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Öztürk Kocak AT, Göller Bulut D. Measurement of the trabecular bone structure of the TMJ region in patients with transverse maxillary deficiency: a CBCT fractal analysis study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:352-360. [PMID: 34210640 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of transverse maxillary deficiency on condylar morphology via visual examination and fractal analysis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. STUDY DESIGN In total, 97 patients with posterior crossbite or maxillary narrowness and 36 control patients were included. The presence of degenerative changes in the bilateral condyles was evaluated with CBCT. Fractal dimension (FD) was calculated on the condylar images using ImageJ. RESULTS Degenerative bone changes were discovered in 38 of the 133 scans (28.6%). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the incidence of degenerative changes for either the right or left sides (P ≥ .670). In coronal sections and in mean measurements, FD was significantly lower in the control group compared with the other groups in the right condyle (P ≤ .031). No significant differences were found between the mean FD values of the condyles with degenerative bone changes or the mean FD values of the normal condyles (P ≥ .256). CONCLUSIONS In the presence of maxillary transverse deficiencies, degenerative bone changes in the mandibular condyle were not significantly different, but the FD of the right condyle was found to be higher compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Tuğçe Öztürk Kocak
- Department of Oral and Maksillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Göller Bulut
- Department of Oral and Maksillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Li Y, Ling J, Jiang Q. Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691013. [PMID: 34177950 PMCID: PMC8221428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast-osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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103
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Elleby C, Skott P, Jonasson G, Theobald H, Nyrén S, Salminen H. Two methods of evaluating mandibular trabecular pattern in intraoral radiographs and the association to fragility fractures during a 47-year follow up. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12801. [PMID: 34101266 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this longitudinal cohort study, we explored the association of fragility fractures to sparse trabecular bone pattern in intraoral radiographs using two methods, a visual and a semi-automated. Our aim was to study both sexes and to include younger age-groups, during a follow-up time of 47 years. The cohort consisted of 837 men and women aged 18-65 years, with intraoral radiographs from 1970-1971. The trabecular pattern was assessed in the mandibular premolar region with a visual and a semi-automated method. Data on fragility fractures were acquired from the Swedish National Patient Register for 47 years of follow-up time. Sparse trabecular pattern was found in 2.2% of the cohort using the visual method, and 18% were deemed at 'risk of osteoporosis' using the semi-automated method. A total of 132 individuals suffered at least one fragility fracture during the follow-up period. We found no significant association between fractures and sparse trabecular pattern using either method. This study shows that visual assessment, as a predictor of future fractures, may not be a suitable method for individuals of all ages and sexes. As for the semi-automated method, there is still very limited evidence for its fracture predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Elleby
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folktandvården Stockholms län AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Skott
- Academic Centre for Geriatric Dentistry, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folktandvården Stockholms län AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Grethe Jonasson
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Holger Theobald
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Academic Primary Care Health Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Nyrén
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helena Salminen
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Franciotti R, Moharrami M, Quaranta A, Bizzoca ME, Piattelli A, Aprile G, Perrotti V. Use of fractal analysis in dental images for osteoporosis detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1041-1052. [PMID: 33511446 PMCID: PMC8128830 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fractal dimension (FD) calculated on oral radiographs has been proposed as a useful tool to screen for osteoporosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis firstly aimed at assessing the reliability of FD measures in distinguishing osteoporotic patients (OP) from healthy controls (HC), and secondly, to identify a standardized procedure of FD calculation in dental radiographs for the possible use as a surrogate measure of osteoporosis. A comprehensive search was conducted up to September 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. Meta-analysis was performed on FD values calculated for HC and OP. Overall, 293 articles were identified. After a three steps screening, 19 studies were included in the qualitative appraisal and 12 were considered for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies was generally low. Most of the studies included used White and Rudolph and box counting to process the images and to calculate FD, respectively. Overall, 51% of the studies found a meaningful difference between HC and OP groups. Meta-analyses showed that to date, FD measures on dental radiographs are not able to distinguish the OP from HC group significantly. From the current evidence, the use of FD for the identification of OP is not reliable, and no clear conclusion can be drawn due to the heterogeneity of studies. The present review revealed the need for further studies and provided the fundamentals to design them in order to find a standardized procedure for FD calculation (regions for FD assessment; images processing technique; methods for FD measurement). More effort should be made to identify osteoporosis using dental images which are cheap and routinely taken during periodic dental examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Moharrami
- Independent Researcher, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Quaranta
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, 2300, Australia
| | - M E Bizzoca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Biomaterials Engineering, Catholic University of San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - V Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Kaba YN, Öner Nİ, Amuk M, Bilge S, Soylu E, Demirbaş AE. Evaluation of trabecular bone healing using fractal dimension analysis after augmentation of alveolar crests with autogenous bone grafts: a preliminary study. Oral Radiol 2021; 38:139-146. [PMID: 34003449 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-021-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate bone remodeling after alveolar crest augmentation with autogenous bone grafts. METHODS 50 patients who were applied augmentation due to alveolar deficiency were included in this study. Fractal dimensions were measured on the radiographs in the preoperative, postoperative, follow-up periods. The ROI was selected specific to each patient, but repeated in a standardized manner on subsequent radiographs. RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included in the study; There were 31 females and 19 males. Implants were placed in all patients without any complications. The mean fractal dimensions on the graft recipient side were statistically higher in the postoperative 5th month compared to the postoperative 1st week (p = 0.002). The mean fractal dimensions on the donor side were statistically higher in the preoperative and postoperative 5th month compared to the postoperative 1st week (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Any clinical imaging method cannot fully reflect the histological microstructures of the bone. Evaluating the fractal analysis together with the clinical results can demonstrate adequate bone healing and quality prior to implant placement. Fractal analysis is a non-invasive, reproducible, method but further, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies are needed to estimate bone quality prior to implant placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Nuri Kaba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
| | - Neşe İspekter Öner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey. .,Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Amuk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
| | - Suheyb Bilge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
| | - Emrah Soylu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emin Demirbaş
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
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106
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Basavarajappa S, Konddajji Ramachandra V, Kumar S. Fractal dimension and lacunarity analysis of mandibular bone on digital panoramic radiographs of tobacco users. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:140-146. [PMID: 34386187 PMCID: PMC8346712 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to evaluate and compare changes in the mandibular trabecular bone pattern using the fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity analysis in tobacco users with healthy controls. Methods. This study was carried out on digital panoramic radiographs of 225 subjects divided into three groups: smokeless tobacco users (SLTs), smokers, and control (n=75). ImageJ program with FracLac plugin was used to assess the FD and lacunarity of mandibular trabecular bone on the digital panoramic radiographs. Results. The differences in the mean FD values of the study and control groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Mean FD was lower in the case groups than the control group, with SLTs having the least FD value. A significant difference in lacunarity was noted between SLTs and controls (P < 0.001). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in lacunarity between smokers and controls. Conclusions. FD values were lower in tobacco users, suggesting that tobacco users have a less complex trabecular bone pattern than healthy controls. Higher lacunarity values in SLTs indicated a more heterogeneous bone pattern. These findings signify that FD and lacunarity analysis on digital panoramic radiographs can serve as promising predictive tools to assess bone quality for osteoporotic changes in tobacco users, thereby facilitating prompt referral for further management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Basavarajappa
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Shrawan Kumar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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107
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Trabecular and cortical mandibular bone investigation in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9143. [PMID: 33911117 PMCID: PMC8080795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular cortical and trabecular bone abnormalities in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) were evaluated using dental panoramic radiographs (DPR) radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension (FD). Sixty DPRs from 15 FAP patients and 45 healthy controls were evaluated. FAP group was composed of 33.3% females and 66.6% males, agemean = 37.2 years (SD 15.79). The non-FAP group was paired by gender and sex. The parameters analyzed were: FD of the trabecular bone in four regions of interest (ROI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and width (MCW). FD values were lower for the FAP group. Statistically significance differences were shown by ROI 2 and 3 anteriorly to the mental foramen bilaterally, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006. The ROI 1 and 4, at the mandibular angle trabeculae, indicated statistical significances on the right side (p = 0.036) and no differences on the left side (p = 0.091). There was no significant difference in MCI and MCW when the groups were compared, MCW (L) p = 0.247, and MCW (R) p = 0.070. Fractal values of FAP patients' mandibular trabecular bone were lower than healthy controls. The radiomorphometric indices MCI and MCW were not useful for analyzing the cortical bone pattern. Therefore, FD is a promising tool for detection of abnormal bone structure in DPRs and for supporting the appropriate referral of FAP patients.
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108
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Gonca M, Gunacar DN, Kose TE, Karamehmetoglu I. Evaluation of mandibular morphologic measurements and trabecular structure among subgroups of impacted mandibular third molars. Oral Radiol 2021; 38:63-71. [PMID: 33870446 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-021-00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mandibular morphologic measurements and trabecular structures that may cause mandibular third molar (MM3) impaction according to MM3 subgroups. METHODS A total of 150 MM3 of 2175 panoramic radiographs (PRs) were reviewed. MM3s according to Winter (vertical), Pell & Gregory Class 1 and group: A, B, C on PRs were included in the study group. Fractal dimensions (FD) and mandibular morphologic measurements were evaluated. Statistical analysis for parametric values was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical analysis for non-parametric values was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS Statistically, a significant difference was found only in terms of angle of impaction among the groups of MM3 (p < 0.05) [Winter (vertical), and Pell & Gregory Class 1 and group A, B, C]. There was no difference among groups A, B, C in mandibular morphology and trabecular structure, but group C showed different characteristics than the other groups only in terms of impaction angle. CONCLUSION The trabecular structure and morphometric properties except for the angle of impaction do not affect impacted MM3s with adequate retromolar space and vertical angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Gonca
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Nil Gunacar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Taha Emre Kose
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Irem Karamehmetoglu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
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109
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Soylu E, Coşgunarslan A, Çelebi S, Soydan D, Demirbaş AE, Demir O. Fractal analysis as a useful predictor for determining osseointegration of dental implant? A retrospective study. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:14. [PMID: 33629210 PMCID: PMC7904985 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of fractal analysis on determining the osseointegration of dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a single center, retrospective clinical trial, patients with dental implants in the mandibular premolar/molar region, ASA I-II and < 65-year-old patients were included. Orthopantomograph (OPG) were taken before implant surgery (t0), within a week of surgery (t1), and 1 (t2) and 2 (t3) months after surgery, respectively. Three regions of interest (ROIs) from mesial, distal, and apical sites of the implants were chosen and fractal analysis (FA) was conducted with the box-counting algorithm using White and Rudolph's method. RESULTS A total of 39 patients 19 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 52.2 years (52.3 and 52.1 years, respectively) were included. The mean, minimum and maximum values of mesial (roi1), distal (roi2), and apical (roi3) surfaces were compared. The fractal dimension (FD) values of t1 were significantly lower compared with t0 as they decreased during the first week. FD values gradually increased after the first week although never exceeded the FD values of t0. Also, difference between mean FD values of t0 and t3 were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION FA is a promising and noninvasive method to predict osseointegration of a dental implant based on dental radiographs, and it can help shorten the total treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Soylu
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aykağan Coşgunarslan
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selin Çelebi
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Damla Soydan
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emin Demirbaş
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Osman Demir
- Faculty of Medicine Departments of Bioistatistics, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Investigation of mandibular fractal dimension on digital panoramic radiographs in bruxist individuals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 131:600-609. [PMID: 33597105 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate changes in mandibular trabecular bone structure in bruxism using fractal analysis on digital panoramic radiographs obtained with automatic dosing. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective study, fractal analysis was performed on radiographs of 126 bruxists and 126 non-bruxists. Eight paired mandibular regions of interest were selected: the bilateral condylar and gonial regions, and the bilateral dentate regions between the apical areas of the first molar and second premolar and between the first premolar and canine. Fractal dimensions (FDs) were calculated at each site. RESULTS Mean FD values in the bilateral gonial regions of the bruxists were significantly lower than those of controls (P ≤ .049). In both groups, FD values of the right dentate region anterior to the mental foramen were significantly lower than those on the left side (P ≤ .042). Females exhibited significantly lower FD values in both condylar regions in both groups (P ≤ .039) and in the right dentate regions in the controls (P ≤ .022). Correlations between age and FD in all regions were positive but nonsignificant in both groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS FD values of mandibular trabecular bone are affected by bruxism in the gonial region and by laterality and sex differences in the condylar and dentate regions.
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111
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Cesur E, Bayrak S, Kursun-Çakmak EŞ, Arslan C, Köklü A, Orhan K. Evaluating the effects of functional orthodontic treatment on mandibular osseous structure using fractal dimension analysis of dental panoramic radiographs. Angle Orthod 2021; 90:783-793. [PMID: 33378509 DOI: 10.2319/012020-39.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of functional appliance treatment on mandibular trabecular structure using fractal dimension (FD) analysis of dental panoramic radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted using digital panoramic radiographs of 45 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with functional appliances (treatment group, mean age: 11.39 ± 0.97 years; 23 girls, 22 boys) acquired before (T0) and after (T1) treatment and the panoramic radiographs of 45 control subjects who had undergone no orthodontic treatment (control group, mean age: 11.31 ± 0.87 years; 23 girls, 22 boys). FD values in the condylar process, mandibular corpus, and mandibular angle were analyzed from the panoramic radiographs of both groups. RESULTS Analysis of changes in FD between T0 and T1 revealed significant increases in the FD values of the right and left condylar processes and right mandibular corpus in the treatment group (P < .001) and in the right condylar process in the control group (P < .05). Between-group comparisons demonstrated that the treatment group showed greater changes in the condylar process (right, P < .001; left, P < .05) and right mandibular corpus (P < .05) compared to controls. Correlation analysis between the cephalometric and FD changes in the treatment group showed the right condylar process changes were negatively correlated with GoGn/SN angle (P < .05) and positively correlated with Co-Go (P < .05), although these correlations were weak. CONCLUSIONS FD analysis demonstrated significant changes in trabeculation of the condyle and mandibular corpus in the treatment group compared to the control group. Functional appliance treatment may lead to skeletal correction by altering skeletal form and trabeculation of the mandibular bone.
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112
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Comparison of Trabecular Bone Mineral Density Measurement Using Hounsfield Unit and Trabecular Microstructure in Orthodontic Patients Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the bone mineral density of specific regions of maxilla, mandible, and first cervical vertebra using the Hounsfield unit and trabecular microstructure pattern analysis and to compare the two methods. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 58 patients. Trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular separation, and bone volume fraction were measured in 484 regions for trabecular microstructure parameters and Hounsfield unit was measured for the grayscale value. There was no difference in bone mineral density between the right and left side in every site and between males and females. Trabecular thickness and trabecular number were high in the order of anterior base of the maxilla, mandibular body, first cervical vertebra, and mandibular condyle. Bone volume fraction and Hounsfield unit were high in the order of anterior base of the maxilla, mandibular body, mandibular condyle, and first cervical vertebra (p < 0.05). Trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and bone volume fraction was positively correlated to the Hounsfield unit, and trabecular separation was negatively correlated to the Hounsfield unit (p < 0.005). This study suggests that it is possible to compare the bone mineral density of trabecular bone in various sites using the Hounsfield unit and trabecular microstructure pattern analysis.
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113
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Ustaoğlu G, Göller Bulut D, Gümüş K. Evaluation of different platelet-rich concentrates effects on early soft tissue healing and socket preservation after tooth extraction. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2020; 121:539-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Uğur Aydın Z, Ocak MG, Bayrak S, Göller Bulut D, Orhan K. The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on changes in the fractal dimension of periapical lesion in teeth after root canal treatment: a fractal analysis study. Int Endod J 2020; 54:181-189. [PMID: 32931021 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This single-centre retrospective case-control study evaluated fractal dimension (FD) changes in radiographs of periapical lesions using a fractal analysis in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients following root canal treatment. METHODOLOGY The study data consisted of two groups: the DM group which contained a total of 46 mandibular molar teeth in 37 patients with no systemic disease other than type 2 DM, and the control group which contained a total of 52 mandibular molar teeth in 41 patients without systemic disease. Periapical radiographs were obtained prior to root canal treatment and 1 year post-treatment. Fractal analysis was performed by selecting a region of interest on the periapical radiographs. For both groups, the FD changes in lesion area were calculated and compared. In addition, periapical status was evaluated using the periapical index (PAI) scores on periapical radiographs for both groups. Data were analysed using dependent-sample t-test, independent-sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS In both groups, FD values were increased significantly 1 year post-treatment as compared with those prior to treatment (P < 0.05). The time-dependent increase in FD was significantly greater in the control group (P < 0.05). Time-dependent increases in FD did not differ between genders (P > 0.05). There was a significant decrease in PAI scores in both type 2 DM and control groups depending on time (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of time-related decreases in PAI scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION An increase in the FD of the periapical lesion area was observed 1 year after root canal treatment. DM had a negative effect on FD increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Uğur Aydın
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - M G Ocak
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - S Bayrak
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - D Göller Bulut
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - K Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey
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115
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Ince Yusufoglu S, Ugur Aydin Z, Tulumbaci F, Bayrak S. Evaluation of different Apexification treatments of teeth with immature apices and apical periodontitis on the fractal dimensions of trabecular bone. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:163-169. [PMID: 32902092 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate in the fractal dimension (FD) time-dependent changes of periapical bone after two different apexification treatments in teeth with immature apices and apical periodontitis. This study included 55 cases treated with apexification. Cases were divided into two groups: a calcium hydroxide group and a mineral trioxide aggregate group. In each case, the lesion area was evaluated by fractal analysis on periapical radiographs obtained before and 1-year after treatment via Image-J program. The FD of each region of interest on the radiographs was calculated using the fractal analysis method. The data were statistically analysed. In both groups, the FD values increased compare to initial at 1-year follow-up after treatment (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the time-dependent increase in FD values (P = 0.118). In the present study, time-dependent changes in FD were independent of the apexification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Ince Yusufoglu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Departments of Endodontics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Ugur Aydin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Departments of Endodontics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tulumbaci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Departments of Pedodontics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seval Bayrak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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116
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Ünlü Kurşun B, Akan E. Radiographic determination of trabecular bone change in 2- and 4-implant-supported overdenture prostheses. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 131:364-370. [PMID: 32859563 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the fractal dimensions (FDs) of peri-implant trabecular bone around 2-implant-supported overdentures with the FDs around 4-implant-supported overdentures at the time of implant placement (T0) and 1 year after placement (T1). STUDY DESIGN Standardized regions of interest were chosen at sites mesial and distal to 60 mandibular implants: 20 in 2-implant-supported prostheses (group 1) and 40 in 4-implant-supported prostheses (group 2), for a total of 120 measurements. FD values were calculated by using ImageJ software with the box-counting method. RESULTS The mean FD values of peri-implant bone were significantly lower at T1 than at T0 in both groups (P ≤ .001). Differences between the groups in the decrease in FD between T0 and T1 were mostly insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, 2-implant and 4-implant-supported overdentures exhibited the same degree of reduction in peri-implant FD over time, suggesting similar risk of failure because FD is related to implant stability. Depending on the patient's residual ridge status and other factors, the 2-implant-supported overdenture may be preferred because it requires less surgery and is less costly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Ünlü Kurşun
- Research Assistant, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Katip Çelebi, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ender Akan
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Katip Çelebi, Izmir, Turkey
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117
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Lang MS, Miyamoto T, Nunn ME. Validity of fractal analysis of implants in individuals with healthy and diseased peri-implant mucosa. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:1039-1046. [PMID: 32790884 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether fractal analysis could discriminate the peri-implant trabecular bone between individuals with healthy peri-implant mucosa and peri-implant disease using digital periapical radiographs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The electronic health records of patients with a dental implant were reviewed to determine their eligibility. One hundred four patients (aged 27-89 years) were included and divided into three groups. Group 1) Individuals with healthy peri-implant mucosa; Group 2) Individuals with peri-implant mucositis; or Group 3) Individuals with peri-implantitis. The following clinical measurements for each dental implant were extracted: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Digital periapical images of the implant were used to calculate the fractal dimension (FD) for each implant at two regions of interest (ROI). Summary statistics were calculated for mean PD, mean CAL, mean percent BOP, and mean FD by group. Differences among groups were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Spearman nonparametric correlations were tabulated for mean PD, mean CAL, mean percent BOP, and mean FD. RESULTS The only measure that did not demonstrate significant differences among groups was FD (p = .559) with all other measures demonstrating a significant difference (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Based on this study, FD of the peri-implant bone calculated from a periapical radiograph does not appear to be a valid method to distinguish between healthy and diseased implants, while clinical measures of PD, CAL, and BOP are useful for the diagnosis of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Lang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.,Private Practice, La Vista, NE, USA
| | - Takanari Miyamoto
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.,Private Practice, La Vista, NE, USA
| | - Martha E Nunn
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Aktuna Belgin C, Serindere G. Fractal and radiomorphometric analysis of mandibular bone changes in patients undergoing intravenous corticosteroid therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Iqbal J, Patil R, Khanna V, Tripathi A, Singh V, Munshi MAI, Tiwari R. Role of fractal analysis in detection of dysplasia in potentially malignant disorders. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2448-2453. [PMID: 32754518 PMCID: PMC7380790 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_159_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fractal analysis is, a noninvasive method, used to determine the intricate characteristics of the matter. Oral leukoplakia (OL), a potential malignant disorder, has definite propensity to turn in to malignancy. In such lesions, fractal dimension analysis (FDA) could be helpful in the early detection of malignant transformation. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of fractal dimension analysis in detecting malignancy potential of oral leukoplakia. Materials and Methods: After ethical clearance, we enrolled 121 patients in our study. Lesions were photographed before and after toluidine staining. Image J software was used to analyze fractal dimensions (FDs) of digital image and results were compared with biopsy. Results: Fractal dimension value is significantly higher in leukoplakia with dysplastic changes. FD values increase as age of patients increases. FD value in leukoplakia with different tobacco products showed more positive correlation with surti/khaini abusers. Conclusion: Fractal dimension analysis is a useful method in determination of complication in OL cases and can be used as an effective, noninvasive screening tool at primary healthcare centers for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjitkumar Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Khanna
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M A I Munshi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Clove Dental and OMNI Hospitals, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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120
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Akbulut S, Bayrak S, Korkmaz YN. Prediction of rapid palatal expansion success via fractal analysis in hand-wrist radiographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:192-198. [PMID: 32471664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fractal analysis of hand-wrist radiography in the decision of conventional or surgery-assisted rapid palatal expansion (RPE). METHODS The study included 48 patients who underwent the RPE procedure. Study groups were as follows: group 1 (successful conventional RPE [n = 24, 5 male and 19 female patients; mean age ± standard deviation, 15.85 ± 0.97 years]) and group 2 (failed conventional RPE [n = 24, 5 male and 19 female patients; mean age ± standard deviation, 15.96 ± 1.08 years]). Fractal dimension (FD) analysis was conducted on hand-wrist radiographs of the patients for 4 different regions: the epiphysis-diaphysis line of the radius bone and the proximal, medial (MP3), and distal (DP3) phalanxes of the middle finger. A Student t test was performed to compare fractal values between the groups. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to determine the optimal cutoff value of FDs. In addition, a Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the relationship between the fractal values and either age or hand-wrist stage in a second sample group (n = 90; age range, 8.7-18.7 years). RESULTS Fractal values of the radius, MP3, and DP3 were significantly increased in the failed conventional RPE group (P <0.05). The optimal cutoff value of the FD for predicting the success of conventional RPE was 1.16 in the radius, 1.18 in proximal phalanxes, 1.29 in MP3, and 1.08 in DP3. There was a positive correlation between fractal values of the radius and age or hand-wrist stages (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, results revealed that fractal analysis of hand-wrist radiographs might be considered a significant tool in the prediction of RPE success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Akbulut
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Seval Bayrak
- Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Nur Korkmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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121
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Lee Y, Park JH, Chang NY, Lee MY, Kim BC, Seo HY, Mangal U, Chae JM. Assessment of bone density changes following two-jaw surgery using multidetector computed tomography: A pilot study. Korean J Orthod 2020; 50:157-169. [PMID: 32475843 PMCID: PMC7270939 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the pre- and postsurgical
bone densities at alveolar and extra-alveolar sites following two-jaw
orthognathic surgery. Methods The sample consisted of 10 patients (mean age, 23.2 years; range,
18.0–27.8 years; 8 males, 2 females) who underwent two-jaw
orthognathic surgery. A three-dimensional imaging program (Invivo 5) was
used with multidetector computed tomography images taken pre- and
postoperatively (obtained 32.3 ± 6.0 days before surgery and 5.8 ±
2.6 days after surgery, respectively) for the measurement of bone densities
at the following sites: (1) alveolar bone in the maxilla and mandible, (2)
extra-alveolar sites, such as the top of the head, menton (Me), condyle, and
the fourth cervical vertebrae (C4). Results When pre- and postsurgical bone densities were compared, an overall tendency
of decrease in bone density was noted. Statistically significant reductions
were observed in the densities of cancellous bone at several areas of the
maxillary alveolar bone; cortical and cancellous bone in most areas of the
mandibular alveolar bone; cortical bone in Me; and cancellous bone in C4.
There was no statistically significant difference in bone density in
relation to the depth of the alveolar bone. In a comparison of the bone
densities between groups with and without genioplasty, there was almost no
statistically significant difference. Conclusions Accelerated tooth movement following orthognathic surgery may be confirmed
with reduced bone density. In addition, this study could offer insights into
bone metabolism changes following orthognathic surgery, providing direction
for further investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Young Chang
- Department of Orthodontics, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Gwanak Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Chul Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Young Seo
- School of Big Data and Financial Statistics, Wonkwang University College of Natural Sciences, Iksan, Korea
| | - Utkarsh Mangal
- Department of Orthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Chae
- Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea
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Coşgunarslan A, Soydan Çabuk D, Canger EM. Effect of total edentulism on the internal bone structure of mandibular condyle: a preliminary study. Oral Radiol 2020; 37:268-275. [PMID: 32418068 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the internal structure of the mandibular condyles in patients with total edentulism by applying fractal analysis on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and compare with dentate subjects. METHODS A total of 136 mandibular condyles were assessed. All CBCT images were prepared with 0.25-mm slice thickness and maximum magnification. A 64 × 64 pixel region of interest (ROI) within the trabecular bone in the center of the condyle was selected. Fractal analysis was performed using White and Rudolph's box-counting method. RESULTS Control and study groups were age and gender-matched. The mean fractal dimension (FD) value of the study group was significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In the study group, the mean FD value of the females was significantly lower than males (p = 0.01). For the control group, there was no significant difference between the genders for FD (p = 0.11). There was no significant difference between the age subgroups of the female study group and the male control group for FD (p = 0.22, p = 0.33). The mean FD value of the younger age subgroup was significantly higher compared to the older age subgroup in the female control and male study group (p = 0.03, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The internal bone structure of mandibular condyles in edentulous patients was found to be affected by edentulism. Fractal analysis can be used as an effective method for assessing temporomandibular joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykağan Coşgunarslan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Damla Soydan Çabuk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emin Murat Canger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Kato CNAO, Barra SG, Pereira MJC, Gomes LTF, Amaral TMP, Abreu LG, Brasileiro CB, Mesquita RA. Mandibular radiomorphometric parameters of women with cemento-osseous dysplasia. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20190359. [PMID: 31846355 PMCID: PMC7213529 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the radiomorphometric parameters of mandibular trabecular and cortical bone of females with and without cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional paired study was conducted. Digital panoramic radiographs were obtained from females diagnosed in a public service of Oral Medicine. The participants were divided into two groups of 50 subjects each: females with a diagnosis of COD (COD group) and females without a diagnosis of COD (non-COD group), randomly chosen from the image database and paired for age. The radiomorphometric parameters analyzed were: mandibular cortical width (MCW), fractal dimension (FD) and mandibular cortical index (MCI). The paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare MCW and FD values and the McNemar-Bowker test compared the MCI. RESULTS The mean age of both groups was 46.84 ± 11.38 years. The median MCW index was 3.12 mm (2.15-4.55) for the COD group and 3.52 mm (1.90-4.70) for the non-COD group (p = 0.034). The mean FD value of the COD group (1.2039 ± 0.0926) was lower than that of the non-COD group (1.2472 ± 0.0894) in the anatomical region of the interest of mandibular cortical bone (p = 0.031), while no difference was detected in alveolar trabecular bone. The C3 degree of MCI was more frequent in the COD group (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Females with COD had lower values of radiomorphometric parameters in mandibular cortical bone than females of the same age without COD. These results suggest that, in addition to the dental care recommended in the literature, COD females also require more attention and screening for low bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila NAO Kato
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sâmila G Barra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mateus JC Pereira
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas TF Gomes
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tânia MP Amaral
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B Brasileiro
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
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Geraets WG, Jonasson G, Hakeberg M. Changing trabecular patterns in panoramic radiographs of Swedish women during 25 years of follow-up. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20190494. [PMID: 32207990 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The radiographic trabecular pattern on dental radiographs may be used to predict fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze longitudinal changes in the mandibles of 145 females between 1980 and 2005. METHODS Panoramic radiographs were obtained in 1980 and 2005. On 290 radiographs, regions of interest (ROIs) were selected in the ramus, angle and body. In all ROIs, the orientation was measured in 36 directions with the line frequency deviation method. The effects of ageing were analyzed for the fracture and the non-fracture groups separately. RESULTS During the follow-up, 61 females suffered fractures of the hip, wrist, spine, leg or arm. The fracture and non-fracture groups displayed dissimilar age changes in each investigated ROI. All significant changes pertained to increasing values of line frequency deviation. With increasing age, the trabecular network in the mandible lost details and the trabeculae became more aligned in their main direction. In the "ramus", the alignment was to the 110-120˚ axis, parallel to the posterior and anterior ramus border. In the "angle", the alignment was to the 135-150˚ axis, parallel to the oblique line, and in the "body" ROI to the 150-175˚ direction, approximately parallel to the occlusal plane and inferior cortex. CONCLUSION Most changes were consistent with the notion that the bone aged less severely in the non-fracture group. In the fracture group, the findings indicate that bone loss leads to redistribution of the remaining bone tissue in such a way that the trabeculae are accentuated perpendicular to the principal loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil Gm Geraets
- Department of Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grethe Jonasson
- Research & Development Unit in Southern Ӓlvsborg County, Sven Eriksonplatsen 4, SE-50338 Borås, Sweden.,Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hakeberg
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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125
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Kış HC, Güleryüz Gürbulak A. Evaluation of the peri-implant bone trabecular microstructure changes in short implants with fractal analysis. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32236773 PMCID: PMC7109216 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS This study aimed to evaluate the microstructural changes in the peri-implant bone in patients with short implants in terms of implant survival status by using fractal analysis measurements. RESULTS Dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of 67 patients were examined and included in this study. Fractal analysis and measurement of the crown-implant ratio were performed with ImageJ. The fractal analysis measurement was performed on the DPRs obtained at preoperative (FD0) and in the follow-up periods (after 2 ± 2 weeks (FD1), 2 months ± 2 weeks (FD2), 6 months ± 2 weeks (FD3), and 12 months + (FD4)). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Power analyses were conducted for the test results that did not reject null hypothesis. A significant difference was found in the FD1 and FD2 values between the implant survival groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). The mean FD1 and FD2 values of the success group were significantly higher than those of the failure group. CONCLUSIONS Fractal analysis is a useful method to measure the trabecular microstructure of bone in non-standardized dental radiographs. The present study has a low power to reject the null hypothesis because of the low number of cases of implant failure. Therefore, further study with a large sample size is warranted. In clinical practice, the survival of implants may be predicted by analyzing fractal dimension of the surrounding trabecular bone of the implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Cansu Kış
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Palma LF, Tateno RY, Remondes CM, Marcucci M, Cortes ARG. Impact of radiotherapy on mandibular bone: A retrospective study of digital panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent 2020; 50:31-36. [PMID: 32206618 PMCID: PMC7078405 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2020.50.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of radiotherapy on mandibular bone tissue in head and neck cancer patients through an analysis of pixel intensity and fractal dimension values on digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods Thirty patients with radiographic records from before and after 3-dimensional (3D) conformational radiotherapy were selected. A single examiner carried out digital analyses of pixel intensity values and fractal dimensions, with the areas of interest unilaterally located in the right angle medullary region of the mandible below the mandibular canal and posterior to the molar region. Results Statistically significant decreases were observed in the mean pixel intensity (P=0.0368) and fractal dimension (P=0.0495) values after radiotherapy. Conclusion The results suggest that 3D conformational radiotherapy for head and neck cancer negatively affected the trabecular microarchitecture and mandibular bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Palma
- Discipline of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,MSc Dentistry Program, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cíntia Maria Remondes
- Stomatology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcucci
- Stomatology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center, Heliópolis Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez Cortes
- MSc Dentistry Program, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Aktuna Belgin C, Serindere G. Evaluation of trabecular bone changes in patients with periodontitis using fractal analysis: A periapical radiography study. J Periodontol 2020; 91:933-937. [PMID: 31850519 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was aimed to evaluate the trabecular bone changes between healthy individuals and periodontitis patients with fractal dimension analysis on digital periapical radiographs. METHODS Data from 35 healthy and 35 individuals with periodontitis were confirmed from the database of our faculty and included in the study. Two regions of interest (ROI) were selected belonging to mesial and distal region of mandibular first molar on periapical radiographs. The mean fractal dimension (FD) values of two regions were calculated with using box-counting method. Student t test was used for the comparison of the FDs. RESULTS The mean FD of individuals with periodontitis was 0.97, whereas it was 1.04 for the healthy group. The mean FD values were significantly higher in the healthy group (P < 0.05). In the periodontitis group, as the FD of mesial interdental bone increased, the FD of distal interdental bone increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Because of FD numerically showing changes in bone trabeculation, changes in the alveolar bone can be detected quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Aktuna Belgin
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gozde Serindere
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Evaluation of the mandibular trabecular bone in patients with bruxism using fractal analysis. Oral Radiol 2020; 37:36-45. [PMID: 31933121 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of bruxism on the fractal dimension (FD) of the mandibular trabecular bone through digital panoramic radiographs, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of fractal analysis as a diagnostic test for bruxism. METHODS One hundred and six bruxer and 106 non-bruxer patients were included in the study. Three bilateral regions of interest (ROI) were selected: ROI-1, the mandibular condyle; ROI-2, the mandibular angle; ROI-3, the-area between the apical regions of the mandibular second premolar and the first molar teeth. FD values for the bruxer and non-bruxer groups were compared for each ROI. RESULTS Only the FD measurements for the right mandibular condyle (ROI-1) showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.041) between the bruxer and non-bruxer individuals. FD values measured in the bruxers (1.40 ± 0.09) were lower than in the non-bruxers (1.42 ± 0.08). CONCLUSION Fractal analysis may be a useful method for discerning trabecular differences in the condylar areas of bruxer individuals. In future studies, the unilateral mastication habits, the characteristics of dental wear, and the occlusal bite forces of individuals should be documented.
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Trajano VCDC, Brasileiro CB, Henriques JADS, Cota LDM, Lanza CR, Cortés ME. Doxycycline encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin for periodontitis: a clinical trial. Braz Oral Res 2020; 33:e112. [PMID: 31939496 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This clinical trial compared the efficacy of doxycycline (DOX) in β-cyclodextrin (DOX)/βCD) with DOX- alone in gel on thirty-three subjects with periodontitis. Patients were randomized to group 1 GI; 10% DOX + scaling and root planning (SRP); group 2 (GII (10% DOX /β-CD + SRP), and group 3 (GIII; SRP). Gels were applied in GI and GII at baseline (T0) and 30 days later (T1). Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and Visible Plaque Index (VPI) were evaluated at (T0), 30 days (T1) and 60 days after T0 (T2). Bone density was analyzed after 18 months (T3). GII showed the most significant reduction of PPD (2.62 mm; p <0.003), and greatest gain in CAL (2.54 mm p <0.003) at T2. BOP and the VPI had a strong reduction in all groups at T2 (p <0.05), both decreased by ≥5 times and 2 times, respectively, in all groups at T1. Bone density increased in all groups in radiographs (T3). The use of DOX encapsulated in β-CD gel with SRP resulted in significant improvements in clinical periodontal parameters; such molecular inclusion of doxycycline into β-CD in gel for local application is relatively simple and useful in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cláudia Borges Brasileiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Clinical, Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Antônio de Souza Henriques
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Clinical, Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís de Miranda Cota
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Clinical, Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Lanza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Clinical, Surgery and Pathology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Esperanza Cortés
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Coşgunarslan A, Aşantoğrol F, Soydan Çabuk D, Canger EM. The effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the human mandible. Oral Radiol 2020; 37:20-28. [PMID: 31897966 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-019-00419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are a group of drugs that selectively and strongly block the serotonin transporter. Aim of this study was to evaluate the mandibular bone structure of patients who are using SSRIs with fractal analysis and panoramic morphometric indices [mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI) and Klemetti index (KI)] and to compare with control group. METHODS Patients who declared using SSRIs for more than six months had been included in the study group. In total, 212 dental panoramic radiographs (DPR) were assessed. For fractal analysis; three regions of interest (ROIs) were determined: ROI1 and ROI2 were chosen within trabecular bone, ROI3 was selected from cortical bone. MCW, PMI, and KI were obtained from DPRs. The study group was categorized into five subgroups of various SSRIs. The fractal dimension (FD) values and panoramic morphometric indices of these subgroups were also compared. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the groups for age and gender (p = 0.57, p = 0.5). There were significant differences in the mean FD values between the study and control groups both for the ROI1 and ROI2 (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups for the mean FD value of ROI3, MCW, PMI and KI (p = 0.93, p = 0.98, p = 0.74, p = 0.06). There were no significant differences for all the values between the SSRI subgroups (p = 0.52, p = 0.7, p = 0.76, p = 0.24, p = 0.31, p = 0.08) CONCLUSIONS: Trabecular rich sites of the mandible were found to be affected by SSRI usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykağan Coşgunarslan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey.
| | - Firdevs Aşantoğrol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
| | - Damla Soydan Çabuk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
| | - Emin Murat Canger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Melikgazi, Turkey
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Hayek E, Aoun G, Geha H, Nasseh I. Image-based Bone Density Classification Using Fractal Dimensions and Histological Analysis of Implant Recipient Site. Acta Inform Med 2020; 28:272-277. [PMID: 33627929 PMCID: PMC7879433 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2020.28.272-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Success of dental implants is affected by the quality and density of the alveolar bone. These parameters are essential for implant stability and influence its load-bearing capacity. Their assessment is usually based on preoperative radiographs used as a tool prior to implant procedures. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the bone density of surgically harvested bone specimens at implant recipient sites in the maxillary and mandibular posterior region using histological analysis to the radiographic bone density using fractal dimension for reliability and determining an image based classification of bone density prior surgery. Methods: Fifty implants were placed in the posterior region of male patients, (twenty five implants in the maxilla and twenty five in the mandible). The edentulous regions were presurgically assessed using Photo Stimulable Phosphor Plate (PSP) intra-oral radiographs and the fractal dimension box counting of region of interest was calculated at the implant recipient site. During surgery, bone core specimens were trephined, and bone densities and minerals parameters were evaluated based on histological analysis using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Fractal dimensions (FD) values for the same region of interest (ROI) selected on the radiographs of bone blocks and edentulous sites were different but showed a proportional variation in molar and premolar region of the maxilla and mandible. Bone density results, calculated by the ratio of bone mass (BM) to the bone volume (BV) of the bone core specimen (D=M/V), increased in the mandibular bone blocks, and decreased in the maxilla specimens. Moreover, fractal dimension values of preoperative radiographs at implant recipient sites and bone density of trephined showed a statistically similar distribution. However, no significant difference was shown in the percentage of minerals contents and mass of calcium phosphate of each bone specimen between maxilla and mandible based on scanning electron microscopy analysis. Four types of bone densities were classified according to the distribution of FD values based on preoperative radiographs and on the densities of bone cores calculations. Conclusion: Radiographic estimation of bone quality calculated with fractal dimension could be a useful, non-invasive tool when using preoperative intra-oral radiographs to predict bone density at implant recipient sites with caution and limits concerning the kind of digital radiographs and size of region of interest, especially when these results were based with bone specimens harvested from implant site as an absolute reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hayek
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Aoun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassem Geha
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nasseh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zuchuat J, Manzano A, Decco O. Image-based analysis of trabecular bone in osteoporotic rabbits: correlation of morphological features and bone mineral density profile. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019; 6:015005. [PMID: 33438593 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse a set of morphological features from digital radiographs (RX) and bone mineral density (BMD) values estimated from quantitative computerized tomography scans (QCT scans) of the knee joint of an osteoporotic rabbits, and to determine the relationship and correlation of these variables to be considered as an alternative diagnosis method. METHODS The knee joint of rabbits (N = 9 ovariectomized and injected with of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (OVX + MPSS) and 3 sham operated healthy controls) were subjected to radiographic examination before the beginning of the study and after 6 weeks; after sacrifice, they were immediately scanned with a 64-channel CT. A set of morphological features was extracted from RX images and then subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA); BMD-values were calculated at different depths from the articular surface of the femur and the tibia. The selected morphological variables and the BMD values were correlated in order to determine useful information in medical diagnostics. RESULTS Ten morphological variables explained 80.39% of the total variability, but only some of them demonstrated significant differences between baseline and OVX + SSMP states and between OVX + SSMP and control. Spearman analysis showed higher positive and negative correlation of these parameters among them (r = 0.67, 0.81, 0.83 and 1); and a moderate correlation with the BMD values (r = 0.50, 0.52, 0.52 and 0.55) during the progression of osteoporosis (OP). CONCLUSION The Spearman's rank test supported the overall significant correlation between both, the morphological features and BMD values, making them as a reliable alternative option to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jésica Zuchuat
- Bioimplants Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering-National University of Entre Rios, Oro Verde-Entre Rios, Argentina
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de Sá Cavalcante D, da Silva Castro MG, Quidute ARP, Martins MRA, Cid AMPL, de Barros Silva PG, Cadwell Williams J, Neves FS, Ribeiro TR, Costa FWG. Evaluation of bone texture imaging parameters on panoramic radiographs of patients with Sheehan's syndrome: a STROBE-compliant case-control study. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:2257-2269. [PMID: 31372710 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-05086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sheehan's syndrome (SHS) is a rare condition related to the risk of osteoporosis and evaluation of bone texture imaging features on panoramic radiographs would be suitable for this condition, which was the aim of the present study. Fractal dimension, lacunarity, and trabecular morphologic aspects were significantly altered in these patients. INTRODUCTION SHS is an important public health problem particularly in developing countries. It is characterized as postpartum hypopituitarism secondary to obstetric complications-related ischemic pituitary necrosis that shows significant systemic metabolic repercussions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate bone texture parameters in digital panoramic radiographs of patients with SHS. METHODS A case-control study was conducted with 30 SHS patients from an Endocrinology and Diabetology Service of reference in Brazil, and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. A custom computer program measured fractal dimension, lacunarity, and some morphologic features in the following mandibular regions of interest (50 × 50 pixels): below the mental foramen (F1), between the first and second molars (M1), and at the center of the mandibular ramus (R1). RESULTS The fractal analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the studied groups in all regions of interest. The fractal dimension in F1 (p = 0.016), M1 (p = 0.043), and R1 (p = 0.028) was significantly lower in SHS group, as well as lacunarity in R1 (p = 0.008). Additionally, several morphologic features were statistically significant in the SHS group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Therefore, individuals with SHS showed altered imaging texture parameters on panoramic radiographs, which reflect a smaller spatial organization of the bone trabeculae and, possibly, a state of reduced mineral bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de Sá Cavalcante
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St 949, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - M G da Silva Castro
- Realistic Simulation Center, Univeristy Center UNICHRISTUS, R. João Adolfo Gurgel St 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-060, Brazil
| | - A R P Quidute
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Alexandre Baraúna St 949, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - M R A Martins
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Alexandre Baraúna St 949, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - A M P L Cid
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St 949, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - P G de Barros Silva
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St 949, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - J Cadwell Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - F S Neves
- Division of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Araújo Pinho ave 62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-040, Brazil
| | - T R Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St 949, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - F W G Costa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Alexandre Baraúna St 949, Rodolfo Teofilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil.
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Kato CN, Barra SG, Tavares NP, Amaral TM, Brasileiro CB, Mesquita RA, Abreu LG. Use of fractal analysis in dental images: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 49:20180457. [PMID: 31429597 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reviewed the use of fractal analysis (FA) in dental images. METHODS A search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The inclusion criteria were human studies in the English language, with no date restriction. RESULTS 78 articles were found in which FA was applied to panoramic radiographs (34), periapical radiographs (21), bitewing radiographs (4), cephalometric radiograph (1), cone beam CT (15), micro-CT (3), sialography (2), and ultrasound (2). Low bone mineral density (21) and systemic or local diseases (22) around the bone of dental implants were the main subjects of the study of FA. Various sizes and sites of the regions of interest were used to evaluate the bone structure. Different ways were used to treat the image and to calculate FA. FA of 43 articles showed significant differences in the comparison of groups, mainly between healthy and sick patients. CONCLUSIONS FA in Dentistry has been widely applied to the study of images. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were those most frequently used. The Image J software and the box-counting method were extensively adopted in the studies reviewed herein. Further studies are encouraged to improve clarification of the parameters that directly influence FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nao Kato
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sâmila G Barra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Núbia Pk Tavares
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mp Amaral
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B Brasileiro
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Coşgunarslan A, Canger EM, Soydan Çabuk D, Kış HC. The evaluation of the mandibular bone structure changes related to lactation with fractal analysis. Oral Radiol 2019; 36:238-247. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-019-00400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gomes NR, Albergaria JDS, Henriques JADS, Amaral TMP, Abdo EN, Silva GAB, Brasileiro CB. Comparison between fractal analysis and radiopacity evaluation as a tool for studying repair of an osseous defect in an animal model using biomaterials. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 48:20180466. [PMID: 31295019 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate bone repair of an osseous defect in a rat animal model through fractal analysis and radiopacity analysis in radiographic images. METHODS 120 rats were subjected to extraction of their first molar and divided into four groups (n = 6/group) according to the material used for bone grafting: mineralized bovine bone, demineralized bovine bone (DBB), blood clot (BC - control) or Bio-Oss® (BO). The animals were sacrificed after 1, 7, 14, 21 and 49 days and subjected to radiographic evaluation. For fractal analysis (FA), a square regionof interest of 30 × 30 pixels was used, and radiopacity was measured as the mean gray scale (MGS) value for three points of 5 × 5 pixels in the apical, medial and coronal regions of the defect. Histomorphometric evaluation was realized as the gold standard for bone neo-formation and maturation of the new osseous matrix. RESULTS Histomorphometric evaluation suggested that DBB showed faster mineralized deposition and resulted in more mature bone at the final time point of evaluation. Mineralized bovine bone and Bio-Oss presented similar results. The mineralized groups did not show significant differences in bone maturation. The radiopacity analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the DBB and blood clot groups at the final time point. FA did not show any significant differences at the final time point. CONCLUSIONS Mean gray scale seemed to be more effective for the quantification of bone repair than FA in the demineralized group in this animal model. Results for the mineralized groups did not reveal a significant difference, leading to the conclusion that both methods are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália R Gomes
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliano D S Albergaria
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jonathas A de S Henriques
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tânia M P Amaral
- Department of Clinical, Pathology and Dental Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Evandro N Abdo
- Department of Clinical, Pathology and Dental Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gerluza A B Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Borges Brasileiro
- Department of Clinical, Pathology and Dental Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Şahin O, Odabaşı O, Demiralp KÖ, Kurşun-Çakmak EŞ, Aliyev T. Comparison of findings of radiographic and fractal dimension analyses on panoramic radiographs of patients with early-stage and advanced-stage medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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138
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Effects of root-end filling on the fractal dimension of the periapical bone after periapical surgery: retrospective study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3645-3651. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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139
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Neves FS, Barros AS, Cerqueira GA, Cruz GA, Reis AA, Alves LB, Crusoé-Rebello I. Assessment of fractal dimension and panoramic radiomorphometric indices in women with celiac disease. Oral Radiol 2019; 36:141-147. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-019-00388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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140
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Bayrak S, Göller Bulut D, Orhan K, Sinanoğlu EA, Kurşun Çakmak EŞ, Mısırlı M, Ankaralı H. Evaluation of osseous changes in dental panoramic radiography of thalassemia patients using mandibular indexes and fractal size analysis. Oral Radiol 2019; 36:18-24. [PMID: 30680524 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-019-00372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the radiomorphometric indexes and fractal dimension (FD) on dental panoramic radiography (DPR) of Thalassemia Major (TM) patients. METHODS In 59 TM patients and in 59 healthy control subjects, mandibular cortical index (MCI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and FD of four different regions (FD1-4) were evaluated and compared using DPRs. RESULTS The distribution of MCI in TM patients was similar to control subjects (p > 0.05). The mean MCW was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in PMI between TM patients and control subjects. The mean of FD measured in the supracortical area above the angle of mandible (FD2), in the anterior to the mental foramen (FD4) and mean FD of four different regions was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimensions evaluated in the panoramic radiograph are capable of identifying thalassemia patients' jaw bone, and the results of DPR scanning can be used to refer these patients to appropriate medical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seval Bayrak
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Gölköy, 14000, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Göller Bulut
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Gölköy, 14000, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Dentistry Faculty, Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Enver Alper Sinanoğlu
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Melis Mısırlı
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Handan Ankaralı
- Medicine Faculty, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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141
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Toghyani S, Nasseh I, Aoun G, Noujeim M. Effect of Image Resolution and Compression on Fractal Analysis of the Periapical Bone. Acta Inform Med 2019; 27:167-170. [PMID: 31762572 PMCID: PMC6853732 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2019.27.167-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fractal dimension (FD) on periapical radiographs is used as a simple descriptor of the complex architecture of the trabecular bone surrounding the dentition. It is used on periapical and panoramic radiographs as a descriptor of the complex architecture of trabecular bone surrounding teeth. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of image resolution and different compression levels on fractal dimension of alveolar bone with images obtained using storage phosphor plate (SPP) system. Methods: Periapical images of premolar and molar teeth on both sides of three dry human mandibles were obtained with Digora Optime (Soredex Corp., Helsinki, Finland) SPP system. The SPPs were exposed equally and scanned immediately after exposure with standard, high and very high resolutions. All the images then were compressed and saved by degrees of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90%. FD was calculated using public domain software (ImageJ with FracLac plug-in) on two non-overlapping regions of interest (ROIs) on premolar and molar periapical bone areas of each radiograph using differential box-counting method. The ROIs on corresponding images were of the same size and position. FDs were compared using two-way ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison tests (p=0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in FD calculations in different levels of compression for all the resolutions. Images obtained with high resolution scans showed significantly lower variation in FD values compared to very high and standard resolutions for all compressions (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The high resolution demonstrated the lowest variation in FD values in all levels of compression which makes it the most reliable and consistent resolution for measuring the FD values. The level of compression does not make a significant difference in FD values for all the scan resolutions. Scanning resolution of SPPs should be carefully chosen when evaluating the change in FD of alveolar bone for various bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Toghyani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Diagnosis and Oral Health, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nasseh
- Department of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Postgraduate Program, Lebanese University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanon
| | - Georges Aoun
- Department of Oral Medicine and Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology, Lebanese University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanon
| | - Marcel Noujeim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas, USA
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A Comparison between the Implant Stability Quotient and the Fractal Dimension of Alveolar Bone at the Implant Site. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4357627. [PMID: 30410933 PMCID: PMC6205094 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4357627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Fractal analysis of the radiographic pattern of bone has been used to evaluate its quantitative properties. However, the relation between initial implant stability and quality of bone remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate RFA values in relation to the fractal dimension of bone where the implant was inserted. Material and Methods A total of 50 two-stage dental implants were placed in the maxilla and mandible of 32 patients. After implant placement, an implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured in two perpendicular planes. On intraoral digital periapical radiographs, three 35x35 pixels' regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen covering the bone adjacent to the neck (ROI 1), middle (ROI 2), and apical (ROI 3) part of the implant, respectively. For every ROI, a fractal dimension (FD) was calculated. A linear correlation, as well as a logistic regression analysis, was used to identify a possible relation between the ISQ and FD values for every ROI in the maxilla and mandible. Results The ISQ and FD values were found to be correlated at ROI 1 for the maxilla. There was no linear correlation between ISQ and FD values in any of the three ROIs in the mandible. However, logistic regression analysis showed that in ROI 1 and ROI 3 the values of FD and ISQ are statistically important and may be used to express the difference between maxilla and mandible. Conclusion The fractal dimension of alveolar bone measured from intraoral digital radiographs alone may be an insufficient parameter to determine initial implant stability.
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143
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Effect of bisphosphonate treatment on the jawbone: an exploratory study using periapical and panoramic radiographic evaluation. Oral Radiol 2018; 35:159-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-018-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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144
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ALCÂNTARA CEP, CASTRO MAA, NORONHA MSD, MARTINS-JUNIOR PA, MENDES RDM, CALIARI MV, MESQUITA RA, FERREIRA AJ. Hyaluronic acid accelerates bone repair in human dental sockets: a randomized triple-blind clinical trial. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e84. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Servais JA, Gaalaas L, Lunos S, Beiraghi S, Larson BE, Leon-Salazar V. Alternative cone-beam computed tomography method for the analysis of bone density around impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 154:442-449. [PMID: 30173848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic and environmental etiologic factors have been described for maxillary canine impaction, except for the trabecular bone characteristics in the impacted area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface area and fractal dimension of the alveolar bone on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients with maxillary impacted canines. METHODS The sample comprised preorthodontic treatment CBCT images of 49 participants with maxillary impacted canines (31 unilateral and 18 bilateral). CBCT images were acquired in portrait mode (17 × 23 cm high field of view) at 120 kV, 5 mA, 8.9-seconds exposure time, and 0.3-mm voxel size. Coronal slices (0.3 mm) were obtained from the right and left alveolar processes between the first and second maxillary premolars. We collected 64 × 64-pixel regions of interest between the premolars to assess maxillary bone area and fractal dimension using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md). Comparisons were made using paired t tests and linear regression. Repeated measurements were obtained randomly from about 20% of the sample. RESULTS In subjects with unilateral impactions, the maxillary bone area (P = 0.0227) was higher in the impacted side, with a mean difference of 245.5 pixels (SD, 569.2), but the fractal dimension (P = 0.9822) was not, -0.0003 pixels (SD, 0.082). Comparisons of unilateral and bilateral subjects using a general linear mixed model test confirmed the increased bone area in the impacted side (P = 0.1062). The repeated measurements showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS The maxillary alveolar bone area is increased in the impacted side compared with the nonimpacted side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad A Servais
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | | | - Scott Lunos
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Soraya Beiraghi
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Brent E Larson
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
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Diana C, Mohanty S, Chaudhary Z, Kumari S, Dabas J, Bodh R. Does platelet-rich fibrin have a role in osseointegration of immediate implants? A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:1178-1188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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147
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Göller Bulut D, Bayrak S, Uyeturk U, Ankarali H. Mandibular indexes and fractal properties on the panoramic radiographs of the patients using aromatase inhibitors. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180442. [PMID: 29987984 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate fractal dimension (FD), mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic radiographs to determine the mandibular cortical and trabecular bone changes in females with breast cancer undergoing aromatase inhibitors (AIs) treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective study, FD analysis, PMI, MCI, and MCW were assessed over panoramic radiographs of 34 females under AI therapy as a patient group and 34 healthy age-gender matched individuals as a control group. RESULTS: Mean FD values and MCW were slightly but not significantly lower in the patient group (1.47 ± 0.06 and 4.1 ± 1.2 respectively). FDs measured onthe supracortical area above the angulus mandibula (FD2) and anterior to the mental foramen (FD4) were significantly lower in patients (p = 0.037 and p = 0.046 respectively). Among the measured regions in patients, FD2 was significantly lower (p = 0.001). PMI was also significantly lower in patients (p = 0.001) and MCI were similar in both groups (p = 0.604). CONCLUSION: AI use affects bone quality and evaluating FD, PMI, and MCW in panoramic radiography can be used to determine the effect of this drug on the jaw bones in the early period. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Aromatase inhibitors are the most commonly used drugs in breast cancer patients. This drug is thought to have osteoporotic effects on the jawbone. This study is the first study to evaluate osteoporotic changes with measurements made on panoramic radiographs and the results of the study are significant. We think this study will shed light on the studies that will investigate the effects of the drug on the jaw bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Göller Bulut
- 1 Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Seval Bayrak
- 1 Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Ummügül Uyeturk
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine , Bolu , Turkey
| | - Handan Ankarali
- 3 Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
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Bone Texture Fractal Dimension Analysis of Ultrasound-Treated Bone around Implant Site: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2672659. [PMID: 29849635 PMCID: PMC5925011 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2672659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of bone texture fractal dimension (FD) analysis method in predicting implant stability from intraoral periapical radiographs using two implant protocols. Materials and Methods A double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 22 subjects who needed dental implants. The participants were randomized into two groups, the control group with standard implant protocol treatment and the intervention group with added low-intensity power ultrasound treatment (LIPUS) besides the standard implant protocol. The FD values of bone density were carried out on the mesial and distal sides of the implant on digital intraoral radiographs using the box-counting method. Both resonance frequency (RF) and fractal dimension (FD) were assessed in three time intervals: after surgery and before and after loading. Results FD on both the mesial and distal sides serve as very good-to-excellent tests with high validity (ROC area exceeding 0.8) in predicting high implant stability (ISQ ≥ 70). The mesial side measurements were consistently better than the distal side among the intervention groups. The optimum cutoff value for the FD-mesial side that predicts a highly stable implant (ISQ ≥ 70) is ≥1.505. At this optimum cutoff value, the mesial side FD is associated with a perfect sensitivity (100%) and fairly high specificity (86.5%). Conclusion The FD analysis could be recommended as an adjunctive quantitative method in prediction of the implant stability with very high sensitivity and specificity. This trial is registered with ISRCTN72648040.
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Watson PJ, Fitton LC, Meloro C, Fagan MJ, Gröning F. Mechanical adaptation of trabecular bone morphology in the mammalian mandible. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7277. [PMID: 29740057 PMCID: PMC5940912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone, together with the underlying trabecular bone, fulfils an important role in providing structural support against masticatory forces. Diseases such as osteoporosis or periodontitis cause alveolar bone resorption which weakens this structural support and is a major cause of tooth loss. However, the functional relationship between alveolar bone remodelling within the molar region and masticatory forces is not well understood. This study investigated this relationship by comparing mammalian species with different diets and functional loading (Felis catus, Cercocebus atys, Homo sapiens, Sus scrofa, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Ovis aries). We performed histomorphometric analyses of trabecular bone morphology (bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular spacing) and quantified the variation of bone and tooth root volumes along the tooth row. A principal component analysis and non-parametric MANOVA showed statistically significant differences in trabecular bone morphology between species with contrasting functional loading, but these differences were not seen in sub-adult specimens. Our results support a strong, but complex link between masticatory function and trabecular bone morphology. Further understanding of a potential functional relationship could aid the diagnosis and treatment of mandibular diseases causing alveolar bone resorption, and guide the design and evaluation of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Watson
- Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Laura C Fitton
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carlo Meloro
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Michael J Fagan
- Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Flora Gröning
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine Research Programme, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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Kurşun-Çakmak EŞ, Bayrak S. Comparison of fractal dimension analysis and panoramic-based radiomorphometric indices in the assessment of mandibular bone changes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:184-191. [PMID: 29805101 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the fractal dimension (FD) and radiomorphometric indices in the assessment of mandibular bone of patients with type 1 (T1 DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). STUDY DESIGN Panoramic radiographs of 104 patients were evaluated to calculate FD, mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI) in the mandible. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found in FD when T1 DM and T2 DM groups were compared with controls (P ≥ .168). Patients with T1 DM had significantly lower MCW (P < .001) and PMI (P = .030) compared with controls. Patients with T2 DM had no significant differences in MCW (P = .228) or PMI (P = .137) compared with controls. No significant differences were observed between patients with T1 DM and those with T2 DM for FD, MCW, and PMI (P > .05). In the T1 DM and T2 DM groups, there was a significant correlation between MCW and FD (P ≤ .011). No correlation was observed between FD and PMI in either the T1 DM group or the T2 DM group (P ≥ .142). No significant differences in MCI were observed between the DM groups and controls (P = .740) or between the T1 DM and T2 DM groups (P = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS The cortical and trabecular bone architectures of patients with T1 DM and T2 DM were not different. Patients with T1 DM had lower cortical measurements compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seval Bayrak
- Abant İzzet Baysal University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Bolu, Turkey.
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