Schnitzer JJ. Control and regulation of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Semin Pediatr Surg 2004;
13:37-43. [PMID:
14765369 DOI:
10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2003.09.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Control of fetal lung growth and development is exquisitely orchestrated and regulated. Branching morphogenesis is carefully choreographed with cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a spatially and temporally dependent manner. Some of the signals and pathways mediating these events have recently been uncovered, but much remains unknown. The precise etiologic derangements that give rise to pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia remain elusive. Some clues have been discovered in developmental and signaling pathways that include receptor tyrosine kinase growth factors, homeobox genes, transcription factors, airway distension, retinoid signaling, and oxidation-reduction.
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