101
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102
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Egan EA, Mantilla G, Nelson RM, Eitzman DV. A prospective controlled trial of oral kanamycin in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 1976; 89:467-70. [PMID: 784926 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(76)80553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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103
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Abstract
Despite the fact that necrotizing enterocolitis is considered a disease of premature infants, 20% of all affected infants at Babies Hospital over the past 20 years were products of term gestations. Two distinct subgroups of such infants were noted (1) five infants with congenital heart disease and/or congestive heart failure (e.g.hypoplastic left heart syndrome), all but one of whom developed the disease in the first week of life; (2) eight infants who developed the disease at a much later age after a protracted period of diarrhea. This histopathologic features of the disease in term infants are the same as those in premature infants. Further, the pathogenesis of the disease in term infants does not appear to differ basically from that in premature infants. These facts, lead away from the concept of NEC as a disease of simple etiology.
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104
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Speer ME, Taber LH, Yow MD, Rudolph AJ, Urteaga J, Waller S. Fulminant neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis associated with a "nonenteropathogenic" strain of Escherichia coli. J Pediatr 1976; 89:91-5. [PMID: 778369 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(76)80939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During 1973 a nonendemic mucoid strain of Escherichia coli entered the nursery of a hospital in Houston. This organism caused septicemia and was associated with a high incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. The illness was fulminant and characterized by apnea, abdominal distension, and shock. Diarrhea was not a feature of the symptom complex. The epidemic organism was nontypable. Assays for invasiveness, enterotoxin production, and Kl antigen were negative. Surveillance revealed a colonization rate of 14%, an attack rate in colonized infants of 19.5%, and a mortality rate of 87.5%. These data suggest that in certain instances the specific bowel flora may increase the incidence and severity of NEC.
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105
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Abstract
Two low-birth-weight infants developed a syndrome of vomitting, distension, septic appearance, and bloody diarrhea. Both infants developed symptoms after ingestion of cow milk-based formula initially, and, later, soy-based formulas. These symptoms resolved with intravenous fluids and alimentation. Vomiting, diarrhea, melena, and polymorphonuclear leukocytosis recurred with reintroduction of either milk- or soy-based formulas. This sensitivity persisted throughout the neonatal period and was still present at seven to eight months of age. It appears from these data that intolerance to whole protein formulas can cause a syndrome similar clinically to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
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106
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Gutman LT, Idriss ZH, Gehlbach S, Blackmon L. Neonatal staphylococcal enterocolitis: association with indwelling feeding catheters and S. aureus colonization. J Pediatr 1976; 88:836-9. [PMID: 818355 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(76)81127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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107
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Touloukian RJ. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: an update on etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Surg Clin North Am 1976; 56:281-98. [PMID: 1265596 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)40877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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108
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109
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Necrotizing enterocolitis. Ir J Med Sci 1975; 144:85. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02938997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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110
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Abstract
The clinical course of 54 patients with necrotizing enterocolitis has been compared to a matched group of 98 control patients. On the day of life that NEC occurred, all 54 NEC patients and 63% of controls were receiving standard formula feedings, both at 80/cal/kg/day. Stool cultures at the time revealed a significantly increased frequency of Klebsiella in NEC as compared to control patients. Our data suggest that the combined presence of certain intestinal bacteria and enteric feedings, perhaps requiring a background of mucosal ischemia, may be of etiologic significance in the development of NEC and its radiologic hallmark, pneumatosis intestinalis.
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111
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Shimokawa R, Sakamoto A, Mori W. Three autopsy cases of so-called neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1974; 24:815-27. [PMID: 4218437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1974.tb00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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112
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Barlow B, Santulli TV, Heird WC, Pitt J, Blanc WA, Schullinger JN. An experimental study of acute neonatal enterocolitis--the importance of breast milk. J Pediatr Surg 1974; 9:587-95. [PMID: 4138917 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(74)90093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Breast Feeding
- Dietary Carbohydrates/analysis
- Dietary Fats/analysis
- Dietary Proteins/analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/etiology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/immunology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/microbiology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/pathology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention & control
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoxia/complications
- Ileum/pathology
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
- Intestines/microbiology
- Klebsiella Infections
- Milk/adverse effects
- Milk/analysis
- Milk/immunology
- Milk/microbiology
- Neomycin/therapeutic use
- Rats
- gamma-Globulins/therapeutic use
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113
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MESH Headings
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/diagnosis
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/diagnostic imaging
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/mortality
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Ileostomy
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/mortality
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/surgery
- Intestinal Perforation/diagnosis
- Intestinal Perforation/surgery
- Male
- Necrosis/surgery
- Pneumoperitoneum/diagnostic imaging
- Radiography
- Rhode Island
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114
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Livaditis A, Wallgren G, Faxelius G. Necrotizing enterocolitis after catheterization of the umbilical vessels. ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 1974; 63:277-82. [PMID: 4820593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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115
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116
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Torma MJ, DeLemos RA, Rogers JR, Diserens HW. Necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Analysis of forty-five consecutive cases. Am J Surg 1973; 126:758-61. [PMID: 4758795 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(73)80065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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117
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Hewitt HB. Book reviewMedical Radiation Biology. By DalrympleG. V., GauldenM. E., KollmorgenG. M., and VogelH. H., pp. xv + 339 (illus.), 1973 (Philadelphia, London and Toronto, W. B. Saunders), £5·45. Br J Radiol 1973. [DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-46-552-1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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118
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Broadie TA, Devedas M, Rysavy J, Delaney JP, Leonard AS. The effect of hypoxia and posterior hypothalamic stimulation on colonic blood flow in the weanling puppy. J Pediatr Surg 1973; 8:747-56. [PMID: 4753009 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(73)90417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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119
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Lloyd DA, Cywes S. Intestinal stenosis and enterocyst formation as late complications of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 1973; 8:479-86. [PMID: 4585717 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(73)90210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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120
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Leonidas JC, Krasna IH, Fox HA, Broder MS. Periotoneal fluid in necrotizing enterocolitis: a radiologic sign of clinical deterioration. J Pediatr 1973; 82:672-5. [PMID: 4698341 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(73)80594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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121
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122
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123
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Stein H, Beck J, Solomon A, Schmaman A. Gastroenteritis with necrotizing enterocolitis in premature babies. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1972; 2:616-9. [PMID: 5031684 PMCID: PMC1788389 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5814.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Eleven premature babies developed necrotizing enterocolitis in an epidemic of gastroenteritis and salmonella infection. This occurred in one of two premature baby wards over a period of 10 weeks. All affected babies had severe gastroenteritis and six had salmonella infection. No cases of necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in the unaffected ward during the same period. All other possible factors which might have predisposed to necrotizing enterocolitis occurred with equal frequency in both wards.There seems little doubt that infection was the significant factor in the pathogenesis.
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124
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Touloukian RJ, Posch JN, Spencer R. The pathogenesis of ischemic gastroenterocolitis of the neonate: selective gut mucosal ischemia in asphyxiated neonatal piglets. J Pediatr Surg 1972; 7:194-205. [PMID: 5023196 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(72)90496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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125
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126
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127
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128
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Stevenson JK, Oliver TK, Graham CB, Bell RS, Gould VE. Aggressive treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: 38 patients with 25 survivors. J Pediatr Surg 1971; 6:28-35. [PMID: 5552891 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(71)90664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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129
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130
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Rosenfeld CR. Intramural intestinal gas in infants. N Engl J Med 1970; 283:153. [PMID: 5423152 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197007162830317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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131
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Krasna IH, Becker JM, Schneider KM, Beck AR. Colonic stenosis following necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn. J Pediatr Surg 1970; 5:200-6. [PMID: 5419070 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(70)90276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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132
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Stevenson JK, Graham CB, Oliver TK, Goldenberg VE. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. A report of twenty-one cases with fourteen survivors. Am J Surg 1969; 118:260-72. [PMID: 5798396 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(69)90129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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133
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134
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Verby HD, Castellino RA, Friedland GW, Northway WH. Portal vein gas complicating Hirschsprung's disease with enterocolitis. The journal The Journal of Pediatrics 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(68)80276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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135
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136
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137
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Schwartz S, Boley S, Schultz L, Allen A. A survey of vascular diseases of the small intestine. Semin Roentgenol 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/0037-198x(66)90013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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