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The effects of xuefu zhuyu and shengmai on the evolution of syndromes and inflammatory markers in patients with unstable angina pectoris after percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised controlled clinical trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:896467. [PMID: 23737852 PMCID: PMC3662192 DOI: 10.1155/2013/896467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of the Xuefu Zhuyu capsule (XFZY) and the Shengmai capsule (SM) on the evolution of syndromes and inflammatory markers in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Ninety patients with UAP after PCI were randomly and equally assigned to three groups: the XFZY group, the SM group, and the placebo group, with 30 patients in each group. Six syndrome factors (including Qi deficiency, yin deficiency, yang deficiency, blood stasis, phlegm, and Qi stagnation) and 4 inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), endothelins-1 (ET-1), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and homocysteine (Hcy)) were observed at week 0 and at the 1st, 4th and 12th weeks. In conclusion, the evolution of syndromes present in patients with UAP after PCI followed these trends (1) The deficiency syndromes gradually increased during a 12-week period, but the excess syndromes first gradually decreased and then mildly increased after PCI. (2) XFZY and SM can prevent excess syndromes from increasing in the later stages and prevent deficiency syndromes from increasing in all stages. (3) XFZY and SMcan reduce the levels of the inflammatory markers, especially in the later stages after PCI.
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Novel association between plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in a case-cohort study: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59052. [PMID: 23554968 PMCID: PMC3598956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous cross-sectional studies have suggested that biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodelling are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but no prospective data have yet been published. Hence, we examine whether plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors are related to increased risk of incident AF. Methods We used a case-cohort design in the context of the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. From 13718 eligible men and women free from AF in 1990-92, we selected a stratified random sample of 500 individuals without and 580 with incident AF over a mean follow-up of 11.8 years. Using a weighted proportional hazards regression model, the relationships between MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2 and C-terminal propeptide of collagen type-I with incident AF were examined after adjusting for confounders. Results In models adjusted for age, sex and race, all biomarkers were associated with AF, but only the relationship between plasma MMP-9 remained significant in the fully-adjusted model: each one standard deviation increase in MMP-9 was associated with 27% (95% Confidence Interval: 7% to 50%) increase in risk of AF with no evidence of an interaction with race or sex. Individuals with above mean levels of MMP-9 were more likely to be male, white and current smokers. Conclusions The findings suggest that elevated levels of MMP-9 are independently associated with increased risk of AF. However, given the lack of specificity of MMP-9 to atrial tissue, it remains to be determined whether the observed relationship reflects the impact of atrial fibrosis or more generalized fibrosis on risk of incident AF.
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103
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Guzel S, Serin O, Guzel EC, Buyuk B, Yılmaz G, Güvenen G. Interleukin-33, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor [corrected] of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in myocardial infarction. Korean J Intern Med 2013; 28:165-73. [PMID: 23525523 PMCID: PMC3604606 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2013.28.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is characterized by increased inflammatory processes and endothelial activation. We investigated the association between ACS and inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 55 consecutive patients with ACS: 25 with unstable angina (UA) and 30 with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). For comparison, 25 age- and sex-matched subjects with no significant coronary artery stenosis were included as the control group. Peripheral serum levels of interleukin (IL)-33, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on admission, and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the initial evaluation. RESULTS Compared to serum levels in the control group, serum levels of IL-33 decreased in the NSTEMI group (p < 0.05), and levels of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 increased in the UA group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively) and NSTEMI group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). IL-33 levels were significantly lower on admission than at 12 hours after the initial evaluation (p < 0.05). IL-33 levels were negatively correlated with MMP-9 levels (r = -0.461, p < 0.05) and CRP levels (r = -0.441, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and decreased levels of IL-33 play a role in the development and progression of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Guzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex entity containing a large portfolio of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and proteases. Changes in the overall integrity and activational state of these ECM constituents can contribute to tissue structure and function, which is certainly true of the myocardium. Changes in the expression patterns and activational states of a family of ECM proteolytic enzymes, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), have been identified in all forms of left ventricle remodeling and can be a contributory factor in the progression to heart failure. However, new clinical and basic research has identified some surprising and unpredicted changes in MMP profiles in left ventricle remodeling processes, such as with pressure or volume overload, as well as with myocardial infarction. From these studies, it has become recognized that proteolytic processing of signaling molecules by certain MMP types, particularly the transmembrane MMPs, actually may facilitate ECM accumulation and modulate fibroblast transdifferentiation; both are critical events in adverse left ventricle remodeling. Based on the ever-increasing substrates and diversity of biological actions of MMPs, it is likely that continued research about the relationship of left ventricle remodeling in this family of proteases will yield new insights into the ECM remodeling process and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, CBA, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, USA.
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105
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Chiang CH, Liu CJ, Chen PJ, Huang CC, Hsu CY, Chen ZY, Chan WL, Huang PH, Chen TJ, Chung CM, Lin SJ, Chen JW, Leu HB. Hip fracture and risk of acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide study. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:404-11. [PMID: 22836505 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are associated with increased mortality risk. However, little data are available on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after hip fracture. Therefore, we investigated whether hip fracture increased the risk of AMI in a large, nationwide cohort study. We obtained data from 8758 patients diagnosed with hip fracture from 2000 to 2009 and from 4 matched controls for each patient from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID 2000), Taiwan. Controls were matched for age, sex, comorbid disorders, and enrollment date. All subjects were followed up from the date of enrollment until AMI, death, or the end of data collection (2009). Cox's regression model adjusted for age, sex, comorbid disorders, and medication was used to assess independent factors determining the risk of development of AMI. As expected, despite the matching, the hip fracture patients had more risk factors for AMI at baseline. A total of 8758 subjects with hip fractures and 35,032 controls were identified. Among these patients, 1183 (257 hip fracture patients and 926 controls) developed AMI during the median 3.2-year (interquartile range 1.4 to 5.8 years) follow-up period. Patients with hip fractures had a higher incidence of AMI occurrence when compared with controls (8.7/1000 person-years versus 6.82/1000 person-years). Multivariate analysis adjusted for baseline covariates indicated that hip fracture was associated with a greater risk for AMI development (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.48; p < 0.001). We conclude that hip fracture is independently associated with a higher risk of subsequent AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Zhudong Veterans Hospital, HsinChu, Taiwan
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106
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The potential utility of blood-derived biochemical markers as indicators of early clinical trends following severe traumatic brain injury. World Neurosurg 2013; 81:151-8. [PMID: 23313262 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a dynamic neuropathologic process in which a substantial proportion of patients die within the first 48-hours. The assessment of injury severity and prognosis are of primary concern in the initial management of severe TBI. Supplemental testing that aids in the stratification of patients at high risk for deterioration may significantly improve posttraumatic management in the acute setting. METHODS This retrospective study assessed the utility of both single-marker and multimarker models as predictive indicators of acute clinical status after severe TBI. Forty-four patients who sustained severe TBI (admission Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score ≤ 8) were divided into two cohorts according to a dichotomized clinical outcome at 72 hours after admission: Poor status (death or GCS score ≤ 8) and improved status (GCS score improved to >8). Threshold values for clinical status prediction were calculated for serum S-100B, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and plasma D-dimer, upon admission and at 24 hours after TBI by the use of receiver operating characteristic analysis. Performance characteristics of these single-marker predictors were compared with those derived from a multimarker logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Biomarkers with the greatest predictive value for poor status at 72 hours included serum S-100B on admission, as well as plasma D-dimer and serum S-100B at 24 hours, for which, associations were strongly significant. Multimarker analysis indicated no substantial improvement in prediction accuracy over the best single predictors during this time frame. CONCLUSION In conjunction with other clinical, physical, and radiologic evidence, blood-derived biochemical markers may serve to enhance prediction of early clinical trends after severe TBI.
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107
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Tarr GP, Williams MJA, Wilkins GT, Chen VHT, Phillips LV, van Rij AM, Jones GT. Intra-individual changes of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 are associated with clinical in-stent restenosis of bare metal stents. Cardiology 2013; 124:28-35. [PMID: 23295453 DOI: 10.1159/000345591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased chronic postprocedural levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) have been associated retrospectively with a history of in-stent restenosis (ISR). This study aimed to determine whether index or post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plasma levels of active MMP-9 are a predictor of subsequent clinical ISR, in a standard population of patients treated with bare metal coronary stents. METHODS Four hundred thirty-two patients were prospectively recruited and sampled at index and 3 and 6 months after PCI. Those who developed symptomatic angiographically confirmed ISR were compared to randomly selected, asymptomatic controls, stratified by index presentation in a nested case-control design. Plasma samples were analyzed for the active form of MMP-9. RESULTS In all, 35 patients (8.1%) developed ISR, and these were compared to 98 controls. The increase in active MMP-9 over 3 months was significantly greater in the ISR group (p = 0.030) and independent of the established risk factors. Index clinical presentation was not associated with acute changes in active MMP-9; however, patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction had greater increases in active MMP-9 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS The change in active MMP-9 over 3 months after bare metal coronary stent placement appears to be independently associated with the development of ISR in a standard PCI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Tarr
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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108
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Ogita M, Miyauchi K, Morimoto T, Daida H, Kimura T, Hiro T, Nakagawa Y, Yamagishi M, Ozaki Y, Matsuzaki M. Association between circulating matrix metalloproteinase levels and coronary plaque regression after acute coronary syndrome--subanalysis of the JAPAN-ACS study. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:275-80. [PMID: 23159100 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in development of atherosclerosis. MMPs are activated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, little data exist regarding the correlation between circulating levels of MMPs and plaque volume (PV) in patients with ACS. We therefore evaluated the impact of MMPs on coronary PV as a post hoc analysis from the JAPAN-ACS study. METHODS The multicenter JAPAN-ACS trial revealed that aggressive statin therapy for patients with ACS significantly reduces coronary PV determined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We studied 248 ACS patients who had serial IVUS examinations over 8-12 months in the trial. For each patient, MMP-1, 2, and 3 were measured both at baseline and at study end to evaluate the correlation between the percent change of PV and MMP levels. RESULTS MMP-3 levels were significantly decreased during the follow-up period (100 ng/mL to 73 ng/mL, p < 0.001), in contrast, MMP-1, -2 levels were significantly increased. MMP-3 levels at follow-up correlated with coronary plaque regression (p for trend = 0.016). A multivariable linear regression model showed both MMP-2 and MMP-3 levels at follow-up were independent variables for change of coronary PV (p = 0.038 and p = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION Circulating MMPs levels are associated with changes in coronary plaque volume determined by serial IVUS in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ogita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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109
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Derosa G, Cicero AF, Fogari E, D’Angelo A, Bonaventura A, Romano D, Maffioli P. Effects of n-3 PUFAs on postprandial variation of metalloproteinases, and inflammatory and insulin resistance parameters in dyslipidemic patients: Evaluation with euglycemic clamp and oral fat load. J Clin Lipidol 2012; 6:553-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Serum levels of gelatinase associated lipocalin as indicator of the inflammatory status in coronary artery disease. Int J Inflam 2012; 2012:189797. [PMID: 22988542 PMCID: PMC3440856 DOI: 10.1155/2012/189797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the acute clinical manifestations represent acute on chronic inflammation. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is found in the granules of human neutrophils, with many diverse functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that levels NGAL in blood may reflect the inflammatory process in various stages of coronary artery disease. Methods. We studied 140 patients, with SA 40, UA 35, NSTEMI 40, and STEMI 25, and 20 healthy controls. Serum NGAL was measured upon admission and before coronary angiography.
Results. Significant differences were observed in median serum-NGAL(ng/mL) between patients with SA (79.23 (IQR, 37.50–100.32)), when compared with UA (108.00 (68.34–177.59)), NSTEMI (166.49 (109.24–247.20)), and STEMI (178.63 (111.18–305.92)) patients and controls (50.31 (44.30–69.78)) with significant incremental value from SA to STEMI. We observed a positive and significant correlation between serum-NGAL and hs-CRP (spearman coefficient rho = 0.685, P < 0.0001) as well as with neutrophil counts (r = 0.511, P < 0.0001). Conclusions. In patients with coronary artery disease serum levels of NGAL increase and reflect the degree of inflammatory process. In patients with acute coronary syndromes, serum levels of NGAL have high negative predictive value and reflecting the inflammatory status could show the severity of coronary clinical syndrome.
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111
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Peripheral blood gene expression profile of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in patients of different ethnicity in Malaysia. J Cardiol 2012; 60:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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112
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Hiesinger W, Goldstone AB, Woo YJ. Re-engineered stromal cell-derived factor-1α and the future of translatable angiogenic polypeptide design. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 22:139-44. [PMID: 22902182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Smaller engineered analogs of angiogenic cytokines may provide translational advantages, including enhanced stability and function, ease of synthesis, lower cost, and, most important, the potential for modulated delivery via engineered biomaterials. In order to create such a peptide, computational molecular modeling and design was employed to engineer a minimized, highly efficient polypeptide analog of the stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF) molecule. After removal of the large, central β-sheet region, a designed diproline linker connected the native N-terminus (responsible for receptor activation and binding) and C-terminus (responsible for extracellular stabilization). This yielded energetic and conformational advantages resulting in a small, low-molecular-weight engineered SDF polypeptide analog (ESA) that was shown to have angiogenic activity comparable to or better than that of recombinant human SDF both in vitro and in a murine model of ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hiesinger
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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113
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Eldrup N, Kragelund C, Steffensen R, Nordestgaard BG. Prognosis by C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in stable coronary heart disease during 15 years of follow-up. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:677-683. [PMID: 21194909 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Elevated CRP and matrix metalloproteinase-9 associate with increased risk of cardiovascular events, possibly because these plasma proteins mark vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. We tested the hypothesis that levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 associate with prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured baseline plasma CRP and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in 1090 patients with stable coronary heart disease and as the primary composite endpoint detected incident unstable angina, myocardial infarction and any death during 15 years of follow-up. CRP above versus below the median of 3.0 mg/L was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of unstable angina, myocardial infarction and any death combined (log-rank p < 0.0001). CRP above versus below the median had a corresponding hazard ratio of 1.5(95% CI, 1.3-1.8) after age adjustment, of 1.4(1.2-1.6) after multifactorial adjustment, and of 1.4(1.2-1.6) after multifactorial adjustment including degree of coronary disease. In contrast, matrix metalloproteinase-9 above versus below the median was not associated with risk of unstable angina, myocardial infarction and death. CONCLUSIONS Elevated CRP, but not elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9, associates with increased risk of unstable angina, myocardial infarction and death in patients with stable coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Eldrup
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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114
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Xu XY, Shen YB, Fu JJ, Liu F, Guo SZ, Yang XM, Li JL. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (CiMMP2) is involved in the immune response against bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:251-257. [PMID: 22626808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was cloned from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and its expression levels during Aeromonas hydrophila infection and embryonic development stages were evaluated. The complete open reading frame of CiMMP2 was 1974 bp in length, encoding a 658-amino acid polypeptide. The deduced MMP2 protein contained four conserved domain structures, including an N-terminal signal sequence, a propeptide domain, three repeats of fibronectin-type II domain inserted in the catalytic domain and a C-terminal hemopexin-like domain. Phylogenetic analysis of MMP2s grouped grass carp with other teleosts. Detected in all fish tissues examined, CiMMP2 expression increased in the spleen and head kidney at 4 h and was significantly downregulated at 1 d after A. hydrophila infection. CiMMP2 transcripts were present in unfertilized eggs, suggesting its maternal origin. These findings implicate an important role for CiMMP2 in A. hydrophila-related diseases and early embryonic developmental stages of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries Genetic Resources Certificated by Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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115
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Pérez-Hernández N, Vargas-Alarcón G, Martínez-Rodríguez N, Martínez-Ríos MA, Peña-Duque MA, Peña-Díaz ADL, Valente-Acosta B, Posadas-Romero C, Medina A, Rodríguez-Pérez JM. The matrix metalloproteinase 2-1575 gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing myocardial infarction in Mexican patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:718-27. [PMID: 22785600 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Was to evaluate the role of seven matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) polymorphisms in the genetic susceptibility to develop myocardial infarction in Mexican individuals. METHODS Seven polymorphisms in the MMP genes were genotyped by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in 300 patients with myocardial infarction and 300 healthy unrelated controls. RESULTS A similar distribution of MMP2-1306 (rs243865), MMP2-790 (rs243864), MMP2-735 (rs22850553), MMP7-153(rs11568819), MMP7-181(rs11568818), and MMP12-82(rs2276109) polymorphisms was observed in both studied groups. On the other hand, patients showed increased frequencies of MMP2-1575 A allele and AA genotype when compared to controls (pC= 0.001; OR= 1.58 and pC= 0.036; OR= 2.37, respectively). According to the dominant model, individuals with AG+AA genotypes had a 1.65-fold increased risk of developing the disease (p= 0.002). After adjusting for known risk factors, we found a significant contribution of gender, BMI, smoking habit, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension to the inheritance model. In this analysis, individuals with the-1575 AA genotype had a 4.23-fold increased risk of developing MI (p= 0.003). On the other hand, an association of the MMP12-82 polymorphism with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) was observed. In our study, it was possible to distinguish two risk haplotypes and one protective haplotype for this disease in the MMP2 gene. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the MMP2-1575 (rs243866) gene polymorphism could be involved in the risk of developing myocardial infarction in Mexican individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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116
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Lin RT, Chen CH, Tsai PC, Ho BL, Juo SHH, Lin HF. Sex-specific effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 functional promoter polymorphism on carotid artery stiffness. Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:416-20. [PMID: 22727497 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Large artery stiffness is considered to be a marker for cardiovascular disease. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level has been found to correlate with arterial stiffness and predict cardiovascular risk. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the MMP-9 genotypes and artery stiffness, and to examine whether the genetic effect is sex specific. METHODS Three carotid stiffness modalities were assessed in 1218 (704 females) stroke- and myocardial infarction-free volunteers aged 21-86 years old. The genotypes of MMP-9 promoter polymorphism (-1562C/T) were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Analysis was conducted to test for the overall and sex specific effect using multivariate regression model. RESULTS T allele carriers (CT and TT) had stiffer arteries than CC homozygotes after adjusting for age and sex (p = 0.013, 0.028, and 0.017 for Ep, β, and PWV, respectively). Further sex-stratified analysis showed that the significant association only existed in women. Women with the T allele had significantly stiffer arteries than CC homozygotes after adjusting for age (p = 0.003, 0.018, and 0.006 for Ep, β, and PWV, respectively), and this association remained significant after adjusting for known covariates. When menopausal status was further considered, all three carotid stiffness modalities were significantly different between T allele carriers and CC homozygotes in menopausal but not in pre-menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that individuals carrying the -1562T allele are predisposed to stiffer arteries, especially among menopausal women. Women with the T allele should be considered at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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117
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Pompei LM, Steiner ML, Theodoro TR, Souza PZ, Romanini ACA, Coulson-Thomas V, Pinhal MAS, Fernandes CE. Effect of estrogen therapy on vascular perlecan and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in castrated rats. Climacteric 2012; 16:147-53. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.667173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Pompei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André
| | - M. L. Steiner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André
| | - T. R. Theodoro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André
| | - P. Z. Souza
- Graduate Student, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André
| | | | - V. Coulson-Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. A. S. Pinhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André
| | - C. E. Fernandes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André
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118
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Gkaliagkousi E, Doumas M, Gavriilaki E, Triantafyllou A, Vogiatzis K, Anyfanti P, Petidis K, Douma S. Elevated Levels of MMP-9 in Untreated Patients with Stage I Essential Hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 34:561-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.681726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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119
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Abstract
Because of their rare detection in atherosclerotic lesions, the involvement of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has been largely denied. However, over the past couple of years, studies have provided convincing evidence for the presence of neutrophils in atherosclerotic plaques and further revealed the causal contribution of neutrophils during various stages of atherosclerosis. This review describes mechanisms underlying hyperlipidemia-mediated neutrophilia and how neutrophils may enter atherosclerotic lesions. It also highlights possible mechanisms of neutrophil-driven atherogenesis and plaque destabilization. Knowledge of the contribution of neutrophils to atherosclerosis will allow for exploration of new avenues in the treatment of atherogenesis and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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120
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Ko YG, Le VC, Kim BH, Shin DH, Kim JS, Kim BK, Choi D, Jang Y, Hong MK. Correlations between coronary plaque tissue composition assessed by virtual histology and blood levels of biomarkers for coronary artery disease. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:508-16. [PMID: 22476993 PMCID: PMC3343421 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.3.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated correlations of coronary plaque composition determined by virtual histology (VH) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and blood levels of biomarkers that represent the vulnerability of coronary plaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and postprocedural blood levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), matrix metalloproteinase-9, and neopterin were measured in 70 patients with stable angina (SA) or unstable angina (UA) who were undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for single lesions. We evaluated the data for correlations between these biomarkers and necrotic core contents in PCI target lesions analyzed by VH. RESULTS Clinical characteristics, IVUS, VH, and biomarker blood levels were not different between the SA and the UA group except for more frequent previous statin use (52.3% vs. 23.1%, p=0.017) and lower remodeling index in the SA group (0.98±0.09 vs. 1.10±0.070, p<0.001). Among the biomarkers evaluated, only pre-PCI neopterin level showed a weakly significant correlation with the absolute volume of the necrotic core (r=0.320, p=0.008). Pre- and post-PCI blood levels of sCD40L (r=0.220, p=0.072; r=0.231, p=0.062) and post-PCI blood level of neopterin (r=0.238, p=0.051) showed trends toward weakly positive correlations with the absolute volume of necrotic core. CONCLUSION We found a weakly positive correlation between the pre-PCI neopterin level and necrotic core volume in the PCI-target lesion. The clinical implications of our findings need to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Guk Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Van Cuong Le
- General Hospital of Thanh Hoa Province, Thanh Hoa City, Vietnam
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Keuk Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Ki Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital & Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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121
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Abstract
The myocardial interstitium is highly organized and orchestrated, whereby small disruptions in composition, spatial relationships, or content lead to altered myocardial systolic and/or diastolic performance. These changes in extracellular matrix structure and function are important in the progression to heart failure in pressure overload hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and ischemic heart disease. The myocardial interstitium is not a passive entity, but rather a complex and dynamic microenvironment that represents an important structural and signaling system within the myocardium.
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122
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Proteomic profiling of acute coronary thrombosis reveals a local decrease in pigment epithelium-derived factor in acute myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:111-9. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic occlusion of an epicardial coronary artery on the grounds of atherosclerotic plaque is considered the ultimate step in AMI (acute myocardial infarction). However, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute coronary occlusion are not fully understood. We have analysed proteomic profiles of systemic plasma and plasma derived from the site of coronary plaque rupture of non-diabetic patients with STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction). Label-free quantification of MS/MS (tandem MS) data revealed differential regulation of complement cascade components and a decrease in anti-thrombotic PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor) between CS (culprit site)-derived plasma and systemic plasma. PEDF, which is known to have a protective role in atherothrombosis, was relatively decreased at the CS, with a level of expression inverse to local MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) activity. CS plasma displayed enhanced proteolytic activity towards PEDF. Proteomics of coronary thrombus aspirates indicate that PEDF processing is associated with coronary plaque rupture.
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123
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Chuang YC, Huang WT, Chiang PH, Tang MC, Lin CS. Aqueous zymography screening of matrix metalloproteinase activity and inhibition based on colorimetric gold nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 32:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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124
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Sato K, Nakano K, Katsuki S, Matoba T, Osada K, Sawamura T, Sunagawa K, Egashira K. Dietary Cholesterol Oxidation Products Accelerate Plaque Destabilization and Rupture Associated with Monocyte Infiltration/Activation via the MCP-1-CCR2 Pathway in Mouse Brachiocephalic Arteries: Therapeutic Effects of Ezetimibe. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19:986-98. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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125
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Lee R. Methodological Considerations for Utilizing Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as a Biomarker in Acute Vascular Syndromes. Circ J 2012; 76:1044; author reply 1045. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-12-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regent Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford
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126
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is recognized as an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, this syndrome was historically underdiagnosed due to inconsistent definition of AKI as well as insensitive and nonspecific diagnostic tools. Recent advances in defining AKI, understanding its pathophysiology, and improving its diagnostic accuracy have an impact in disease management and clinical outcome. Prompt recognition and treatment of AKI still remains the cornerstone of clinical management of this syndrome. This chapter focuses on the recent advances in diagnosis of AKI using novel serum and urine biomarkers. The role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in pathophysiology and diagnosis of AKI is presented. A detailed analysis of the biology of NGAL and presentation of laboratory methods of measurement is also provided. The role of NGAL as biomarker beyond the boundaries of nephrology is also presented.
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127
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Mäntylä P, Buduneli E, Emingil G, Tervahartiala T, Pussinen PJ, Barış N, Akıllı A, Atilla G, Sorsa T. Acute myocardial infarction elevates serine protease activity in saliva of patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:345-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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128
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Huang Z, Meng S, Wang L, Wang Y, Chen T, Wang C. Suppression of oxLDL-induced MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression by berberine via inhibition of NF-κB activation in human THP-1 macrophages. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 295:78-86. [PMID: 22140092 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) by macrophages leads to atherosclerotic plaque rupture by degradation of the extracellular matrix. NF-κB activation regulates many key inflammatory genes linked to atherosclerosis. In the present study, the function of berberine, a natural extract from Rhizoma coptidis, on MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression, the role of NF-κB activation in oxLDL-stimulated macrophages, and the possible mechanism in which NF-κB activation is involved were investigated. Berberine inhibited the expression of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN at both mRNA and protein levels. The phosphorylation of IκB-α and nuclear translocation of p65 protein were reduced by berberine, suggesting that NF-κB activation was inhibited by berberine in oxLDL-stimulated macrophages. Overall, berberine suppressed the expression of MMP-9 and EMMPRIN by at least reducing partly the activity of NF-κB in oxLDL-induced macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, China
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129
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Hiesinger W, Perez-Aguilar JM, Atluri P, Marotta NA, Frederick JR, Fitzpatrick JR, McCormick RC, Muenzer JR, Yang EC, Levit RD, Yuan LJ, Macarthur JW, Saven JG, Woo YJ. Computational protein design to reengineer stromal cell-derived factor-1α generates an effective and translatable angiogenic polypeptide analog. Circulation 2011; 124:S18-26. [PMID: 21911811 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.009431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimentally, exogenous administration of recombinant stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF) enhances neovasculogenesis and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Smaller analogs of SDF may provide translational advantages including enhanced stability and function, ease of synthesis, lower cost, and potential modulated delivery via engineered biomaterials. In this study, computational protein design was used to create a more efficient evolution of the native SDF protein. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein structure modeling was used to engineer an SDF polypeptide analog (engineered SDF analog [ESA]) that splices the N-terminus (activation and binding) and C-terminus (extracellular stabilization) with a diproline segment designed to limit the conformational flexibility of the peptide backbone and retain the relative orientation of these segments observed in the native structure of SDF. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ESA gradient, assayed by Boyden chamber, showed significantly increased migration compared with both SDF and control gradients. EPC receptor activation was evaluated by quantification of phosphorylated AKT, and cells treated with ESA yielded significantly greater phosphorylated AKT levels than SDF and control cells. Angiogenic growth factor assays revealed a distinct increase in angiopoietin-1 expression in the ESA- and SDF-treated hearts. In addition, CD-1 mice (n=30) underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and peri-infarct intramyocardial injection of ESA, SDF-1α, or saline. At 2 weeks, echocardiography demonstrated a significant gain in ejection fraction, cardiac output, stroke volume, and fractional area change in mice treated with ESA compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Compared with native SDF, a novel engineered SDF polypeptide analog (ESA) more efficiently induces EPC migration and improves post-myocardial infarction cardiac function and thus offers a more clinically translatable neovasculogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hiesinger
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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130
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Kong W. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 vs. troponin T. The sooner the better? Circ J 2011; 75:2757-8. [PMID: 22033350 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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131
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Grodin JL, Powell-Wiley TM, Ayers CR, Kumar DS, Rohatgi A, Khera A, McGuire DK, de Lemos JA, Das SR. Circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and abdominal aortic pathology: from the Dallas Heart Study. Vasc Med 2011; 16:339-45. [PMID: 22002999 PMCID: PMC3523319 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x11422110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior reports have associated increased circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase active in the extracellular matrix, with the formation and rupture of aortic aneurysms, raising the possibility that MMP-9 may be a useful diagnostic or therapeutic target for aortic pathology. However, associations between MMP-9 and pathological abdominal aortic phenotypes in the general population have not been reported. In the Dallas Heart Study, a population-based sample of Dallas County residents (n = 2304), we measured MMP-9 and performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdominal aorta, measuring aortic compliance, plaque, wall thickness and luminal diameter. After adjustment for traditional cardiac risk factors and body size, higher MMP-9 quartiles were independently associated with higher aortic wall thickness and larger luminal diameter (p < 0.0001 for each), but not abdominal aortic plaque (p = 0.08), coronary artery calcium (p = 0.20) or the aortic luminal diameter/aortic wall thickness ratio (p = 0.37), supporting the hypothesis that therapies targeting MMP-9 may affect the abdominal aortic wall and modify aortic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Grodin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Colby R Ayers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Darpan S Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amit Khera
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Darren K McGuire
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James A de Lemos
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sandeep R Das
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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132
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Kobayashi N, Hata N, Kume N, Yokoyama S, Shinada T, Tomita K, Kitamura M, Shirakabe A, Inami T, Yamamoto M, Seino Y, Mizuno K. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 for the earliest stage acute coronary syndrome. Circ J 2011; 75:2853-61. [PMID: 21963570 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is regarded as a biomarker of plaque rupture or vulnerability and is elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MMP-9 for early ACS (≤4h of onset) and late ACS (>4h after onset), compared with high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT). METHODS AND RESULTS MMP-9 and hs-TnT were measured in 200 patients with ST elevation ACS (STEACS; 115 early STEACS and 85 late STEACS patients), and 66 patients with non-ST elevation ACS (NSTEACS; 25 early NSTEACS and 41 late NSTEACS patients). Forty patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) were enrolled as a control group. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in patients with early STEACS (P<0.001), early NSTEACS (P<0.001), late STEACS (P<0.001) and late NSTEACS (P=0.025) than SAP. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in patients with early STEACS (P=0.017) and early NSTEACS (P=0.034) than late STEACS and late NSTEACS, respectively. Levels of hs-TnT were significantly lower in patients with early STEACS (P<0.001) and early NSTEACS (P=0.007) than late STEACS and late NSTEACS, respectively. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, area under the curve of early STEACS, early NSTEACS, late STEACS and late NSTEACS was 0.880, 0.782, 0.790 and 0.648 for MMP-9, and 0.707, 0.725, 0.993 and 0.920 for hs-TnT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 levels were elevated earlier than hs-TnT and had a higher diagnostic value for early ACS, but not for late ACS, reflecting plaque rupture or vulnerability.
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133
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Opstad TB, Pettersen AAR, Weiss TW, Akra S, Øvstebø R, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I. Genetic variation, gene-expression and circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:113-20. [PMID: 21963461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediators involved in atherosclerosis and plaque rupture may have importance as risk markers for coronary artery disease (CAD). We have investigated the influence of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 genetic variations on gene- and protein expression in stable CAD patients. METHODS The promoter -1562C/T and exon 6 R279Q A/G polymorphisms were determined in 1001 patients with angiographically verified stable CAD and in 204 healthy controls. Genotype and gene-expression were determined by real-time PCR. Serum levels of MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-1were measured immunologically and by zymography (MMP-9 activity). RESULTS None of the polymorphisms associated with the presence of CAD, myocardial infarction or type 2 diabetes, whereas the variant allele of the R279Q polymorphism associated with hypertension (adjusted p=0.015). The T- and G alleles associated with lower and higher mRNA levels, respectively (p<0.005 both), also shown in an experimental ex-vivo LPS stimulated model. T-allele carriers had higher concentrations of MMP-9 (adjusted p=0.032) and the GG genotype induced lower MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity (p=0.01). Higher MMP-9 gene-expression and TIMP-1 levels were observed in patients with previous myocardial infarction, the latter also was elevated in diabetics (<0.05, all). CONCLUSION The investigated MMP-9 polymorphisms influenced gene- and protein expression differently and the R279Q polymorphism associated significantly with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine B Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Norway.
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134
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Jacob-Ferreira ALB, Lacchini R, Gerlach RF, Passos CJS, Barbosa F, Tanus-Santos JE. A common matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 polymorphism affects plasma MMP-2 levels in subjects environmentally exposed to mercury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:4242-4246. [PMID: 21794897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) exposure is associated with disease conditions, including cardiovascular problems. Although the mechanisms implicated in these complications have not been precisely defined yet, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be involved. The gene encoding MMP-2 presents genetic polymorphisms which affect the expression and activity level of this enzyme. A common polymorphism of MMP-2 gene is the C(-1306)T (rs 243865), which is known to disrupt a Sp1-type promoter site (CCACC box), thus leading to lower promoter activity associated with the T allele. This study aimed at examining how this polymorphism affects the circulating MMP-2 levels and its endogenous inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in 210 subjects environmentally exposed to Hg. Total blood and plasma Hg concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations were measured in plasma samples by gelatin zymography and ELISA, respectively. Genotypes for the C(-1306)T polymorphism were determined by Taqman® Allele Discrimination assay. We found a positive association (p=0.0057) between plasma Hg concentrations and MMP-2/TIMP-2 (an index of net MMP-2 activity). The C(-1306)T polymorphism modified MMP-2 concentrations (p=0.0465) and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio (p=0.0060) in subjects exposed to Hg, with higher MMP-2 levels been found in subjects carrying the C allele. These findings suggest a significant interaction between the C(-1306)T polymorphism and Hg exposure, possibly increasing the risk of developing diseases in subjects with the C allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L B Jacob-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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135
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Saggini A, Anogeianaki A, Angelucci D, Cianchetti E, D'Alessandro M, Maccauro G, Salini V, Caraffa A, Teté S, Conti F, Tripodi D, Fulcheri M, Frydas S, Rosati M, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y. Cholesterol: An Inflammatory Compound. EUR J INFLAMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1100900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main rising causes of health problems in modern society and is correlated to type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease and atherosclerosis. Bacterial products, endogenous substances such as oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and heat shock proteins mediate activation of Toll-like receptors and reinforce the view that the innate immune system plays a key role in the genesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, natural killer T (NKT) cells respond to lipids presented via CD1d on APCs, and may also be able to affect atherosclerosis. All the main cell types involved in atherosclerosis such as endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, smooth muscle cells and platelets express proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, CD4 ligation triggers the expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines and matrix metalloprotinease. IL-6 cytokines travels to the liver where it elicits acute phase response resolving in the release of serum amyloid-A C-reactive protein, fibrogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Therefore increasing body fat mass is associated with high levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF. In this study we revisit the interrelationship between fat and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Anogeianaki
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Angelucci
- AnatomoPathology Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - G. Maccauro
- Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Salini
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopaedics Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Teté
- Department of Oral, Nano and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Conti
- Department of Gyneacology, “Santo Spirito” Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Tripodi
- Department of Oral, Nano and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Fulcheri
- Psychology Division, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Frydas
- Parassitology Division, Thessaloniki University, Greece
| | - M. Rosati
- Department of Gyneacology, “Santo Spirito” Hospital, Pescara, Italy
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136
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Tanner RM, Lynch AI, Brophy VH, Eckfeldt JH, Davis BR, Ford CE, Boerwinkle E, Arnett DK. Pharmacogenetic associations of MMP9 and MMP12 variants with cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23609. [PMID: 21887284 PMCID: PMC3160956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives MMP-9 and -12 function in tissue remodeling and may play roles in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed associations of four MMP polymorphisms and three antihypertensive drugs with cardiovascular outcomes. Methods Hypertensives (n = 42,418) from a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial were randomized to chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin treatment (mean follow up, 4.9 years). The primary outcome was coronary heart disease (CHD). Secondary outcomes included combined CHD, all CVD outcomes combined, stroke, heart failure (HF), and mortality. Genotype-treatment interactions were tested. Results There were 38,698 participants genotyped for at least one of the polymorphisms included here. For MMP9 R668Q (rs2274756), lower hazard ratios (HRs) were found for AA subjects for most outcomes when treated with chlorthalidone versus amlodipine (eg., CCHD: GG = 1.00, GA = 1.01, AA = 0.64; P = 0.038). For MMP9 R279Q (rs17576), modest pharmacogenetic findings were observed for combined CHD and the composite CVD outcome. For MMP12 N122S (rs652438), lower HRs were observed for CHD in subjects carrying at least one G allele and being treated with chlorthalidone versus lisinopril (CHD: AA = 1.07, AG = 0.80, GG = 0.49; P = 0.005). In the lisinopril-amlodipine comparison, higher HRs were observed for participants having at least one G allele at the MMP12 N122S locus (CHD: AA = 0.94, AG = 1.19, GG = 1.93; P = 0.041). For MMP12 −82A>G (rs2276109), no pharmacogenetic effect was found for the primary outcome, although lower HRs were observed for AA homozygotes in the chlorthalidone-amlodipine comparison for HF (P = 0.015). Conclusions We observed interactions between antihypertensive drugs and MMP9 and MMP12 for CHD and composite CVD. The data suggest that these genes may provide useful clinical information with respect to treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki M. Tanner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Amy I. Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Victoria H. Brophy
- Department of Human Genetics, Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, California, United States of America
| | - John H. Eckfeldt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Barry R. Davis
- School of Public Health, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Ford
- School of Public Health, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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137
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Sbarouni E, Georgiadou P, Voudris V. Gender-specific differences in biomarkers responses to acute coronary syndromes and revascularization procedures. Biomarkers 2011; 16:457-65. [PMID: 21851313 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.576431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of gender-related research in coronary artery disease is beginning to gradually elucidate differences between women and men. In patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), these sex differences include varying risk factor profiles, accuracy of diagnostic testing, clinical presentations, treatment practices and outcomes. There is also a differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by sex, which remains unexplained. This paper reviews all the available information on the effect of gender on cardiac biomarkers by search of MEDLINE using the terms gender differences, biomarkers, ACS and revascularization procedures. A better understanding of the sex disparities in biomarkers along with all other clinical information is essential to optimal management and patient care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftihia Sbarouni
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center , Athens , Greece.
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138
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Abstract
The focus of this review is on translational studies utilizing large-animal models and clinical studies that provide fundamental insight into cellular and extracellular pathways contributing to post-myocardial infarction (MI) left ventricle (LV) remodeling. Specifically, both large-animal and clinical studies have examined the potential role of endogenous and exogenous stem cells to alter the course of LV remodeling. Interestingly, there have been alterations in LV remodeling with stem cell treatment despite a lack of long-term cell engraftment. The translation of the full potential of stem cell treatments to clinical studies has yet to be realized. The modulation of proteolytic pathways that contribute to the post-MI remodeling process has also been examined. On the basis of recent large-animal studies, there appears to be a relationship between stem cell treatment post-MI and the modification of proteolytic pathways, generating the hypothesis that stem cells leave an echo effect that moderates LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dixon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA
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139
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Kanki S, Segers VF, Wu W, Kakkar R, Gannon J, Sys SU, Sandrasagra A, Lee RT. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Retention and Cardioprotection for Ischemic Myocardium. Circ Heart Fail 2011; 4:509-18. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.110.960302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemoattractant of stem/progenitor cells, and several studies have shown that SDF-1 may improve ventricular function after infarction. SDF-1 is cleaved by proteases including matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), which are activated in injured tissues.
Methods and Results—
We investigated the biodistribution and functional roles of SDF-1 in experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Radiolabeled SDF-1 given by intracoronary injection was selectively concentrated in ischemic myocardium. The enhanced uptake of SDF-1 in ischemic myocardium was not mediated by its receptor, CXCR4. Mass spectrometry and Western analyses showed that SDF-1 was cleaved by DPP-4 in plasma and myocardium, whereas a bioengineered MMP-2/DPP-4–resistant form of SDF-1, SSDF-1(S4V), was highly stable. A single dose of SSDF-1(S4V) exhibited greater potency for cardioprotection than wild-type SDF-1. SSDF-1(S4V) improved cardiac function in rats even after a 3-hour ischemic period.
Conclusions—
These results show that a single dose of protease-resistant SSDF-1(S4V) after myocardial infarction leads to dramatic improvement in angiogenesis and ventricular function even 3 hours after the onset of ischemia, revealing a simple, clinically feasible approach to prevention of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kanki
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
| | - Vincent F.M. Segers
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
| | - Weitao Wu
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
| | - Rahul Kakkar
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
| | - Joseph Gannon
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
| | - Stanislas U. Sys
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
| | - Anthony Sandrasagra
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
| | - Richard T. Lee
- From the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (S.K., R.K., J.G., R.T.L.); Provasculon Inc, Cambridge, MA (V.F.M.S., W.W., A.S.); and the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.U.S.)
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Konishi M, Haraguchi G, Yoshikawa S, Kimura S, Inagaki H, Isobe M. Additive effects of β-blockers on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors for patients after acute myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary revascularization. Circ J 2011; 75:1982-91. [PMID: 21697605 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some β-blockers are effective for patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), few studies have compared their additive effects on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-Is). METHODS AND RESULTS The 251 consecutive AMI patients administered angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) were retrospectively investigated and divided into 2 groups: treated without β-blockers (no-β-blocker group, n=80) or treated with β-blockers before discharge (β-blocker group, n=171; carvedilol [n=91] or bisoprolol [n=80]). The doses of RAS-Is used for patients in the no-β-blocker group were at least double those used in the β-blocker group. No significant differences between the 2 groups were observed with regard to baseline characteristics. After a 12-month follow-up, the survival and cardiac event-free rates in the β-blocker group were significantly higher than those in the no-β-blocker group. The percent change in blood pressure did not significantly differ between the 2 groups, but the levels of brain natriuretic peptide, metalloproteinase-2, and metalloproteinase-9 and the left ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly in the β-blocker group compared with the no-β-blocker group. Regarding the 2 β-blockers, carvedilol treatment produced more favorable outcomes than bisoprolol. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that treatment with RAS-I in combination with β-blocker is more effective for patients after AMI than treatment with RAS-I alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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141
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Park HJ, Baek JY, Shin WS, Kim DB, Jang SW, Shin DI, Koh YS, Seo SM, Uhm JS, Kim TH, Kim CJ, Kim PJ, Chang K, Chung WS, Seung KB, Lee JM. Soluble receptor of advanced glycated endproducts is associated with plaque vulnerability in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circ J 2011; 75:1685-90. [PMID: 21576827 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of soluble and endogenous secretory receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE and esRAGE, respectively) in plaque vulnerability are unknown in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 54 patients with AMI (27 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM]) who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and 54 controls who were matched for age, gender and the presence of DM. Plasma levels of s/esRAGE and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were measured at the time of coronary angiography. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the AMI and control groups, except for the C-reactive protein levels (CRP: 14.1 ± 14.2 mg/L vs. 3.7 ± 5.2 mg/L, P < 0.001). The plasma levels of MMP-9 (28.6 ± 21.4 vs. 14.3 ± 8.5 ng/ml P < 0.001) and sRAGE (0.61 ± 0.28 vs. 0.41 ± 0.17 ng/ml, P < 0.001) were higher in the AMI group than in the controls. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the plasma levels of MMP-9 and sRAGE above the median (odds ratio [OR], 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-5.58; P = 0.044; OR, 2.47; 95%CI, 1.05-5.80; P = 0.039, respectively) were independent predictors of AMI, as well as being a current smoker (OR, 2.98; 95%CI, 1.18-7.55; P = 0.021) and CRP ≥ 3.0 mg/L (OR, 3.08; 95%CI, 1.25-7.59; P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS An elevated plasma level of sRAGE might be independently associated with plaque vulnerability, as well as MMP-9, in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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142
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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 functional promoter polymorphism 1562C>T increased risk of early-onset coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:555-62. [PMID: 21559835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Matrix metalloproteinase-9 functional promoter polymorphism 1562C>T may be considered an important genetic determinant of early-onset coronary artery disease (ECAD). In this study, association between MMP-9 1562C>T allele with plasma MMP-9 activity, homocysteine and lipid-lipoproteins level and ECAD in Iranian subjects was investigated. This case-control study consisted of 53 ECAD patients (age < 55 years) and unrelated late-onsets CAD (age>70 years) who angiographically had at least 50% stenosis. MMP-9 1562C>T polymorphism was detected by PCRRFLP, plasma MMP-9 activity, serum lipid and homocysteine levels were determined by gelatin gel zymography, enzyme assay and by HPLC, respectively. The presence of MMP-9 1562C>T allele was found to be associated with ECAD (OR=3.2, P=0.001). The ECAD patients with MMP-9 1562C>T allele had higher MMP-9 activity (P=0.001), LDL-C (P=0.045), TC (P=0.02) and homocysteine (P=0.01) levels than the LCAD subjects. MMP-9 1562C>T allele is a risk factor for ECAD. The carriers of this allele have high levels of MMP-9 activity, LDL-C, TC and homocysteine (P=0.01), thus, are more likely to develop myocardial infarction and CAD at young age (less than 55 years).
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143
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Wang Y, Huang ZQ, Wang CQ, Wang LS, Meng S, Zhang YC, Chen T, Fan YQ. Artemisinin inhibits extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via a protein kinase Cδ/p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in phorbol myristate acetate-induced THP-1 macrophages. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:11-8. [PMID: 21039753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Overexpression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by monocytes/macrophages has been proposed to play a significant role in atherosclerotic plaque progression and rupture. The aim of the present study was to explore whether artemisinin, a natural extract from Artemisia annua, could decrease EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced macrophages by regulating the protein kinase (PK) Cδ/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. 2. Human monocytic THP-1 cells were pretreated with 20-80 μg/mL artemisinin for 4 h or 1-10 μmol/L rottlerin for 1 h prior to stimulation with PMA (100 nmol/L) for another 48 h. Cells were collected to analyse the induction of EMMPRIN and MMP-9. Upstream pathway analysis using the PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin detected activation of the PKCδ/JNK/p38/ERK pathway. 3. Artemisinin (20-80 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the induction of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 at both the transcriptional and translational levels in a dose-dependent manner in PMA-induced macrophages. In addition, artemisinin (20-80 μg/mL) strongly blocked PKCδ/JNK/p38/ERK MAPK phosphorylation. The PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin (1-10 μmol/L) also significantly inhibited JNK/p38/ERK phosphorylation and decreased EMMPRIN and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression. 4. The results of the present study suggest that artemisinin inhibits EMMPRIN and MMP-9 expression and activity by suppressing the PKCδ/ERK/p38 cascade in PMA-induced macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, China
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144
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Ali MA, Fan X, Schulz R. Cardiac Sarcomeric Proteins: Novel Intracellular Targets of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Heart Disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2011; 21:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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145
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Buduneli E, Mäntylä P, Emingil G, Tervahartiala T, Pussinen P, Barış N, Akıllı A, Atilla G, Sorsa T. Acute Myocardial Infarction is Reflected in Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Activation Level. J Periodontol 2011; 82:716-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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146
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Jönsson S, Lundberg A, Kälvegren H, Bergström I, Szymanowski A, Jonasson L. Increased levels of leukocyte-derived MMP-9 in patients with stable angina pectoris. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19340. [PMID: 21559401 PMCID: PMC3084822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective There is a growing interest for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in plasma as novel biomarkers in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to identify the sources of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 among peripheral blood cells and further explore whether gene expression or protein release was altered in patients with stable angina pectoris (SA). Methods In total, plasma MMP-9 was measured in 44 SA patients and 47 healthy controls. From 10 patients and 10 controls, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils were isolated and stimulated ex vivo. MMPs, TIMPs and myeloperoxidase were measured in plasma and supernatants by ELISA. The corresponding gene expression was measured by real-time PCR. Results Neutrophils were the dominant source of MMP-8 and MMP-9. Upon moderate stimulation with IL-8, the neutrophil release of MMP-9 was higher in the SA patients compared with controls (p<0.05). In PBMC, the TIMP-1 and MMP-9 mRNA expression was higher in SA patients compared with controls, p<0.01 and 0.05, respectively. There were no differences in plasma levels between patients and controls except for TIMP-2, which was lower in patients, p<0.01. Conclusion Measurements of MMPs and TIMPs in plasma may be of limited use. Despite similar plasma levels in SA patients and controls, the leukocyte-derived MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are significantly altered in patients. The findings indicate that the leukocytes are more prone to release and produce MMP-9 in symptomatic and angiographically verified CAD—a phenomenon that may have clinical implications in the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jönsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Lundberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Kälvegren
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ida Bergström
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Szymanowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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147
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Gostiljac D, Dorđević PB, Djurić D, Peruničić J, Lasica R, Colak E, Canovic F, Srećković VD, Ilić M, Obrenović R. The importance of defining serum MMP-9 concentration in diabetics as an early marker of the rupture of atheromatous plaque in acute coronary syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 98:91-7. [PMID: 21388935 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.98.2011.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the main cause of mortality in diabetics. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in diabetics is much more often than in non-diabetics. MMP-9 activity could ease the formation of atherosclerosis, destabilization and plaque rupture as well as thrombocyte aggregation. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXAMINE MMP-9 defining in serum in diabetics; the impact of diabetes mellitus on atherosclerosis and MMP-9 level; relation between serum values of MMP-9 and markers of glycoregulation and lipid status, respectively. RESULTS The greatest concentration of both total and active MMP-9 serum has been noted in diabetics group with ACS. Both total and active MMP-9 values, in group with diabetes and ACS showed significantly important difference regarding the values in control group. Total and active MMP-9 showed statistically important correlation between the values of glycated hemoglobine A1c (HbA1c) and inverse correlations with values of subfraction HDL3.Active MMP-9 showed statistically important inverse correlation with value of HDL cholesterol. IN CONCLUSION According to the results, it has been thought that active MMP-9 shows a certain degree of atherosclerotic changes on blood vessels better than total MMP-9. MMP-9, active one, could present an early marker of atherosclerosis, especially on coronary blood vessels, in diabetics with type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gostiljac
- Institute for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Disorders, Belgrade, Serbia
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148
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Ramasamy I. Biochemical markers in acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1279-96. [PMID: 21501603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their higher risk for cardiac death or ischemic complications, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) must be identified from other causes of chest pain. Patients with acute coronary syndrome are divided into categories based on their electrocardiogram; those with new ST-segment elevation and those who present with ST-segment depression. The subgroups of patients with ST-segment elevation are candidates for immediate reperfusion, while fibrinolysis appears harmful for those with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. There is increasing evidence to encourage appropriate risk stratification before deciding on a management strategy (invasive or conservative) for each patient. The TIMI, GRACE or PURSUIT risk models are recommended as useful for decisions regarding therapeutic options. Cardiac biomarkers are useful additions to these clinical tools to correctly risk stratify ACS patients. Cardiac troponin is the biomarker of choice to detect myocardial necrosis and is central to the universal definition of myocardial infarction. The introduction of troponin assays with a lower limit of detection will allow for earlier diagnosis of patients who present with chest pain. Analytical and clinical validations of these new assays are currently in progress. The question is whether the lower detection limit of the troponin assays will be able to indicate myocardial ischemia in the absence of myocardial necrosis. Previous to the development of ultrasensitive cardiac troponin assays free fatty acids unbound to albumin and ischemia modified albumin were proposed as biochemical markers of ischemia. Advances in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of acute coronary thrombosis have stimulated the development of new biomarkers. Markers of left ventricular performance (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) and inflammation (e.g. C-reactive protein) are generally recognized as risk indicators. Studies suggest that using a number of biomarkers clinicians can risk stratify patients over a broad range of short and long term cardiac events. Nevertheless, it is still under debate as to which biomarker combination is best preferred for risk prediction. This review will focus on recent practice guidelines for the management of patients with ACS as well as current advances in cardiac biomarkers, their integration into clinical care and their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ramasamy
- Worcester Royal Hospital, Worcester WR51DD, United Kingdom.
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149
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Murray RD, Randeva HS, Lewandowski KC, Komorowski J, Lawrance JA, Adams JE, Shalet SM. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in GH deficient adults. Growth Horm IGF Res 2011; 21:96-101. [PMID: 21450501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GHD adults exhibit a number of adverse surrogate markers of vascular risk culminating in excess vascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of vascular morbidities. Furthermore, serum levels decrease following GH replacement in GHD adults, though it remains unclear if levels are significantly elevated in untreated individuals. DESIGN A cross-sectional case-control study. METHODS We measured fasting serum VEGF, MMP2, and MMP9 in 27 patients with GHD, 24 with partial GHD (GHI), and 25 sex- and age-matched controls. RESULTS GHD (483±334 vs 326±180ng/l, P=0.04), but not GHI (354±192 vs 326±180ng/l, P=n/s) adults had significantly elevated VEGF levels compared with controls. Neither MMP2, nor MMP9 levels were elevated in the patient groups. Serum VEGF levels correlated positively with LDL-cholesterol (R=0.34, P=0.004) and serum MMP9 values (R=0.36, P=0.002), and negatively with IGF-I values, however, no correlation was observed with MMP2. Multiple regression analysis with VEGF levels as the dependent variable, and age, gender, % fat mass, LDL-C, insulin and IGF-I as independent variables revealed VEGF levels to be dependent on LDL-C alone (P=0.003, R=0.36). CONCLUSION GHD adults have elevated VEGF levels, which correlate with MMP9 levels. Both VEGF and MMP9 are associated with vascular pathologies and may provide insight in to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the increased vascular morbidity and mortality observed in GHD adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Murray
- Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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150
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Lewandowski KC, Banach E, Bieńkiewicz M, Lewiński A. Matrix metalloproteinases in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls: effects of short-term and chronic hyperglycaemia. Arch Med Sci 2011; 7:294-303. [PMID: 22291770 PMCID: PMC3258712 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2011.22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is not clear as increased activation of MMPs in the vasculature contrasts with decreased activity of MMPs in the kidneys, contributing to development of nephropathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 22 subjects with type 2 DM age (mean ± SD) 56.7 ±16.8 years, BMI 31.8 ±4.6 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) 8.45 ±1.78% and in 32 controls, age 39.2 ±16.0 years, BMI 35.2 ±8.5 kg/m(2). In 15 subjects with 2 DM we also measured MMP-2 and MMP-9 at discharge from hospital and after 3 months (n = 8). In controls, MMP-2 and -9 were also measured during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS Concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were lower in subjects with type 2 DM (219 ±62 ng/ml vs. 305 ±63 ng/ml and 716 ±469 ng/ml vs. 1285 ±470 ng/ml, for MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively, p < 0.05). MMP-9 concentrations fell at 120 min of OGTT from 1675 ±372 ng/ml to 1276 ±422 ng/ml (p < 0.05). In diabetic subjects there was a correlation between MMP-9 and HbA(1c) (r = 0.51, p< 0.05). In subjects with diabetes there was a fall of HbA(1c) from 9.77 ±1.76% to 8.36 ±1.54% (p < 0.01), at three months post-discharge. There was no difference in MMP-2, but there was a fall in MMP-9 at three months post-discharge in comparison to concentrations observed at admission (854 ±560 ng/ml vs. 500 ±235 ng/ml, p= 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Matrix metalloproteinases in type 2 and MMP-9 concentrations were lower in subjects with 2 DM than in non-diabetic controls. Regulation of MMPs appears to be complex as hyperglycaemia during OGTT results in a decrease in MMP-9, while chronic hyperglycaemia, reflected by HbA(1c), correlates with MMP-9 concentrations in subjects with 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof C. Lewandowski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Banach
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Alexander Hospital, Kielce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bieńkiewicz
- Department of Quality Control and Radiation Protection, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
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