Socioeconomic differences in dietary patterns among middle-aged men and women

Role of socialization in explaining social inequalities in health

This paper argues that social selection, materialist/structural and cultural/behavioural explanations for social inequalities in health are related to each other through the mechanism of socialization, seen here as a process through which societies shape patterns of behaviour and being that then affect health. Socialization involves the inter- and intragenerational transfer of attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. Parallels between socialization theory and Bourdieu's concept of habitus are also drawn, and the implications for social epidemiology are discussed. Four key areas that would benefit from research within the socialization framework are identified: health behaviours, psychological vulnerability, social skills and future time perspective.

Perceived personal, social and environmental barriers to weight maintenance among young women: A community survey

BACKGROUND: Young women are a group at high risk of weight gain. This study examined a range of perceived personal, social and environmental barriers to physical activity and healthy eating for weight maintenance among young women, and how these varied by socioeconomic status (SES), overweight status and domestic situation. METHODS: In October-December 2001, a total of 445 women aged 18-32 years, selected randomly from the Australian electoral roll, completed a mailed self-report survey that included questions on 11 barriers to physical activity and 11 barriers to healthy eating (relating to personal, social and environmental factors). Height, weight and socio-demographic details were also obtained. Statistical analyses were conducted mid-2003. RESULTS: The most common perceived barriers to physical activity and healthy eating encountered by young women were related to motivation, time and cost. Women with children were particularly likely to report a lack of social support as an important barrier to physical activity, and lack of social support and time as important barriers to healthy eating. Perceived barriers did not differ by SES or overweight status. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion strategies aimed at preventing weight gain should take into account the specific perceived barriers to physical activity and healthy eating faced by women in this age group, particularly lack of motivation, lack of time, and cost. Strategies targeting perceived lack of time and lack of social support are particularly required for young women with children.

Doenças isquêmicas do coração: mortalidade em nativos e migrantes, São Paulo, 1979-1998

OBJETIVO: O Estado de São Paulo tem sido pólo de atração de migrantes, tanto estrangeiros como brasileiros, e não se conhece o comportamento da mortalidade por doenças isquêmicas do coração quanto à naturalidade dos falecidos. Assim, realizou-se estudo para identificar diferenciais de mortalidade por doenças isquêmicas do coração em residentes no Estado de São Paulo, segundo sua naturalidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico de série temporal com base em dados secundários. Não foram utilizadas taxas por falta de denominadores, mas sim indicadores não-censitários (mortalidade proporcional, e razão de mortalidade padronizada e ponderada para anos potenciais de vida perdidos antes da idade de 100 anos) e medianas. Tendências temporais foram avaliadas por regressão linear simples. RESULTADOS: Em São Paulo, cerca de 40% dos óbitos por doenças isquêmicas do coração ocorreram em migrantes. A tendência foi negativa nos estrangeiros e positiva nos brasileiros. Os naturais da região Nordeste, que tiveram a maior percentagem de óbitos hospitalares, foram os que apresentaram a pior situação: mortalidade proporcional por doenças isquêmicas do coração estável (embora claramente declinando em todos os outros grupos) e óbitos em idades mais jovens. CONCLUSÕES: A participação de migrantes no total de óbitos por doenças isquêmicas do coração no Estado de São Paulo teve mais destaque nos migrantes brasileiros, sendo que nos nascidos na região Nordeste foi mais destacada do que nos outros grupos de migrantes.