101
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Vidossich P, Alfonso-Prieto M, Rovira C. Catalases versus peroxidases: DFT investigation of H₂O₂ oxidation in models systems and implications for heme protein engineering. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:292-7. [PMID: 22883961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Catalases and peroxidases are ubiquitous heme enzymes that catalyze the removal of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Both enzymes use one molecule of hydrogen peroxide to form a high valent iron intermediate named Compound I (Cpd I). However, whereas catalase Cpd I oxidizes a second H(2)O(2) molecule to oxygen, peroxidases use this intermediate to oxidize other substrates rather than H(2)O(2). The origin of the different reactivity of peroxidases and catalases is not known, but it is likely to be related to structural differences between the two heme active sites. Recent modeling studies suggest that the oxidation of H(2)O(2) by catalase Cpd I may take place by two hydrogen atom transfer steps. In this work, we investigate how catalases and peroxidases compare along the same hydrogen transfer steps to give hints into the question why peroxidases cannot efficiently oxidize H(2)O(2). The use of simplified models allows us to probe the direct effect of the proximal ligand (tyrosinate in catalases and histidine in peroxidases) without masking from the protein environment. We show that the nature of the fifth ligand (His in peroxidase and Tyr in catalase) has little effect on the energy barriers of the hydrogen transfer steps. On the contrary, the Cpd I-hydrogen peroxide (O(Fe)-O(peroxide)) distance affects significantly the reaction barriers. We propose that the distal side architecture of peroxidases do not allow to attain short O(Cpd I)-O(peroxide) distances, thus resulting in a lower efficiency towards H(2)O(2) oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Vidossich
- Unitat de Química Física, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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102
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Korth HG, Meier AC, Auferkamp O, Sicking W, de Groot H, Sustmann R, Kirsch M. Ascorbic acid reduction of compound I of mammalian catalases proceeds via specific binding to the NADPH binding pocket. Biochemistry 2012; 51:4693-703. [PMID: 22616883 DOI: 10.1021/bi2017602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian (Clade 3) catalases utilize NADPH as a protective cofactor to prevent one-electron reduction of the central reactive intermediate Compound I (Cpd I) to the catalytically inactive Compound II (Cpd II) species by re-reduction of Cpd I to the enzyme's resting state (ferricatalase). It has long been known that ascorbate/ascorbic acid is capable of reducing Cpd I of NADPH-binding catalases to Cpd II, but the mode of this one-electron reduction had hitherto not been explored. We here demonstrate that ascorbate-mediated reduction of Cpd I, generated by addition of peroxoacetic acid to NADPH-free bovine liver catalase (BLC), requires specific binding of the ascorbate anion to the NADPH binding pocket. Ascorbate-mediated Cpd II formation was found to be suppressed by added NADPH in a concentration-dependent manner, for the achievement of complete suppression at a stoichiometric 1:1 NADPH:heme concentration ratio. Cpd I → Cpd II reduction by ascorbate was similarly inhibited by addition of NADH, NADP(+), thio-NADP(+), or NAD(+), though with 0.5-, 0.1-, 0.1-, and 0.01-fold reduced efficiencies, respectively, in agreement with the relative binding affinities of these dinucleotides. Unexpected was the observation that although Cpd II formation is not observed in the presence of NADP(+), the decay of Cpd I is slightly accelerated by ascorbate rather than retarded, leading to direct regeneration of ferricatalase. The experimental findings are supported by molecular mechanics docking computations, which show a similar binding of NADPH, NADP(+), and NADH, but not NAD(+), as found in the X-ray structure of NADPH-loaded human erythrocyte catalase. The computations suggest that two ascorbate molecules may occupy the empty NADPH pocket, preferably binding to the adenine binding site. The biological relevance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Korth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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103
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Nakamura K, Kanno T, Mokudai T, Iwasawa A, Niwano Y, Kohno M. Microbial resistance in relation to catalase activity to oxidative stress induced by photolysis of hydrogen peroxide. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:48-55. [PMID: 22040121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanism of microbial resistance to oxidative stress induced by photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in relation to microbial catalase activity. In microbicidal tests, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were killed and this was accompanied by production of hydroxyl radicals. C. albicans was more resistant to hydroxyl radicals generated by photolysis of H(2)O(2) than was S. aureus. A catalase activity assay demonstrated that C. albicans had stronger catalase activity; accordingly, catalase activity could be one of the reasons for the resistance of the fungus to photolysis of H(2)O(2). Indeed, it was demonstrated that C. albicans with strong catalase activity was more resistant to photolysis of H(2)O(2) than that with weak catalase activity. Kinetic analysis using a modified Lineweaver-Burk plot also demonstrated that the microorganisms reacted directly with hydroxyl radicals and that this was accompanied by decomposition of H(2)O(2). The results of the present study suggest that the microbicidal effects of hydroxyl radicals generated by photolysis of H(2)O(2) can be alleviated by decomposition of H(2)O(2) by catalase in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakamura
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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104
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Hwang JW, Kim EK, Lee SJ, Kim YS, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Sung SH, Kim ET, Park PJ. Antioxidant activity and protective effect of anthocyanin oligomers on H₂O₂-triggered G2/M arrest in retinal cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4282-4288. [PMID: 22380882 DOI: 10.1021/jf205321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the free-radical-scavenging properties of anthocyanin oligomers for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, alkyl radical, and hydroxyl radical were evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The DPPH radical, alkyl radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of anthocyanin oligomers increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 13.0, 14.0, and 448.0 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effect of anthocyanin oligomers on lipid peroxidation was examined with ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA). The inhibitory activity of anthocyanin oligomers was found to be comparable to that of vitamin E. In addition, anthocyanin oligomers enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx, EC 1.11.1.9), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) in ARPE-19 cells. In addition, anthocyanin oligomers inhibited the H₂O₂-induced G2/M phase arrest in ARPE-19 cells. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that anthocyanin oligomers have high antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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105
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Karipcin F, Culu B, Sharma SK, Qanungo K. Cyano-Bridged ‘Oximato’ Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalase-Like Activities. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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106
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Harrison A, Bakaletz LO, Munson RS. Haemophilus influenzae and oxidative stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:40. [PMID: 22919631 PMCID: PMC3417577 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract. H. influenzae can, however, move out of its commensal niche and cause multiple respiratory tract diseases. Such diseases include otitis media in young children, as well as exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and bronchitis. During the course of colonization and infection, H. influenzae must withstand oxidative stress generated by multiple reactive oxygen species produced endogenously, by other co-pathogens and by host cells. H. influenzae has, therefore, evolved multiple mechanisms that protect the cell against oxygen-generated stresses. In this review, we will describe these systems relative to the well-described systems in Escherichia coli. Moreover, we will compare how H. influenzae combats the effect of oxidative stress as a necessary phenotype for its roles as both a successful commensal and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Harrison
- The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH, USA. alistair.harrison@ nationwidechildrens.org
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107
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Oxidation of phenolic compounds by the bifunctional catalase-phenol oxidase (CATPO) from Scytalidium thermophilum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:661-72. [PMID: 22370948 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum produces a novel bifunctional catalase with an additional phenol oxidase activity (CATPO); however, its phenol oxidation spectrum is not known. Here, 14 phenolic compounds were selected as substrates, among which (+)-catechin, catechol, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid yielded distinct oxidation products examined by reversed-phase HPLC chromatography method. Characterization of the products by LC-ESI/MS and UV-vis spectroscopy suggests the formation of dimers of dehydrocatechin type B (hydrophilic) and type A (hydrophobic), as well as oligomers, namely, a trimer and tetramer from (+)-catechin, the formation of a dimer and oligomer of catechol, a dimer from caffeic acid with a caffeicin-like structure, as well as trimeric and tetrameric derivatives, and a single major product from chlorogenic acid suggested to be a dimer. Based on the results, CATPO oxidizes phenolic compounds ranging from simple phenols to polyphenols but all having an ortho-diphenolic structure in common. The enzyme also appears to have stereoselectivity due to the oxidation of (+)-catechin, but not that of epicatechin. It is suggested that CATPO may contribute to the antioxidant mechanism of the fungus and may be of value for future food and biotechnology applications where such a bifunctional activity would be desirable.
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108
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Characterization of catalase from psychrotolerant Psychrobacter piscatorii T-3 exhibiting high catalase activity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:1733-1746. [PMID: 22408420 PMCID: PMC3291989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13021733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A psychrotolerant bacterium, strain T-3 (identified as Psychrobacter piscatorii), that exhibited an extraordinarily high catalase activity was isolated from the drain pool of a plant that uses H2O2 as a bleaching agent. Its cell extract exhibited a catalase activity (19,700 U·mg protein−1) that was higher than that of Micrococcus luteus used for industrial catalase production. Catalase was approximately 10% of the total proteins in the cell extract of the strain. The catalase (PktA) was purified homogeneously by only two purification steps, anion exchange and hydrophobic chromatographies. The purified catalase exhibited higher catalytic efficiency and higher sensitivity of activity at high temperatures than M. luteus catalase. The deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest homology with catalase of Psycrobacter cryohalolentis, a psychrotolelant bacterium obtained from Siberian permafrost. These findings suggest that the characteristics of the PktA molecule reflected the taxonomic relationship of the isolate as well as the environmental conditions (low temperatures and high concentrations of H2O2) under which the bacterium survives. Strain T-3 efficiently produces a catalase (PktA) at a higher rate than Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans, which produces a very strong activity of catalase (EktA) at a moderate rate, in order to adapt to high concentration of H2O2.
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109
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Acute changes in temperature or oxygen availability induce ROS fluctuations in Daphnia magna linked with fluctuations of reduced and oxidized glutathione, catalase activity and gene (haemoglobin) expression. Biol Cell 2012; 103:351-63. [DOI: 10.1042/bc20100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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110
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Bailes J, Gazi S, Ivanova R, Soloviev M. Effect of gold nanoparticle conjugation on the activity and stability of functional proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 906:89-99. [PMID: 22791426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-953-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of functional proteins such as enzymes on solid surfaces produces a variety of effects ranging from the reversal and strong inhibition to the enhancement of protein stability and function. Such effects are protein-dependent and are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the surfaces. Functional consequences of protein immobilization on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are protein-dependent and require thorough investigation using suitable functional tests. However, traditional approaches to making control samples, i.e., immobilized protein vs. protein in solution in absence of any nanoparticles do not provide sufficiently identical reaction conditions and complicate interpretation of the results. This report provides advice and methods for preparing AuNP-conjugated preparations generally suitable for studying the effects of immobilization on the activity and stability of different functional proteins. We use bovine catalase to illustrate our approach, but the methods are easily adaptable to any other enzyme or protein. The AuNP-immobilized enzyme showed increased stability at elevated temperatures compared to the same enzyme in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bailes
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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111
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Anthocyanin effectively scavenges free radicals and protects retinal cells from H2O2-triggered G2/M arrest. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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112
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Thirty years of heme catalases structural biology. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 525:102-10. [PMID: 22209752 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
About thirty years ago the crystal structures of the heme catalases from Penicillium vitale (PVC) and, a few months later, from bovine liver (BLC) were published. Both enzymes were compact tetrameric molecules with subunits that, despite their size differences and the large phylogenetic separation between the two organisms, presented a striking structural similarity for about 460 residues. The high conservation, confirmed in all the subsequent structures determined, suggested a strong pressure to preserve a functional catalase fold, which is almost exclusively found in these mono-functional heme catalases. However, even in the absence of the catalase fold an efficient catalase activity is also found in the heme containing catalase-peroxidase proteins. The structure of these broad substrate range enzymes, reported for the first time less than ten years ago from the halophilic archaebacterium Haloarcula marismortui (HmCPx) and from the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (BpKatG), showed a heme pocket closely related to that of plant peroxidases, though with a number of unique modifications that enable the catalase reaction. Despite the wealth of structural information already available, for both monofunctional catalases and catalase-peroxidases, a number of unanswered major questions require continuing structural research with truly innovative approaches.
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113
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Estevez AY, Erlichman JS. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Neurological Oxidative Stress Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Estevez
- Biology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York 13617
- Psychology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York 13617
| | - J. S. Erlichman
- Biology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York 13617
- Psychology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York 13617
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114
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Soares JC, Moreira PR, Queiroga AC, Morgado J, Malcata FX, Pintado ME. Application of immobilized enzyme technologies for the textile industry: a review. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2011.635301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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115
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Freitas MO, Francisco T, Rodrigues TA, Alencastre IS, Pinto MP, Grou CP, Carvalho AF, Fransen M, Sá-Miranda C, Azevedo JE. PEX5 protein binds monomeric catalase blocking its tetramerization and releases it upon binding the N-terminal domain of PEX14. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40509-19. [PMID: 21976670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.287201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized peroxisomal matrix proteins are targeted to the organelle by PEX5. PEX5 has a dual role in this process. First, it acts as a soluble receptor recognizing these proteins in the cytosol. Subsequently, at the peroxisomal docking/translocation machinery, PEX5 promotes their translocation across the organelle membrane. Despite significant advances made in recent years, several aspects of this pathway remain unclear. Two important ones regard the formation and disruption of the PEX5-cargo protein interaction in the cytosol and at the docking/translocation machinery, respectively. Here, we provide data on the interaction of PEX5 with catalase, a homotetrameric enzyme in its native state. We found that PEX5 interacts with monomeric catalase yielding a stable protein complex; no such complex was detected with tetrameric catalase. Binding of PEX5 to monomeric catalase potently inhibits its tetramerization, a property that depends on domains present in both the N- and C-terminal halves of PEX5. Interestingly, the PEX5-catalase interaction is disrupted by the N-terminal domain of PEX14, a component of the docking/translocation machinery. One or two of the seven PEX14-binding diaromatic motifs present in the N-terminal half of PEX5 are probably involved in this phenomenon. These results suggest the following: 1) catalase domain(s) involved in the interaction with PEX5 are no longer accessible upon tetramerization of the enzyme; 2) the catalase-binding interface in PEX5 is not restricted to its C-terminal peroxisomal targeting sequence type 1-binding domain and also involves PEX5 N-terminal domain(s); and 3) PEX14 participates in the cargo protein release step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta O Freitas
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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116
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Ray M, Mishra P, Das P, Sabat SC. Expression and purification of soluble bio-active rice plant catalase-A from recombinant Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2011; 157:12-9. [PMID: 21978604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalase in plants is a heme-coordinated tetrameric protein that primarily disproportionates hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. It plays an important role in maintaining cellular concentration of hydrogen peroxide to a level, necessary for all aspects of normal plant growth and development. Except for its recombinant expression in transgenic plants and insect cell line, the protein is yet to be synthesized in its bio-active form in prokaryotic expression system. Attempts made in past for recombinant expression of plant catalase in Escherichia coli consistently resulted in formation of insoluble and inactive aggregates of inclusion body. Here we have shown the specific requirement of a thioredoxin fusion partner, the involvement of trigger factor protein and the low temperature treatment during induction period for synthesis of completely solubilized rice plant catalase-A in recombinant E. coli. Furthermore, the bacteria required the supplementation of δ-aminolevulinic acid to produce bio-active recombinant rice catalase-A. The molecular and biochemical properties of the purified recombinant protein showed the characteristic features of a typical mono-functional plant catalase. These results attest to the usefulness of the present protocol for production of plant catalase using E. coli as heterologous expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Ray
- Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, Orissa, India
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117
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Abstract
Mammalian aging is associated with elevated levels of oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and lipids as a result of unbalanced prooxidant and antioxidant activities. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress is a major physiological inducer of aging. p53, the guardian of the genome that is important for cellular responses to oxidative stresses, might be a key coordinator of oxidative stress and aging. In response to low levels of oxidative stresses, p53 exhibits antioxidant activities to eliminate oxidative stress and ensure cell survival; in response to high levels of oxidative stresses, p53 exhibits pro-oxidative activities that further increase the levels of stresses, leading to cell death. p53 accomplishes these context-dependent roles by regulating the expression of a panel of genes involved in cellular responses to oxidative stresses and by modulating other pathways important for oxidative stress responses. The mechanism that switches p53 function from antioxidant to prooxidant remains unclear, but could account for the findings that increased p53 activities have been linked to both accelerated aging and increased life span in mice. Therefore, a balance of p53 antioxidant and prooxidant activities in response to oxidative stresses could be important for longevity by suppressing the accumulation of oxidative stresses and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Liu
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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118
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Ray A, Rosair GM, Pilet G, Dede B, Gómez-García CJ, Signorella S, Bellú S, Mitra S. Preferential azido bridging regulating the structural aspects in cobalt(III) and copper(II)–Schiff base complexes: Syntheses, magnetostructural correlations and catalytic studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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119
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Jeon JR, Baldrian P, Murugesan K, Chang YS. Laccase-catalysed oxidations of naturally occurring phenols: from in vivo biosynthetic pathways to green synthetic applications. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 5:318-32. [PMID: 21791030 PMCID: PMC3821676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are oxidases that contain several copper atoms, and catalyse single-electron oxidations of phenolic compounds with concomitant reduction of oxygen to water. The enzymes are particularly widespread in ligninolytic basidiomycetes, but also occur in certain prokaryotes, insects and plants. Depending on the species, laccases are involved in various biosynthetic processes contributing to carbon recycling in land ecosystems and the morphogenesis of biomatrices, wherein low-molecular-weight naturally occurring phenols serve as key enzyme substrates. Studies of these in vivo synthetic pathways have afforded new insights into fungal laccase applicability in green synthetic chemistry. Thus, we here review fungal laccase-catalysed oxidations of naturally occurring phenols that are particularly relevant to the synthesis of fine organic chemicals, and we discuss how the discovered synthetic strategies mimic laccase-involved in vivo pathways, thus enhancing the green nature of such reactions. Laccase-catalysed in vivo processes yield several types of biopolymers, including those of cuticles, lignin, polyflavonoids, humus and the melanin pigments, using natural mono- or poly-phenols as building blocks. The in vivo synthetic pathways involve either phenoxyl radical-mediated coupling or cross-linking reactions, and can be adapted to the design of in vitro oxidative processes involving fungal laccases in organic synthesis; the laccase substrates and the synthetic mechanisms reflect in vivo processes. Notably, such in vitro synthetic pathways can also reproduce physicochemical properties (e.g. those of chromophores, and radical-scavenging, hydration and antimicrobial activities) found in natural biomaterials. Careful study of laccase-associated in vivo metabolic pathways has been rewarded by the discovery of novel green applications for fungal laccases. This review comprehensively summarizes the available data on laccase-catalysed biosynthetic pathways and associated applications in fine chemical syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Rok Jeon
- Corporate R&D Group, LG Chem Research Park, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
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120
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Glorieux C, Dejeans N, Sid B, Beck R, Calderon PB, Verrax J. Catalase overexpression in mammary cancer cells leads to a less aggressive phenotype and an altered response to chemotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1384-90. [PMID: 21689642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally produced as a consequence of aerobic metabolism, cells have developed a sophisticated set of antioxidant molecules to prevent the toxic accumulation of these species. However, compared with normal cells, malignant cells often exhibit increased levels of intracellular ROS and altered levels of antioxidant molecules. The resulting endogenous oxidative stress favors tumor growth by promoting genetic instability, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In this context, we assessed the influence of catalase overexpression on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells towards various anticancer treatments. Our data show that catalase overexpression in MCF-7 cells leads to a 7-fold increase in catalase activity but provokes a 40% decrease in the expression of both glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin II. Interestingly, proliferation and migration capacities of MCF-7 cells were impaired by the overexpression of catalase, as compared to parental cells. Regarding their sensitivity to anticancer treatments, we observed that cells overexpressing catalase were more sensitive to paclitaxel, etoposide and arsenic trioxide. However, no effect was observed on the cytotoxic response to ionizing radiations, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin or doxorubicin. Finally, we observed that catalase overexpression protects cancer cells against the pro-oxidant combination of ascorbate and menadione, suggesting that changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes could be a mechanism of resistance of cancer cells towards redox-based chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Belgium
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121
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Yamaguchi H, Sugiyama K, Hosoya M, Takahashi S, Nakayama T. Gene cloning and biochemical characterization of a catalase from Gluconobacter oxydans. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 111:522-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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122
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Abstract
It is well established that contracting muscles produce both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Although the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated, growing evidence suggests that mitochondria are not the dominant source. Regardless of the sources of oxidants in contracting muscles, intense and prolonged exercise can result in oxidative damage to both proteins and lipids in the contracting myocytes. Further, oxidants regulate numerous cell signaling pathways and modulate the expression of many genes. This oxidant-mediated change in gene expression involves changes at transcriptional, mRNA stability, and signal transduction levels. Furthermore, numerous products associated with oxidant-modulated genes have been identified and include antioxidant enzymes, stress proteins, and mitochondrial electron transport proteins. Interestingly, low and physiological levels of reactive oxygen species are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle, but high levels of reactive oxygen species result in contractile dysfunction and fatigue. Ongoing research continues to explore the redox-sensitive targets in muscle that are responsible for both redox regulation of muscle adaptation and oxidant-mediated muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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123
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Alfonso-Prieto M, Oberhofer H, Klein ML, Rovira C, Blumberger J. Proton Transfer Drives Protein Radical Formation in Helicobacter pylori Catalase but Not in Penicillium vitale Catalase. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4285-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alfonso-Prieto
- Computer Simulation & Modeling Laboratory, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - H. Oberhofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - M. L. Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - C. Rovira
- Computer Simulation & Modeling Laboratory, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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124
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Rieth S, Badjić JD. The Effect of the Dynamics of Revolving Gates on the Kinetics of Molecular Encapsulation-The Activity/Selectivity Relationship. Chemistry 2011; 17:2562-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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125
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Regulation of catalase-peroxidase KatG is OxyR dependent and Fur independent in Caulobacter crescentus. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:1734-44. [PMID: 21257767 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01339-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organisms that grow in the presence of oxygen possess catalases and/or peroxidases, which are necessary for scavenging the H(2)O(2) produced by aerobic metabolism. In this work we investigate the pathways that regulate the Caulobacter crescentus katG gene, encoding the only enzyme with catalase-peroxidase function in this bacterium. The transcriptional start site of the katG gene was determined, showing a short 5' untranslated region. The katG regulatory region was mapped by serial deletions, and the results indicate that there is a single promoter, which is responsible for induction at stationary phase. An oxyR mutant strain was constructed; it showed decreased katG expression, and no KatG protein or catalase-peroxidase activity was detected in stationary-phase cell extracts, implying that OxyR is the main positive regulator of the C. crescentus katG gene. Purified OxyR protein bound to the katG regulatory region between nucleotides -42 and -91 from the transcription start site, as determined by a DNase I footprinting assay, and a canonical OxyR binding site was found in this region. Moreover, OxyR binding was shown to be redox dependent, given that only oxidized proteins bound adjacent to the -35 sequence of the promoter and the katG P1 promoter was activated by OxyR in an H(2)O(2)-dependent manner. On the other hand, this work showed that the iron-responsive regulator Fur does not regulate C. crescentus katG, since a fur mutant strain presented wild-type levels of katG transcription and catalase-peroxidase production and activity, and the purified Fur protein was not able to bind to the katG regulatory region.
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126
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Vatsyayan P, Bordoloi S, Goswami P. Large catalase based bioelectrode for biosensor application. Biophys Chem 2010; 153:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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127
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Synthesis and characterization of thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-bovine liver catalase bioconjugate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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128
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Acidic pH conditions induce dissociation of the haem from the protein and destabilise the catalase isolated from Aspergillus terreus. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:347-51. [PMID: 20972700 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The stability (half-life, t(½)) of the large catalase (CAT) isolated from Aspergillus terreus was decreased under acidic conditions (maximum t(½) approximately 8.5 months at pH ≤ 6) versus alkaline conditions (t(½) approximately 15 months at pH 8-12). Acidic conditions induce the dissociation of haem from CAT, as revealed from a reduction in the Soret peak intensity at 405 nm and an increase in the peak current at Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) redox potentials. This increase in current is attributed to the facile electron transfer from the free haem generated on the electrode surface as a result of its disintegration from the insulating protein matrix. The haem isolated from CAT at acidic condition was reconstituted with apo-CAT at alkaline denaturing conditions to regenerate the CAT activity.
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129
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Heck DE, Shakarjian M, Kim HD, Laskin JD, Vetrano AM. Mechanisms of oxidant generation by catalase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1203:120-5. [PMID: 20716293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme catalase converts solar radiation into reactive oxidant species (ROS). In this study, we report that several bacterial catalases (hydroperoxidases, HP), including Escherichia coli HP-I and HP-II also generate reactive oxidants in response to ultraviolet B light (UVB). HP-I and HP-II are identical except for the presence of NADPH. We found that only one of the catalases, HPI, produces oxidants in response to UVB light, indicating a potential role for the nucleotide in ROS production. This prompts us to speculate that NADPH may act as a cofactor regulating ROS generation by mammalian catalases. Structural analysis of the NADPH domains of several mammalian catalases revealed that the nucleotide is bound in a constrained conformation and that UVB irradiation induces NADPH oxidation and positional changes. Biochemical and kinetic analysis indicate that ROS formation by the enzyme is enhanced by oxidation of the cofactor. Conformational changes following absorption of UVB light by catalase NADPH have the potential to facilitate ROS production by the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Heck
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
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130
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Nakamura K, Kanno T, Mokudai T, Iwasawa A, Niwano Y, Kohno M. A novel analytical method to evaluate directly catalase activity of microorganisms and mammalian cells by ESR oximetry. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1036-43. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.495750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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131
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Zeng HW, Cai YJ, Liao XR, Qian SL, Zhang F, Zhang DB. Optimization of catalase production and purification and characterization of a novel cold-adapted Cat-2 from mesophilic bacterium Serratia marcescens SYBC-01. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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132
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133
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Kim MH, Chi YS, Han JH. A New Stereoisomer of Mn(II) Tris(2-Pyridylmethyl)amine Complex, [TPA2Mn](ClO4)2. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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134
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Jiao M, Zhou YL, Li HT, Zhang DL, Chen J, Liang Y. Structural and functional alterations of two multidomain oxidoreductases induced by guanidine hydrochloride. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:30-8. [PMID: 20043044 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmp107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolding and refolding of two multidomain oxidoreductases, bovine liver catalase and flavoprotein bovine milk xanthine oxidase (XO), have been analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and activity measurements. Two intermediates, a partially folded active dimer disassembled from the native tetramer and a partially folded inactivated monomer, are found to exist in the conformational changes of catalase induced by guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl). Similarly, two intermediates, an active, compacted intermediate bound by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) partially and an inactive flexible intermediate with FAD completely dissociated, exist in the conformational changes of XO induced by GdnHCl. The activity regains completely and an enhancement in activity compared with the native catalase or native XO is observed by dilution of catalase or XO incubated with GdnHCl at concentrations not >0.5 or 1.8 M into the refolding buffer, but the yield of reactivation for catalase or XO is zero when the concentration of GdnHCl is >1.5 or 3.0 M. The addition of FAD provides a remarkable protection against the inactivation of XO by GdnHCl under mild denaturing conditions, and the conformational change of XO is irreversible after FAD has been removed in the presence of a strong denaturing agent. These findings provide impetus for exploring the influences of cofactors such as FAD on the structure-function relationship of xanthine oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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135
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Pakhomova S, Gao B, Boeglin WE, Brash AR, Newcomer ME. The structure and peroxidase activity of a 33-kDa catalase-related protein from Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. Protein Sci 2009; 18:2559-68. [PMID: 19827095 PMCID: PMC2821274 DOI: 10.1002/pro.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
True catalases are tyrosine-liganded, usually tetrameric, hemoproteins with subunit sizes of approximately 55-84 kDa. Recently characterized hemoproteins with a catalase-related structure, yet lacking in catalatic activity, include the 40-43 kDa allene oxide synthases of marine invertebrates and cyanobacteria. Herein, we describe the 1.8 A X-ray crystal structure of a 33 kDa subunit hemoprotein from Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (annotated as MAP-2744c), that retains the core elements of the catalase fold and exhibits an organic peroxide-dependent peroxidase activity. MAP-2744c exhibits negligible catalatic activity, weak peroxidatic activity using hydrogen peroxide (20/s) and strong peroxidase activity (approximately 300/s) using organic hydroperoxides as co-substrate. Key amino acid differences significantly impact prosthetic group conformation and placement and confer a distinct activity to this prototypical member of a group of conserved bacterial "minicatalases". Its structural features and the result of the enzyme assays support a role for MAP-2744c and its close homologues in mitigating challenge by a variety of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Pakhomova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Benlian Gao
- Pharmacology Department, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - William E Boeglin
- Pharmacology Department, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Alan R Brash
- Pharmacology Department, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, Louisiana,*Correspondence to: Marcia E. Newcomer, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. E-mail:
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136
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Zhou HX, McCammon JA. The gates of ion channels and enzymes. Trends Biochem Sci 2009; 35:179-85. [PMID: 19926290 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein dynamics are essential for virtually all protein functions, certainly for gating mechanisms of ion channels and regulation of enzyme catalysis. Ion channels usually feature a gate in the channel pore that prevents ion permeation in the closed state. Some bifunctional enzymes with two distant active sites use a tunnel to transport intermediate products; a gate can help prevent premature leakage. Enzymes with a buried active site also require a tunnel for substrate entrance; a gate along the tunnel can contribute to selectivity. The gates in these different contexts show distinct characteristics in sequence, structure and dynamics, but they also have common features. In particular, aromatic residues often appear to serve as gates, probably because of their ability, through side chain rotation, to effect large changes in cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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137
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Alfonso-Prieto M, Biarnés X, Vidossich P, Rovira C. The Molecular Mechanism of the Catalase Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11751-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9018572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xevi Biarnés
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
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138
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Pérez VI, Bokov A, Van Remmen H, Mele J, Ran Q, Ikeno Y, Richardson A. Is the oxidative stress theory of aging dead? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1005-14. [PMID: 19524016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the oxidative stress (or free radical) theory of aging is the most popular explanation of how aging occurs at the molecular level. While data from studies in invertebrates (e.g., C. elegans and Drosophila) and rodents show a correlation between increased lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress (and in some cases reduced oxidative damage to macromolecules), direct evidence showing that alterations in oxidative damage/stress play a role in aging are limited to a few studies with transgenic Drosophila that overexpress antioxidant enzymes. Over the past eight years, our laboratory has conducted an exhaustive study on the effect of under- or overexpressing a large number and wide variety of genes coding for antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we present the survival data from these studies together. Because only one (the deletion of the Sod1 gene) of the 18 genetic manipulations we studied had an effect on lifespan, our data calls into serious question the hypothesis that alterations in oxidative damage/stress play a role in the longevity of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana I Pérez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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139
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Box A, Sureda A, Deudero S. Antioxidant response of the bivalve Pinna nobilis colonised by invasive red macroalgae Lophocladia lallemandii. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:456-60. [PMID: 19010448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species represent a risk to natural ecosystems and a biodiversity hazard. The present work aims to determine the antioxidant enzyme response - superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), the phase II detoxifying enzyme - glutathione S-transferase (GST) - and markers of oxidative damage - thioredoxin reductase (TR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) - in gills and digestive gland of Pinna nobilis and to study the antioxidant response effects in the bivalve colonised by the invasive macroalgae Lophocladia lallemandii. Colonised specimens were collected in a control area without L. lallemandii and another area completely colonised by L. lallemandii. All enzyme activities were found to be present in gills and digestive gland, with some tissue differences. CAT and SOD activities were higher in gills than digestive gland, whereas GST activity and MDA levels were higher in digestive gland. The presence of L. lallemandii induced a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both gills and digestive gland, except for CAT activity in gills. GST and TR activities were also increased in both tissues, as well as the MDA concentration. We can conclude that the presence of L. lallemandii colonising P. nobilis induces a biological stress and oxidative damage to the fan mussel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Box
- Marine Biology Laboratory, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
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140
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Alves WA, Matos IO, Takahashi PM, Bastos EL, Martinho H, Ferreira JG, Silva CC, de Almeida Santos RH, Paduan-Filho A, Da Costa Ferreira AM. A Chloro-Bridged Linear Chain Imine-Copper(II) Complex and Its Application as an Enzyme-Free Amperometric Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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141
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Sutay Kocabas D, Pearson AR, Phillips SEV, Bakir U, Ogel ZB, McPherson MJ, Trinh CH. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a bifunctional catalase-phenol oxidase from Scytalidium thermophilum. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:486-8. [PMID: 19407383 PMCID: PMC2675591 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109012007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalase-phenol oxidase from Scytalidium thermophilum is a bifunctional enzyme: its major activity is the catalase-mediated decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, but it also catalyzes phenol oxidation. To understand the structural basis of this dual functionality, the enzyme, which has been shown to be a tetramer in solution, has been purified by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography and has been crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique. Streak-seeding was used to obtain larger crystals suitable for X-ray analysis. Diffraction data were collected to 2.8 A resolution at the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source. The crystals belonged to space group P2(1) and contained one tetramer per asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Sutay Kocabas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arwen R. Pearson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Simon E. V. Phillips
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Ufuk Bakir
- Chemical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zumrut B. Ogel
- Food Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michael J. McPherson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
| | - Chi H. Trinh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England
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142
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Latifi
- Aix-Marseille Université and Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, CNRS-UPR9043, Marseille, France.
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143
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Pérez VI, Van Remmen H, Bokov A, Epstein CJ, Vijg J, Richardson A. The overexpression of major antioxidant enzymes does not extend the lifespan of mice. Aging Cell 2009; 8:73-5. [PMID: 19077044 PMCID: PMC2667893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of overexpressing antioxidant enzymes on the lifespans of transgenic mice that overexpress copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase, or combinations of either CuZnSOD and catalase or CuZnSOD and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Our results show that the overexpression of these major antioxidant enzymes, which are known to scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments, is insufficient to extend lifespan in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana I Pérez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alex Bokov
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Charles J Epstein
- Institute of Human Genetics and University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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144
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Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev 2008; 88:1243-76. [PMID: 18923182 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1443] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first suggestion that physical exercise results in free radical-mediated damage to tissues appeared in 1978, and the past three decades have resulted in a large growth of knowledge regarding exercise and oxidative stress. Although the sources of oxidant production during exercise continue to be debated, it is now well established that both resting and contracting skeletal muscles produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Importantly, intense and prolonged exercise can result in oxidative damage to both proteins and lipids in the contracting myocytes. Furthermore, oxidants can modulate a number of cell signaling pathways and regulate the expression of multiple genes in eukaryotic cells. This oxidant-mediated change in gene expression involves changes at transcriptional, mRNA stability, and signal transduction levels. Furthermore, numerous products associated with oxidant-modulated genes have been identified and include antioxidant enzymes, stress proteins, DNA repair proteins, and mitochondrial electron transport proteins. Interestingly, low and physiological levels of reactive oxygen species are required for normal force production in skeletal muscle, but high levels of reactive oxygen species promote contractile dysfunction resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue. Ongoing research continues to probe the mechanisms by which oxidants influence skeletal muscle contractile properties and to explore interventions capable of protecting muscle from oxidant-mediated dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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145
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Capettini LSA, Cortes SF, Gomes MA, Silva GAB, Pesquero JL, Lopes MJ, Teixeira MM, Lemos VS. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase-derived hydrogen peroxide is a major endothelium-dependent relaxing factor. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H2503-11. [PMID: 18952716 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00731.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in large vessels is mainly attributed to Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-sensitive endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)-derived NO production. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is the component of endothelium-dependent relaxations that resists full blockade of NO synthases (NOS) and cyclooxygenases. H2O2 has been proposed as an EDHF in resistance vessels. In this work we propose that in mice aorta neuronal (n)NOS-derived H2O2 accounts for a large proportion of endothelium-dependent ACh-induced relaxation. In mice aorta rings, ACh-induced relaxation was inhibited by L-NAME and Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), two nonselective inhibitors of NOS, and attenuated by selective inhibition of nNOS with L-ArgNO2-L-Dbu-NH2 2TFA (L-ArgNO2-L-Dbu) and 1-(2-trifluoromethylphehyl)imidazole (TRIM). The relaxation induced by ACh was associated with enhanced H2O2 production in endothelial cells that was prevented by the addition of L-NAME, L-NNA, L-ArgNO2-L-Dbu, TRIM, and removal of the endothelium. The addition of catalase, an enzyme that degrades H2O2, reduced ACh-dependent relaxation and abolished ACh-induced H2O2 production. RT-PCR experiments showed the presence of mRNA for eNOS and nNOS but not inducible NOS in mice aorta. The constitutive expression of nNOS was confirmed by Western blot analysis in endothelium-containing vessels but not in endothelium-denuded vessels. Immunohistochemistry data confirmed the localization of nNOS in the vascular endothelium. Antisense knockdown of nNOS decreased both ACh-dependent relaxation and ACh-induced H2O2 production. Antisense knockdown of eNOS decreased ACh-induced relaxation but not H2O2 production. Residual relaxation in eNOS knockdown mouse aorta was further inhibited by the selective inhibition of nNOS with L-ArgNO2-L-Dbu. In conclusion, these results show that nNOS is constitutively expressed in the endothelium of mouse aorta and that nNOS-derived H2O2 is a major endothelium-dependent relaxing factor. Hence, in the mouse aorta, the effects of nonselective NOS inhibitors cannot be solely ascribed to NO release and action without considering the coparticipation of H2O2 in mediating vasodilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S A Capettini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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146
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Ghosh A, Mitchell DA, Chanda A, Ryabov AD, Popescu DL, Upham EC, Collins GJ, Collins TJ. Catalase-peroxidase activity of iron(III)-TAML activators of hydrogen peroxide. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:15116-26. [PMID: 18928252 DOI: 10.1021/ja8043689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exceptionally high peroxidase-like and catalase-like activities of iron(III)-TAML activators of H 2O 2 ( 1: Tetra-Amidato-Macrocyclic-Ligand Fe (III) complexes [ F e{1,2-X 2C 6H 2-4,5-( NCOCMe 2 NCO) 2CR 2}(OH 2)] (-)) are reported from pH 6-12.4 and 25-45 degrees C. Oxidation of the cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine organometallic complex, [Ru (II)( o-C 6H 4py)(phen) 2]PF 6 ( 2) or "ruthenium dye", occurs via the equation [ Ru II ] + 1/2 H 2 O 2 + H +-->(Fe III - TAML) [ Ru III ] + H 2 O, following a simple rate law rate = k obs (per)[ 1][H 2O 2], that is, the rate is independent of the concentration of 2 at all pHs and temperatures studied. The kinetics of the catalase-like activity (H 2 O 2 -->(Fe III - TAML) H 2 O + 1/2 O 2) obeys a similar rate law: rate = k obs (cat)[ 1][H 2O 2]). The rate constants, k obs (per) and k obs (cat), are strongly and similarly pH dependent, with a maximum around pH 10. Both bell-shaped pH profiles are quantitatively accounted for in terms of a common mechanism based on the known speciation of 1 and H 2O 2 in this pH range. Complexes 1 exist as axial diaqua species [FeL(H 2O) 2] (-) ( 1 aqua) which are deprotonated to afford [FeL(OH)(H 2O)] (2-) ( 1 OH) at pH 9-10. The pathways 1 aqua + H 2O 2 ( k 1), 1 OH + H 2O 2 ( k 2), and 1 OH + HO 2 (-) ( k 4) afford one or more oxidized Fe-TAML species that further rapidly oxidize the dye (peroxidase-like activity) or a second H 2O 2 molecule (catalase-like activity). This mechanism is supported by the observations that (i) the catalase-like activity of 1 is controllably retarded by addition of reducing agents into solution and (ii) second order kinetics in H 2O 2 has been observed when the rate of O 2 evolution was monitored in the presence of added reducing agents. The performances of the 1 complexes in catalyzing H 2O 2 oxidations are shown to compare favorably with the peroxidases further establishing Fe (III)-TAML activators as miniaturized enzyme replicas with the potential to greatly expand the technological utility of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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147
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Guimarães AJ, Hamilton AJ, de M. Guedes HL, Nosanchuk JD, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Biological function and molecular mapping of M antigen in yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3449. [PMID: 18927619 PMCID: PMC2566600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis, due to the intracellular fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, can be diagnosed by demonstrating the presence of antibodies specific to the immunodominant M antigen. However, the role of this protein in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis has not been elucidated. We sought to structurally and immunologically characterize the protein, determine yeast cell surface expression, and confirm catalase activity. A 3D-rendering of the M antigen by homology modeling revealed that the structures and domains closely resemble characterized fungal catalases. We generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the protein and determined that the M antigen is present on the yeast cell surface and in cell wall/cell membrane preparations. Similarly, we found that the majority of catalase activity was in extracts containing fungal surface antigens and that the M antigen is not significantly secreted by live yeast cells. The mAbs also identified unique epitopes on the M antigen. The localization of the M antigen to the cell surface of H. capsulatum yeast and the characterization of the protein's major epitopes have important implications since it demonstrates that although the protein may participate in protecting the fungus against oxidative stress it is also accessible to host immune cells and antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Jefferson Guimarães
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Laboratório de Micologia - Setor de Imunodiagnóstico - Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrew John Hamilton
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Leonel de M. Guedes
- Laboratório de Micologia - Setor de Imunodiagnóstico - Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joshua Daniel Nosanchuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia - Setor de Imunodiagnóstico - Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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148
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Alfonso-Prieto M, Vidossich P, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Carpena X, Fita I, Loewen PC, Rovira C. Electronic State of the Molecular Oxygen Released by Catalase. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12842-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Xavi Carpena
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Ignacio Fita
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Peter C. Loewen
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
| | - Carme Rovira
- Laboratori de Simulació Computacional i Modelització (CoSMoLab), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional de la Universitat de Barcelona (IQTCUB), Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, Institut de Biologia Molecular (IBMB-CSIC), Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Department
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149
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Baker WL, Key C, Lonergan GT. A Note Concerning Acetate Activation of Peroxidative Activity of Catalases Using 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic Acid as a Substrate. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 21:751-5. [PMID: 15932252 DOI: 10.1021/bp0500617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Beef liver catalases showed peroxidative activity using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid as the electron donor and hydrogen peroxide as the acceptor at a pH of 5. This activity was not observed at pH 7. The reaction depended on acetate concentration, although succinate and propionate could partly replace the acetate as a catalyst. Other haem proteins also catalyzed a peroxidative effect. The reaction using syringaldazine or the coupling between dimethylaminobenzoic acid and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone was less effective and less sensitive. Evidence is presented that the reaction is associated with a conformational change of the catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren L Baker
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, 3122, Melbourne, Australia.
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150
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Abstract
Excessive hydrogen peroxide is harmful for almost all cell components, so its rapid and efficient removal is of essential importance for aerobically living organisms. Conversely, hydrogen peroxide acts as a second messenger in signal-transduction pathways. H(2)O(2) is degraded by peroxidases and catalases, the latter being able both to reduce H(2)O(2) to water and to oxidize it to molecular oxygen. Nature has evolved three protein families that are able to catalyze this dismutation at reasonable rates. Two of the protein families are heme enzymes: typical catalases and catalase-peroxidases. Typical catalases comprise the most abundant group found in Eubacteria, Archaeabacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, whereas catalase-peroxidases are not found in plants and animals and exhibit both catalatic and peroxidatic activities. The third group is a minor bacterial protein family with a dimanganese active site called manganese catalases. Although catalyzing the same reaction (2 H(2)O(2)--> 2 H(2)O+ O(2)), the three groups differ significantly in their overall and active-site architecture and the mechanism of reaction. Here, we present an overview of the distribution, phylogeny, structure, and function of these enzymes. Additionally, we report about their physiologic role, response to oxidative stress, and about diseases related to catalase deficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Zamocky
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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