101
|
Forsythoside A Inhibits BVDV Replication via TRAF2-Dependent CD28-4-1BB Signaling in Bovine PBMCs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162791. [PMID: 27617959 PMCID: PMC5019491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD/MD), is an important pathogen of cattle and other wild animals throughout the world. BVDV infection typically leads to an impaired immune response in cattle. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Forsythoside A (FTA) on BVDV infection of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found that Forsythoside A could not only promote proliferation of PBMCs and T cells activation but also inhibit the replication of BVDV as well as apoptosis induced by BVDV. FTA treatment could counteract the BVDV-induced overproduction of IFN-γ to maintain the immune homeostasis in bovine PBMCs. At same time, FTA can enhance the secretion of IL-2. What's more, BVDV promotes the expression of CD28, 4-1BB and TRAF-2, which can be modulated by FTA. Our data suggest that FTA protects PBMCs from BVDV infection possibly via TRAF2-dependent CD28-4-1BB signaling, which may activate PBMCs in response to BVDV infection. Therefore, this aids in the development of an effective adjuvant for vaccines against BVDV and other specific FTA-based therapies for preventing BVDV infection.
Collapse
|
102
|
Segura-Correa J, Zapata-Campos C, Jasso-Obregón J, Martinez-Burnes J, López-Zavala R. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in North-Eastern Mexico. Open Vet J 2016; 6:143-9. [PMID: 27622156 PMCID: PMC5011497 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are well known etiological agents of cattle that produce important economic losses due to reproductive failures and calf mortality, as well as enteric and respiratory disease. Tamaulipas is located northeast of Mexico, an important cattle production and the principal exporter of calf and heifer to the United States. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of BoHV-1 and of BVDV, and to determine the effects of risk factors on these infections. Blood samples of cattle from 57 farms from rural districts of Tamaulipas were collected. The samples were tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 and BVDV using commercial ELISA kits. Data on potential risk factors were obtained using a questionnaire administered to the farmer at the time the blood samples were taken. The seroprevalences for BoHV-1 and BVDV were 64.4% and 47.8%, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, the significant risk factors were rural district, herd size and cattle introduced to the farm. This study confirms the high seroprevalence of BoHV-1 and BVDV in unvaccinated cattle in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The results of this study could be used for the development of BoHV-1 and BVDV prevention and control program in North-Eastern, Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Segura-Correa
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97315, México
| | - C.C. Zapata-Campos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
| | - J.O. Jasso-Obregón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
| | - J. Martinez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
| | - R. López-Zavala
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Workman AM, Heaton MP, Harhay GP, Smith TPL, Grotelueschen DM, Sjeklocha D, Brodersen B, Petersen JL, Chitko-McKown CG. Resolving Bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes from persistently infected U.S. beef calves with complete genome sequence. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:519-28. [PMID: 27400958 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716654943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is classified into 2 genotypes, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, each of which contains distinct subtypes with genetic and antigenic variation. To effectively control BVDV by vaccination, it is important to know which subtypes of the virus are circulating and how their prevalence is changing over time. Accordingly, the purpose of our study was to estimate the current prevalence and diversity of BVDV subtypes from persistently infected (PI) beef calves in the central United States. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-UTR (5' untranslated region) for 119 virus strains revealed that a majority (82%) belonged to genotype 1b, and the remaining strains were distributed between genotypes 1a (9%) and 2 (8%); however, BVDV-2 subtypes could not be confidently resolved. Therefore, to better define the variability of U.S. BVDV isolates and further investigate the division of BVDV-2 isolates into subtypes, complete genome sequences were obtained for these isolates as well as representatives of BVDV-1a and -1b. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete coding sequence provided more conclusive genetic classification and revealed that U.S. BVDV-2 isolates belong to at least 3 distinct genetic groups that are statistically supported by both complete and individual coding gene analyses. These results show that a more complex set of BVDV-2 subtypes has been circulating in this region than was previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aspen M Workman
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Michael P Heaton
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Gregory P Harhay
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Dale M Grotelueschen
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - David Sjeklocha
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Bruce Brodersen
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Carol G Chitko-McKown
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE (Workman, Heaton, Harhay, Smith, Chitko-McKown)Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Clay Center, NE (Grotelueschen)Cattle Empire LLC, Satanta, KS (Sjeklocha)Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Brodersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NEDepartment of Animal Science (Petersen), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Experimental infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 in mice induces inflammatory cell infiltration in the spleen. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2527-35. [PMID: 27376375 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our study showed that oral inoculation of mice with cytopathic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) led to lymphocyte depletion and increased numbers of megakaryocytes in the spleen as well as thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia. In the present study, to investigate the possible differences in the detection of viral antigen, histopathological lesions, and hematologic changes between non-cytopathic (ncp) BVDV1 and cp BVDV1, mice were orally administered low and high doses of ncp BVDV1 and were necropsied at days 0, 2, 5, and 9 postinfection (pi). None of the ncp BVDV1-infected mice exhibited clinical signs of illness, unlike those infected with cp BVDV1. Statistically significant thrombocytopenia was observed during ncp BVDV1 infection, and lymphopenia was found only in mice infected with a high dose at day 9 pi. Interestingly, ncp BVDV1 infection increased the numbers of basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes in some infected mice. Viral antigen was detected in the lymphocytes of the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and bone marrow by immunohistochemistry. Lymphoid depletion was evident in the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice infected with a high dose and also found in the Peyer's patches of some infected mice. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils and monocytes, and an increased number of megakaryocytes were seen in the spleen. These results suggest that the distribution of viral antigens is not associated with the presence of histopathological lesions. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the spleens as a result of viral replication and may be attributable to the host reaction to ncp BVDV1 infection. Together, these findings support the possibility that mice can be used as an animal model for BVDV infection.
Collapse
|
105
|
Tajima M, Dubovi EJ. Genetic and Clinical Analyses of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Isolates from Dairy Operations in the United States of America. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 17:10-5. [PMID: 15690945 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on the basis of the genotype and clinical signs, isolates from 16 dairy herds (bulk milk samples) and 37 BVDV-infected cattle were examined. Isolates for this study were selected from submissions that contained an adequate clinical history. A part of the E2 gene of BVDV from these isolates was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. From the nucleotide sequence of the amplified products, phylogenetic analyses were performed and genotypes or subgenotypes were identified. Forty percent of the selected field isolates were BVDV-2, and 60% were BVDV-1. Eighty-one percent of BVDV-1 isolates were determined to be the BVDV-1b subgenotype. BVDV-1b and BVDV-2 formed more closely related clusters in each group than did the BVDV-1a isolates. There was no obvious association of any genotype or subgenotype with geographical localization or clinical manifestations. A higher prevalence of BVDV-2 infection was found in the United States than in other countries. BVDV-1a has been thought of as a prototype of BVDV; however, there were fewer isolations of BVDV-1a than of other subgenotypes of BVDV Phylogenetic analyses of BVDV isolates using the E2 region of the genome generated results similar to those of studies done in the United States using the 5' untranslated region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoshi Tajima
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Cornish TE, van Olphen AL, Cavender JL, Edwards JM, Jaeger PT, Vieyra LL, Woodard LF, Miller DR, O'Toole D. Comparison of Ear Notch Immunohistochemistry, Ear Notch Antigen-Capture ELISA, and Buffy Coat Virus Isolation for Detection of Calves Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 17:110-7. [PMID: 15825490 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two techniques performed on skin biopsy samples (ear notches), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and antigen-capture ELISA (AgELISA), were compared for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistent infection (PI) in 559 Angus calves between the ages of 1 and 5 months. The calves also were tested for BVDV infection using virus isolation (VI) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR on buffy coat samples and for antibodies to BVDV types 1a and 2 by serum neutralization (SN). Sixty-seven of 559 (12.0%) calves tested positive at initial screening by IHC, AgELISA, or VI, and all 67 were kept for a minimum of 3 months and retested monthly by IHC, AgELISA, VI, RT-PCR, and SN. Of the calves positive at initial screening, 59/67 (88.1%) were determined PI and 8/67 (11.9%) were determined acutely infected. Both IHC and AgELISA detected 100% of PI calves; however, IHC and AgELISA also detected 6 and 8 acutely infected calves, respectively, at initial screening. Furthermore, IHC and AgELISA continued to detect 3 and 4 acutely infected calves, respectively, 3 months after initial screening. Three acutely infected calves had IHC staining indistinguishable from PI calves at initial screening. Both IHC and AgELISA are accurate at detecting BVDV-infected calves, but veterinarians and producers should be advised that both tests detect some calves acutely infected with BVDV in addition to PI animals. Repeat testing using VI or RT-PCR on buffy coat samples should be performed at 30 days after initial screening to conclusively discriminate between acute and PI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Cornish
- Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Deregt D, Carman PS, Clark RM, Burton KM, Olson WO, Gilbert SA. A Comparison of Polymerase Chain Reaction with and without RNA Extraction and Virus Isolation for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Young Calves. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 14:433-7. [PMID: 12296401 DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the authors described a multiplex reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection and typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from blood of persistently infected (PI) cattle that could be used with or without RNA extraction. In the present study, the PCR assay was evaluated for its ability to detect BVDV in young calves as a screening tool for detection of persistent infections. Both methods, PCR after RNA extraction (rPCR) and the direct method without RNA extraction (dPCR) were applied and compared with virus isolation (VI) with diagnostic specimens. From 450 whole blood samples from Ontario calves, 47 and 39 samples were positive by rPCR and VI, respectively. From the 47 samples positive by rPCR, 45 (96%) also were positive by dPCR when samples were tested both undiluted and diluted 1:10. In comparison to VI, the relative sensitivities of both PCR assays were 100%. Examination of the results indicates that both PCR assays can be used for screening calves for persistent infection with BVDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Deregt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency Lethbridge Laboratory, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Lethbridge, Alberta
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Weber MN, Bauermann FV, Bayles DO, Canal CW, Neill JD, Ridpath JF. Comparison of 'HoBi'-like viral populations among persistent infected calves generated under experimental conditions and to inoculum virus. Virology 2016; 492:225-31. [PMID: 26971244 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Like other members from the Pestivirus genus, 'HoBi'-like pestiviruses cause economic losses for cattle producers due to both acute and persistent infections. The present study analyzed for the first time PI animals derived from a controlled infection with two different 'HoBi'-like strains where the animals were maintained under conditions where superinfection by other pestiviruses could be excluded. The sequence of the region coding for viral glycoproteins E1/E2 of variants within the swarms of viruses present in the PI calves and two viral inoculums used to generate them were compared. Differences in genetic composition of the viral swarms were observed suggesting that host factors can play a role in genetic variations among PIs. Moreover, PIs generated with the same inoculum showed amino acid substitutions in similar sites of the polyprotein, even in serum from PIs with different quasispecies composition, reinforcing that some specific sites in E2 are important for host adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F V Bauermann
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - D O Bayles
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J D Neill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | - J F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Purtle L, Mattick D, Schneider C, Smith L, Xue W, Trigo E. One year duration of immunity of the modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 and bovine herpesvirus-1 fractions of Vista® Once SQ vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:1582-1588. [PMID: 26859238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three studies were performed to determine the duration of immunity of the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) fractions of a commercially prepared modified-live vaccine. Vista® Once SQ (Vista®) vaccine contains five modified-live viruses, BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BHV-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus, and two modified-live bacteria, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. For all three studies, calves were administered a single dose of vaccine or placebo vaccine subcutaneously, and were challenged with one of the three virulent viruses at least one year following vaccination. Calves were evaluated daily following challenge for clinical signs of disease associated with viral infection, nasal swab samples were evaluated for virus shedding, and serum was tested for neutralizing antibodies. Following the BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 challenges, whole blood was evaluated for white blood cell counts, and for the BVDV-2 study, whole blood was also evaluated for platelet counts. Calves vaccinated with BVDV type 1a, were protected from challenge with BVDV type 1b, and had significant reductions in clinical disease, fever, leukopenia, and virus shedding compared to control calves. Vaccinated calves in the BVDV-2 study were protected from clinical disease, mortality, fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and virus shedding compared to controls. Vaccinated calves in the BHV-1 study were protected from clinical disease and fever, and had significantly reduced duration of nasal virus shedding. These three studies demonstrated that a single administration of the Vista® vaccine to healthy calves induces protective immunity against BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and BHV-1 that lasts at least one year following vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Purtle
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA.
| | - Debra Mattick
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Corey Schneider
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Linda Smith
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Wenzhi Xue
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Emilio Trigo
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Mari V, Losurdo M, Lucente MS, Lorusso E, Elia G, Martella V, Patruno G, Buonavoglia D, Decaro N. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1, type 2 and HoBi-like pestivirus. J Virol Methods 2015; 229:1-7. [PMID: 26709100 PMCID: PMC7113868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HoBi-like pestiviruses are emerging pestiviruses that infect cattle causing clinical forms overlapping to those induced by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1 and 2. As a consequence of their widespread distribution reported in recent years, molecular tools for rapid discrimination among pestiviruses infecting cattle are needed. The aim of the present study was to develop a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay, based on the TaqMan technology, for the rapid and unambiguous characterisation of all bovine pestiviruses, including the emerging HoBi-like strains. The assay was found to be sensitive, specific and repeatable, ensuring detection of as few as 10(0)-10(1) viral RNA copies. No cross-reactions between different pestiviral species were observed even in samples artificially contaminated with more than one pestivirus. Analysis of field samples tested positive for BVDV-1, BVDV-2 or HoBi-like virus by a nested PCR protocol revealed that the developed TaqMan assay had equal or higher sensitivity and was able to discriminate correctly the viral species in all tested samples, whereas a real-time RT-PCR assay previously developed for HoBi-like pestivirus detection showed cross-reactivity with few high-titre BVDV-2 samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy; Specialization School in Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Maya L, Puentes R, Reolón E, Acuña P, Riet F, Rivero R, Cristina J, Colina R. Molecular diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in uruguay. Arch Virol 2015; 161:529-35. [PMID: 26597189 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) affects bovine production and reproduction causing significant economic losses all over the world. Two viral species has been recognized: BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, both distributed worldwide. Recently, novel specie of BVDV named HoBi-like pestivirus was discovered. The presence of BVDV was confirmed in 1996 in Uruguay, however, does not exist until today a schedule of compulsory vaccination along the country. Serological studies with samples from all Uruguayan herds were performed during 2000 and 2001 demonstrating that all of them were seropositive to BVDV with a mean prevalence of 69%. In addition, there have been no new studies done since those previously described and it is important to mention that the genetic diversity of BVD has never been described in Uruguay. Nowadays, there is strongly suspect that BVDV is one of the most important causes of reproductive failures in our herds. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time in Uruguay the genetic diversity of BVDV with samples collected from different regions along the country. Serological status of 390 non-vaccinated animals against BVDV with reproductive problems from farms of Rivera, Tacuarembó and Florida departments of Uruguay were studied. All herds were seropositive to BVDV and high proportion of animals were positive (298/390), while 4.1% (16/390) of the animals were positive to Antigen Capture ELISA test and Real Time PCR. Phylogenetic analysis performed with concatenated sequences from the 5'UTR and Npro genomic regions revealed that BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are infecting our herds, being BVDV-1 the most frequently found. The major subtype was BVDV-1a, followed by BVDV-1i and BVDV-2b. This is the first study that describes the genetic diversity of BVDV in Uruguay and it will contribute to the elaboration of sanitization programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Maya
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Puentes
- Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Reolón
- Laboratorios Santa Elena-VIRBAC, Av. Millán 4175, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P Acuña
- Laboratorios Santa Elena-VIRBAC, Av. Millán 4175, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Riet
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, CP 70.000, Casilla De Correo, 39173, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay
| | - R Rivero
- DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Laboratorio Regional Noroeste, Casilla De Correo 57.037. CP 60.000, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - J Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 impairs virus control in a mouse model. Arch Virol 2015; 161:395-403. [PMID: 26586332 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen that causes development of mild to severe clinical signs in wild and domesticated ruminants. We previously showed that mice could be infected by BVDV. In the present study, we infected mice intraperitoneally with non-cytopathic (ncp) BVDV1 or ncp BVDV2, harvested the blood and organs of the infected mice at days 4, 7, 10 and 14 postinfection (pi), and performed immunohistochemical analyses to confirm BVDV infection. Viral antigens were detected in the spleens of all infected mice from days 4 through 14 and were also found in the mesenteric lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), heart, kidney, intestine, and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) of some infected mice. In ncp BVDV2-infected mice, flow cytometric analysis revealed markedly fewer CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes and lower expression of costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (I-A/I-E) than those in ncp BVDV1-infected mice. Production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was higher in the plasma of ncp BVDV2-infected mice than that in that of ncp BVDV1-infected mice. Our results demonstrate that ncp BVDV1 and ncp BVDV2 interact differently with the host innate immune response in vivo. These findings highlight an important distinction between ncp BVDV1 and ncp BVDV2 and suggest that ncp BVDV2 impairs the host's ability to control the infection and enhances virus dissemination.
Collapse
|
113
|
Experimental infection with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus in mice induces megakaryopoiesis in the spleen and bone marrow. Arch Virol 2015; 161:417-24. [PMID: 26526150 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we infected mice with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (cp BVDV1) by oral inoculation and investigated the effects of infection by histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), hematological methods. Twelve mice were infected, and samples were obtained at day 2, 5, and 9 postinfection (pi). Most of the infected mice exhibited clinical signs of illness such as reduced movement, crouching, loose feces, loss of appetite, and reduced water intake. Blood samples from six mice were positive for BVDV based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Blood analysis also revealed thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia. Viral antigens were detected in the spleen (12/12), bone marrow (12/12), and/or mesenteric lymph nodes (4/12) of all infected mice by IHC analysis. The spleens showed significant histopathological changes including (i) substantially increased numbers of megakaryocytes, (ii) lymphocyte depletion, and (iii) hemorrhages. The bone marrow also had an increased number of megakaryocytes, although this increase was not as strong as it was in the spleen. Severe lymphoid depletion was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Viral infections were present in the lymphocytes but not detected in megakaryocytes of the spleen, bone marrow, or mesenteric lymph nodes. These results suggest that the increased numbers of megakaryocytes may be a direct result of BVDV infection. BVDV infection in mice following oral inoculation of cp BVDV1 leads to megakaryopoiesis in the spleen and bone marrow to replenish the platelets.
Collapse
|
114
|
Ruiz V, Mozgovoj MV, Dus Santos MJ, Wigdorovitz A. Plant-produced viral bovine vaccines: what happened during the last 10 years? PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1071-1077. [PMID: 26250843 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has proved to be an efficient strategy to deal with viral infections in both human and animal species. However, protection of cattle against viral infections is still a major concern in veterinary science. During the last two decades, the development of efficient plant-based expression strategies for recombinant proteins prompted the application of this methodology for veterinary vaccine purposes. The main goals of viral bovine vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of cattle and increase the production of livestock, in a cost-effective manner. This review explores some of the more prominent recent advances in plant-made viral bovine vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bluetongue virus (BTV) and bovine papillomavirus (BPV), some of which are considered to be the most important viral causative agents of economic loss in cattle production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina V Mozgovoj
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Dus Santos
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Losurdo M, Mari V, Lucente MS, Colaianni ML, Padalino I, Cavaliere N, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Development of a TaqMan assay for sensitive detection of all pestiviruses infecting cattle, including the emerging HoBi-like strains. J Virol Methods 2015; 224:77-82. [PMID: 26300370 PMCID: PMC7113749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A real-time RT-PCR assay based on the TaqMan technology was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of pestiviruses infecting cattle, i.e., bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1, BVDV-2, and the emerging HoBi-like pestiviruses. The assay was linear and reproducible, being able to detect as few as 10 copies of viral RNA. By real-time RT-PCR analysis of 986 biological samples collected from cattle herd with clinical signs suggestive of pestivirus infection and from animals recruited in a pestivirus surveillance programme, 165 pestivirus positive samples were detected, including 6 specimens, 2 nasal swabs, and 4 EDTA-blood samples, that tested negative by a gel-based RT-PCR assay targeting the 5'UTR. The developed TaqMan assay represents a new reliable and effective tool for rapid and sensitive diagnosis of infections caused by all pestiviruses circulating in cattle, thus being useful for extensive surveillance programs in geographic areas where HoBi-like pestiviruses are co-circulating with BVDV-1 and BVDV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Loredana Colaianni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Iolanda Padalino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Cavaliere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Genetic Variability of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Evidence for a Possible Genetic Bottleneck during Vertical Transmission in Persistently Infected Cattle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131972. [PMID: 26132819 PMCID: PMC4488595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, is an economically important pathogen of cattle worldwide. The primary propagators of the virus are immunotolerant persistently infected (PI) cattle, which shed large quantities of virus throughout life. Despite the absence of an acquired immunity against BVDV in these PI cattle there are strong indications of viral variability that are of clinical and epidemiological importance. In this study the variability of E2 and NS5B sequences in multiple body compartments of PI cattle were characterized using clonal sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that BVDV exists as a quasispecies within PI cattle. Viral variants were clustered by tissue compartment significantly more often than expected by chance alone with the central nervous system appearing to be a particularly important viral reservoir. We also found strong indications for a genetic bottleneck during vertical transmission from PI animals to their offspring. These quasispecies analyses within PI cattle exemplify the role of the PI host in viral propagation and highlight the complex dynamics of BVDV pathogenesis, transmission and evolution.
Collapse
|
117
|
Ni W, Qiao J, Ma Q, Wang J, Wang D, Zhao X, Cao Y, Li Q, Hu S, Chen C. Development of sheep kidney cells with increased resistance to different subgenotypes of BVDV-1 by RNA interference. J Virol Methods 2015; 218:66-70. [PMID: 25813600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) should be a ubiquitous viral pathogen to the cattle and sheep industry. This pathogen is responsible for severe economic losses. We previously showed that plasmid-mediated dual short hairpin RNA (shRNA) efficiently inhibit BVDV replication in bovine kidney epithelial (MDBK) cells. In this study, we delivered the dual shRNA system to sheep fibroblasts and generated transgenic cell colonies. These transgenic fibroblasts were further used for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Three lambs were born at full term, but perished soon after birth. Integration of shRNA into the genome of cloned sheep was confirmed by PCR and expression of shRNA in transgenic sheep was confirmed by real-time PCR. Kidney epithelial cells were isolated from transgenic sheep and challenged with multiple BVDV subgenotypes (BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b and BVDV-1c). The dual shRNA expressed in transgenic kidney epithelial cells significantly inhibited BVDV replication in a cross-resistance manner. Our results showed that transgenic RNAi might be a useful tool for preparation of transgenic animals with increased resistance to BVDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Qiman Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jiangde Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xinxia Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Nagayama K, Oguma K, Sentsui H. Survey on vertical infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus from fetal bovine sera in the field. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1531-4. [PMID: 26074250 PMCID: PMC4667678 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolation and antibody survey were performed using
2,758 fetal bovine sera (FBS) collected from slaughterhouses in New Zealand, Australia and
the Dominican Republic, and then sent to Japan to manufacture commercial serum for cell
culture use. FBS in the Dominican Republic were pooled for each several individuals, and
those collected in other countries were separated according to each individual and
subjected to the tests. BVDV was isolated from 25 (0.91%) FBS, and the BVDV antibody was
detected in 44 (1.60%) FBS. The survey on 139 sets of paired sera of a dam and her fetus
revealed that neither the BVDV antibody nor BVDV was detected in all FBS from BVDV
antibody-positive dams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nagayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Full-length coding sequences for 12 bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from persistently infected cattle in a feedyard in kansas. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00487-15. [PMID: 25999576 PMCID: PMC4440956 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00487-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the full-length coding sequences of 12 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolates from persistently infected cattle in a feedyard in southwest KS. These 12 genomes represent the three major subtypes of BVDV (BVDV-1a, 1b, and 2a) currently circulating in the United States.
Collapse
|
120
|
Wernicki A, Urban-Chmiel R, Stęgierska D, Adaszek Ł, Kalinowski M, Puchalski A, Dec M. Detection of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in young beef cattle in eastern and south-eastern regions of Poland. Pol J Vet Sci 2015; 18:141-6. [PMID: 25928921 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In view of the scarcity of information concerning viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in beef cattle in Poland, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the BVDV in young beef cattle from selected herds in eastern and south-eastern regions of Poland. The material consisted of 78 sera obtained from beef cattle from 15 farms, aged 6-12 months. The anti-BVDV antibody level in the sera was estimated with an ELISA kit, and detection of the BVDV was carried out by standard PCR and one step Real-Time RT-PCR. The ELISA results showed a high degree (80%) of positivity in 5 of the 78 samples. In 7 samples the degree of positivity was in the very low range: < 40%. Of the 78 cDNA samples, the presence of genetic material with a length of 288 bp was found by standard PCR in 3 sera. The genetic material of BVDV was also found in the sera of the same three calves by Real-Time HRM PCR. BVDV infection in young beef cattle in south-eastern Poland is not a significant problem. This was confirmed by the positive ELISA results for 6.4% of the animals and the positive PCR results for 3.9%. The percentage of positive beef herds was about 8.6%. However, due to the severe nature of the disease and rapid transmission of the virus, regular monitoring of BVDV should be carried out.
Collapse
|
121
|
Strong R, La Rocca SA, Paton D, Bensaude E, Sandvik T, Davis L, Turner J, Drew T, Raue R, Vangeel I, Steinbach F. Viral Dose and Immunosuppression Modulate the Progression of Acute BVDV-1 Infection in Calves: Evidence of Long Term Persistence after Intra-Nasal Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124689. [PMID: 25955849 PMCID: PMC4425503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection of cattle causes a diverse range of clinical outcomes from being asymptomatic, or a transient mild disease, to producing severe cases of acute disease leading to death. Four groups of calves were challenged with a type 1 BVDV strain, originating from a severe outbreak of BVDV in England, to study the effect of viral dose and immunosuppression on the viral replication and transmission of BVDV. Three groups received increasing amounts of virus: Group A received 102.55TCID50/ml, group B 105.25TCID50/ml and group C 106.7TCID 50/ml. A fourth group (D) was inoculated with a medium dose (105.25TCID50/ml) and concomitantly treated with dexamethasone (DMS) to assess the effects of chemically induced immunosuppression. Naïve calves were added as sentinel animals to assess virus transmission. The outcome of infection was dose dependent with animals given a higher dose developing severe disease and more pronounced viral replication. Despite virus being shed by the low-dose infection group, BVD was not transmitted to sentinel calves. Administration of dexamethasone (DMS) resulted in more severe clinical signs, prolonged viraemia and virus shedding. Using PCR techniques, viral RNA was detected in blood, several weeks after the limit of infectious virus recovery. Finally, a recently developed strand-specific RT-PCR detected negative strand viral RNA, indicative of actively replicating virus, in blood samples from convalescent animals, as late as 85 days post inoculation. This detection of long term replicating virus may indicate the way in which the virus persists and/or is reintroduced within herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Strong
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Severina Anna La Rocca
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - David Paton
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuelle Bensaude
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Torstein Sandvik
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Davis
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Turner
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Drew
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Rudiger Raue
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vangeel
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis, Belgium
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Craig MI, König GA, Benitez DF, Draghi MG. Molecular analyses detect natural coinfection of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) in serologically negative animals. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:148-51. [PMID: 25962538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) has been confirmed in several studies by serological and molecular techniques. In order to determine the presence of persistently infected animals and circulating species and subtypes of BVDV we conducted this study on a buffalo herd, whose habitat was shared with bovine cattle (Bossp.). Our serological results showed a high level of positivity for BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 within the buffalo herd. The molecular analyses of blood samples in serologically negative animals revealed the presence of viral nucleic acid, confirming the existence of persistent infection in the buffaloes. Cloning and sequencing of the 5' UTR of some of these samples revealed the presence of naturally mix-infected buffaloes with at least two different subtypes (1a and 1b), and also with both BVDV species (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María I Craig
- Instituto de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guido A König
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Daniel F Benitez
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (INTA), Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María G Draghi
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria (INTA), Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Experimental infection of mice with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1565-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
124
|
Prevalence study and genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in four bovine species in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121718. [PMID: 25849315 PMCID: PMC4388703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the nationwide status of persistent BVDV infection in different bovine species in China and compare different test methods, a total of 1379 serum samples from clinical healthy dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks (Bos grunniens), and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were collected in eight provinces of China from 2010 to 2013. The samples were analyzed using commercial antibody (Ab) and antigen (Ag) detection kits, and RT-PCR based on the 5’-UTR and Npro gene sequencing. Results showed that the overall positive rates for BVDV Ab, Ag and RT-PCR detection were 58.09% (801/1379), 1.39% (14/1010), and 22.64% (146/645), respectively, while the individual positive rates varied among regions, species, and farms. The average Ab-positive rates for dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks, and water buffalo were 89.49% (298/333), 63.27% (248/392), 45.38% (236/520), and 14.18% (19/134), respectively, while the Ag-positive rates were 0.00% (0/116), 0.77% (3/392), 0.82% (3/368), and 5.97% (8/134), respectively, and the nucleic acid-positive rates detected by RT-PCR were 32.06% (42/131), 13.00% (26/200), 28.89% (52/180), and 19.40% (26/134), respectively. In addition, the RT-PCR products were sequenced and 124 5’-UTR sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5’-UTR sequences indicated that all of the 124 BVDV-positive samples were BVDV-1 and subtyped into either BVDV-1b (33.06%), BVDV-1m (49.19%), or a new cluster, designated as BVDV-1u (17.74%). Phylogenetic analysis based on Npro sequences confirmed this novel subtype. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of BVDV-1 in bovine species in China and the dominant subtypes. The high proportion of bovines with detectable viral nucleic acids in the sera, even in the presence of high Ab levels, revealed a serious threat to bovine health.
Collapse
|
125
|
Wernike K, Hoffmann B, Beer M. Simultaneous detection of five notifiable viral diseases of cattle by single-tube multiplex real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2015; 217:28-35. [PMID: 25746154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed real-time PCR (qPCR) assays enable the detection of several target genes in a single reaction, which is applicable for simultaneous testing for the most important viral diseases in samples obtained from ruminants with unspecific clinical symptoms. Here, reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) systems for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) were combined with an internal control system based on the beta-actin gene. Additionally, a background screening for three further major pathogens of cloven-hoofed animals reportable to the World Organisation for Animal Health, namely foot-and-mouth disease virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, and Rift Valley fever virus, was integrated using the identical fluorophore for the respective RT-qPCR assays. Every pathogen-specific assay had an analytical sensitivity of at least 100 genome copies per reaction within the multiplex approach, and a series of reference samples and clinical specimens obtained from cattle, but also from small ruminants, were detected reliably. The qPCR systems integrated in the background screening were even not influenced by the simultaneous amplification of very high BVDV and BTV genome copy numbers. The newly developed multiplex qPCR allows the specific and sensitive detection of five of the most important diseases of ruminants and could be used in the context of monitoring programs or for differential diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Sarrazin S, Dewulf J, Mathijs E, Laureyns J, Mostin L, Cay A. Virulence comparison and quantification of horizontal bovine viral diarrhoea virus transmission following experimental infection in calves. Vet J 2014; 202:244-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
127
|
Lang Y, Gao S, Du J, Shao J, Cong G, Lin T, Zhao F, Liu L, Chang H. Polymorphic genetic characterization of E2 gene of bovine viral diarrhea virus in China. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:554-559. [PMID: 25465669 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the wide distributed pathogenic viruses of livestock and wild animals worldwide. E2 glycoprotein is a major structural component of the BVDV virion and plays a key role in viral attachment to host cells and inducing immune responses against viral infection. In order to gain detailed information of the E2 coding region of BVDV circulating in China, 46 positive samples were tested by RT-PCR for the E2 coding region. The 1122 nt nucleotide sequences of full-length E2 were harvested and analyzed. The results suggested that full-length E2 was an ideal target for BVDV genotyping and divided the domestic BVDV isolates into 9 subgenotypes, namely BVDV-1a, -1b1, -1c, -1d, -1o, -1m, -1p, -1q and BVDV-2a, showing great diversity. The difference of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates (dN-dS) inferred both positive and purifying selection of the E2. However, combination of positive and purifying selection at different points indicated purifying selection within the complete E2. Protein properties analysis based on glycosylation sites and epitope prediction demonstrated that the biological character of E2 among individual BVDV subgenotype was similar, but may alter due to amino acid changes. For the first time, the comprehensive collection of E2 sequences of Chinese BVDV isolates was elucidated, which would provide information for future vaccine design and BVD control in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guozheng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Tong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology, and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Palomares RA, Hurley DJ, Woolums AR, Parrish JE, Brock KV. Analysis of mRNA expression for genes associated with regulatory T lymphocytes (CD25, FoxP3, CTLA4, and IDO) after experimental infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus of low or high virulence in beef calves. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 37:331-8. [PMID: 25456194 PMCID: PMC7112516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been associated with lymphocyte depletion, leukopenia and impairment of leukocyte function; however, no work has been done on the relationship between BVDV and regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs). The objective of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of genes associated with Tregs (CD25, FoxP3, CTLA4, and IDO), after experimental infection of beef calves with low (LV) or high (HV) virulence BVDV. Thirty BVDV-naïve calves were randomly assigned to three groups. Calves were intra-nasally inoculated with LV (n=10, strain SD-1) or HV (n=10, strain 1373) BVDV or BVDV-free cell culture medium (control, n=10). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of target genes in tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes and spleen on day 5 post-infection. The mRNA expression of CD25 was up-regulated in tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes of LV (P<0.05), but not in HV compared to the control group. The expression of FoxP3 and CTLA4 was not increased in tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes of either of the BVDV-inoculated groups. A dramatic up-regulation of IDO mRNA was observed in tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes of LV (P<0.05), but not HV compared to the control calves. In conclusion, experimental infection with BVDV did not provide evidence of Treg activation based on expression of FoxP3 and CTL4. Differential expression of CD25 and IDO mRNA on day 5 post-infection with HV or LV BVDV might reflect temporal differences in transcription occurring during the immune response elicited by these viral strains, or differences in viral infectivity of the host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Palomares
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - David J Hurley
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jacqueline E Parrish
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kenny V Brock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Darweesh MF, Rajput MKS, Braun LJ, Ridpath JF, Neill JD, Chase CCL. Characterization of the cytopathic BVDV strains isolated from 13 mucosal disease cases arising in a cattle herd. Virus Res 2014; 195:141-7. [PMID: 25300803 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a positive single stranded RNA virus belonging to the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. BVDV has a wide host range that includes most ruminants. Noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV may establish lifelong persistent infections in calves following infection of the fetus between 40 and 120 days of gestation. Cytopathic (cp) BVDV strains arise from ncp strains via mutations. The most common cp mutations are insertions of RNA derived from either host or a duplication of viral sequences into the region of the genome coding for the NS2/3 protein. Superinfection of a persistently infected animal with a cp virus can give rise to mucosal disease, a condition that is invariably fatal. A herd of 136 bred 3-year old cows was studied. These cows gave birth to 41 PI animals of which 23 succumbed to mucosal disease. In this study, we characterized the ncp and cp viruses isolated from 13 of these animals. All viruses belonged to the BVDV type 2a genotype and were highly similar. All the cp viruses contained an insertion in the NS2/3 coding region consisting of the sequences derived from the transcript encoding a DnaJ protein named Jiv90. Comparison of the inserted DnaJ regions along with the flanking viral sequences in the insertion 3' end of the 13 cp isolates revealed sequence identities ranging from 96% to 99% with common borders. This suggested that one animal likely developed a cp virus that then progressively spread to the other 12 animals. Interestingly, when the inserted mammalian gene replicated within viral genome, it showed conservation of the same conserved motifs between the different species, which may indicate a role for these motifs in the insertion function within the virus genome. This is the first characterization of multiple cp bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates that spread in a herd under natural conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Darweesh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, SDSU, Brookings, SD 570076, USA.
| | - Mrigendra K S Rajput
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, SDSU, Brookings, SD 570076, USA.
| | - Lyle J Braun
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, SDSU, Brookings, SD 570076, USA.
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - John D Neill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Norström M, Jonsson ME, Åkerstedt J, Whist AC, Kristoffersen AB, Sviland S, Hopp P, Wahlström H. Estimation of the probability of freedom from Bovine virus diarrhoea virus in Norway using scenario tree modelling. Prev Vet Med 2014; 116:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
131
|
Expression of toll-like receptors and co-stimulatory molecules in lymphoid tissue during experimental infection of beef calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus of low and high virulence. Vet Res Commun 2014; 38:329-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-014-9613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
132
|
Generation of calves persistently infected with HoBi-like pestivirus and comparison of methods for detection of these persistent infections. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3845-52. [PMID: 25122860 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01563-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and elimination of persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most effective measures for controlling bovine pestiviruses, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and the emerging HoBi-like viruses. Here, colostrum-deprived calves persistently infected with HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBi-like PI calves) were generated and sampled (serum, buffy coat, and ear notches) on the day of birth (DOB) and weekly for 5 consecutive weeks. The samples were subjected to diagnostic tests for BVDV--two reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays, two commercial real-time RT quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), two antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ACE), and immunohistochemistry (IHC)--and to HoBi-like virus-specific RT-PCR and RT-qPCR assays. The rate of false negatives varied among the calves. The HoBi-like virus-specific RT-PCR detected HoBi-like virus in 83%, 75%, and 87% of the serum, buffy coat, and ear notch samples, respectively, while the HoBi-like RT-qPCR detected the virus in 83%, 96%, and 62%, respectively. In comparison, the BVDV RT-PCR test had a higher rate of false negatives in all tissue types, especially for the ear notch samples (missing detection in at least 68% of the samples). The commercial BVDV RT-qPCRs and IHC detected 100% of the ear notch samples as positive. While ACE based on the BVDV glycoprotein E(rns) detected infection in at least 87% of ear notches, no infections were detected using NS3-based ACE. The BVDV RT-qPCR, ACE, and IHC yielded higher levels of detection than the HoBi-like virus-specific assays, although the lack of differentiation between BVDV and HoBi-like viruses would make these tests of limited use for the control and/or surveillance of persistent HoBi-like virus infection. An improvement in HoBi-like virus tests is required before a reliable HoBi-like PI surveillance program can be designed.
Collapse
|
133
|
Weber MN, Silveira S, Machado G, Groff FHS, Mósena ACS, Budaszewski RF, Dupont PM, Corbellini LG, Canal CW. High frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in Southern Brazil. Virus Res 2014; 191:117-24. [PMID: 25109547 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ruminant pestiviruses can infect cattle populations worldwide and cause significant economic losses due to their impact on productivity and health. Knowledge of pestivirus diversity is important for control programs and vaccine development and for determining probable sources of infection. In this paper, we describe a search for ruminant pestiviruses with RT-PCR in sera of 9078 calves from 6 to 12 months of age. The calves were first analyzed in pools and then analyzed individually. Thirty-three RT-PCR positive animals were detected (0.36%) from 6.9% (24) of the 346 herds. The sequencing analysis of the 5' non-coding region and N terminal autoprotease showed the presence of BVDV-1a (15 isolates), -1b (3), -1d (1) and -2b (14), with a higher frequency (42.4%) of BVDV-2 in comparison with other countries. The presence of sheep was significantly associated with BVDV infection. Our results also suggested that a BVDV control program based only on the investigation of cattle would not be successful, especially in regions with farms harboring multiple animal species. This study may also serve as a reference for future control programs in Southern Brazil because it reports the prevalence of cattle with active infections and the genetic background of the circulating strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G Machado
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (Epilab), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F H S Groff
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Agronegócio do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPA-RS), Av. Praia de Belas 1768, CEP 90-110-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R F Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P M Dupont
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L G Corbellini
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (Epilab), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Castro EF, Campos RH, Cavallaro LV. Stability of the resistance to the thiosemicarbazone derived from 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone, a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100528. [PMID: 24950191 PMCID: PMC4065067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the prototype Pestivirus. BVDV infection is distributed worldwide and causes serious problems for the livestock industry. The thiosemicarbazone of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone (TSC) is a non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (NNI) of BVDV. All TSC-resistant BVDV variants (BVDV-TSCr T1–5) present an N264D mutation in the NS5B gene (RdRp) whereas the variant BVDV-TSCr T1 also presents an NS5B A392E mutation. In the present study, we carried out twenty passages of BVDV-TSCr T1–5 in MDBK cells in the absence of TSC to evaluate the stability of the resistance. The viral populations obtained (BVDV R1–5) remained resistant to the antiviral compound and conserved the mutations in NS5B associated with this phenotype. Along the passages, BVDV R2, R3 and R5 presented a delay in the production of cytopathic effect that correlated with a decrease in cell apoptosis and intracellular accumulation of viral RNA. The complete genome sequences that encode for NS2 to NS5B, Npro and Erns were analyzed. Additional mutations were detected in the NS5B of BVDV R1, R3 and R4. In both BVDV R2 and R3, most of the mutations found were localized in NS5A, whereas in BVDV R5, the only mutation fixed was NS5A V177A. These results suggest that mutations in NS5A could alter BVDV cytopathogenicity. In conclusion, the stability of the resistance to TSC may be due to the fixation of different compensatory mutations in each BVDV-TSCr. During their replication in a TSC-free medium, some virus populations presented a kind of interaction with the host cell that resembled a persistent infection: decreased cytopathogenicity and viral genome synthesis. This is the first report on the stability of antiviral resistance and on the evolution of NNI-resistant BVDV variants. The results obtained for BVDV-TSCr could also be applied for other NNIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana F. Castro
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo H. Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía V. Cavallaro
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Weber MN, Mósena ACS, Simões SVD, Almeida LL, Pessoa CRM, Budaszewski RF, Silva TR, Ridpath JF, Riet-Correa F, Driemeier D, Canal CW. Clinical Presentation Resembling Mucosal Disease Associated with ‘HoBi’-like Pestivirus in a Field Outbreak. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:92-100. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - A. C. S. Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - S. V. D. Simões
- Hospital Veterinário; Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural; Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG); Patos Paraíba Brazil
| | - L. L. Almeida
- FEPAGRO - Saúde Animal; Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF); Eldorado do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - C. R. M. Pessoa
- Hospital Veterinário; Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural; Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG); Patos Paraíba Brazil
| | - R. F. Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - T. R. Silva
- Hospital Veterinário; Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural; Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG); Patos Paraíba Brazil
| | - J. F. Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit; National Animal Disease Center; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Agricultural Research Service; Ames Iowa USA
| | - F. Riet-Correa
- Hospital Veterinário; Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural; Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG); Patos Paraíba Brazil
| | - D. Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Machado G, Egocheaga RMF, Hein HE, Miranda ICS, Neto WS, Almeida LL, Canal CW, Stein MC, Corbellini LG. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) in Dairy Cattle: A Matched Case-Control Study. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:e1-13. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Machado
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (EPILAB); Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - R. M. F. Egocheaga
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - H. E. Hein
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (EPILAB); Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - I. C. S. Miranda
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (EPILAB); Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - W. S. Neto
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (EPILAB); Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - L. L. Almeida
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - M. C. Stein
- Departamento de Estatística; Instituto de Matemática; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - L. G. Corbellini
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (EPILAB); Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Haider N, Rahman MS, Khan SU, Mikolon A, Gurley ES, Osmani MG, Shanta IS, Paul SK, Macfarlane-Berry L, Islam A, Desmond J, Epstein JH, Daszak P, Azim T, Luby SP, Zeidner N, Rahman MZ. Identification and Epidemiology of a Rare HoBi-Like Pestivirus Strain in Bangladesh. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 61:193-8. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Haider
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M. S. Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S. U. Khan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
- College of Public Health and Health Professions; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - A. Mikolon
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); 11850 S. La Cienega; Hawthorne CA USA
| | - E. S. Gurley
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M. G. Osmani
- Department of Livestock Services; Ministries of Fisheries and Livestock; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - I. S. Shanta
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S. K. Paul
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - A. Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance; New York NY USA
| | | | | | | | - T. Azim
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S. P. Luby
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
- Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - N. Zeidner
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta GA USA
| | - M. Z. Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research; Dhaka Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Lanyon SR, Hill FI, Reichel MP, Brownlie J. Bovine viral diarrhoea: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Vet J 2014; 199:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
139
|
Grooms DL, Brock KV, Bolin SR, Grotelueschen DM, Cortese VS. Effect of constant exposure to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus on morbidity and mortality rates and performance of feedlot cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:212-24. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
140
|
Cho YI, Yoon KJ. An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J Vet Sci 2013; 15:1-17. [PMID: 24378583 PMCID: PMC3973752 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea development. Other factors including both the environment and management practices influence disease severity or outcomes. The multifactorial nature of calf diarrhea makes this disease hard to control effectively in modern cow-calf operations. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of a) the ecology and pathogenesis of well-known and potential bovine enteric pathogens implicated in calf diarrhea, b) describe diagnostic tests used to detect various enteric pathogens along with their pros and cons, and c) propose improved intervention strategies for treating calf diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
141
|
Pathogenetic differences after experimental infection of calves with Korean non-cytopathic BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 isolates. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
142
|
Predominance of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b and 1d subtypes during eight years of survey in Poland. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:639-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
143
|
Bauermann FV, Ridpath JF, Weiblen R, Flores EF. HoBi-like viruses: an emerging group of pestiviruses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:6-15. [PMID: 23345268 DOI: 10.1177/1040638712473103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus is composed of 4 important pathogens of livestock: Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and Border disease virus of sheep (BDV). BVDV are major pathogens of cattle, and infection results in significant economic loss worldwide. A new putative pestivirus species, tentatively called "HoBi-like," "BVDV-3," or "atypical pestiviruses," was first identified in Europe in fetal bovine serum (FBS) imported from Brazil. HoBi-like viruses are related to BVDV at the genetic and antigenic levels. Further, the disease caused by these new viruses resembles clinical presentations historically associated with BVDV infection, including growth retardation, reduced milk production, respiratory disease, reduced reproductive performance, and increased mortality among young stock. Current BVDV diagnostic tests may fail to detect HoBi-like viruses or to differentiate between BVDV and HoBi-like viruses. Further, commercial tests for BVDV exposure, based on serological response, do not reliably detect HoBi-like virus exposure, and cross protection against HoBi-like viruses conferred by current BVDV vaccines is likely limited. As many HoBi-like viruses, characterized to date, were isolated from FBS originating from Brazil, it is assumed that the agent is probably widespread in Brazilian herds. Nevertheless, reports of natural infection in Southeast Asia and Europe demonstrate that these viruses are not restricted to South America. Increased demand for FBS has led to widespread distribution of FBS originating in HoBi-like virus endemic regions. The contamination of such FBS with HoBi-like viruses may lead to spread of this virus to other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando V Bauermann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Virus Section, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
Park JW, Jin Lee S, Choi EJ, Kim J, Song JY, Bock Gu M. An ultra-sensitive detection of a whole virus using dual aptamers developed by immobilization-free screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:324-9. [PMID: 23994614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully developed a ssDNA aptamer pairs by using an advanced immobilization-free SELEX method with affinity-based selection and counter-screening process at every round. By implementing this method, two different aptamers specifically binding to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1(BVDV type 1) with high affinity were successfully screened. This aptamer pair was applied to ultrasensitive detection platform for BVDV type 1 in a sandwich manner. The ultrasensitive detection of BVDV type 1 using one of aptamers conjugated with gold nanoparticles was obtained in aptamer-aptamer sandwich type sensing format, with the limit of detection of 800 copies/ml, which is comparable to a real-time PCR method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Woong Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Experimental infection of pregnant cows with noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus between days 26 and 50 postbreeding. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:803-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
146
|
A multiepitope fusion antigen elicits neutralizing antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and homologous bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:1076-83. [PMID: 23697572 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00249-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the most important bovine diseases. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are the major causes of diarrhea in calves and cattle. ETEC expressing K99 (F5) fimbriae and heat-stable type Ia (STa) toxin are the leading bacteria causing calf diarrhea, and BVDV causes diarrhea and other clinical illnesses in cattle of all ages. It is reported that maternal immunization with K99 fimbrial antigens provides passive protection to calves against K99 fimbrial ETEC and that BVDV major structural protein E2 elicits antibodies neutralizing against BVDV viral infection. Vaccines inducing anti-K99 and anti-STa immunity would protect calves more effectively against ETEC diarrhea, and those also inducing anti-E2 neutralizing antibodies would protect calves and cattle against diarrhea caused by both ETEC and BVDV. In this study, we used the ETEC K99 major subunit FanC as a backbone, genetically embedded the STa toxoid STaP12F and the most-antigenic B-cell epitope and T-cell epitope predicted from the BVDV E2 glycoprotein into FanC for the multivalent antigen FanC-STa-E2, and examined immunogenicity of this multivalent antigen to assess vaccine potential against bovine diarrhea. Mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) immunized with this multivalent antigen developed anti-K99, anti-STa, and anti-BVDV antibodies. Moreover, elicited antibodies showed neutralization activities, as they inhibited adherence of K99 fimbrial E. coli, neutralized STa toxin, and prevented homologous BVDV viral infection in vitro. Results from this study suggest that this multiepitope fusion antigen can potentially be developed as a vaccine for broad protection against bovine diarrhea and that the multiepitope fusion strategy may be generally applied for multivalent vaccine development against heterogeneous pathogens.
Collapse
|
147
|
Bovine viral diarrhea virus fetal persistent infection after immunization with a contaminated modified-live virus vaccine. Theriogenology 2013; 79:1184-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
148
|
Expression of type I interferon-induced antiviral state and pro-apoptosis markers during experimental infection with low or high virulence bovine viral diarrhea virus in beef calves. Virus Res 2013; 173:260-9. [PMID: 23458997 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of host genes involved in type-I interferon-induced antiviral state (IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx-1, PKR, OAS-1 and ISG-15), and apoptosis (caspase-3, -8, and -9), after experimental infection of beef calves with low or high virulence noncytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains. Thirty BVDV-naïve, clinically normal calves were randomly assigned to three groups. Calves were intranasally inoculated with low (LV; n=10, strain SD-1) or high (HV; n=10, strain 1373) virulence ncp BVDV or BVDV-free cell culture medium (Control, n=10). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the target gene expression in tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes and spleen 5 days after infection. Interferon-α and -β mRNA levels were up-regulated in tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes (P<0.05) in the HV group, but not in the LV group, compared with the control group. There was an up-regulation of type I interferon-induced genes in spleen and tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes of HV and LV groups, compared with the control group (P<0.01). mRNA levels of OAS-1 and ISG-15 were significantly higher in LV than HV calves (P<0.05). A significant up-regulation of caspase-8 and -9 was observed in tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes in the LV group (P=0.01), but not in the HV group. In conclusion, experimental infection with either high or low virulence BVDV strains induced a significant expression of the type I interferon-induced genes in beef calves. There was a differential expression of some interferon-induced genes (OAS-1 and ISG-15) and pro-apoptosis markers based on BVDV virulence and genotype.
Collapse
|
149
|
Dezen S, Otonel RA, Alfieri AF, Lunardi M, Alfieri AA. Perfil da infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) em um rebanho bovino leiteiro de alta produção e com programa de vacinação contra o BVDV. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A infecção pelo vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) foi avaliada em um rebanho bovino leiteiro de alta produção com histórico de problemas reprodutivos e de vacinação regular contra o BVDV. A identificação do vírus foi realizada por RT-PCR em soro sanguíneo e o perfil sorológico por vírus-neutralização. Inicialmente, 100% (n=692) dos animais do rebanho foram avaliados com relação à presença de infecção ativa pelo BVDV por meio da RT-PCR. Quatro meses após, todos os animais positivos (n=29) na primeira avaliação foram avaliados novamente pela RT-PCR, assim como todos os animais que nasceram (n=72) e os que apresentaram problemas reprodutivos (n=36) no intervalo entre a primeira e a segunda colheita de sangue. Os resultados finais do estudo possibilitaram identificar 27 animais transitoriamente infectados e três animais persistentemente infectados (PI). A sorologia, realizada apenas nos animais positivos na primeira avaliação pela RT-PCR e nas vacas que apresentaram problemas reprodutivos entre a primeira e a segunda RT-PCR, demonstrou grande flutuação nos títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes, além de soroconversão na maioria dos animais. Foram identificados aumentos nos títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes que variaram entre 3 e 8 log2, indicando infecção ativa no rebanho. A circulação viral no rebanho avaliado foi responsável pela expressão de sinais clínicos da esfera reprodutiva em animais com baixo título de anticorpos e consequente falha na proteção fetal. Os resultados demonstram que o controle da infecção pelo BVDV apenas por meio da vacinação regular em rebanhos com animais PI pode não ser eficaz na profilaxia dessa virose.
Collapse
|
150
|
Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 151:331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|