101
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Shao Q, Zhu W. Ligand binding effects on the activation of the EGFR extracellular domain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8141-8151. [PMID: 30933195 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most common target proteins in anti-cancer therapy. The binding of the EGF ligand to the EGFR extracellular domain (EGFR-ECD) promotes its inactive-to-active conformational transition (activation) but the relevant detailed mechanism remains elusive still. Here, the structural characterization and energetics of the EGFR-ECD conformational transition with and without the binding of the EGF are quantitatively explored using an innovative enhanced sampling MD simulation method. Intriguingly, the EGF offers hydrophobic interactions (e.g., EGF residues of Tyr44 and Leu47) and electrostatic interactions (e.g., the EGF residues of Glu5, Asp11, Asp17, and Arg41) to play a dominant role in dragging domain III to close the ligand binding domain gap. Subsequently, the correlation between domains III and II is enhanced through salt-bridges among Glu376, Arg403, and Arg405 from domain III and Glu293, Glu295, and Arg300 from domain II. Finally, the structural bending of domain II is regulated to facilitate the disengagement of domain II from domain IV. In this regard, the functional conformational transition of EGFR-ECD is a consequence of the cooperative motion of protein domains driven by the EGF ligand binding. The present study shows a detailed scenario of the EGF induced activation of EGFR-ECD and provides valuable information for drug discovery targeting the EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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102
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Martin-Fernandez ML, Clarke DT, Roberts SK, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Gervasio FL. Structure and Dynamics of the EGF Receptor as Revealed by Experiments and Simulations and Its Relevance to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E316. [PMID: 30959819 PMCID: PMC6523254 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is historically the prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase, being the first cloned and the first where the importance of ligand-induced dimer activation was ascertained. However, many years of structure determination has shown that EGFR is not completely understood. One challenge is that the many structure fragments stored at the PDB only provide a partial view because full-length proteins are flexible entities and dynamics play a key role in their functionality. Another challenge is the shortage of high-resolution data on functionally important higher-order complexes. Still, the interest in the structure/function relationships of EGFR remains unabated because of the crucial role played by oncogenic EGFR mutants in driving non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite targeted therapies against EGFR setting a milestone in the treatment of this disease, ubiquitous drug resistance inevitably emerges after one year or so of treatment. The magnitude of the challenge has inspired novel strategies. Among these, the combination of multi-disciplinary experiments and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations have been pivotal in revealing the basic nature of EGFR monomers, dimers and multimers, and the structure-function relationships that underpin the mechanisms by which EGFR dysregulation contributes to the onset of NSCLC and resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK.
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103
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Kaufman NEM, Meng Q, Griffin KE, Singh SS, Dahal A, Zhou Z, Fronczek FR, Mathis JM, Jois SD, Vicente MGH. Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Near-IR Boron Dipyrromethene Bioconjugates for Labeling of Adenocarcinomas by Selectively Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3323-3335. [PMID: 30835998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of five boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) bioconjugates containing an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted pegylated LARLLT peptide and/or a glucose or biotin ethylene diamine group were synthesized, and the binding capability of the new conjugates to the extracellular domain of EGFR was investigated using molecular modeling, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence microscopy, competitive binding assays, and animal studies. The BODIPY conjugates with a LARLLT peptide were found to bind specifically to EGFR, whereas those lacking the peptide bound weakly and nonspecifically. All BODIPY conjugates showed low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 94 μM) in HT-29 cells, both in the dark and upon light activation (1.5 J/cm2). Studies of nude mice bearing subcutaneous human HT-29 xenografts revealed that only BODIPY conjugates bearing the LARLLT peptide showed tumor localization 24 h after intravenous administration. The results of our studies demonstrate that BODIPY bioconjugates bearing the EGFR-targeting peptide 3PEG-LARLLT show promise as near-IR fluorescent imaging agents for colon cancers overexpressing EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole E M Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Qianli Meng
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Kaitlin E Griffin
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Sitanshu S Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana 71201 , United States
| | - Achyut Dahal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana 71201 , United States
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences , Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , Louisiana 71201 , United States
| | - M Graça H Vicente
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
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104
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Liu X, Liu S, Lyu H, Riker AI, Zhang Y, Liu B. Development of Effective Therapeutics Targeting HER3 for Cancer Treatment. Biol Proced Online 2019; 21:5. [PMID: 30930695 PMCID: PMC6425631 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-019-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 is the third member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR) family, and unlike its other family members, is unique due to its minimal intrinsic kinase activity. As a result, HER3 has to interact with another receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as EGFR or HER2, in order to activate the PI-3 K/Akt, MEK/MAPK, Jak/Stat pathways, as well as Src kinase. Over-expression of HER3 in various human cancers promotes tumor progression by increasing metastatic potential and acting as a major cause of treatment failure. Effective inhibition of HER3, and/or the key downstream mediators of HER3 signaling, is thought to be required to overcome resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy. To date, there is no known HER3-targeted therapy that is approved for breast cancer, with a number of anti-HER3 antibodies current in various stages of development and clinical testing. Recent data suggests that the epigenetic strategy of using a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, or functional cooperative miRNAs, may be an effective way to abrogate HER3 signaling. Here, we summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the mechanism of HER3 signaling in tumor progression, with continuing research towards the identification of therapeutic anti-HER3 antibodies. We will also examine the potential to develop novel epigenetic approaches that specifically target the HER3 receptor, along with important key downstream mediators that are involved in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- 2Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Hui Lyu
- 2Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Adam I Riker
- 3Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Yamin Zhang
- 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bolin Liu
- 2Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
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105
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Ma S, Jia S, Ren Y, Cao B, Zha X, He J, Chen C. ErbB3 Ligand Heregulin1 Is a Major Mitogenic Factor for Uncontrolled Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation. Neoplasia 2019; 21:343-352. [PMID: 30831376 PMCID: PMC6403265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are seven ligands for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ErbB1 and two ligands for ErbB3. EGFR can form a homodimer or a heterodimer with ErbB3. In this study, we investigated whether homodimers or heterodimers, and which ligand, play a major role in cancer development, with the goal of ultimately identifying therapeutic targets. We demonstrated that the ErbB3 ligand heregulin1 is the strongest mitogenic factor for non-small cell lung cancer cells and is more potent in activating EGFRmut-ErbB3 heterodimers than EGFRwt-ErbB3 heterodimers. We discovered that four of the seven EGFR ligands inhibited heregulin1-induced EGFRwt-ErbB3 activation and cell proliferation by promoting dephosphorylation of heregulin1-induced ErbB3 phosphorylation, whereas the other three did not exhibit such inhibition. Importantly, those four EGFR ligands did not inhibit heregulin1-induced EGFRmut-ErbB3 activation and proliferation of cells with EGFR mutants. We demonstrated that ErbB3 was overexpressed in the lung cancer cells but not in the adjacent normal alveoli or stromal tissue. EGFR and heregulin1 were also highly expressed in lung cancer cells. We conclude that the overexpression of heregulin1, ErbB3, and EGFR mutant renders uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Ma
- Department of Basic Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital/Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041
| | - Shijun Jia
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital/Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Basic Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital/Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041
| | - Bangrong Cao
- Department of Basic Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital/Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041
| | - Xiao Zha
- Department of Basic Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital/Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041
| | - Jintao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital/Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041
| | - Changmin Chen
- Department of Basic Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital/Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041; Sichuan Precision Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000.
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106
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Manivannan A, Kim JH, Kim DS, Lee ES, Lee HE. Deciphering the Nutraceutical Potential of Raphanus sativus-A Comprehensive Overview. Nutrients 2019; 11:E402. [PMID: 30769862 PMCID: PMC6412475 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Raphanus sativus (Radish) belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is a widely consumed root vegetable all around the world. The nutritional and medicinal values of radishes have been proven by several researches. Extracts prepared from the aerial and underground parts of radishes have been used in the treatment of stomach disorders, urinary infections, hepatic inflammation, cardiac disorders and ulcers in folk medicine since the ancient times. The pharmaceutical potential of radishes is attributed to the presence of its beneficial secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates, polyphenols and isothiocyanates. The present review has focused on the impact of radish extract administration under pathological complications, such as cancer, diabetes, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, a comprehensive view of molecular mechanism behind the regulation of molecular drug targets associated with different types of cancers and diabetes by the bioactive compounds present in the radish extracts have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Manivannan
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
| | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
| | - Eun-Su Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea.
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107
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Qin L, Beier F. EGFR Signaling: Friend or Foe for Cartilage? JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10177. [PMID: 30828691 PMCID: PMC6383702 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using genetically modified mice, pharmacological approaches, and human samples have highlighted an important role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), selected ligands, and downstream components in endochondral bone formation and joint homeostasis. Although most data demonstrate an important function of this pathway in endochondral ossification and articular cartilage growth, conflicting results on its role in osteoarthritis have been reported. In some contexts, inactivation of EGFR signaling has been shown to protect joints from surgically induced osteoarthritis, whereas in others, similar manipulations worsened joint pathology. The current review summarizes recent studies of cartilage EGFR signaling in long bone development and diseases, provides potential explanations for the reported discrepancies, and suggests directions for future work to clarify the potential of this pathway as target for osteoarthritis treatment. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonCanada
- Western Bone and Joint InstituteUniversity of Western OntarioLondonCanada
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108
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Quinn SD, Srinivasan S, Gordon JB, He W, Carraway KL, Coleman MA, Schlau-Cohen GS. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Detection of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Membrane Discs. Biochemistry 2019; 58:286-294. [PMID: 29553754 PMCID: PMC6173994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critical to normal cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, it has been implicated in a range of pathologies, including cancer. As a result, it is the primary target of many anticancer drugs. One limitation to the design and development of these drugs has been the lack of molecular-level information about the interactions and conformational dynamics of EGFR. To overcome this limitation, this work reports the construction and characterization of functional, fluorescently labeled, and full-length EGFR in model membrane nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) for in vitro fluorescence studies. To demonstrate the utility of the system, we investigate ATP-EGFR interactions. We observe that ATP binds at the catalytic site providing a means to measure a range of distances between the catalytic site and the C-terminus via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). These ATP-based experiments suggest a range of conformations of the C-terminus that may be a function of the phosphorylation state for EGFR. This work is a proof-of-principle demonstration of single-molecule studies as a noncrystallographic assay for EGFR interactions in real-time and under near-physiological conditions. The diverse nature of EGFR interactions means that new tools at the molecular level have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of receptor pathology and are of utmost importance for cancer-related drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Shwetha Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Jesse B. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Wei He
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Kermit L. Carraway
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Radiation Oncology, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139
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109
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Menezes SV, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. The metastasis suppressor NDRG1 down-regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor via a lysosomal mechanism by up-regulating mitogen-inducible gene 6. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4045-4064. [PMID: 30679310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis suppressor, N-Myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) inhibits a plethora of oncogenic signaling pathways by down-regulating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Herein, we examined the mechanism involved in NDRG1-mediated EGFR down-regulation. NDRG1 overexpression potently increased the levels of mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), which inhibits EGFR and facilitates its lysosomal processing and degradation. Conversely, silencing NDRG1 in multiple human cancer cell types decreased MIG6 expression, demonstrating the regulatory role of NDRG1. Further, NDRG1 overexpression facilitated MIG6-EGFR association in the cytoplasm, possibly explaining the significantly (p <0.001) increased half-life of MIG6 from 1.6 ± 0.2 h under control conditions to 7.9 ± 0.4 h after NDRG1 overexpression. The increased MIG6 levels enhanced EGFR co-localization with the late endosome/lysosomal marker, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). An increase in EGFR levels after MIG6 silencing was particularly apparent when NDRG1 was overexpressed, suggesting a role for MIG6 in NDRG1-mediated down-regulation of EGFR. Silencing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which facilitates early to late endosome maturation, decreased MIG6, and also increased EGFR levels in both the presence and absence of NDRG1 overexpression. These results suggest a role for PTEN in regulating MIG6 expression. Anti-tumor drugs of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone class that activate NDRG1 expression also potently increased MIG6 and induced its cytosolic co-localization with NDRG1. This was accompanied by a decrease in activated and total EGFR levels and its redistribution to late endosomes/lysosomes. In conclusion, NDRG1 promotes EGFR down-regulation through the EGFR inhibitor MIG6, which leads to late endosomal/lysosomal processing of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharleen V Menezes
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia
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110
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Muscatello LV, Di Oto E, Sarli G, Monti V, Foschini MP, Benazzi C, Brunetti B. HER2 Amplification Status in Feline Mammary Carcinoma: A Tissue Microarray-Fluorescence In Situ Hydridization-Based Study. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:230-238. [PMID: 30384816 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818808531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor overexpressed in a subset of breast cancer due to HER2 gene amplification. HER2 protein is expressed in feline mammary carcinomas, but little is known about its cytogenetic alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate HER2 gene amplification status and its correlation with HER2 protein expression in feline mammary carcinomas. Feline mammary carcinomas were retrospectively selected and immunohistochemically (IHC) evaluated for HER2 protein expression. All the HER2 IHC-positive (3+) and equivocal (2+) cases and a subset of negative cases (0/1+) were selected for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Dual-core tissue microarrays were prepared for FISH. IHC and FISH were evaluated according to the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines. The study included 107 feline mammary carcinomas from 88 queens. HER2 protein expression was positive (3+) in 7 cases (6.5%), equivocal (2+) in 48 cases (45%), and negative (0/1+) in 52 cases (48.5%). HER2 status was indeterminate in 8 feline mammary carcinomas (12%), amplified in 3 (4%), equivocal in 4 (6%), and nonamplified in 53 (78%). HER2 gene amplification and protein expression were significantly positively correlated ( R = 0.283; P < .0001). HER2 gene is amplified in a subset of feline mammary carcinomas despite the HER2 positive or equivocal protein expression, but it remains to be determined if the HER2 amplification is a gene alteration that drives mammary tumor carcinogenesis or only a bystander passenger mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vera Muscatello
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Enrico Di Oto
- 2 Molecular Pathology-Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, Oncological Institute "F.Addarii"-S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria Pia Foschini
- 4 Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Benazzi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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111
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Targeting tumor cells with antibodies enhances anti-tumor immunity. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2018; 4:243-253. [PMID: 30533489 PMCID: PMC6245233 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-018-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting antibodies were initially defined as a group of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that recognize tumor-specific membrane proteins, block cell signaling, and induce tumor-killing through Fc-driven innate immune responses. However, in the past decade, ample evidence has shown that tumor-targeting mAb (TTmAb) eradicates tumor cells via activation of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). In this review, we specifically focus on how TTmAbs induce adaptive anti-tumor immunity and its potential in combination therapy with immune cytokines, checkpoint blockade, radiation, and enzyme-targeted small molecule drugs. Exploring the mechanisms of these preclinical studies and retrospective clinical data will significantly benefit the development of highly efficient and specific TTmAb-oriented anti-tumor remedies.
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112
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, Soliman AM. Dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducers: New benzo[g]quinazoline derivatives bearing benzenesulfonamide as anticancer and radiosensitizers. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:611-620. [PMID: 30041137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dual targeting of EGFR and HER2 is a proven anticancer strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. An array of new N-substituted-2-(4-oxo-3-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]quinazolin-2-ylthio) acetamides 5-18 were designed and synthesized from the starting compound 4-(2-mercapto-4-oxobenzo[g]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl) benzenesulfonamide 4. The targeted compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. The IC50 of all the compounds were in the range of 0.36-40.90 µM. The percentage inhibition towards EGFR was measured and found to be in the range of 63.00-16.90 %. The most potent compounds 5, 9, 15, 17 and 18 were further screened for their activity against both EGFR and HER2 receptors. The compounds showed IC50 in the range of 0.64-1.81 µM for EGFR and 1.13-2.21 µM for HER2, in comparison to erlotinib, the reference drug. Compound 17, the most potent towards EGFR in this series, undergoes cell cycle analysis and was found to arrest the cycle at the G2/M phase. Measurement of the cytotoxicity of compound 17 against normal breast cell line showed mild cytotoxic activity. The most potent compounds were subjected to a single dose of 8 Gy of γ-radiation and the cytotoxicity of the tested compounds was found to increase after irradiation, thus proving the synergistic effect of γ-irradiation. Molecular docking was adopted for all the synthesized compounds to confirm their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 113701, Egypt.
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 113701, Egypt
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113
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Wang M, Hu Y, Yu T, Ma X, Wei X, Wei Y. Pan-HER-targeted approach for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, recent advances and clinical prospect. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:113-130. [PMID: 30218688 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor family is composed of 4 structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in many human cancers. The efficacy and safety of HER inhibitors have been compared in a wide range of clinical trials, suggesting the superior inhibitory ability of multiple- HER-targeting blockade compared with single receptor antagonists. However, many patients are currently resistant to current therapeutic treatment and novel strategies are warranted to conquer the resistance. Thus, we performed a critical review to summarize the molecular involvement of HER family receptors in tumour progression, recent anti-HER drug development based on clinical trials, and the potential resistance mechanisms of anti-HER therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ting Yu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
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Sokolova EA, Vodeneev VA, Deyev SM, Balalaeva IV. 3D in vitro models of tumors expressing EGFR family receptors: a potent tool for studying receptor biology and targeted drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:99-111. [PMID: 30205170 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carcinomas overexpressing EGFR family receptors are of high clinical importance, because the receptors have prognostic value and are used as molecular targets for anticancer therapy. Insufficient drug efficacy necessitates further in-depth research of the receptor biology and improvement in preclinical stages of drug evaluation. Here, we review the currently used advanced 3D in vitro models of tumors, including tumor spheroids, models in natural and synthetic matrices, tumor organoids and microfluidic-based models, as a potent tool for studying EGFR biology and targeted drug development. We are especially focused on factors that affect the biology of tumor cells, causing modification in the expression and basic phosphorylation of the receptors, crosstalk with other signaling pathways and switch between downstream cascades, resulting ultimately in the resistance to antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Sokolova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vodeneev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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115
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Pallerla S, Naik H, Singh S, Gauthier T, Sable R, Jois SD. Design of cyclic and d-amino acids containing peptidomimetics for inhibition of protein-protein interactions of HER2-HER3. J Pept Sci 2018; 24. [PMID: 29436155 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
HER2 receptors are surface proteins belonging to the epidermal growth factor family of receptors. Their numbers are elevated in breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. HER2-positive cancers are aggressive, have higher mortality rate, and have a poor prognosis. We have designed peptidomimetics that bind to HER2 and block the HER2-mediated dimerization of epidermal growth factor family of receptors. Among these, a symmetrical cyclic peptidomimetic (compound 18) exhibited antiproliferative activity in HER2-overexpressing lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the nanomolar concentration range. To improve the stability of the peptidomimetic, d-amino acids were introduced into the peptidomimetic, and several analogs of compound 18 were designed. Among the analogs of compound 18, compound 32, a cyclic, d-amino acid-containing peptidomimetic, was found to have an IC50 value in the nanomolar range in HER2-overexpressing cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of compound 32 was also measured by using a 3D cell culture model that mimics the in vivo conditions. The binding of compound 32 to the HER2 protein was studied by surface plasmon resonance. In vitro stability studies indicated that compound 32 was stable in serum for 48 hours and intact peptide was detectable in vivo for 12 hours. Results from our studies indicated that 1 of the d-amino acid analogs of 18, compound 32, binds to the HER2 extracellular domain, inhibiting the phosphorylation of kinase of HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Pallerla
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
| | - Himgauri Naik
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
| | - Sitanshu Singh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
| | - Ted Gauthier
- Biotechnology Laboratory, LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rushikesh Sable
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
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Reijers JAA, Dane MJC, van Zonneveld AJ, Burggraaf J, Moerland M. Potential Influence of Endothelial Adsorption on the Delayed Time to Maximum Concentration of Biopharmaceuticals. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:103-113. [PMID: 28795390 PMCID: PMC5794845 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Maximum plasma concentration of biopharmaceuticals sometimes occurs long after completion of intravenous infusion. The objective of this research was to study the hypothetical adsorption of biopharmaceuticals to endothelium and infusion material, which may theoretically explain this phenomenon. Methods Infusion procedures were mimicked in an artificial vessel covered with a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and C1 inhibitor were studied. Results Adsorption of MAbs to endothelium was observed followed by release when the vessel was subsequently perfused with buffer. Adsorption to infusion material also occurred to various degrees and in a seemingly random fashion, with a loss of up to 15% during a single flush of the line, but release from the line was not seen. Conclusions Our results indicate that adsorption of biopharmaceuticals to endothelium can occur. This observation can explain the increase in plasma concentration after completion of intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannes A A Reijers
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn J C Dane
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL, Leiden, The Netherlands
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117
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Mitchell RA, Luwor RB, Burgess AW. Epidermal growth factor receptor: Structure-function informing the design of anticancer therapeutics. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:1-19. [PMID: 30098332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and the family of receptors (EGFR) has progressed rapidly in recent times. New crystal structures of the ectodomains with different ligands, the activation of the kinase domain through oligomerisation and the use of fluorescence techniques have revealed profound conformational changes on ligand binding. The control of cell signaling from the EGFR-family is complex, with heterodimerisation, ligand affinity and signaling cross-talk influencing cellular outcomes. Analysis of tissue homeostasis indicates that the control of pro-ligand processing is likely to be as important as receptor activation events. Several members of the EGFR-family are overexpressed and/or mutated in cancer cells. The perturbation of EGFR-family signaling drives the malignant phenotype of many cancers and both inhibitors and antagonists of signaling from these receptors have already produced therapeutic benefits for patients. The design of affibodies, antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and even immunotherapeutic drugs targeting the EGFR-family has yielded promising new approaches to improving outcomes for cancer patients. In this review, we describe recent discoveries which have increased our understanding of the structure and dynamics of signaling from the EGFR-family, the roles of ligand processing and receptor cross-talk. We discuss the relevance of these studies to the development of strategies for designing more effective targeted treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Mitchell
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Agustoni F, Suda K, Yu H, Ren S, Rivard CJ, Ellison K, Caldwell C, Rozeboom L, Brovsky K, Hirsch FR. EGFR-directed monoclonal antibodies in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: an updated review of clinical trials and new perspectives in biomarkers analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 72:15-27. [PMID: 30445271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer still represents one of the most common and fatal neoplasm, accounting for nearly 30% of all cancer-related deaths. Targeted therapies based on molecular tumor features and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) blockade immunotherapy have offered new therapeutic options for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-pathway promotes tumor growth and progression, including angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and inhibition of apoptosis, providing a strong rationale for targeting this pathway. EGFR expression is detected in up to 85% of NSCLC and has been demonstrated to be associated with poor prognosis. Two approaches for blocking EGFR signaling are available: prevention of ligand binding to the extracellular domain with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and inhibition of the intracellular tyrosine kinase activity with small molecules. There is a strong rationale to consider the tumor's level of EGFR expression as one of the most significant predictive biomarkers in this setting. In this paper we provide an update focusing on the current status of EGFR-directed mAbs use for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC, through a review of all clinical trials involving anti-EGFR mAbs in combination with chemotherapy (CT) for advanced disease and with chemo-radiotherapy for stage III disease. Here we also discuss the current status of predictive biomarkers for anti-EGFR mAbs when added to first-line CT in patients with advanced NSCLC. Finally, we focused on the relevance of EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)+ and immunohistochemistry (IHC)-Score ≥ 200 as predictive biomarkers for the selection of patients who would be most likely to derive a clinical benefit from treatment with CT in combination with anti-EGFR mAbs, with particular reference also to histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agustoni
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hui Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christopher J Rivard
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kim Ellison
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Charles Caldwell
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leslie Rozeboom
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kristine Brovsky
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Nguyen DQ, Hoang DH, Nguyen Vo TT, Huynh V, Ghoda L, Marcucci G, Nguyen LXT. The role of ErbB3 binding protein 1 in cancer: Friend or foe? J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9110-9120. [PMID: 30076717 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ErbB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, reportedly plays an essential role in the regulation of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Numerous studies have indicated that ErbB3 binding protein 1 (Ebp1), a binding partner for ErbB3, plays an important regulatory role in the expression and function of ErbB3, but there is no agreement as to whether Ebp1 also has an ErbB3-independent function in cancer and how it might contribute to tumorigenesis. In this review, we will discuss the different functions of the two Ebp1 isoforms, p48 and p42, that may be responsible for the potentially dual role of Ebp1 in cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Quan Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Hoa Hoang
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematology Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Thanh Thao Nguyen Vo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Huynh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematology Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematology Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematology Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
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Niazi S, Purohit M, Sonawani A, Niazi JH. Revealing the molecular interactions of aptamers that specifically bind to the extracellular domain of HER2 cancer biomarker protein: An in silico assessment. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 83:112-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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121
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Understanding the biology of HER3 receptor as a therapeutic target in human cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:503-510. [PMID: 30109175 PMCID: PMC6090011 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HER3 belongs to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family which also includes HER1/EGFR/erbB1, HER2/erbB2, and HER4/erbB4. As a unique member of the HER family, HER3 lacks or has little intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. It frequently co-expresses and forms heterodimers with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in cancer cells to activate oncogenic signaling, especially the PI-3K/Akt pathway and Src kinase. Elevated expression of HER3 has been observed in a wide variety of human cancers and associates with a worse survival in cancer patients with solid tumors. Studies on the underlying mechanism implicate HER3 expression as a major cause of treatment failure in cancer therapy. Activation of HER3 signaling has also been shown to promote cancer metastasis. These data strongly support the notion that therapeutic inactivation of HER3 and/or its downstream signaling is required to overcome treatment resistance and improve the outcomes of cancer patients.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- Ab, antibody
- Cell signaling
- Dimerization
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- HER, Human epidermal growth factor receptor
- HER3
- HRG, heregulin
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MEK, MAPK kinase
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OS, overall survival
- PI-3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- Targeted therapy
- Therapeutic resistance
- Tumor metastasis
- lncRNA, long ncRNA
- miRNA, microRNA
- ncRNA, noncoding RNA
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Guan SS, Wu CT, Chiu CY, Luo TY, Wu JY, Liao TZ, Liu SH. Polyethylene glycol-conjugated HER2-targeted peptides as a nuclear imaging probe for HER2-overexpressed gastric cancer detection in vivo. J Transl Med 2018; 16:168. [PMID: 29921305 PMCID: PMC6009821 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) involved proliferation, angiogenesis, and reduced apoptosis in gastric cancer (GC), which is a common target for tumor therapy. HER2 is usually overexpressed in more than 15% GC patients, developing a reliable diagnostic tool for tumor HER2 detection is important. In this study, we attend to use polyethylene glycol (PEG) linked anti-HER2/neu peptide (AHNP-PEG) as a nuclear imaging agent probe for HER2 detection in GC xenograft animal model. METHODS The HER2 expression of human sera and tissues were detected in GC patients and normal subjects. GC cell lines NCI-N87 (high HER2 levels) and MKN45 (low HER2 levels) were treated with AHNP-PEG to assess the cell viability and HER2 binding ability. The NCI-N87 was treated with AHNP-PEG to observe the level and phosphorylation of HER2. The MKN45 and NCI-N87-induced xenograft mice were intravenous injection with fluorescence labeled AHNP-PEG for detecting in vivo fluorescence imaging properties and biodistribution. The AHNP-PEG was conjugated with diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (DTPA) for indium-111 labeling (111In-DTPA-AHNP-PEG). The stability of was assessed in vitro. The imaging properties and biodistribution of 111In-DTPA-AHNP-PEG were observed in NCI-N87-induced xenograft mice. RESULTS The serum HER2 (sHER2) levels in GC patients were significantly higher than the normal subjects. The sHER2 levels were correlated with the tumor HER2 levels in different stages of GC patients. The AHNP-PEG inhibited the cell growth and down-regulated HER2 phosphorylation in HER2-overexpressed human GC cells (NCI-N87) via specific HER2 interaction of cell surface. In addition, the GC tumor tissues from HER2-postive xenograft mice presented higher HER2 fluorescence imaging as compared to HER2-negative group. The HER2 levels in the tumor tissues were also higher than other organs in NCI-N87-induced xenograft mice. Finally, we further observed that the 111In-DTPA-AHNP-PEG was significantly enhanced in tumor tissues of NCI-N87-induced xenograft mice compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the sHER2 measurement may be as a potential tool for detecting HER2 expressions in GC patients. The radioisotope-labeled AHNP-PEG may be useful to apply in GC patients for HER2 nuclear medicine imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yueh Luo
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Yih Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Zung Liao
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Expression of truncated HER2 and its prognostic value in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2018; 30:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Toyama K, Nomura W, Kobayakawa T, Tamamura H. Delivery of a Proapoptotic Peptide to EGFR-Positive Cancer Cells by a Cyclic Peptide Mimicking the Dimerization Arm Structure of EGFR. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2050-2057. [PMID: 29763296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic decapeptide, CQTPYYMNTC (1), which mimics the dimerization arm of the EGF receptor (EGFR), was previously found to be captured into cells. We have sought to investigate the promising potential of this peptide as an intracellular delivery vehicle directed to EGFR-positive cells. The selectivity of peptide 1 to the EGFR was confirmed by a positive correlation between the expression level of the receptor and the cellular uptake of peptide 1 as shown by siRNA knockdown of the EGFR. The proapoptotic domain (PAD) peptide ([KLAKLAK]2) has limited use due to a deficiency of cell membrane permeability resulting from cationic sequences and lack of specificity for cancer cells. As a proof-of-concept study, the cellular delivery of the PAD peptide was challenged by conjugation with peptide 1. The cellular uptake of a conjugated peptide 2, which was composed of peptide 1, the PAD peptide, and a linker cleavable with a protease, was evaluated by treatment of an EGFR-positive lung carcinoma cell line, A549. Significant suppression of proliferation by peptide 2 was shown in the results of a cell viability assay. The PAD peptide alone had no effect on the cells. The results suggest that peptide 1 is a promising lead compound as a new intracellular delivery vehicle for therapeutically effective peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Toyama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai , Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062 , Japan
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Shramova EI, Proshkina GM, Deyev SM. The Cause of ErbB2 Receptor Resistance to Downregulation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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126
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Sturm N, Tinivella A, Rastelli G. Exploration and Comparison of the Geometrical and Physicochemical Properties of an αC Allosteric Pocket in the Structural Kinome. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1094-1103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noé Sturm
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Annachiara Tinivella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Zhou L, Li X, Zhou F, Jin Z, Chen D, Wang P, Zhang S, Zhuge Y, Shang Y, Zou X. Downregulation of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 by microRNA-20a modulates gastric cancer multidrug resistance. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1044-1054. [PMID: 29450946 PMCID: PMC5891193 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) significantly restricts the clinical efficacy of gastric cancer (GC) chemotherapy, and it is critical to search novel targets to predict and overcome MDR. Leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin‐like domains 1 (LRIG1) has been proved to be correlated with drug resistance in several cancers. The present study revealed that LRIG1 was overexpressed in chemosensitive GC tissues and decreased expression of LRIG1 predicted poor survival in GC patients. We observed that upregulation of LRIG1 enhanced chemosensitivity in GC cells. Interestingly, miR‐20a, which was overexpressed in GC MDR cell lines and tissues, was identified to regulate LRIG1 expression by directly targeting its 3′ untranslated region. We also found that inhibition of miR‐20a suppressed GC MDR, and upregulation showed opposite effects. Moreover, we demonstrated that the miR‐20a/LRIG1 axis regulated GC cell MDR through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mediated PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Finally, LRIG1 expression in human GC tissues is inversely correlated with miR‐20a and EGFR. Taken together, the newly identified miR‐20a/LRIG1/EGFR link provides insight into the MDR process of GC, and targeting this axis represents a novel potential therapeutic strategy to block GC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi'an Jin
- The Second Outpatient Department of Chengdu Army Region Authority, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China
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128
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ERBB2 mutations associated with solid variant of high-grade invasive lobular breast carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73337-73346. [PMID: 27602491 PMCID: PMC5341983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 and ERBB3 somatic gain-of-function mutations, which may be targeted by anti-ERBB2 therapies, were reported by high-throughput sequencing studies in 1% and 2% of invasive breast cancers respectively. Our study aims to determine ERBB2 and ERBB3 mutations frequencies in grade 3 and/or ERBB2-positive invasive lobular breast carcinomas (ILC). All the 529 ILC surgically-excised registered at Institut Curie in the years 2005 to 2008 were reviewed. Thirty-nine grade 3 ERBB2-negative ILC and 16 ERBB2-positive ILC were retrieved and subjected to Sanger sequencing of the ERBB2 and ERBB3 activation mutation hotspots (ERBB2: exons 8, 17, 19, 20, 21; ERBB3: exons 3, 6, 7, 8). Among the 39 grade 3 ERBB2-negative ILC, six tumors were found to have at least one detectable ERBB2 activating mutation (incidence rate: 15%, 95%CI [4%-27%]). No ERBB2 mutation was found among the 16 ERBB2-positive ILC. No ERBB3 mutation was found in any of the 55 ILC. ERBB2 mutations were statistically associated with solid ILC features (p=0.01). Survival analyses showed no significant prognostic impact of ERBB2 mutations. Our study demonstrates that high grade ERBB2-negative ILC display a high frequency of ERBB2 mutations, and should be subjected to systematic genetic screening.
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129
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Ahmadi M, Sadri-Ardalani F, Amiri MM, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shabani M, Shokri F. Immunization with HER2 extracellular subdomain proteins induces cellular response and tumor growth inhibition in mice. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:511-524. [PMID: 29562854 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated cellular and protective immune responses in mice vaccinated with recombinant HER2 extracellular subdomains. MATERIALS & METHODS Balb/C mice were immunized with recombinant full HER2 extracellular domain and subdomain proteins. Humoral and cellular immune response and antitumor effect was evaluated using a syngeneic mice tumor model. RESULTS All recombinant proteins induced secretion of IL-4 and particularly IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokines. Challenging of immunized mice with stable 4T1-HER2 transfected cells resulted in partial but significant tumor growth inhibition in all groups of mice particularly those immunized with fHER2-ECD together with CPG. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the recombinant HER2-ECD subdomains induce mainly Th1 and Th17 responses, which seem to contribute to tumor growth inhibition in syngeneic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadri-Ardalani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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130
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Scapin G, Dandey VP, Zhang Z, Prosise W, Hruza A, Kelly T, Mayhood T, Strickland C, Potter CS, Carragher B. Structure of the insulin receptor-insulin complex by single-particle cryo-EM analysis. Nature 2018; 556:122-125. [PMID: 29512653 PMCID: PMC5886813 DOI: 10.1038/nature26153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is a dimeric protein that plays a crucial role in controlling glucose homeostasis, regulating lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and modulating brain neurotransmitter levels1,2. IR dysfunctions have been associated with many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer’s1,3,4. The primary sequence has been known since the 1980s5, and is composed of an extracellular portion (ectodomain, ECD), a single transmembrane helix and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Insulin binding to the dimeric ECD triggers kinase domain auto-phosphorylation and subsequent activation of downstream signaling molecules. Biochemical and mutagenesis data have identified two putative insulin binding sites (S1 and S2)6. While insulin bound to an ECD fragment containing S1 and the apo ectodomain have been characterized structurally7,8, details of insulin binding to the full receptor and the signal propagation mechanism are still not understood. Here we report single particle cryoEM reconstructions for the 1:2 (4.3 Å) and 1:1 (7.4 Å) IR ECD dimer:Insulin complexes. The symmetric 4.3 Å structure shows two insulin molecules per dimer, each bound between the Leucine-rich sub domain L1 of one monomer and the first fibronectin-like domain (FnIII-1) of the other monomer, and making extensive interactions with the α subunit C-terminal helix (α-CT helix). The 7.4 Å structure has only one similarly bound insulin per receptor dimer. The structures confirm the S1 binding interactions and define the full S2 binding site. These insulin receptor states suggest that recruitment of the α-CT helix upon binding of the first insulin changes the relative sub domain orientations and triggers downstream signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Scapin
- Merck & Co., Department of Biochemical Engineering & Structure, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Venkata P Dandey
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Zhening Zhang
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Winifred Prosise
- Merck & Co., Department of Biochemical Engineering & Structure, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Alan Hruza
- Merck & Co., Department of Biochemical Engineering & Structure, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Theresa Kelly
- Merck & Co., Department of Biophysics, NMR & Protein Products Characterization, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Todd Mayhood
- Merck & Co., Department of Biophysics, NMR & Protein Products Characterization, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Corey Strickland
- Merck & Co., Department of Biochemical Engineering & Structure, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, USA
| | - Clinton S Potter
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Bridget Carragher
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA
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131
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Phillips AC, Boghaert ER, Vaidya KS, Falls HD, Mitten MJ, DeVries PJ, Benatuil L, Hsieh CM, Meulbroek JA, Panchal SC, Buchanan FG, Durbin KR, Voorbach MJ, Reuter DR, Mudd SR, Loberg LI, Ralston SL, Cao D, Gan HK, Scott AM, Reilly EB. Characterization of ABBV-221, a Tumor-Selective EGFR-Targeting Antibody Drug Conjugate. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:795-805. [PMID: 29483208 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depatuxizumab mafodotin (depatux-m, ABT-414) is a tumor-selective antibody drug conjugate (ADC) comprised of the anti-EGFR antibody ABT-806 and the monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) warhead. Depatux-m has demonstrated promising clinical activity in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials in first-line and recurrent GBM disease settings. Depatux-m responses have been restricted to patients with amplified EGFR, highlighting the need for therapies with activity against tumors with nonamplified EGFR overexpression. In addition, depatux-m dosing has been limited by corneal side effects common to MMAF conjugates. We hypothesized that a monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) ADC utilizing an EGFR-targeting antibody with increased affinity may have broader utility against tumors with more modest EGFR overexpression while mitigating the risk of corneal side effects. We describe here preclinical characterization of ABBV-221, an EGFR-targeting ADC comprised of an affinity-matured ABT-806 conjugated to MMAE. ABBV-221 binds to a similar EGFR epitope as depatux-m and retains tumor selectivity with increased binding to EGFR-positive tumor cells and greater in vitro potency. ABBV-221 displays increased tumor uptake and antitumor activity against wild-type EGFR-positive xenografts with a greatly reduced incidence of corneal side effects relative to depatux-m. ABBV-221 has similar activity as depatux-m against an EGFR-amplified GBM patient derived xenograft (PDX) model and is highly effective alone and in combination with standard-of-care temozolomide in an EGFRvIII-positive GBM xenograft model. Based on these results, ABBV-221 has advanced to a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors associated with elevated levels of EGFR. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(4); 795-805. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diana Cao
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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132
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Singh SS, Jois SD. Homo- and Heterodimerization of Proteins in Cell Signaling: Inhibition and Drug Design. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 111:1-59. [PMID: 29459028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein dimerization controls many physiological processes in the body. Proteins form homo-, hetero-, or oligomerization in the cellular environment to regulate the cellular processes. Any deregulation of these processes may result in a disease state. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be inhibited by antibodies, small molecules, or peptides, and inhibition of PPI has therapeutic value. PPI drug discovery research has steadily increased in the last decade, and a few PPI inhibitors have already reached the pharmaceutical market. Several PPI inhibitors are in clinical trials. With advancements in structural and molecular biology methods, several methods are now available to study protein homo- and heterodimerization and their inhibition by drug-like molecules. Recently developed methods to study PPI such as proximity ligation assay and enzyme-fragment complementation assay that detect the PPI in the cellular environment are described with examples. At present, the methods used to design PPI inhibitors can be classified into three major groups: (1) structure-based drug design, (2) high-throughput screening, and (3) fragment-based drug design. In this chapter, we have described some of the experimental methods to study PPIs and their inhibition. Examples of homo- and heterodimers of proteins, their structural and functional aspects, and some of the inhibitors that have clinical importance are discussed. The design of PPI inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor heterodimers and CD2-CD58 is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitanshu S Singh
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States.
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133
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Matsuda T, Ito T, Takemoto C, Katsura K, Ikeda M, Wakiyama M, Kukimoto-Niino M, Yokoyama S, Kurosawa Y, Shirouzu M. Cell-free synthesis of functional antibody fragments to provide a structural basis for antibody-antigen interaction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193158. [PMID: 29462206 PMCID: PMC5819829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing numbers of therapeutic antibodies offer excellent treatment strategies for many diseases. Elucidation of the interaction between a potential therapeutic antibody and its target protein by structural analysis reveals the mechanism of action and offers useful information for developing rational antibody designs for improved affinity. Here, we developed a rapid, high-yield cell-free system using dialysis mode to synthesize antibody fragments for the structural analysis of antibody–antigen complexes. Optimal synthesis conditions of fragments (Fv and Fab) of the anti-EGFR antibody 059–152 were rapidly determined in a day by using a 30-μl-scale unit. The concentration of supplemented disulfide isomerase, DsbC, was critical to obtaining soluble antibody fragments. The optimal conditions were directly applicable to a 9-ml-scale reaction, with linear scalable yields of more than 1 mg/ml. Analyses of purified 059-152-Fv and Fab showed that the cell-free synthesized antibody fragments were disulfide-bridged, with antigen binding activity comparable to that of clinical antibodies. Examination of the crystal structure of cell-free synthesized 059-152-Fv in complex with the extracellular domain of human EGFR revealed that the epitope of 059-152-Fv broadly covers the EGF binding surface on domain III, including residues that formed critical hydrogen bonds with EGF (Asp355EGFR, Gln384EGFR, H409EGFR, and Lys465EGFR), so that the antibody inhibited EGFR activation. We further demonstrated the application of the cell-free system to site-specific integration of non-natural amino acids for antibody engineering, which would expand the availability of therapeutic antibodies based on structural information and rational design. This cell-free system could be an ideal antibody-fragment production platform for functional and structural analysis of potential therapeutic antibodies and for engineered antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Matsuda
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Ito
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chie Takemoto
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazushige Katsura
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko Ikeda
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motoaki Wakiyama
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kurosawa
- Innovation Center for Advanced Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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134
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Butti R, Das S, Gunasekaran VP, Yadav AS, Kumar D, Kundu GC. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in breast cancer: signaling, therapeutic implications and challenges. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:34. [PMID: 29455658 PMCID: PMC5817867 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and driven by aberrant regulation of cell signaling pathways due to the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes. An array of growth factors and their receptors is involved in cancer development and metastasis. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) constitute a class of receptors that play important role in cancer progression. RTKs are cell surface receptors with specialized structural and biological features which respond to environmental cues by initiating appropriate signaling cascades in tumor cells. RTKs are known to regulate various downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT. These pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer stemness, angiogenesis and metastasis. These pathways are also imperative for a reciprocal interaction of tumor and stromal cells. Multi-faceted role of RTKs renders them amenable to therapy in breast cancer. However, structural mutations, gene amplification and alternate pathway activation pose challenges to anti-RTK therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Butti
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sumit Das
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vinoth Prasanna Gunasekaran
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India.
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135
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play an important role in a variety of cellular processes including growth, motility, differentiation, and metabolism. As such, dysregulation of RTK signaling leads to an assortment of human diseases, most notably, cancers. Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed the presence of various alterations in the genes encoding RTKs such as EGFR, HER2/ErbB2, and MET, amongst many others. Abnormal RTK activation in human cancers is mediated by four principal mechanisms: gain-of-function mutations, genomic amplification, chromosomal rearrangements, and / or autocrine activation. In this manuscript, we review the processes whereby RTKs are activated under normal physiological conditions and discuss several mechanisms whereby RTKs can be aberrantly activated in human cancers. Understanding of these mechanisms has important implications for selection of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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136
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Williams TM, Sable R, Singh S, Vicente MGH, Jois S. Peptide ligands for targeting the extracellular domain of EGFR: Comparison between linear and cyclic peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:605-619. [PMID: 29052959 PMCID: PMC5775921 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common solid internal malignancy among cancers. Early detection of cancer is key to increasing the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. Overexpression of the EGFR protein is associated with CRC. We have designed a series of peptides that are highly specific for the extracellular domain of EGFR, based on our earlier studies on linear peptides. The previously reported linear peptide LARLLT, known to bind to EGFR, was modified with the goals of increasing its stability and its specificity toward EGFR. Peptide modifications, including D-amino acid substitution, cyclization, and chain reversal, were investigated. In addition, to facilitate labeling of the peptide with a fluorescent dye, an additional lysine residue was introduced onto the linear (KLARLLT) and cyclic peptides cyclo(KLARLLT) (Cyclo.L1). The lysine residue was also converted into an azide group in both a linear and reversed cyclic peptide sequences cyclo(K(N3)larllt) (Cyclo.L1.1) to allow for subsequent "click" conjugation. The cyclic peptides showed enhanced binding to EGFR by SPR. NMR and molecular modeling studies suggest that the peptides acquire a β-turn structure in solution. In vitro stability studies in human serum show that the cyclic peptide is more stable than the linear peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrslai M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803, USA
| | - Rushikesh Sable
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - Sitanshu Singh
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803, USA
| | - Seetharama Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
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137
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Alsaid MS, Al-Mishari AA, Soliman AM, Ragab FA, Ghorab MM. Discovery of Benzo[g]quinazolin benzenesulfonamide derivatives as dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:84-91. [PMID: 29028534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An array of some new N-(substituted)-2-((4-oxo-3-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]quinazolin-2-yl)thio)acetamide 5-19 were synthesized from the starting compound 4-(2-mercapto-4-oxobenzo[g]quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)benzenesulfonamide 4, to be assessed for their cytotoxic activity against A549 lung cancer cell line and to determine their inhibitory effect on EGFR tyrosine kinase enzyme. Compounds 5-19 showed high activity towards A549 cell line with IC50 values of 0.12-8.70 μM. Compounds 6, 12 and 18 were the most potent in this series. These compounds were further screened as dual inhibitors for EGFR/HER2 enzymes in comparison with erlotinib and were found to possess very potent activity. Compound 12 showed the highest activity with IC50 values of 0.06 μM and 0.30 μM towards EGFR and HER2, respectively. Accordingly, the apoptotic effect of the most potent compounds 6, 12 and 18 was investigated and showed a marked increase in the level of caspases-3 by 6, 9 and 8 folds, respectively, compared to the control cells. Moreover, Molecular modeling was performed inside the active site of EGFR, keeping in mind their binding possibilities, bond lengths, angles and energy scores. It was found that the most active compounds demonstrated the best binding scores in the active site of EGFR, which may clarify their high inhibition profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Mishari
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 113701, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 113701, Egypt.
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138
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Bakker J, Spits M, Neefjes J, Berlin I. The EGFR odyssey - from activation to destruction in space and time. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:4087-4096. [PMID: 29180516 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When cell surface receptors engage their cognate ligands in the extracellular space, they become competent to transmit potent signals to the inside of the cell, thereby instigating growth, differentiation, motility and many other processes. In order to control these signals, activated receptors are endocytosed and thoroughly curated by the endosomal network of intracellular vesicles and proteolytic organelles. In this Review, we follow the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) from ligand engagement, through its voyage on endosomes and, ultimately, to its destruction in the lysosome. We focus on the spatial and temporal considerations underlying the molecular decisions that govern this complex journey and discuss how additional cellular organelles - particularly the ER - play active roles in the regulation of receptor lifespan. In summarizing the functions of relevant molecules on the endosomes and the ER, we cover the order of molecular events in receptor activation, trafficking and downregulation, and provide an overview of how signaling is controlled at the interface between these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bakker
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 22, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Spits
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 22, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 22, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilana Berlin
- Department of Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Einthovenweg 22, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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139
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Ma X, Lv X, Zhang J. Exploiting polypharmacology for improving therapeutic outcome of kinase inhibitors (KIs): An update of recent medicinal chemistry efforts. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:449-463. [PMID: 29202407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polypharmacology has been increasingly advocated for the therapeutic intervention in complex pathological conditions, exemplified by cancer. Although kinase inhibitors (KIs) have revolutionized the treatment for certain types of malignancies, some major medical needs remain unmet due to the relentless advance of drug resistance and insufficient efficacy of mono-target KIs. Hence, "multiple targets, multi-dimensional activities" represents an emerging paradigm for innovative anti-cancer drug discovery. Over recent years, considerable leaps have been made in pursuit of kinase-centric polypharmacological anti-cancer therapeutics, providing avenues to tackling the limitation of mono-target KIs. In the review, we summarize the clinically important mechanisms inducing KI resistance and depict a landscape of recent medicinal chemistry efforts on exploring kinase-centric polypharmacological anti-cancer agents that targeting multiple cancer-related processes. In parallel, some inevitable challenges are emphasized for the sake of more accurate and efficient drug discovery in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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140
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Yamaoka T, Ohba M, Ohmori T. Molecular-Targeted Therapies for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Resistance Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112420. [PMID: 29140271 PMCID: PMC5713388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as small-molecule kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, have been developed as standard therapies for several cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Although these therapies can significantly prolong progression-free survival, curative effects are not often achieved because of intrinsic and/or acquired resistance. The resistance mechanisms to EGFR-targeted therapies can be categorized as resistant gene mutations, activation of alternative pathways, phenotypic transformation, and resistance to apoptotic cell death. Analysis of the processes that modulate EGFR signal transduction by EGFR-targeted inhibitors, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, has revealed new therapeutic opportunities and has elucidated novel mechanisms contributing to the discovery of more effective anticancer treatments. In this review, we discuss the roles of EGFR in cancer development, therapeutic strategies for targeting EGFR, and resistance mechanisms to EGFR-targeted therapies, with a focus on cancer therapies for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Yamaoka
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Motoi Ohba
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Tohru Ohmori
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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141
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Kim YH, Bhatt L, Ahn HJ, Yang Z, Lee WK, Nam HW. Suppressors for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/4 (HER2/4): A New Family of Anti-Toxoplasmic Agents in ARPE-19 Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2017; 55:491-503. [PMID: 29103264 PMCID: PMC5678465 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were evaluated on growth inhibition of intracellular Toxoplasma gondii in host ARPE-19 cells. The number of tachyzoites per parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) was counted after treatment with TKIs. T. gondii protein expression was assessed by western blot. Immunofluorescence assay was performed using Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) and T. gondii GRA3 antibodies. The TKIs were divided into 3 groups; non-epidermal growth factor receptor (non-EGFR), anti-human EGFR 2 (anti-HER2), and anti-HER2/4 TKIs, respectively. Group I TKIs (nintedanib, AZD9291, and sunitinib) were unable to inhibit proliferation without destroying host cells. Group II TKIs (lapatinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, and AG1478) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to control pyrimethamine (5 μM) at 20 μM and higher, without affecting host cells. Group III TKIs (neratinib, dacomitinib, afatinib, and pelitinib) inhibited proliferation up to 98% equivalent to pyrimethamine at 1–5 μM, but host cells were destroyed at 10–20 μM. In Group I, TgHSP90 and SAG1 inhibitions were weak, and GRA3 expression was moderately inhibited. In Group II, TgHSP90 and SAG1 expressions seemed to be slightly enhanced, while GRA3 showed none to mild inhibition; however, AG1478 inhibited all proteins moderately. Protein expression was blocked in Group III, comparable to pyrimethamine. PDCD4 and GRA3 were well localized inside the nuclei in Group I, mildly disrupted in Group II, and were completely disrupted in Group III. This study suggests the possibility of a vital T. gondii TK having potential HER2/4 properties, thus anti-HER2/4 TKIs may inhibit intracellular parasite proliferation with minimal adverse effects on host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Lokraj Bhatt
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Zhaoshou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Lee
- Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Ho-Woo Nam
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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142
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Orive-Ramos A, Seoane S, Ocaña A, Pandiella A, Montero JC. Regulation of the prometastatic neuregulin-MMP13 axis by SRC family kinases: therapeutic implications. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1788-1805. [PMID: 29032615 PMCID: PMC5709617 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of tumor cells is responsible for the fatal outcome of breast cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in dissemination is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent metastasis. One mechanism involved in metastatic dissemination of breast cancer cells is dependent on control of the production of matrix metalloproteinases by the neuregulins (NRGs). The NRGs are polypeptide factors that act by binding to the ErbB/HER subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. NRG‐mediated activation of HER receptors causes an increase in the production of metalloprotease 13 (MMP13, also termed collagenase‐3), which facilitates metastatic dissemination of breast tumors. In this context, we aimed to explore whether the clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib was able to neutralize this mechanism of metastatic dissemination. Here, we show that dasatinib restricted NRG‐induced MMP13 upregulation, both in vitro and in vivo, and in vivo metastatic dissemination of breast cancer cells. Chemical proteomics studies showed that the main cellular targets of dasatinib were SRC family kinases (SFKs). Moreover, genetic studies showed that knockdown of SRC or YES strongly inhibited NRG‐induced MMP13 upregulation in vitro. Mechanistically, dasatinib treatment or knockdown of SRC also inhibited ERK1/2 kinases in vitro, which were required for NRG‐induced MMP13 upregulation. These results open the possibility of clinically exploring the antitumoral action of dasatinib in those tumors in which the NRG–MMP13 signaling axis may play a relevant role in the control of tumor cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Orive-Ramos
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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143
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Gastric Cancer Cell Glycosylation as a Modulator of the ErbB2 Oncogenic Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112262. [PMID: 29143776 PMCID: PMC5713232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression and hyperactivation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) constitute crucial molecular events underpinning gastric neoplastic transformation. Despite ErbB2 extracellular domain being a well-known target for glycosylation, its glycosylation profile and the molecular mechanisms through which it actively tunes tumorigenesis in gastric cancer (GC) cells remain elusive. We aimed at disclosing relevant ErbB2 glycan signatures and their functional impact on receptor's biology in GC cells. The transcriptomic profile of cancer-relevant glycosylation enzymes, and the expression and activation of the ErbB receptors were characterized in four GC cell lines. Cellular- and receptor-specific glycan profiling of ErbB2-overexpressing NCI-N87 cells unveiled a heterogeneous glycosylation pattern harboring the tumor-associated sialyl Lewis a (SLea) antigen. The expression of SLea and key enzymes integrating its biosynthetic pathway were strongly upregulated in this GC cell line. An association between the expression of ERBB2 and FUT3, a central gene in SLea biosynthesis, was disclosed in GC patients, further highlighting the crosstalk between ErbB2 and SLea expression. Moreover, cellular deglycosylation and CA 19.9 antibody-mediated blocking of SLea drastically altered ErbB2 expression and activation in NCI-N87 cells. Altogether, NCI-N87 cell line constitutes an appealing in vitro model to address glycan-mediated regulation of ErbB2 in GC.
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144
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Targeting cellular pathways in glioblastoma multiforme. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17040. [PMID: 29263927 PMCID: PMC5661637 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a debilitating disease that is associated with poor prognosis, short median patient survival and a very limited response to therapies. GBM has a very complex pathogenesis that involves mutations and alterations of several key cellular pathways that are involved in cell proliferation, survival, migration and angiogenesis. Therefore, efforts that are directed toward better understanding of GBM pathogenesis are essential to the development of efficient therapies that provide hope and extent patient survival. In this review, we outline the alterations commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis and summarize therapeutic strategies that are aimed at targeting aberrant cellular pathways in GBM.
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145
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Hasegawa Y, Takahashi M, Ariki S, Saito A, Uehara Y, Takamiya R, Kuronuma K, Chiba H, Sakuma Y, Takahashi H, Kuroki Y. Surfactant protein A down-regulates epidermal growth factor receptor by mechanisms different from those of surfactant protein D. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18565-18576. [PMID: 28972165 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the lectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by interfering with ligand binding to EGFR through an interaction between the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D and N-glycans of EGFR. Here, we report that surfactant protein A (SP-A) also suppresses EGF signaling in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and in CHOK1 cells stably expressing human EGFR and that SP-A inhibits the proliferation and motility of the A549 cells. Results with 125I-EGF indicated that SP-A interferes with EGF binding to EGFR, and a ligand blot analysis suggested that SP-A binds EGFR in A549 cells. We also found that SP-A directly binds the recombinant extracellular domain of EGFR (soluble EGFR or sEGFR), and this binding, unlike that of SP-D, was not blocked by EDTA, excess mannose, or peptide:N-glycosidase F treatment. We prepared a collagenase-resistant fragment (CRF) of SP-A, consisting of CRD plus the neck domain of SP-A, and observed that CRF directly binds sEGFR but does not suppress EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR in or proliferation of A549 cells. These results indicated that SP-A binds EGFR and down-regulates EGF signaling by inhibiting ligand binding to EGFR as well as SP-D. However, unlike for SP-D, SP-A lectin activity and EGFR N-glycans were not involved in the interaction between SP-A and EGFR. Furthermore, our results suggested that oligomerization of SP-A is necessary to suppress the effects of SP-A on EGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hasegawa
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, .,Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, and
| | | | | | - Atsushi Saito
- From the Departments of Biochemistry.,Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, and
| | - Yasuaki Uehara
- From the Departments of Biochemistry.,Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, and
| | | | | | | | - Yuji Sakuma
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060 8556, Japan
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146
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Changeux JP, Christopoulos A. Allosteric modulation as a unifying mechanism for receptor function and regulation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19 Suppl 1:4-21. [PMID: 28880476 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Four major receptor families enable cells to respond to chemical and physical signals from their proximal environment. The ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, nuclear hormone receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases are all allosteric proteins that carry multiple, spatially distinct, yet conformationally linked ligand-binding sites. Recent studies point to common mechanisms governing the allosteric transitions of these receptors, including the impact of oligomerization, pre-existing and functionally distinct conformational ensembles, intrinsically disordered regions, and the occurrence of allosteric modulatory sites. Importantly, synthetic allosteric modulators are being discovered for these receptors, providing an enriched, yet challenging, landscape for novel therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Allosteric Site/drug effects
- Animals
- Binding Sites/drug effects
- Dimerization
- Drug Discovery/trends
- Drugs, Investigational/chemistry
- Drugs, Investigational/pharmacology
- Humans
- Ligand-Gated Ion Channels/agonists
- Ligand-Gated Ion Channels/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ligand-Gated Ion Channels/chemistry
- Ligand-Gated Ion Channels/metabolism
- Ligands
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Conformation/drug effects
- Protein Multimerization/drug effects
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/agonists
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels/chemistry
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC 3052 Parkville, Australia
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147
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Zulkifli AA, Tan FH, Putoczki TL, Stylli SS, Luwor RB. STAT3 signaling mediates tumour resistance to EGFR targeted therapeutics. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 451:15-23. [PMID: 28088467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several EGFR inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical assessment or are approved for the clinical management of patients with varying tumour types. However, treatment often results in a lack of response in many patients. The majority of patients that initially respond eventually present with tumours that display acquired resistance to the original therapy. A large number of receptor tyrosine and intracellular kinases have been implicated in driving signaling that mediates this tumour resistance to anti-EGFR targeted therapy, and in a few cases these discoveries have led to overall changes in prospective tumour screening and clinical practice (K-RAS in mCRC and EGFR T790M in NSCLC). In this mini-review, we specifically focus on the role of the STAT3 signaling axis in providing both intrinsic and acquired resistance to inhibitors of the EGFR. We also focus on STAT3 pathway targeting in an attempt to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Zulkifli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Fiona H Tan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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148
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Malaney P, Uversky VN, Davé V. PTEN proteoforms in biology and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2783-2794. [PMID: 28289760 PMCID: PMC11107534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteoforms are specific molecular forms of protein products arising from a single gene that possess different structures and different functions. Therefore, a single gene can produce a large repertoire of proteoforms by means of allelic variations (mutations, indels, SNPs), alternative splicing and other pre-translational mechanisms, post-translational modifications (PTMs), conformational dynamics, and functioning. Resulting proteoforms that have different sizes, alternative splicing patterns, sets of post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and protein-ligand interactions, might dramatically increase the functionality of the encoded protein. Herein, we have interrogated the tumor suppressor PTEN for its proteoforms and find that this protein exists in multiple forms with distinct functions and sub-cellular localizations. Furthermore, the levels of each PTEN proteoform in a given cell may affect its biological function. Indeed, the paradigm of the continuum model of tumor suppression by PTEN can be better explained by the presence of a continuum of PTEN proteoforms, diversity, and levels of which are associated with pathological outcomes than simply by the different roles of mutations in the PTEN gene. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of PTEN proteoforms by several genomic and non-genomic mechanisms in cancer and other diseases is imperative. We have identified different PTEN proteoforms, which control various aspects of cellular function and grouped them into three categories of intrinsic, function-induced, and inducible proteoforms. A special emphasis is given to the inducible PTEN proteoforms that are produced due to alternative translational initiation. The novel finding that PTEN forms dimers with biological implications supports the notion that PTEN proteoform-proteoform interactions may play hitherto unknown roles in cellular homeostasis and in pathogenic settings, including cancer. These PTEN proteoforms with unique properties and functionalities offer potential novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of various cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Malaney
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, MDC 64, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave., Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194064
| | - Vrushank Davé
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, MDC 64, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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149
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Nakase I, Ueno N, Katayama M, Noguchi K, Takatani-Nakase T, Kobayashi NB, Yoshida T, Fujii I, Futaki S. Receptor clustering and activation by multivalent interaction through recognition peptides presented on exosomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:317-320. [PMID: 27853769 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06719k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel system for inducing clustering of cell surface receptors via recognition peptide segments displayed on exosomes, leading to receptor activation. With this system, targeting of receptor-expressing cells and facilitation of the endocytic uptake of exosomes, which contained the anti-cancer protein saporin, were successfully achieved, leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nakase
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8570, Japan.
| | - N Ueno
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8570, Japan. and Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - M Katayama
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8570, Japan. and Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - K Noguchi
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8570, Japan. and Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - T Takatani-Nakase
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - N B Kobayashi
- Keio Advanced Research Centers (KARC), Keio University, 2, Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan and Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd, 2, Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Keio Advanced Research Centers (KARC), Keio University, 2, Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan and Institute for Advanced Sciences, Toagosei Co., Ltd, 2, Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - I Fujii
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - S Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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150
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Jost C, Stüber JC, Honegger A, Wu Y, Batyuk A, Plückthun A. Rigidity of the extracellular part of HER2: Evidence from engineering subdomain interfaces and shared-helix DARPin-DARPin fusions. Protein Sci 2017. [PMID: 28639341 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The second member of the human ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, HER2/hErbB2, is regarded as an exceptional case: The four extracellular subdomains could so far only be found in one fixed overall conformation, designated "open" and resembling the ligand-bound form of the other ErbB receptors. It thus appears to be different from the extracellular domains of the other family members that show inter-subdomain flexibility and exist in a "tethered" form in the absence of ligand. For HER2, there was so far no direct evidence for such a tethered conformation on the cell surface. Nonetheless, alternative conformations of HER2 in vivo could so far not be excluded. We now demonstrate the rigidity of HER2 on the surface of tumor cells by employing two orthogonal approaches of protein engineering: To directly test the potential of the extracellular domain of HER2 to adopt a pseudo-tethered conformation on the cell surface, we first designed HER2 variants with a destabilized interface between extracellular subdomains I and III that would favor deviation from the "open" conformation. Secondly, we used differently shaped versions of a Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) fusion, recognizing subdomain I of HER2, devised to work as probes for a putative pseudo-tethered extracellular domain of HER2. Combining our approaches, we exclude, on live cells and in vitro, that significant proportions of HER2 deviate from the "open" conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jost
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob C Stüber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Honegger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yufan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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