels destroy the flocs and reduce dewaterability. Thus, pumping and mixing should be gentle and in pipes without sharp bends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristian Keiding
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederiks Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederiks Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Mads Koustrup Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederiks Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
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121
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McIlroy SJ, Awata T, Nierychlo M, Albertsen M, Kindaichi T, Nielsen PH. Characterization of the In Situ Ecophysiology of Novel Phylotypes in Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Treatment Plants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136424. [PMID: 26340564 PMCID: PMC4560404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An in depth understanding of the ecology of activated sludge nutrient removal wastewater treatment systems requires detailed knowledge of the community composition and metabolic activities of individual members. Recent 16S rRNA gene amplicon surveys of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal indicate the presence of a core set of bacterial genera. These organisms are likely responsible for the bulk of nutrient transformations underpinning the functions of these plants. While the basic activities of some of these genera in situ are known, there is little to no information for the majority. This study applied microautoradiography coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH) for the in situ characterization of selected genus-level-phylotypes for which limited physiological information is available. These included Sulfuritalea and A21b, both within the class Betaproteobacteria, as well as Kaga01, within sub-group 10 of the phylum Acidobacteria. While the Sulfuritalea spp. were observed to be metabolically versatile, the A21b and Kaga01 phylotypes appeared to be highly specialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jon McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Takanori Awata
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464–8603, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1–4–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739–8527, Japan
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1–4–1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739–8527, Japan
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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122
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Vannecke TPW, Volcke EIP. Modelling microbial competition in nitrifying biofilm reactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:2550-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. P. W. Vannecke
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - E. I. P. Volcke
- Department of Biosystems Engineering; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent Belgium
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123
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The activated sludge ecosystem contains a core community of abundant organisms. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 10:11-20. [PMID: 26262816 PMCID: PMC4681854 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the microbial ecology of a system requires that the observed population dynamics can be linked to their metabolic functions. However, functional characterization is laborious and the choice of organisms should be prioritized to those that are frequently abundant (core) or transiently abundant, which are therefore putatively make the greatest contribution to carbon turnover in the system. We analyzed the microbial communities in 13 Danish wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal in consecutive years and a single plant periodically over 6 years, using Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons of the V4 region. The plants contained a core community of 63 abundant genus-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that made up 68% of the total reads. A core community consisting of abundant OTUs was also observed within the incoming wastewater to three plants. The net growth rate for individual OTUs was quantified using mass balance, and it was found that 10% of the total reads in the activated sludge were from slow or non-growing OTUs, and that their measured abundance was primarily because of immigration with the wastewater. Transiently abundant organisms were also identified. Among them the genus Nitrotoga (class Betaproteobacteria) was the most abundant putative nitrite oxidizer in a number of activated sludge plants, which challenges previous assumptions that Nitrospira (phylum Nitrospirae) are the primary nitrite-oxidizers in activated sludge systems with nutrient removal.
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124
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Albertsen M, Karst SM, Ziegler AS, Kirkegaard RH, Nielsen PH. Back to Basics--The Influence of DNA Extraction and Primer Choice on Phylogenetic Analysis of Activated Sludge Communities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132783. [PMID: 26182345 PMCID: PMC4504704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA extraction and primer choice have a large effect on the observed community structure in all microbial amplicon sequencing analyses. Although the biases are well known, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted in activated sludge communities. In this study we systematically explored the impact of a number of parameters on the observed microbial community: bead beating intensity, primer choice, extracellular DNA removal, and various PCR settings. In total, 176 samples were subjected to 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and selected samples were investigated through metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization was used as a DNA extraction-independent method for qualitative comparison. In general, an effect on the observed community was found on all parameters tested, although bead beating and primer choice had the largest effect. The effect of bead beating intensity correlated with cell-wall strength as seen by a large increase in DNA from Gram-positive bacteria (up to 400%). However, significant differences were present at lower phylogenetic levels within the same phylum, suggesting that additional factors are at play. The best primer set based on in silico analysis was found to underestimate a number of important bacterial groups. For 16S rRNA gene analysis in activated sludge we recommend using the FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil with four times the normal bead beating and V1-3 primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M. Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anja S. Ziegler
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H. Kirkegaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H. Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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125
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Wong DHJ, Beiko RG. Transfer of energy pathway genes in microbial enhanced biological phosphorus removal communities. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:526. [PMID: 26173980 PMCID: PMC4502571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is an important evolutionary process in microbial evolution. In sewage treatment plants, LGT of antibiotic resistance and xenobiotic degradation-related proteins has been suggested, but the role of LGT outside these processes is unknown. Microbial communities involved in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) have been used to treat wastewater in the last 50 years and may provide insights into adaptation to an engineered environment. We introduce two different types of analysis to identify LGT in EBPR sewage communities, based on identifying assembled sequences with more than one strong taxonomic match, and on unusual phylogenetic patterns. We applied these methods to investigate the role of LGT in six energy-related metabolic pathways. RESULTS The analyses identified overlapping but non-identical sets of transferred enzymes. All of these were homologous with sequences from known mobile genetic elements, and many were also in close proximity to transposases and integrases in the EBPR data set. The taxonomic method had higher sensitivity than the phylogenetic method, identifying more potential LGTs. Both analyses identified the putative transfer of five enzymes within an Australian community, two in a Danish community, and none in a US-derived culture. CONCLUSIONS Our methods were able to identify sequences with unusual phylogenetic or compositional properties as candidate LGT events. The association of these candidates with known mobile elements supports the hypothesis of transfer. The results of our analysis strongly suggest that LGT has influenced the development of functionally important energy-related pathways in EBPR systems, but transfers may be unique to each community due to different operating conditions or taxonomic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H-J Wong
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Robert G Beiko
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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126
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McIlroy SJ, Saunders AM, Albertsen M, Nierychlo M, McIlroy B, Hansen AA, Karst SM, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH. MiDAS: the field guide to the microbes of activated sludge. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav062. [PMID: 26120139 PMCID: PMC4483311 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Microbial Database for Activated Sludge (MiDAS) field guide is a freely available online resource linking the identity of abundant and process critical microorganisms in activated sludge wastewater treatment systems to available data related to their functional importance. Phenotypic properties of some of these genera are described, but most are known only from sequence data. The MiDAS taxonomy is a manual curation of the SILVA taxonomy that proposes a name for all genus-level taxa observed to be abundant by large-scale 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of full-scale activated sludge communities. The taxonomy can be used to classify unknown sequences, and the online MiDAS field guide links the identity to the available information about their morphology, diversity, physiology and distribution. The use of a common taxonomy across the field will provide a solid foundation for the study of microbial ecology of the activated sludge process and related treatment processes. The online MiDAS field guide is a collaborative workspace intended to facilitate a better understanding of the ecology of activated sludge and related treatment processes—knowledge that will be an invaluable resource for the optimal design and operation of these systems. Database URL:http://www.midasfieldguide.org
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jon McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Aaron Marc Saunders
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Bianca McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Aviaja Anna Hansen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Søren Michael Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East DK-9220, Denmark
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127
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Lawson CE, Strachan BJ, Hanson NW, Hahn AS, Hall ER, Rabinowitz B, Mavinic DS, Ramey WD, Hallam SJ. Rare taxa have potential to make metabolic contributions in enhanced biological phosphorus removal ecosystems. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4979-93. [PMID: 25857222 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) relies on diverse but specialized microbial communities to mediate the cycling and ultimate removal of phosphorus from municipal wastewaters. However, little is known about microbial activity and dynamics in relation to process fluctuations in EBPR ecosystems. Here, we monitored temporal changes in microbial community structure and potential activity across each bioreactor zone in a pilot-scale EBPR treatment plant by examining the ratio of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) to SSU rRNA gene (rDNA) over a 120 day study period. Although the majority of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the EBPR ecosystem were rare, many maintained high potential activities based on SSU rRNA : rDNA ratios, suggesting that rare OTUs contribute substantially to protein synthesis potential in EBPR ecosystems. Few significant differences in OTU abundance and activity were observed between bioreactor redox zones, although differences in temporal activity were observed among phylogenetically cohesive OTUs. Moreover, observed temporal activity patterns could not be explained by measured process parameters, suggesting that other ecological drivers, such as grazing or viral lysis, modulated community interactions. Taken together, these results point towards complex interactions selected for within the EBPR ecosystem and highlight a previously unrecognized functional potential among low abundance microorganisms in engineered ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Lawson
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Blake J Strachan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Niels W Hanson
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aria S Hahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric R Hall
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Barry Rabinowitz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,CH2M Hill Canada, 4720 Kingsway Suite 2100, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Donald S Mavinic
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William D Ramey
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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128
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Intracellular Accumulation of Glycine in Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms in Activated Sludge, a Novel Storage Mechanism under Dynamic Anaerobic-Aerobic Conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4809-18. [PMID: 25956769 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01012-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic anaerobic-aerobic feast-famine conditions are applied to wastewater treatment plants to select polyphosphate-accumulating organisms to carry out enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Acetate is a well-known substrate to stimulate this process, and here we show that different amino acids also are suitable substrates, with glycine as the most promising. (13)C-labeled glycine and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were applied to investigate uptake and potential storage products when activated sludge was fed with glycine under anaerobic conditions. Glycine was consumed by the biomass, and the majority was stored intracellularly as free glycine and fermentation products. Subsequently, in the aerobic phase without addition of external substrate, the stored glycine was consumed. The uptake of glycine and oxidation of intracellular metabolites took place along with a release and uptake of orthophosphate, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization combined with microautoradiography using (3)H-labeled glycine revealed uncultured actinobacterial Tetrasphaera as a dominant glycine consumer. Experiments with Tetrasphaera elongata as representative of uncultured Tetrasphaera showed that under anaerobic conditions it was able to take up labeled glycine and accumulate this and other labeled metabolites to an intracellular concentration of approximately 4 mM. All components were consumed under subsequent aerobic conditions. Intracellular accumulation of amino acids seems to be a novel storage strategy for polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria under dynamic anaerobic-aerobic feast-famine conditions.
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129
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Helbling DE, Johnson DR, Lee TK, Scheidegger A, Fenner K. A framework for establishing predictive relationships between specific bacterial 16S rRNA sequence abundances and biotransformation rates. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 70:471-484. [PMID: 25594727 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rates at which wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) microbial communities biotransform specific substrates can differ by orders of magnitude among WWTP communities. Differences in taxonomic compositions among WWTP communities may predict differences in the rates of some types of biotransformations. In this work, we present a novel framework for establishing predictive relationships between specific bacterial 16S rRNA sequence abundances and biotransformation rates. We selected ten WWTPs with substantial variation in their environmental and operational metrics and measured the in situ ammonia biotransformation rate constants in nine of them. We isolated total RNA from samples from each WWTP and analyzed 16S rRNA sequence reads. We then developed multivariate models between the measured abundances of specific bacterial 16S rRNA sequence reads and the ammonia biotransformation rate constants. We constructed model scenarios that systematically explored the effects of model regularization, model linearity and non-linearity, and aggregation of 16S rRNA sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as a function of sequence dissimilarity threshold (SDT). A large percentage (greater than 80%) of model scenarios resulted in well-performing and significant models at intermediate SDTs of 0.13-0.14 and 0.26. The 16S rRNA sequences consistently selected into the well-performing and significant models at those SDTs were classified as Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira groups. We then extend the framework by applying it to the biotransformation rate constants of ten micropollutants measured in batch reactors seeded with the ten WWTP communities. We identified phylogenetic groups that were robustly selected into all well-performing and significant models constructed with biotransformation rates of isoproturon, propachlor, ranitidine, and venlafaxine. These phylogenetic groups can be used as predictive biomarkers of WWTP microbial community activity towards these specific micropollutants. This work is an important step towards developing tools to predict biotransformation rates in WWTPs based on taxonomic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - David R Johnson
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Scheidegger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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130
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Jena J, Kumar R, Dixit A, Pandey S, Das T. Evaluation of simultaneous nutrient and COD removal with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation using mixed microbial consortia under anoxic condition and their bioinformatics analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116230. [PMID: 25689047 PMCID: PMC4331290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrate-N, phosphate and COD removal was evaluated from synthetic waste water using mixed microbial consortia in an anoxic environment under various initial carbon load (ICL) in a batch scale reactor system. Within 6 hours of incubation, enriched DNPAOs (Denitrifying Polyphosphate Accumulating Microorganisms) were able to remove maximum COD (87%) at 2 g/L of ICL whereas maximum nitrate-N (97%) and phosphate (87%) removal along with PHB accumulation (49 mg/L) was achieved at 8 g/L of ICL. Exhaustion of nitrate-N, beyond 6 hours of incubation, had a detrimental effect on COD and phosphate removal rate. Fresh supply of nitrate-N to the reaction medium, beyond 6 hours, helped revive the removal rates of both COD and phosphate. Therefore, it was apparent that in spite of a high carbon load, maximum COD and nutrient removal can be maintained, with adequate nitrate-N availability. Denitrifying condition in the medium was evident from an increasing pH trend. PHB accumulation by the mixed culture was directly proportional to ICL; however the time taken for accumulation at higher ICL was more. Unlike conventional EBPR, PHB depletion did not support phosphate accumulation in this case. The unique aspect of all the batch studies were PHB accumulation was observed along with phosphate uptake and nitrate reduction under anoxic conditions. Bioinformatics analysis followed by pyrosequencing of the mixed culture DNA from the seed sludge revealed the dominance of denitrifying population, such as Corynebacterium, Rhodocyclus and Paraccocus (Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria). Rarefaction curve indicated complete bacterial population and corresponding number of OTUs through sequence analysis. Chao1 and Shannon index (H') was used to study the diversity of sampling. "UCI95" and "LCI95" indicated 95% confidence level of upper and lower values of Chao1 for each distance. Values of Chao1 index supported the results of rarefaction curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsnarani Jena
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sony Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trupti Das
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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131
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Ge H, Batstone DJ, Keller J. Biological phosphorus removal from abattoir wastewater at very short sludge ages mediated by novel PAO clade Comamonadaceae. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:173-182. [PMID: 25481076 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in global phosphorus costs, together with the need to remove phosphorus from wastewater to comply with water discharge regulations, make phosphorus recovery from wastewater economically and environmentally attractive. Biological phosphorus (Bio-P) removal process can effectively capture the phosphorus from wastewater and concentrate it in a form that is easily amendable for recovery in contrast to traditional (chemical) phosphorus removal processes. However, Bio-P removal processes have historically been operated at medium to long solids retention times (SRTs, 10-20 days typically), which inherently increases the energy consumption while reducing the recoverable carbon fraction and hence makes it incompatible with the drive towards energy self-sufficient wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel high-rate Bio-P removal process has been developed as an energy efficient alternative for phosphorus removal from wastewater through operation at an SRT of less than 4 days. The process was most effective at an SRT of 2-2.5 days, achieving >90% phosphate removal. Further reducing the SRT to 1.7 days resulted in a loss of Bio-P activity. 16S pyrotag sequencing showed the community changed considerably with changes in the SRT, but that Comamonadaceae was consistently abundant when the Bio-P activity was evident. FISH analysis combined with DAPI staining confirmed that bacterial cells of Comamonadaceae arranged in tetrads contained polyphosphate, identifying them as the key polyphosphate accumulating organisms at these low SRT conditions. Overall, this paper demonstrates a novel, high-rate phosphorus removal process that can be effectively integrated with short SRT, energy-efficient carbon removal and recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoqing Ge
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jürg Keller
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia.
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132
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Miłobędzka A, Muszyński A. Population dynamics of filamentous bacteria identified in Polish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with nutrients removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:675-684. [PMID: 25768213 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the identity and population dynamics of filamentous bacteria in five Polish full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with nutrients removal had been carried out for 2 years. A quantitative culture-independent, molecular method - fluorescence in situ hybridization - was applied to evaluate the structure of different filamentous bacteria populations and their temporal variations. Activated sludge was examined for the abundance of 11 groups of filamentous bacteria. On average, filaments constituted 28% of all bacteria. All samples presented a low diversity of probe-defined filamentous bacteria, usually with significant domination of Chloroflexi (with distinction to types 1851, 0803 and others) and/or Microthrix (14% and 7% of EUBmix, respectively). Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Mycolata, Skermania piniformis and TM7 were less abundant, whereas Curvibacter, Thiothrix/021N and family Gordonia have not been detected in any of the samples. The tested WWTPs showed similarity among species found and differences in their abundance. The composition of filamentous populations was rather stable in each plant and similar to those found in other European countries. Little differences between plants were shown by multivariate analysis of variance in terms of Chloroflexi and Microthrix. No significant general correlations have been found with Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Medium correlation strength between the presence of different filaments was recorded only for Microthrix and Skermania piniformis. Deleterious effect on settling properties of sludge (measured as sludge volume index) was found only for abundance of Microthrix; a strong linear correlation was recorded between them. However, no other correlations with wastewater and operational data were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miłobędzka
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, Warsaw 00-653, Poland E-mail:
| | - A Muszyński
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, Warsaw 00-653, Poland E-mail:
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133
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Hatamoto M, Saito Y, Dehama K, Nakahara N, Kuroda K, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi T. Microbial community structure of a simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal reactor following treatment in a UASB-DHS system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:454-461. [PMID: 25714647 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic-anoxic sequence batch reactor (A2SBR) was applied to achieve nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an energy-saving sewage treatment system involving an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket combined with a down-flow hanging sponge reactor to treat municipal sewage. After sludge acclimation, the A2SBR showed satisfactory denitrification and phosphorus removal performance with total phosphate and nitrate concentrations of the effluent of 8.4 ± 3.4 mg-N L⁻¹ and 0.9 ± 0.6 mg-P L⁻¹, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that 'Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis' was the dominant phosphate-accumulating micro-organism. Although a competitive bacterium for polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, 'Ca. Competibacter phosphatis', was not detected, Dechloromonas spp. were abundant. The ppk1 gene sequence analysis showed that the type II lineage of 'Ca. Accumulibacter' was dominant. The results suggest that denitrification and phosphorus removal in the A2SBR could be achieved by cooperative activity of 'Ca. Accumulibacter' and nitrate-reducing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Yayoi Saito
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Kazuya Dehama
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Nozomi Nakahara
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Kyohei Kuroda
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan E-mail:
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134
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Wu M, Zhu R, Ma H, Zhu H, Dai X, Yang J. Effect of a Humus Soil Side-Stream Reactor (HSR) on the Bacterial Characteristics in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Process. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.14we069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University
| | - Rui Zhu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences
| | - HuiRong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University
| | | | - Xiaohu Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University
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135
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Sludge bulking impact on relevant bacterial populations in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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136
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Ning X, Qiao W, Zhang L, Gao X. Microbial community in anoxic–oxic–settling–anaerobic sludge reduction process revealed by 454 pyrosequencing analysis. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:799-809. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the anoxic–oxic (AO) process by inserting a sludge holding tank (SHT) into the sludge return line forms an anoxic–oxic–settling–anaerobic (A+OSA) process that can achieve a 48.98% sludge reduction rate. The 454 pyrosequencing method was used to obtain the microbial communities of the AO and A+OSA processes. Results showed that the microbial community structures of the 2 processes were different as a result of the SHT insertion. Bacteria assigned to the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes commonly existed and dominated the microbial populations of the 2 processes. However, the relative abundance of these populations shifted in the presence of SHT. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased during the A+OSA process. A specific comparison at the class level showed that Sphingobacteria was enriched in the A+OSA process. The result suggested that the fermentative bacteria Sphingobacteria may have key functions in reducing the sludge from the A+OSA process. Uncultured Nitrosomonadaceae gradually became the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira was enriched in the A+OSA process. Both occurrences were favorable for stabilized nitrogen removal. The known denitrifying species in the A+OSA process were similar to those in the AO process; however, their relative abundance also decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Ning
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Qiao
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Gao
- Chongqing Water Group Company Limited, Chongqing 400015, People’s Republic of China
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137
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McIlroy SJ, Starnawska A, Starnawski P, Saunders AM, Nierychlo M, Nielsen PH, Nielsen JL. Identification of active denitrifiers in full-scale nutrient removal wastewater treatment systems. Environ Microbiol 2014; 18:50-64. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jon McIlroy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Anna Starnawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Piotr Starnawski
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Aaron Marc Saunders
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Per Halkjaer Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
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138
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He H, Qian TT, Liu WJ, Jiang H, Yu HQ. Biological and chemical phosphorus solubilization from pyrolytical biochar in aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 113:175-181. [PMID: 25065807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a massive byproduct of biomass pyrolysis during biofuel generation, is a potential P source for the mitigation of P depletion. However, the chemical and biological effect of the release of P from biochar is still unclear. In this study, two types of Lysinibacillus strains (Lysinibacillussphaericus D-8 and Lysinibacillus fusiformis A-5) were separated from a sediment and their P-solubilizing characteristics to biochar was first reported. Compared with the bacterial mixture W-1 obtained from a bioreactor, the introduction of A-5 and D-8 significantly improved P solubilization. The release of P from biochar by A-5 and D-8 reached 54% and 47%, respectively, which is comparable to that under rigorous chemical conditions. SEM images and XPS spectra demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of the biochar surface have changed in the process which may be caused by the activities of the microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wu-Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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139
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Koch C, Popiel D, Harnisch F. Functional Redundancy of Microbial Anodes fed by Domestic Wastewater. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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140
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Bacterial assembly and temporal dynamics in activated sludge of a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 9:683-95. [PMID: 25180966 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding environmental and biological influences on the dynamics of microbial communities has received great attention in microbial ecology. Here, utilizing large time-series 16S rRNA gene data, we show that in activated sludge of an environmentally important municipal wastewater treatment plant, 5-year temporal dynamics of bacterial community shows no significant seasonal succession, but is consistent with deterministic assemblage by taxonomic relatedness. Biological interactions are dominant drivers in determining the bacterial community assembly, whereas environmental conditions (mainly sludge retention time and inorganic nitrogen) partially explain phylogenetic and quantitative variances and indirectly influence bacterial assembly. We demonstrate a correlation-based statistical method to integrate bacterial association networks with their taxonomic affiliations to predict community-wide co-occurrence and co-exclusion patterns. The results show that although taxonomically closely related bacteria tend to positively co-occur (for example, out of a cooperative relationship), negative co-excluding correlations are deterministically observed between taxonomically less related species, probably implicating roles of competition in determining bacterial assembly. Overall, disclosures of the positive and negative species-species relations will improve our understanding of ecological niches occupied by unknown species and help to predict their biological functions in ecosystems.
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141
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Ittisupornrat S, Tobino T, Yamamoto K. A study of the relationship among sludge retention time, bacterial communities, and hydrolytic enzyme activities in inclined plate membrane bioreactors for the treatment of municipal wastewater. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9107-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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142
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Tang B, Zhang Z. Essence of disposing the excess sludge and optimizing the operation of wastewater treatment: rheological behavior and microbial ecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 105:1-13. [PMID: 24462086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proper disposal of excess sludge and steady maintenance of the high bioactivity of activated sludge in bioreactors are essential for the successful operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Since sludge is a non-Newtonian fluid, the rheological behavior of sludge can therefore have a significant impact on various processes in a WWTP, such as fluid transportation, mixing, oxygen diffusion, mass transfer, anaerobic digestion, chemical conditioning and mechanical dewatering. These are key factors affecting the operation efficiency and the energy consumption of the entire process. In the past decade-due to the production of large quantities of excess sludge associated with the extensive construction of WWTPs and the emergence of some newly-developed techniques for wastewater purification characterized by high biomass concentrations-investigations into the rheology of sludge are increasingly important and this topic has aroused considerable interests. We reviewed a number of investigations into the rheology of sludge, with the purpose of providing systematic and detailed analyses on the related aspects of the rheological behavior of sludge. It is clear that, even though considerable research has focused on the rheology of sludge over a long time period, there is still a need for further thorough investigation into this field. Due to the complex process of bio-treatment in all WWTPs, biological factors have a major influence on the properties of sludge. These influences are however still poorly understood, particularly with respect to the mechanisms involved and magnitude of such impacts. When taking note of the conspicuous biological characteristics of sludge, it becomes important that biological factors, such as the species composition and relative abundance of various microorganisms, as well as the microbial community characteristics that affect relevant operating processes, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
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143
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Weissbrodt DG, Shani N, Holliger C. Linking bacterial population dynamics and nutrient removal in the granular sludge biofilm ecosystem engineered for wastewater treatment. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 88:579-95. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Weissbrodt
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering; Institute of Environmental Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Noam Shani
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering; Institute of Environmental Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christof Holliger
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering; Institute of Environmental Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
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144
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García-Armisen T, İnceoğlu Ö, Ouattara NK, Anzil A, Verbanck MA, Brion N, Servais P. Seasonal variations and resilience of bacterial communities in a sewage polluted urban river. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92579. [PMID: 24667680 PMCID: PMC3965440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zenne River in Brussels (Belgium) and effluents of the two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Brussels were chosen to assess the impact of disturbance on bacterial community composition (BCC) of an urban river. Organic matters, nutrients load and oxygen concentration fluctuated highly along the river and over time because of WWTPs discharge. Tag pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed the significant effect of seasonality on the richness, the bacterial diversity (Shannon index) and BCC. The major grouping: -winter/fall samples versus spring/summer samples- could be associated with fluctuations of in situ bacterial activities (dissolved and particulate organic carbon biodegradation associated with oxygen consumption and N transformation). BCC of the samples collected upstream from the WWTPs discharge were significantly different from BCC of downstream samples and WWTPs effluents, while no significant difference was found between BCC of WWTPs effluents and the downstream samples as revealed by ANOSIM. Analysis per season showed that allochthonous bacteria brought by WWTPs effluents triggered the changes in community composition, eventually followed by rapid post-disturbance return to the original composition as observed in April (resilience), whereas community composition remained altered after the perturbation by WWTPs effluents in the other seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara García-Armisen
- Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Özgül İnceoğlu
- Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nouho Koffi Ouattara
- Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adriana Anzil
- Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel A Verbanck
- Department of Water Pollution Control, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Natacha Brion
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Servais
- Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, Brussels, Belgium
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145
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Flowers JJ, Cadkin TA, McMahon KD. Seasonal bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plant. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:7019-31. [PMID: 24200007 PMCID: PMC4520395 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge is one of the most abundant and effective wastewater treatment process used to treat wastewater, and has been used in developed countries for nearly a century. In all that time, several hundreds of studies have explored the bacterial communities responsible for treatment, but most studies were based on a handful of samples and did not consider temporal dynamics. In this study, we used the DNA fingerprinting technique called automated ribosomal intergenic spacer region analysis (ARISA) to study bacterial community dynamics over a two-year period in two different treatment trains. We also used quantitative PCR to measure the variation of five phylogenetically-defined clades within the Accumulibacter lineage, which is a model polyphosphate accumulating organism. The total bacterial community exhibited seasonal patterns of change reminiscent of those observed in lakes and oceans. Surprisingly, all five Accumulibacter clades were present throughout the study, and the total Accumulibacter community was relatively stable. However, the abundance of each clade did fluctuate through time. Clade IIA dynamics correlated positively with temperature (ρ = 0.65, p < 0.05) while Clade IA dynamics correlated negatively with temperature (ρ = -0.35, p < 0.05). This relationship with temperature hints at the mechanisms that may be driving the seasonal patterns in overall bacterial community dynamics and provides further evidence for ecological differentiation among clades within the Accumulibacter lineage. This work provides a valuable baseline for activated sludge bacterial community variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Flowers
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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146
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Lanham AB, Oehmen A, Saunders AM, Carvalho G, Nielsen PH, Reis MAM. Metabolic versatility in full-scale wastewater treatment plants performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:7032-7041. [PMID: 24210547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) microbial community and metabolic performance of five full-scale EBPR systems by using fluorescence in situ hybridisation combined with off-line batch tests fed with acetate under anaerobic-aerobic conditions. The phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in all systems were stable and showed little variability between each plant, while glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) were present in two of the plants. The metabolic activity of each sludge showed the frequent involvement of the anaerobic tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in PAO metabolism for the anaerobic generation of reducing equivalents, in addition to the more frequently reported glycolysis pathway. Metabolic variability in the use of the two pathways was also observed, between different systems and in the same system over time. The metabolic dynamics was linked to the availability of glycogen, where a higher utilisation of the glycolysis pathway was observed in the two systems employing side-stream hydrolysis, and the TCA cycle was more active in the A(2)O systems. Full-scale plants that showed higher glycolysis activity also exhibited superior P removal performance, suggesting that promotion of the glycolysis pathway over the TCA cycle could be beneficial towards the optimisation of EBPR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Lanham
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Chemistry Department FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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147
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Bugge TV, Larsen P, Saunders AM, Kragelund C, Wybrandt L, Keiding K, Christensen ML, Nielsen PH. Filtration properties of activated sludge in municipal MBR wastewater treatment plants are related to microbial community structure. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6719-6730. [PMID: 24094729 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the conventional activated sludge process, a number of important parameters determining the efficiency of settling and dewatering are often linked to specific groups of bacteria in the sludge--namely floc size, residual turbidity, shear sensitivity and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In membrane bioreactors (MBRs) the nature of solids separation at the membrane has much in common with sludge dewaterability but less is known about the effect of specific microbial groups on the sludge characteristics that affect this process. In this study, six full-scale MBR plants were investigated to identify correlations between sludge filterability, sludge characteristics, and microbial community structure. The microbial community structure was described by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and sludge filterability by a low-pressure filtration method. A strong correlation between the degree of flocculation (ratio between floc size and residual turbidity) and sludge filterability at low pressure was found. A good balance between EPS and cations in the sludge correlated with good flocculation, relatively large sludge flocs, and low amounts of small particles and single cells in the bulk phase (measured as residual turbidity), all leading to a good filterability. Floc properties could also be linked to the microbial community structure. Bacterial species forming strong microcolonies such as Nitrospira and Accumulibacter were present in plants with good flocculation and filtration properties, while few strong microcolonies and many filamentous bacteria in the plants correlated with poor flocculation and filtration problems. In conclusion this study extends the hitherto accepted perception that plant operation affects floc properties which affects fouling. Additionally, plant operation also affects species composition, which affects floc properties and in the end fouling propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Bugge
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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148
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McIlroy SJ, Albertsen M, Andresen EK, Saunders AM, Kristiansen R, Stokholm-Bjerregaard M, Nielsen KL, Nielsen PH. 'Candidatus Competibacter'-lineage genomes retrieved from metagenomes reveal functional metabolic diversity. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 8:613-624. [PMID: 24173461 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The glycogen-accumulating organism (GAO) 'Candidatus Competibacter' (Competibacter) uses aerobically stored glycogen to enable anaerobic carbon uptake, which is subsequently stored as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). This biphasic metabolism is key for the Competibacter to survive under the cyclic anaerobic-'feast': aerobic-'famine' regime of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment systems. As they do not contribute to phosphorus (P) removal, but compete for resources with the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO), thought responsible for P removal, their proliferation theoretically reduces the EBPR capacity. In this study, two complete genomes from Competibacter were obtained from laboratory-scale enrichment reactors through metagenomics. Phylogenetic analysis identified the two genomes, 'Candidatus Competibacter denitrificans' and 'Candidatus Contendobacter odensis', as being affiliated with Competibacter-lineage subgroups 1 and 5, respectively. Both have genes for glycogen and PHA cycling and for the metabolism of volatile fatty acids. Marked differences were found in their potential for the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathways, as well as for denitrification, nitrogen fixation, fermentation, trehalose synthesis and utilisation of glucose and lactate. Genetic comparison of P metabolism pathways with sequenced PAOs revealed the absence of the Pit phosphate transporter in the Competibacter-lineage genomes--identifying a key metabolic difference with the PAO physiology. These genomes are the first from any GAO organism and provide new insights into the complex interaction and niche competition between PAOs and GAOs in EBPR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J McIlroy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eva K Andresen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aaron M Saunders
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kristiansen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Krüger A/S, Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kåre L Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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149
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Fredriksson NJ, Hermansson M, Wilén BM. The choice of PCR primers has great impact on assessments of bacterial community diversity and dynamics in a wastewater treatment plant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76431. [PMID: 24098498 PMCID: PMC3788133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessments of bacterial community diversity and dynamics are fundamental for the understanding of microbial ecology as well as biotechnological applications. We show that the choice of PCR primers has great impact on the results of analyses of diversity and dynamics using gene libraries and DNA fingerprinting. Two universal primer pairs targeting the 16S rRNA gene, 27F&1492R and 63F&M1387R, were compared and evaluated by analyzing the bacterial community in the activated sludge of a large-scale wastewater treatment plant. The two primer pairs targeted distinct parts of the bacterial community, none encompassing the other, both with similar richness. Had only one primer pair been used, very different conclusions had been drawn regarding dominant phylogenetic and putative functional groups. With 27F&1492R, Betaproteobacteria would have been determined to be the dominating taxa while 63F&M1387R would have described Alphaproteobacteria as the most common taxa. Microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that both Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were abundant in the activated sludge, confirming that the two primer pairs target two different fractions of the bacterial community. Furthermore, terminal restriction fragment polymorphism analyses of a series of four activated sludge samples showed that the two primer pairs would have resulted in different conclusions about community stability and the factors contributing to changes in community composition. In conclusion, different PCR primer pairs, although considered universal, target different ranges of bacteria and will thus show the diversity and dynamics of different fractions of the bacterial community in the analyzed sample. We also show that while a database search can serve as an indicator of how universal a primer pair is, an experimental assessment is necessary to evaluate the suitability for a specific environmental sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Johan Fredriksson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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150
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Xu D, Chen H, Li X, Yang Q, Zeng T, Luo K, Zeng G. Enhanced biological nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactors operated as static/oxic/anoxic (SOA) process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:204-211. [PMID: 23796605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An innovative static/oxic/anoxic (SOA) activated sludge process characterized by static phase as a substitute for conventional anaerobic stage was developed to enhance biological nutrient removal (BNR) with influent ammonia of 20 and 40 mg/L in R1 and R2 reactors, respectively. The results demonstrated that static phase could function as conventional anaerobic stage. In R1 lower influent ammonia concentration facilitated more polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) growth, but secondary phosphorus release occurred due to NOx(-) depletion during post-anoxic period. In R2, however, denitrifying phosphorus removal proceeded with sufficient NOx(-). Both R1 and R2 saw simultaneous nitrification-denitrification. Glycogen was utilized to drive post-denitrification with denitrification rates in excess of typical endogenous decay rates. The anoxic stirring duration could be shortened from 3 to 1.5h to avoid secondary phosphorus release in R1 and little adverse impact was found on nutrients removal in R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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