101
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Shoreibah M, Hindsgaul O, Pierce M. Purification and characterization of rat kidney UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: alpha-6-D-mannoside beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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102
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Sarnesto A, Köhlin T, Hindsgaul O, Vogele K, Blaszczyk-Thurin M, Thurin J. Purification of the beta-N-acetylglucosaminide alpha 1----3-fucosyltransferase from human serum. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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103
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Stroud MR, Levery SB, Salyan ME, Roberts CE, Hakomori S. Extended type-1 chain glycosphingolipid antigens. Isolation and characterization of trifucosyl-Leb antigen (III4V4VI2Fuc3Lc6). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 203:577-86. [PMID: 1735443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A Lewis-b-active glycosphingolipid containing a repetitive type-1 chain carbohydrate core was isolated from human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Colo205. This glycosphingolipid was purified by HPLC and preparative high-performance thin-layer chromatography and its structure elucidated by positive-ion fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry with collision-induced disassociation, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis. The glycosphingolipid was found to be a trifucosylated derivative of this novel carbohydrate core, having the following structure: [formula; see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Stroud
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, WA 98119
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104
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Synthesis of 2′-O-substituted β-D-Gal-(1→4)-β-D-GlcNAc-1-0-Bn as specific acceptors for α-L-(1→3) fucosyltransferases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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105
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Hakomori S. Immunochemical and molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO(H) and related antigen system. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY 1991; 4:957-74. [PMID: 1790358 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3536(06)80038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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106
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Abstract
Expression of some tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens may define the stage, rate and phenotype of tumor progression and may have prognostic value. Some of these antigens are now recognized as adhesion molecules that define the site of metastasis. Monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, or the antigens themselves, may serve not only as classic immunological reagents but also as anti-adhesion reagents for the prevention of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hakomori
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, Washington
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107
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Nishida K, Yamamoto H, Ohtsuki T, Matsuba M, Mukai S, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T, Kondo M. Elevated tissue concentrations of sialyl Lex-i in cancerous tissues compared with those in noncancerous tissues of various organs. Cancer 1991; 68:111-7. [PMID: 2049731 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910701)68:1<111::aid-cncr2820680122>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl Lex-i (SLX) concentrations in the extracts of noncancerous and cancerous tissues of various human organs were determined by radioimmunoassay for detailed evaluation of SLX. Cancerous tissues had significantly elevated SLX concentrations compared with noncancerous tissues of various organs. Tissue SLX concentration of the cancerous part was significantly higher than that of the adjacent noncancerous part in the same tissue. There was no significant correlation between tissue SLX concentration and serum SLX level. Positive localization of SLX was clearly observed in such cancerous tissues by immunohistochemical study, although not in any noncancerous tissues. Each of the antigens: SLX, CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 125 showed a different distribution pattern in tissue concentration or localization in various organs. These results indicate that SLX may be a valuable cancer-associated antigen produced by malignant tissues, suggesting its clinical application as a tumor marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishida
- Gastroenterology Section, Shakaihoken Kobe Central Hospital, Japan
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108
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Nakagoe T, Kusano H, Hirota M, Fukushima K, Hiratani K, Hara K, Tomita M. Serological and immunohistochemical studies on sialylated carbohydrate antigens in colorectal carcinoma. GASTROENTEROLOGIA JAPONICA 1991; 26:303-11. [PMID: 1716232 DOI: 10.1007/bf02781918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated carbohydrate antigens, such as CA19-9 (sialyl Lea), CA-50 (sialyl Le4), CSLEX1 (sialyl Lex) and SLX (sialyl Lex-i), were assayed in the same preoperative serum samples of 63 patients with colorectal cancer, and compared with CEA. In addition immunohistochemical expressions of sialyl Lea, sialyl lex and sialyl Lex-i antigens were studied in 62 colorectal carcinomas and 42 normal mucosal sites remote from the malignant lesion using monoclonal antibodies CSLEA1, CSLEX1 and FH-6, respectively, in order to elucidate their tumor-specificity and clinical usefulness as a tumor-associated antigen. Serologically, the percent positive rates of CA19-9, CA-50, CSLEX1, SLX and CEA were 30.2%, 17.7%, 23.8%, 16.1% and 44.4%, respectively. In dukes' A and B, these sialylated carbohydrate antigens, especially CSLEX1 and SLX, showed low positive rates, but the percent positive rates of CSLEX1 and SLX correlated with operative radicality. The positive spectrum of CSLEX1 differed from that of CA19-9 in sera, and CEA had no correlation with these two antigens. The immunohistochemical expression rates of sialyl Lea, sialyl Lex and sialyl Lex-i were 88.1%, 17.0% and 9.5% in normal mucosa, but were 77.8%, 90.5% and 71.4% in carcinoma, respectively. These data suggested that the type 2 chain antigens CSLEX1 and SLX, which have high tumor-specificity compared with CA19-9, may be useful in preoperative diagnosis for extension of carcinoma and operative radicality, although early diagnosis using these sialylated carbohydrate antigens may be difficult, while the combined use of CA19-9, CSLEX1 and CEA should make it possible to detect a wide range of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakagoe
- First Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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109
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Nakagoe T, Fukushima K, Hirota M, Kusano H, Kawahara K, Ayabe H, Tomita M, Kamihira S. Immunohistochemical expression of blood group substances and related carbohydrate antigens in breast carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82:559-68. [PMID: 1905702 PMCID: PMC5918481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In forty-one carcinomas and sixteen benign lesions (fibroadenoma and mastopathy) of the human breast, immunohistochemical expression of sialylated and non-sialylated forms of both Lea and Lex, and the A, B, and H type 2 blood group substances were studied by using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining. In normal ductal epithelium and benign lesion of breast, Lewis-related antigens were mostly expressed. Breast carcinomas showed these antigens with the following frequencies: Lea, 31.7% (13/41); sialyl Lea, 56.1% (23/41); Lex, 46.3% (19/41); sialyl Lex, 68.3% (28/41); A/B/H type 2, 38.1% (16/41). Sialylated forms of Lea and Lex were observed more frequently than their respective non-sialylated forms in breast carcinomas. In both one normal epithelium and four carcinomas of breast with Le(a-b-) phenotype, the expressions of type 2 antigens were observed, while type 1 antigens were not consistently expressed. Although compatible expression was observed in all specimens of both normal epithelium and benign lesion of breast, twenty-four cases with the deletion of A and/or B antigens, six cases with H type 2 accumulation and one case with incompatible expression were demonstrated in breast carcinoma. Thirty-one breast carcinomas which showed the deletion of A/B/H type 2 expressed the Lewis-related antigens more frequently than nine cases which showed compatible expression. These results suggested that the activation of terminal fucosyltransferase and sialyltransferase as well as inactivation of some glycosyltransferases had occurred in cancer cell membrane, and sialyl Lex, defined by a new monoclonal antibody CSLEX1, may be useful as a tumor-associated antigen independent of Lewis blood group type in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakagoe
- First Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
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110
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Matsushita Y, Hoff SD, Nudelman ED, Otaka M, Hakomori S, Ota DM, Cleary KR, Irimura T. Metastatic behavior and cell surface properties of HT-29 human colon carcinoma variant cells selected for their differential expression of sialyl-dimeric Le(x)-antigen. Clin Exp Metastasis 1991; 9:283-99. [PMID: 1676354 DOI: 10.1007/bf01753731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunochemical studies of human colorectal carcinoma with various monoclonal antibodies against Le(X)-related carbohydrate antigens previously revealed that the amount of sialyl-dimeric Le(X) antigen (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-R: SLX) associated with metastatic lesions was greater than in the primary tumors. To assess whether an experimental model can be used to study the direct relationship between this carbohydrate antigen and the tumor cell's metastatic behavior, we selected variant cells with increased surface SLX from established human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29. The cells in the upper 5% or lower 5% population in fluorescence intensity after reacting with a monoclonal antibody, FH6, were retrieved separately by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and propagated. After three- or four-times selection, we obtained stable cell lines with low and high cell surface SLX antigens (HT-29 M1 and HT-29 M2, respectively). Binding of monoclonal antibody FH6 was detected to glycolipids extracted from HT-29 M2 cells but not from HT-29 M1 cells. Glycoprotein components having reactivity with monoclonal antibody FH6 were below the detectable level. HT-29 M2 cells injected intrasplenically into nude mice showed a slightly reduced incidence of metastasis to lung, liver and lymph nodes than did HT-29 M1 cells. Subsequently we found that SLX antigen was not detectable by immunohistochemical examination of these tumor cells grown in nude mice. Re-established cell line from nude mice xenografts expressed SLX antigen in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsushita
- Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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111
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Extended type 1 chain glycosphingolipids: dimeric Lea (III4V4Fuc2Lc6) as human tumor-associated antigen. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)92994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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112
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Purification and characterization of GDP-L-Fuc-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha 1—-3fucosyltransferase from human neuroblastoma cells. Unusual substrate specificities of the tumor enzyme. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)67827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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113
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Sarkar AK, Pawar SM, Matta KL. Synthesis of Two Isomeric Tetrasaccharides 0-α-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1→3) and (1→4)- 0-(2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)- 0-(β-D-Galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-Glucopyranose and a Related Tetrasaccharide 0-α-L-Fucopyranosyl-(1→3)- 0-(2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→6)- 0-(β-D-Galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-D-Glucopyranose. J Carbohydr Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309108543906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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114
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Phillips ML, Nudelman E, Gaeta FC, Perez M, Singhal AK, Hakomori S, Paulson JC. ELAM-1 mediates cell adhesion by recognition of a carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lex. Science 1990; 250:1130-2. [PMID: 1701274 DOI: 10.1126/science.1701274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation is mediated in part by endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), which is expressed on activated endothelial cells of the blood vessel walls. ELAM-1 is a member of the LEC-CAM or selectin family of adhesion molecules that contain a lectin motif thought to recognize carbohydrate ligands. In this report, cell adhesion by ELAM-1 is shown to be mediated by a carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis X (SLex; NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)-GlcNAc-), a terminal structure found on cell-surface glycoprotein and glycolipid carbohydrate groups of neutrophils.
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115
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Abstract
"New" carbohydrate structures on the surface of or secreted by cancer cells, identified as epitopes by monoclonal antibodies, are reviewed. These structures may represent the accumulation of precursor chains because of decreased activity of synthesizing enzymes, the production of new oligosaccharides due to increased or aberrant glycosylation of carbohydrate chains, a change in density of carbohydrates on the cell surface, or exposure of chains usually covered by other structures. Alterations in glycolipid synthesis include aberrant fucosylation and/or sialyation of the lacto series, sialylation or fucosylation of the globo series, and sialyation of the ganglio series. Many of these carbohydrate epitopes have become useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of patients with cancer. Some of the important markers include CA 15.3, CA 19.9, CA 50, CA 125, CA 242, MCA, SLEX, etc. Incomplete glycosylation of O-linked mucin oligosaccharide is recognized as the important "cancer antigen" B72.3, which is sialyated Tn. The oligosaccharide components of alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and epidermal growth factor receptor are also reviewed. In many instances the glycosylation seen in cancer cells or their products reflects patterns seen during normal development. Thus, cancer-associated oligosaccharides are oncodevelopmental in nature. The biologic significance of carbohydrates on cell surfaces is not known, but several possibilities include a role in cell to cell recognition, intracellular processing of glycoproteins, cell activation, and ability of cancer cells to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225
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116
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Holmes EH, Greene TG. Alteration of lacto-series glycolipid glycosyltransferase activities in human colonic adenocarcinoma DLD-1 cells after culture in N,N-dimethylformamide-containing medium. J Cell Biochem 1990; 44:93-105. [PMID: 2250046 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240440204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human colonic adenocarcinoma DLD-1 cells were grown under conditions which induce characteristics of differentiated cells using medium containing 0.8% N,N-dimethylformamide in order to study alterations in glycosphingolipid glycosyltransferase activities during this process. Analysis of biosynthetic reactions involved in lacto-series antigen synthesis revealed no changes in the specific activities of either beta 1----4galactosyltransferase or alpha 1----3/4fucosyltransferase with N,N-dimethylformamide treatment. However, a dramatic decrease of from 14- to 20-fold in the beta 1----3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity was observed in the treated cells. This enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step in lacto-series core chain synthesis. This is consistent with the pattern of regulation of lacto-series antigen expression found to occur during oncogenesis in human colonic mucosa (Holmes EH, Hakomori S, Ostrander GK: J Biol Chem 262:15649, 1987). Total glycolipids from untreated and N,N-dimethylformamide-treated cells were isolated and subjected to TLC immunostain analysis and solid phase radioimmunoassay with a series of monoclonal antibodies specific for lacto-series-based carbohydrate antigens. A decrease of about 2-fold or less in the quantity of lacto-series antigens was observed as a consequence of N,N-dimethylformamide treatment in both neutral glycolipid and ganglioside fractions. The results suggest that only very low levels of beta 1----3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity are required for the steady state expression of significant levels of lacto-series based glycolipids and that modulation of its activity levels by N,N-dimethylformamide treatment in DLD-1 cells represents a convenient in vitro system for studying aspects of regulation of lacto-series antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Holmes
- Pacific Northwest Research Foundation, Seattle, Washington 98122
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117
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Khan SH, Jain RK, Matta KL. Synthesis of methyl O-(2-O-methyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-O-(2- acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-beta-D- galactopyranoside and 4-nitrophenyl O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 1990; 203:139-47. [PMID: 2224901 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(90)80053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Khan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State Department of Health, Buffalo 14263
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118
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Dohi T, Ohta S, Hanai N, Yamaguchi K, Oshima M. Sialylpentaosylceramide detected with anti-GM2 monoclonal antibody. Structural characterization and complementary expression with GM2 in gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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119
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Kimber SJ. Glycoconjugates and cell surface interactions in pre- and peri-implantation mammalian embryonic development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1990; 120:53-167. [PMID: 2406215 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Kimber
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, England
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120
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Kyogashima M, Mulshine J, Linnoila RI, Jensen S, Magnani JL, Nudelman E, Hakomori S, Ginsburg V. Antibody 624H12, which detects lung cancer at early stages, recognizes a sugar sequence in the glycosphingolipid difucosylneolactonorhexaosylceramide (V3FucIII3FunLc6Cer). Arch Biochem Biophys 1989; 275:309-14. [PMID: 2554809 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(89)90378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical staining of cells in sputum by rat monoclonal antibody 624H12 detects lung cancer 2 years prior to its detection by conventional diagnostic techniques. The antigen recognized by antibody 624H12 is a sugar sequence in the glycosphingolipid difucosylneolactonorhexaosylceramide (V3FucIII3FucnLc6Cer) whose structure is (formula see; text) Both fucosyl residues are required for high affinity binding by the antibody. The antigen was expressed in 35 of 45 specimens of cancer tissue from patients with early stage non small cell lung cancer. There was no correlation between antigen expression and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyogashima
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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121
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Kitagawa H, Nakada H, Kurosaka A, Hiraiwa N, Numata Y, Fukui S, Funakoshi I, Kawasaki T, Yamashina I, Shimada I. Three novel oligosaccharides with the sialyl-Lea structure in human milk: isolation by immunoaffinity chromatography. Biochemistry 1989; 28:8891-7. [PMID: 2605230 DOI: 10.1021/bi00448a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the structures of three novel oligosaccharides isolated from human milk using the monoclonal antibody MSW 113. These oligosaccharides were purified by affinity chromatography on a column of the immobilized monoclonal antibody and by high-performance liquid chromatography. From the results of 500-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, their structures were deduced to be (formula; see text) These oligosaccharides bound to MSW 113 to nearly the same extent as sialyl-Lea hexasaccharide but bound to another sialyl-Lea structure-directed monoclonal antibody, NS 19-9, only weakly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kitagawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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122
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Ota Y, Inaba N, Shirotake S, Fukazawa I, Okajima Y, Takamizawa H. Clinical significance of a solid-phase immunoradiometrical assay for sialyl SSEA-1 antigen in obstetrics and gynecology. ASIA-OCEANIA JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1989; 15:253-9. [PMID: 2597088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1989.tb00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The clinical usefulness of sialyl SSEA-1 antigen was evaluated in obstetrics and gynecology. Serum levels of sialyl SSEA-1 were measured in patients with benign or malignant gynecologic diseases, and in normal pregnant women. Moreover, in 10 cases of full term delivery, samples of maternal sera immediately prior to delivery, soon after delivery and 5-day-puerperium, cord sera from the umbilical artery and vein, and amniotic fluid were taken to measure its concentration. During the course of pregnancy, serum SSEA-1 levels were within the normal range (below 38 U/ml), showing no significant correlation with gestational weeks. Of patients with gynecologic diseases, those with malignant ovarian neoplasms, uterine cervical carcinoma and benign ovarian neoplasms exhibited elevated (over 38 U/ml) levels in 26%, 15% and 6% of all cases, respectively. In cases of full term delivery, the concentrations of sialyl SSEA-1 in the maternal and cord sera were within the normal range. Concentrations were extremely high, however, in the amniotic fluid.
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123
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Nilsson M, Norberg T. Synthesis of Carbohydrate Derivatives Corresponding to a Tumor-Associated Glycolipid: A Trimeric Lewis X Nonasaccharide and a TrimericN-Acetyl Lactosamine Hexasaccharide. J Carbohydr Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/07328308908048021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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124
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Classon B, Garegg PJ, Helland AC. Synthesis ofp-Trifluoroacetamidophenyl 3-O-[2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-3-O-(α-L-Fucopyranosyl)-β-D-Glucopyranosyl]-β-D-Galactopyranoside and ofp-Trifluoracetamidophenyl 3-O-[2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-3-O(α-L-Fucopyranosyl)-4-O(β-D-Galactopyranosyl)-β-D-Glucopyranosyl]-β-D-Galactopyranoside, a Trisaccharide and a Tetrasaccharide Fragment of the LeXTumor-Associated Antigen. J Carbohydr Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/07328308908048015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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125
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Yazawa S, Asao T, Nagamachi Y, Abbas SA, Matta KL. Tumor-related elevation of serum (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1989; 115:451-5. [PMID: 2572600 DOI: 10.1007/bf00393336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
(alpha 1----3)-L-Fucosyltransferase activity was measured in serum samples from 90 gastric cancer patients, 10 patients with benign diseases and 100 healthy controls. The enzyme activity was significantly elevated in the serum samples of patients with cancer compared to those from patients with benign diseases (P less than 0.01) and healthy controls (P less than 0.001). The elevation of the enzyme activity was found to correlate strongly with the clinical stage of disease. The sensitivity of (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase was also demonstrated to be high in comparison with the tumor-associated antigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and sialylated Lewis X-i. Follow-up studies of (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase in 11 cancer patients with disease at different stages showed that the enzyme activity could be useful for monitoring the post-surgical course of the disease. These results suggest that (alpha 1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity has a clinically important potential as a tumor marker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yazawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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126
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Ladisch S, Sweeley CC, Becker H, Gage D. Aberrant fatty acyl α-hydroxylation in human neuroblastoma tumor gangliosides. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)80178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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127
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Dohi T, Abe K, Ohshiba S. Immunohistochemical study of carbohydrate antigen expression in gastric carcinoma. GASTROENTEROLOGIA JAPONICA 1989; 24:239-45. [PMID: 2663606 DOI: 10.1007/bf02774320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The expression of carbohydrate antigens in malignant and non-malignant gastric mucosa was studied immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody AH6 directed to Ley antigen, FH2 directed to Lex antigen, and FH6 directed to sialyl-Lex antigen. Formalin-fixed gastric tissue resected from 54 patients with gastric cancer and 20 patients with gastric ulcer were tested. The incidence of positive cases in gastric cancer patients with each antibody was as follows: AH6;85%, FH2;74%, FH6;74%. The Lex antigen was expressed in 81.5% of cases histologically classified as undifferentiated type, and 66.7% of cases classified as differentiated type. It was expressed in a higher incidence in early stage cancer (93.3%) than in advanced stage cancer (66.7%). Sialyl-Lex antigen was detected in more cases of differentiated type (88.9%) than in those of undifferentiated type (59.3%), whereas none of 8 early cancers of undifferentiated type expressed the antigen. The incidence of the expression of Ley antigen did not differ in relation to histological type or invasiveness. Lex and Ley antigens were detected in noncancerous gastric epithelium. Sialyl-Lex antigen was not detected in the normal fundic gland region. These results demonstrate that Lex antigen may be a differentiation-associated antigen, and sialyl-Lex antigen might be useful as a marker of differentiated cancer and an indication for invasion of undifferentiated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dohi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
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128
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Eggens I, Fenderson BA, Toyokuni T, Hakomori S. A role of carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction in the process of specific cell recognition during embryogenesis and organogenesis: a preliminary note. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 158:913-20. [PMID: 2563943 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A possible role of cell surface glycoconjugates in cell recognition has been envisioned based on recognition of carbohydrates by cell surface proteins such as endogenous lectins, glycosyltransferases, and hydrolases (refs. 18-22 in text). A new possibility that a specific carbohydrate at the cell surface could be recognized by the same or similar carbohydrate on the counterpart cell surface is now suggested by specific interaction between Lex and Lex, but not between Lex and sialylated or non-substituted type 2 chain. A new hypothesis is hereby proposed for carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions as recognition signals during embryogenesis and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Eggens
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, WA 98119
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129
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Schwarting GA, Williams MA, Evans JE, McCluer RH. Characterization of SSEA-1 glycolipids from the brain of a patient with fucosidosis. Glycoconj J 1989; 6:293-302. [PMID: 2577722 DOI: 10.1007/bf01047849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neutral glycolipids from the brain of a patient with Fucosidosis were analyzed and two complex glycolipids containing five and eight sugars were isolated from the cortical grey matter. These two glycolipids reacted with antibodies recognizing the SSEA-1 [Le(x)(X)] carbohydrate determinant. SSEA-1 glycolipids are normally expressed in human embryonic brain but are found in only small amounts in postnatal human brain. The accumulation of the two SSEA-1 glycolipids in Fucosidosis brain thus represents a defect which affects the normal developmentally regulated decrease in postnatal expression of these glycolipids, and may be a contributing factor in the abnormal brain development associated with the disease. Chemical characterization of the two isolated glycolipids by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses has identified the two glycolipids as lacto-N-fucopentaosylceramide (III) and difucosyl-neolactonorhexaosylceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Schwarting
- Department of Biochemistry, E. K. Shriver Center, Waltham, MA 02254
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130
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Abstract
The cell surface is involved in cell growth and division, cell-cell interaction, communication, differentiation and migration, and other processes likely to be involved in malignant transformation and/or the metastatic spread of cancer. Although there are many alterations of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the malignant cell surface, it is unclear whether these alterations are epiphenomena or an integral part of the malignancy process. This article reviews the recent literature and some earlier studies relevant for understanding emerging concepts and trends with respect to malignant cell glycoconjugates. Emphasis is on structural alterations of the carbohydrate portions of malignant cell glycoproteins and glycolipids and on the enzymes (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) involved in their metabolism. Practical applications derived from malignant cell glycoconjugate studies are discussed briefly with respect to the diagnosis, staging, monitoring, and treatment of malignant disease. The review concludes by indicating which research areas on malignant cell glycoconjugates are likely to be fruitful in increasing our basic understanding of, and ability to deal effectively with, malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Alhadeff
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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131
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Stults CL, Sweeley CC, Macher BA. Glycosphingolipids: structure, biological source, and properties. Methods Enzymol 1989; 179:167-214. [PMID: 2695766 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(89)79122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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132
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hakomori
- Biomembrane Institute, Seattle, Washington 98119
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133
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Nilsson M, Norberg T. Synthesis of a dimeric Lewis X hexasaccharide derivative corresponding to a tumor-associated glycolipid. Carbohydr Res 1988; 183:71-82. [PMID: 3233598 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dimeric Lewis X hexasaccharide p-trifluoroacetamidophenylethyl O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)]-O- (2- acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-beta-D-galactopyrano syl- (1----4)-O-[alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranoside (14), which is a derivative of a tumor-associated glycolipid, was synthesized from thioglycoside intermediates. A protected disaccharide was used as a key-intermediate for synthesis of the p-nitrophenylethyl glycoside of suitably protected O-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-O-beta-D-GlcpN-(1----3)-O-beta-D-Galp-(1--- -4)-beta-D- GlcpN, which, after selective deblocking, was di-L-fucosylated and deprotected to give 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nilsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Sweden
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134
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Holgersson J, Strömberg N, Breimer ME. Glycolipids of human large intestine: difference in glycolipid expression related to anatomical localization, epithelial/non-epithelial tissue and the ABO, Le and Se phenotypes of the donors. Biochimie 1988; 70:1565-74. [PMID: 3149523 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(88)90292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human large intestine specimens were obtained during elective surgery from donors of known blood group ABO, Lewis and secretor phenotypes. The intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from the non-epithelial tissue in one case and in another case mucosa tissue was obtained by scraping. Total non-acid glycolipid and ganglioside fractions were isolated from the tissue specimens, analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and detected by chemical reagents and autoradiography after staining the plate with various blood group monoclonal antibodies and bacterial toxins. The amount of non-acid glycolipids present in the large intestine epithelial cells was 3.9 micrograms/mg of cell protein and in the non-epithelial tissue 0.39 mg/g dry tissue weight. The epithelial cells contained monoglycosylceramides and blood group Lea pentaglycosylceramides as major compounds together with small amounts of diglycosylceramides. In addition, trace amounts of tri- and tetra-glycosylceramides together with more complex glycolipids were present. The non-epithelial tissue contained mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-glycosylceramides as major non-acid components. Blood group ABH glycolipids were present in trace amounts in the non-epithelial part of the large intestine. Lea pentaglycosylceramide was the major blood group glycolipid present in all Le-positive individuals independent of the secretor status. Leb glycolipids were present in trace amounts in secretor individuals but completely lacking in non-secretors. Trace amounts of X antigens were found in all individuals, while Y antigens were only present in secretor individuals. The Lea, Leb, X and Y glycolipids were located in the epithelial cells. The gangliosides were present mainly in the non-epithelial tissue (65-350 nmol of sialic acid/g dry weight) and only trace amounts (less than 0.014 nmol/mg of cell protein) were found in the epithelial cells. The major gangliosides of the non-epithelial tissue were identified as GM3, GM1, GD3, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b. In addition, several minor gangliosides were also present. Binding of cholera toxin to the thin-layer plate revealed trace amounts of the GM1 ganglioside in the epithelial cell ganglioside fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Holgersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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135
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Dubey R, Abbas SA, Matta KL. Further use of O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-4 ,6-di-O- acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-a lph a-D- galactopyranosyl bromide as a glycosyl donor. Synthesis of two mucin-type tetrasaccharides. Carbohydr Res 1988; 181:236-41. [PMID: 3208252 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)84041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Dubey
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State Department of Health, Buffalo 14263
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136
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Nudelman ED, Levery SB, Stroud MR, Salyan ME, Abe K, Hakomori S. A novel tumor-associated, developmentally regulated glycolipid antigen defined by monoclonal antibody ACFH-18. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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137
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Yazawa S, Madiyalakan R, Izawa H, Asao T, Furukawa K, Matta KL. Cancer-associated elevation of alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity in human serum. Cancer 1988; 62:516-20. [PMID: 3390792 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19880801)62:3<516::aid-cncr2820620313>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GDP-fucose:N-acetylglucosaminide alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity was measured in sera of patients with various cancers using a synthetic substrate, N-acetyl-2'-O-methyllactosamine, as an acceptor. One hundred twenty-four of the 169 patients showed significantly high levels of the enzyme activity when compared to healthy controls, irrespective of the location of their tumor. However, enzyme levels were in the normal range in patients with non-neoplastic diseases, such as infectious disease, liver disease, and other inflammatory problems as well as in leukemic patients. The chromatofocusing profile of the enzyme using PBE-94 gel over a pH gradient from pH 6.0 to 4.0 demonstrated that the level of enzyme eluted at pH 5.4 was markedly elevated in the sera of stomach and ovarian cancer patients. A correlation was established between alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity and the presence of malignancy which may be used to evaluate the utility of the enzyme as a tumor marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yazawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York
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138
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Hanisch FG, Uhlenbruck G, Peter-Katalinic J, Egge H. Structural studies on oncofetal carbohydrate antigens (Ca 19-9, Ca 50, and Ca 125) carried by O-linked sialyloligosaccharides on human amniotic mucins. Carbohydr Res 1988; 178:29-47. [PMID: 3191509 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucins were extracted from human amniotic fluid in the presence of 45% vol. phenol and separated from the bulk of smaller-sized glycoproteins by exclusion on Sephacryl S400. The mucin-fraction FW, which still contained a minute proportion of mannose, strongly expressed oncofetal antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies C 50, NS 19-9, OC 125, Leu M1, 49 H 8, and 115 C 2. The structures of the respective mucin-linked saccharides responsible for Ca 50-, Ca 19-9-, and Lea-related antigenic activities were analyzed before or after reductive beta-elimination from sialylglycoproteins, and purification of the derived alditols by gel-permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-4 or high performance liquid chromatography. Two ubiquitous (FW2, FW3) and three novel oligosaccharide alditols (FW5) were characterized by f.a.b.- and e.i.-m.s., combined with methylation analysis and chromium trioxide oxidation. The OC 125 epitope on mucin-carried O-glycans was destroyed during reductive cleavage of the saccharides, indicating a conformational involvement of the reducing terminal residue and its mode of conjugation to the protein. Exoglycosidase treatment of the mucin-bound antigen revealed that the epitope structure of OC 125 includes terminal beta-D-galactosyl groups, and terminal sialyl groups that are almost inaccessible to Vibrio cholerae sialidase digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Hanisch
- Abteilung für Immunobiologie der 1. Medizinischen Universitätsklinik Köln, Federal Republic of Germany
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139
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Levery SB, Nudelman E, Kannagi R, Symington FW, Andersen NH, Clausen H, Baldwin M, Hakomori S. 1H-n.m.r. analysis of type-2 chain lacto-gangliosides. Confirmation of structure of a novel cancer-associated fucoganglioside, alpha-NeuAc-(2----6)- beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-[alp ha-L- Fucp-(1----3)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta -D-Glc p- (1----1)-Cer (VI6NeuAcIII3FucnLc6Cer). Carbohydr Res 1988; 178:121-44. [PMID: 3191505 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neolacto-glycosphingolipids, substituted with alpha-NeuAc-(2----3)- and -(2----6)-linked D-Galp residues were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy at 500 MHz in 49:1 (v/v) di(2H3)methyl sulfoxide-deuterium oxide solution. For the simplest structures analyzed, nLc4Cer, IV3NeuAcnLc4Cer, and IV6NeuAcnLc4Cer, sialosylation-induced changes in shifts of terminal and subterminal core residues were interpretable in terms of existing conformational models. Chemical shifts for H-3e and H-3a of NeuAc characteristic for the type of linkage, were also determined. In addition, regularly reproducible shifts were seen for H-1 and other resonances of terminal and subterminal core residues of all structures tested. Chemical-shift correlations proved to be useful in elucidating the structure of a unique ganglioside bearing an internal beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1----3)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1---- 3) residue ("X-trisaccharide") with an alpha-NeuAc-(2----6)-substituted terminal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Levery
- Program of Biochemical Oncology/Membrane Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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140
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Zenita K, Kirihata Y, Kitahara A, Shigeta K, Higuchi K, Hirashima K, Murachi T, Miyake M, Takeda T, Kannagi R. Fucosylated type-2 chain polylactosamine antigens in human lung cancer. Int J Cancer 1988; 41:344-9. [PMID: 2831158 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910410304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Four specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been used to study distributions of fucosylated type-2 chain polylactosamine antigens, Lex, poly Lex, Ley and sialylated Lex-i antigens, in human lung cancer tissues and in the serum of patients with lung cancers. Radioimmunoassay frequently showed abnormally high antigen levels in the sera of 66 lung cancer patients tested. When histological typing was performed, high serum levels of the above 4 antigens were most frequently observed in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung; i.e., after combining the results from the 4 antigens, 75% of the sera from patients with lung adenocarcinoma were positive (50% in the case of large-cell carcinoma, 30% in the case of squamous-cell carcinoma and 27% for small-cell carcinoma). Among the 4 antigens, the sialylated Lex-i antigen had the highest positive incidence, 58%, in the sera of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, compared to 33% for Ley, 29% for poly Lex, and 8% for Lex antigen. On the other hand, when the distributions of these antigens in the lung cancer tissues of 42 patients were studied by immunohistological techniques, the Ley antigen had the highest positive incidence, 100%, in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, poly Lex antigen had 86%, sialylated Lex-i antigen had 71%, and Lex antigen had 29%. In cancer tissues, the incidence of non-sialylated antigens, such as Ley, poly Lex and Lex antigens, often exceeds the positive incidence of the sialylated antigen, but the sialylated form of the antigen, such as sialylated Lex-i antigen, appears more often than the non-sialylated form in patients' sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zenita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University, School of Medicine, Japan
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141
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Jain RK, Abbas SA, Matta KL. Use of O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido- 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2,4,6-tri-O- acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide as a glycosyl donor. Synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 1988; 173:297-302. [PMID: 3359457 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Jain
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State Department of Health, Buffalo 14263
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142
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McKibbin J, Arcolano L, Karlsson KA, Larson G, Thurin J, Brattain M. Glycosphingolipids of cultured human colon carcinoma cells and their drug-resistant sublines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 958:235-46. [PMID: 3337838 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(88)90182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human colon carcinoma cells were analyzed for lipid phosphorus, cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Ceramide mono-, di- and trihexosides and sulfatides were isolated by column and thin-layer chromatography and determined quantitatively on the basis of their hexose content. The complex lipid fractions so isolated were only partially resolved with the material available. Gangliosides GM2 and GM3 and globoside were major components of the fraction and were determined on the basis of their hexose, hexosamine and neuraminic acid content. The HCT 116, 116a and 116b cells contained no fucolipids. Cell lines resistant to mitomycin C, teniposide and etoposide were developed and analyzed. Over the 5 year period of the study sulfatides declined to about one-fourth of their original amounts in both parent and drug-adapted cells. HCT 116 cells adapted to mitomycin C and teniposide had 30% less ceramide monohexoside and a 45% greater cholesterol to lipid phosphorus ratio than the parent cells. Reductions in ceramide dihexoside in the drug-adapted cells were greater than those of the ceramide monohexoside. Galabiosyl ceramide was the major ceramide dihexoside in all the cells and accumulated in HCT 116a to levels 4-6-fold greater than that of the other lines as the only dihexoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McKibbin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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143
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Jain RK, Kohata K, Abbas SA, Matta KL. Synthesis of the isomeric trisaccharides, methyl O-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl- (1----3, 4, and 6)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-beta- D-galactopyranoside. Carbohydr Res 1988; 172:27-35. [PMID: 3349501 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzylation of methyl 3-O-(2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside with benzyl bromide in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of sodium hydride afforded methyl 3-O- (2-acetamido-3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) -2,4,6- tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3). Reductive ring-opening of the benzylidene group of 3 gave methyl 3-O-(2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)- 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (4). Cleavage of the 4,6-acetal group of 3 with hot, 80% aqueous acetic acid afforded the diol (5). Compounds 3, 4, and 5 were each subjected to halide ion-catalyzed glycosylation with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl bromide to produce the corresponding trisaccharide derivatives, which, on catalytic hydrogenation, furnished the title trisaccharides, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Jain
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, New York State Department of Health, Buffalo 14263
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144
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Holmes EH. Characterization of a beta 1----3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase associated with synthesis of type 1 and type 2 lacto-series tumor-associated antigens from the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line SW403. Arch Biochem Biophys 1988; 260:461-8. [PMID: 2963590 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that activation of a normally unexpressed beta 1----3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase is responsible for the accumulation of a wide diversity of both type 1 and 2 lacto-series antigens in human colonic adenocarcinomas. A beta 1----3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase has been solubilized from the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line SW403 by 0.2% Triton X-100 and some of its properties have been studied. The enzyme was active over a broad pH range from 5.8 to 7.5 and had a strict requirement for Mn2+ as a divalent metal ion. Transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to lactosylceramide was optimal when assayed in the presence of a final concentration of Triton CF-54 of 0.3%. Inclusion of CDPcholine in the reaction mixture stimulated the activity by protecting the UDP[14C]GlcNAc from hydrolysis by endogenous enzymes. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme were studied. Km values for acceptors nLc4 and nLc6 were determined to be 0.19 mM for each. However, the Vmax values calculated for these acceptors were 150 and 110 pmol/h/mg protein for nLc4 and nLc6, respectively, suggesting reduced potential for further elongation as the chain length increases. The Km for UDPGlcNAc was determined to be 0.17 mM. Studies of the acceptor specificity have indicated transfer of GlcNAc occurs mainly to type 2 chain nonfucosylated structures. However, elongation of the type 1 chain structure Lc4 was also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Holmes
- Pacific Northwest Research Foundation, Seattle, Washington 98104
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145
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Total synthesis of a stage specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) a glycoheptaosyl ceramide V3FucnLc6Cer. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)80600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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146
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Synthesis of 2-(p-trifluoroacetamidophenyl)ethylO-?-l-fucopyranosyl-(1?3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-?-d-glucopyranosyl) (1?3)-O-?-d-galactopyranosyl-(1?4)-?-d-glucopyranoside, a tetrasaccharide fragment of a tumour-associated glycosphingolipid. Glycoconj J 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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147
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A total synthesis of a stage specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3), globopentaosyl ceramide, IV3GalGb4Cer. Use of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl group as a stereocontrolling auxiliary. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)80845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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148
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Davidson SE, McKenzie JL, Beard ME, Hart DN. The tissue distribution of the 3 alpha-fucosyl-N-acetyl lactosamine determinant recognized by the CD15 monoclonal antibodies CMRF-7 and 27. Pathology 1988; 20:24-31. [PMID: 2897656 DOI: 10.3109/00313028809085192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two monoclonal antibodies, CMRF-7 and 27, which react with cells of the granulocytic series, were obtained from hybridomas cloned from separate fusions. Biochemical studies indicate that both antibodies are of the CD15 group and react with the antigenic determinant 3 alpha-fucosyl-N-acetyl lactosamine (hapten X) expressed on some glycolipids and several different granulocyte glycoproteins with a wide range of molecular weights. The antigen was found on some promyelocytes and more differentiated granulocytes, including neutrophils and some eosinophils, but not basophils. Monocytes, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes were negative for CMRF-7 but neuraminidase treatment revealed "cryptic" sites on monocytes and some lymphoid cells. The antibody CMRF-7 reacted with the majority of acute myeloid leukemia blasts in the FAB categories M2-M5 but less frequently with M1 blasts and was positive with only 5/43 acute lymphoid leukemias. Immunoperoxidase staining of other normal human tissues indicates that this determinant is found on a range of epithelial cells in skin, the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary system. In addition some parts of the central nervous tissue and some endocrine organs stained with these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Davidson
- Department of Haematology, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand
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149
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Hansson GC. Structural aspects of blood group glycosphingolipids in the gastrointestinal tract. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1988; 228:465-94. [PMID: 2459930 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract from different species show a very variable expression of blood group active glycosphingolipids. The core saccharide sequences are typical for the species as, for example, type 1 chains (Gal beta 1----3GlcNAc) are found in the small intestine of man, rat, and pig and type 2 chains (Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc) are found in the small intestine of dog, rabbit, and cat. The mouse is atypical with the ganglioseries as the major core saccharide of the small intestine. Blood group A determinants can be found in the small intestine of man, rat, dog, rabbit, and cat, and the blood group B determinant in man and rabbit. Studies on the blood group active glycosphingolipids along the gastrointestinal tract of rat have revealed a complex distribution. The glandular cells of the stomach and epithelial cells of the large intestine express blood group B active glycosphingolipids. The cores of these are the ganglioseries, and the isogloboseries in the stomach and the lacto- (type 1) and neolactoseries (type 2) in the large intestine. The type 2 component is only expressed as a difucosyl and the type 1 as a monofucosyl compound. The epithelial cells of the small intestine are devoid of blood group B glycolipids, but express blood group H structures of which some has a branched core saccharide. One rat strain is lacking blood group A structures in the small intestine, but another is converting the H precursors to blood group A compounds. Both these strains always express blood group A structures in the large intestine. The expression of blood group A glycosphingolipids in the small intestine is inherited as a dominant trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Göteborg, Sweden
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150
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Kimber SJ, MacQueen HA, Bagley PR. Fucosylated glycoconjugates in mouse preimplantation embryos. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1987; 244:395-408. [PMID: 3443830 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402440307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Preimplantation mouse embryos were metabolically labelled with 3H or 14C-fucose to investigate the synthesis of fucosylated macromolecules. Scintillation counting revealed that there was a progressive increase in both total fucose taken up by the embryo and incorporation of fucose into TCA-precipitable material as embryos developed from the 4-cell to the blastocyst stage. This was reflected in the increasing intensity of bands on autoradiographs of radioactive fucose labelled proteins separated on 10% SDS-PAGs between the 4-cell embryo (at which stage bands were first detectable) and the blastocyst. Minor qualitative changes in fucoproteins were detected at the time of compaction and additional bands appeared at the blastocyst stage. Preliminary analysis of fucolipids in 6- to 8-cell embryos indicated that an approximately equal amount of fucose was incorporated into lipid and protein. Autoradiographs of semi-thin sections of 3H-fucose-labelled embryos showed substantial amounts of radioactive material in the vicinity of the plasma membrane both adjacent to other cells and facing the zona pellucida. These data would support a predominant role for fucoconjugates in cell surface events in the preimplantation embryo from the 8-cell stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kimber
- E.E.T.U., M.R.C. Laboratories, Carshalton, Surrey, England
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