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Afulani PA, Buback L, Kelly AM, Kirumbi L, Cohen CR, Lyndon A. Providers' perceptions of communication and women's autonomy during childbirth: a mixed methods study in Kenya. Reprod Health 2020; 17:85. [PMID: 32493424 PMCID: PMC7268432 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-0909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective communication and respect for women's autonomy are critical components of person-centered care. Yet, there is limited evidence in low-resource settings on providers' perceptions of the importance and extent of communication and women's autonomy during childbirth. Similarly, few studies have assessed the potential barriers to effective communication and maintenance of women's autonomy during childbirth. We sought to bridge these gaps. METHODS Data are from a mixed-methods study in Migori County in Western Kenya with 49 maternity providers (32 clinical and 17 non-clinical). Providers were asked structured questions on various aspects of communication and autonomy followed by open ended questions on why certain practices were performed or not. We conducted descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and thematic analysis of the qualitative data. RESULTS Despite acknowledging the importance of various aspects of communication and women's autonomy, providers reported incidences of poor communication and lack of respect for women's autonomy: 57% of respondents reported that providers never introduce themselves to women and 38% reported that women are never able to be in the birthing position of their choice. Also, 33% of providers reported that they did not always explain why they are doing exams or procedures and 73% reported that women were not always asked for permission before exams or procedures. The reasons for lack of communication and autonomy fall under three themes with several sub-themes: (1) work environment-perceived lack of time, language barriers, stress and burnout, and facility culture; (2) provider knowledge, intentions, and assumptions-inadequate provider knowledge and skill, forgetfulness and unconscious behaviors, self-protection and comfort, and assumptions about women's knowledge and expectations; and (3) women's ability to demand or command effective communication and respect for their autonomy-women's lack of participation, women's empowerment and provider bias. CONCLUSIONS Most providers recognize the importance of various aspects of communication and women's autonomy, but they fail to provide it for various reasons. To improve communication and autonomy, we need to address the different factors that negatively affect providers' interactions with women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A. Afulani
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 550 16th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, San Francisco, USA
| | - Laura Buback
- UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ann Marie Kelly
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Leah Kirumbi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Craig R. Cohen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 550 16th St, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, San Francisco, USA
| | - Audrey Lyndon
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, USA
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Ocholla IA, Agutu NO, Ouma PO, Gatungu D, Makokha FO, Gitaka J. Geographical accessibility in assessing bypassing behaviour for inpatient neonatal care, Bungoma County-Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:287. [PMID: 32397969 PMCID: PMC7216545 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal mortality rate in Kenya continues to be unacceptably high. In reducing newborn deaths, inequality in access to care and quality care have been identified as current barriers. Contributing to these barriers are the bypassing behaviour and geographical access which leads to delay in seeking newborn care. This study (i) measured geographical accessibility of inpatient newborn care, and (ii), characterized bypassing behaviour using the geographical accessibility of the inpatient newborn care seekers. METHODS Geographical accessibility to the inpatient newborn units was modelled based on travel time to the units across Bungoma County. Data was then collected from 8 inpatient newborn units and 395 mothers whose newborns were admitted in the units were interviewed. Their spatial residence locations were geo-referenced and were used against the modelled travel time to define bypassing behaviour. RESULTS Approximately 90% of the sick newborn population have access to nearest newborn units (< 2 h). However, 36% of the mothers bypassed their nearest inpatient newborn facility, with lack of diagnostic services (28%) and distrust of health personnel (37%) being the major determinants for bypassing. Approximately 75% of the care seekers preferred to use the higher tier facilities for both maternal and neonatal care in comparison to sub-county facilities which mostly were bypassed and remained underutilised. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that though majority of the population have access to care, sub-county inpatient newborn facilities have high risk of being bypassed. There is need to improve quality of care in maternal care, to reduce bypassing behaviour and improving neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Ocholla
- Department of Geomatics Engineering and Geospatial Information System, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nathan O. Agutu
- Department of Geomatics Engineering and Geospatial Information System, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul O. Ouma
- Department of Geomatics Engineering and Geospatial Information System, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Gatungu
- Research and Innovation Directorate, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
| | | | - Jesse Gitaka
- Research and Innovation Directorate, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
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103
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Bhowmik J, Biswas RK, Ananna N. Women's education and coverage of skilled birth attendance: An assessment of Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 in the South and Southeast Asian Region. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231489. [PMID: 32315328 PMCID: PMC7173780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. One of the indicators for this objective is the proportion of births attended by skilled health attendants (SBA). This study assessed the progress of low- and middle-income countries from South and Southeast Asian (SSEA) region in SBA coverage and evaluated the contribution of women’s education in this progression. Methods The Demographic and Health Surveys were assessed, which included 38 nationally representative surveys on women aged between 15-49 years from 10 selected SSEA region countries in past 30 years. Binary Logistic regression models were fitted adjusting the survey clusters, strata and sampling weights. Meta-analyses were conducted by collapsing effect sizes and confidence intervals of education modeled on SBA coverage. Results Results indicated that Cambodia, Indonesia and Philippines had over 80% SBA coverage after 2010, whereas Bangladesh and Afghanistan had around 50% coverage. Women with primary, secondary and higher level of education were 1.65, 2.21 and 3.14 times significantly more likely to access SBA care during childbirth respectively as compared to women with no education, suggesting that education is a key factor to address skilled delivery cares in the SSEA region. Conclusion Evaluation of the existing skilled birth attendance policies at the national level could provide useful insight for the decision makers to improve access to skilled care at birth by investing on women’s education in remote and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahar Bhowmik
- Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raaj Kishore Biswas
- Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Afulani PA, Buback L, McNally B, Mbuyita S, Mwanyika-Sando M, Peca E. A Rapid Review of Available Evidence to Inform Indicators for Routine Monitoring and Evaluation of Respectful Maternity Care. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020; 8:125-135. [PMID: 32234844 PMCID: PMC7108935 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-19-00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some opportunities to routinely capture and improve respectful maternity care (RMC) during facility-based childbirth include quality improvement (QI) initiatives, community-based monitoring efforts through community score cards (CSC), and performance-based financing (PBF) initiatives. But there is limited guidance on which types of RMC indicators are best suited for inclusion in these initiatives. We sought to provide practical evidence-based recommendations on indicators that may be used for routine measurement of RMC in programs. METHODS We used a rapid review approach, which included (1) reviewing existing documents and publications to extract RMC indicators and identify which have or can be used in facility-based QI, CSCs, and PBF schemes; (2) surveying RMC and maternal health experts to rank indicators, and (3) analyzing survey data to select the most recommended indicators. RESULTS We identified 49 indicators spanning several domains of RMC and mistreatment including dignified/nondignified care, verbal and physical abuse, privacy/confidentiality, autonomy/loss of autonomy, supportive care/lack thereof, communication, stigma, discrimination, trust, facility environment/culture, responsiveness, and nonevidence-based care. Based on the analysis of the survey data, we recommend 33 indicators (between 2 and 6 indicators for each RMC domain) that may be suited for incorporation in both facility-based QI and CSC-related monitoring efforts. CONCLUSION Integrating RMC indicators into QI and CSC initiatives, as well as in other maternal and neonatal health programs, could help improve RMC at the facility and community level. More research is needed into whether RMC can be integrated into PBF initiatives. Integration of RMC indicators into programs to improve quality of care and other health system outcomes will facilitate routine monitoring and accountability around experience of care. Measurement and improvement of women's experiences will increase maternal health service utilization and improve quality of care as a means of reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A Afulani
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Laura Buback
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brienne McNally
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Peca
- University Research Co., LLC, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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Filler T, Dunn S, Grace SL, Straus SE, Stewart DE, Gagliardi AR. Multi-level strategies to tailor patient-centred care for women: qualitative interviews with clinicians. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:212. [PMID: 32169069 PMCID: PMC7071699 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-centered care (PCC) is one approach for ameliorating persistent gendered disparities in health care quality, yet no prior research has studied how to achieve patient-centred care for women (PCCW). The purpose of this study was to explore how clinicians deliver PCCW, challenges they face, and the strategies they suggest are needed to support PCCW. METHODS We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (25-60 min) with clinicians. Thirty-seven clinicians representing 7 specialties (family physicians, cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, obstetricians/gynecologist, psychiatrists, nurses, social workers) who manage depression (n = 16), cardiovascular disease (n = 11) and contraceptive counseling (n = 10), conditions that affect women across the lifespan. We used constant comparative analysis to inductively analyze transcripts, mapped themes to a 6-domain PCC conceptual framework to interpret findings, and complied with qualitative research reporting standards. RESULTS Clinicians said that women don't always communicate their health concerns and physicians sometimes disregard women's health concerns, warranting unique PCC approaches.. Clinicians described 39 approaches they used to tailor PCC for women across 6 PCC domains: foster a healing relationship, exchange information, address emotions/concerns, manage uncertainty, make decisions, and enable self-management. Additional conditions that facilitated PCCW were: privacy, access to female clinicians, accommodating children through onsite facilities, and flexible appointment formats and schedules. Clinicians suggested 7 strategies needed to address barriers of PCCW they identified at the: patient-level (online appointments, transport to health services, use of patient partners to plan and/or deliver services), clinician-level (medical training and continuing professional development in PCC and women's health), and system-level (funding models for longer appointment times, multidisciplinary teamwork to address all PCC domains). CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed numerous strategies that clinicians can use to optimize PCCW, and health care managers and policy-makers can use to support PCCW through programs and policies. Identified strategies addressed all domains of an established PCC conceptual framework. Future research should evaluate the implementation and impact of these strategies on relevant outcomes such as perceived PCC among women and associated clinical outcomes to prepare for broad scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Filler
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2C4, Canada
| | | | - Sherry L Grace
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2C4, Canada
- York University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Donna E Stewart
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Anna R Gagliardi
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G2C4, Canada.
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106
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Bekele W, Bayou NB, Garedew MG. Magnitude of disrespectful and abusive care among women during facility-based childbirth in Shambu town, Horro Guduru Wollega zone, Ethiopia. Midwifery 2020; 83:102629. [PMID: 31981935 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrespectful care during childbirth causes suffering and discourages women from seeking facility-based care. It is one of the silent causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, but not yet well recorded especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to measure the magnitude of disrespect and abusive behaviors of health professionals during childbirth and associated factors. METHOD Community based cross-sectional study design was employed among 321 women who gave birth in public health facilities of Shambu town, Ethiopia, between January 01 and December 31, 2018. Simple random sampling was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Prevalence of disrespect and abuse was measured by using seven categories of disrespect and abuse with their respective verification criteria. The data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and then transported to SPSS version 23.0. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine the presence of statistically significant associations between the dependent and independent variables at p-value <0.05 and AOR values with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Out of 321 sampled respondents, 316 participated in this study with response rate of 98.4%. The overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse was 78.2% (95% CI: 73.5-83.2). The most common forms disrespect and abuse encountered by the mothers were: unconsented care (86.1%), non-dignified care (37.3%), lack of privacy (33.9%), physical abuse (21.5%) and neglectful care (13.3%). Mother's occupational status, increasing number of antenatal care visits and giving birth in a hospital setting were significantly associated with disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth. CONCLUSION Though government interventions are in place, excessive levels of disrespect and abusive practices during facility-based childbirth persisted to be important problems in the study area. To address the unnecessary suffering, health policy makers and program designers should develop strategies to enhance respectful maternity care approaches. Health managers and health professionals should do their best to provide high quality, client-centered care in health facilities so that women are not discouraged from using them. We also recommend knowledge exchange with development partners to determine which practices will be adaptable and helpful to address the problem of mistreatment of women in health care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Workineh Bekele
- Zonal Health Department of Horro Guduru Wollega, Oromia regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia
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107
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Smith J, Banay R, Zimmerman E, Caetano V, Musheke M, Kamanga A. Barriers to provision of respectful maternity care in Zambia: results from a qualitative study through the lens of behavioral science. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 31918682 PMCID: PMC6953303 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a growing body of literature has established that disrespect and abuse during delivery is prevalent around the world. This complex issue has not been well studied through the lens of behavioral science, which could shed light on the psychological dimensions of health worker behavior and how their micro-level context may be triggering abuse. Our research focuses on the behavioral drivers of disrespect and abuse in Zambia to develop solutions with health workers and women that improve the experience of care during delivery. METHODS A qualitative study based on the behavioral design methodology was conducted in Chipata District, Eastern Province. Study participants included postpartum women, providers (staff who attend deliveries), supervisors and mentors, health volunteers, and birth companions. Observations were conducted of client-provider interactions on labor wards at two urban health centers and a district hospital. In-depth interviews were audio recorded and English interpretation from these recordings was transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis and findings were synthesized following the behavioral design methodology. RESULTS Five key behavioral barriers were identified: 1) providers do not consider the decision to provide respectful care because they believe they are doing what they are expected to do, 2) providers do not consider the decision to provide respectful care explicitly since abuse and violence are normalized and therefore the default, 3) providers may decide that the costs of providing respectful care outweigh the gains, 4) providers believe they do not need to provide respectful care, and 5) providers may change their mind about the quality of care they will provide when they believe that disrespectful care will assist their clinical objectives. We identified features of providers' context - the environment in which they live and work, and their past experiences - which contribute to each barrier, including supervisory systems, visual cues, social constructs, clinical processes, and other features. CONCLUSIONS Client experience of disrespectful care during labor and delivery in Chipata, Zambia is prevalent. Providers experience several behavioral barriers to providing respectful maternity care. Each of these barriers is triggered by one or more addressable features in a provider's environment. By applying the behavioral design methodology to the challenge of respectful maternity care, we have identified specific and concrete contextual cues that targeted solutions could address in order to facilitate respectful maternity care.
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108
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Arsenault C, English M, Gathara D, Malata A, Mandala W, Kruk ME. Variation in competent and respectful delivery care in Kenya and Malawi: a retrospective analysis of national facility surveys. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:442-453. [PMID: 31828923 PMCID: PMC7217001 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Although substantial progress has been made in increasing access to care during childbirth, reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality have been slower. Poor‐quality care may be to blame. In this study, we measure the quality of labour and delivery services in Kenya and Malawi using data from observations of deliveries and explore factors associated with levels of competent and respectful care. Methods We used data from nationally representative health facility assessment surveys. A total of 1100 deliveries in 392 facilities across Kenya and Malawi were observed and quality was assessed using two indices: the quality of the process of intrapartum and immediate postpartum care (QoPIIPC) index and a previously validated index of respectful maternity care. Data from standardised observations of care were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariable random‐intercept regression models to examine factors associated with variation in quality of care. We also quantified the variance in quality explained by each domain of covariates (patient‐, provider‐ and facility‐level and subnational divisions). Results Only 61–66% of basic elements of competent and respectful care were performed. In adjusted models, better‐staffed facilities, private hospitals and morning deliveries were associated with higher levels of competent and respectful care. In Malawi, younger, primipara and HIV‐positive women received higher‐quality care. Quality also differed substantially across regions in Kenya, with a 25 percentage‐point gap between Nairobi and the Coast region. Quality was also higher in higher‐volume facilities and those with caesarean section capacity. Most of the explained variance in quality was due to regions in Kenya and to facility, and patient‐level characteristics in Malawi. Conclusions Our findings suggest considerable scope for improvement in quality. Increasing staffing and shifting births to higher‐volume facilities – along with promotion of respectful care in these facilities – should be considered in sub‐Saharan Africa to improve outcomes for mothers and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Arsenault
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan school of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mike English
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Gathara
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Address Malata
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | - Wilson Mandala
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
| | - Margaret E Kruk
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan school of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Jacob CM, Lawrence WT, Inskip HM, McAuliffe FM, Killeen SL, Hanson M. Do the concepts of "life course approach" and "developmental origins of health and disease" underpin current maternity care? Study protocol. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 147:140-146. [PMID: 31571230 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the knowledge of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concepts among midwives and obstetricians and to identify barriers and facilitators for clinicians to engage women and their partners before or early in pregnancy on risk factors associated with DOHaD, and thus to embed the concept of DOHaD in routine clinical practice. METHODS A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews will be conducted in Ghana, India, Pakistan, Brazil, the UK, and USA in collaboration with the International Confederation of Midwives and the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Participants will be contacted via email and telephone interviews will be conducted until data saturation followed by inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Findings from this exploratory study will provide new knowledge about the perspectives of midwives and obstetricians on DOHaD and their role in preventing the intergenerational passage of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk and improving preconception care. CONCLUSION This study will help us understand the current use of DOHaD principles in international maternity care and how this can be improved. Bringing DOHaD to clinical practice will help healthcare practitioners adopt a long-term approach in the prevention of NCDs and childhood obesity and will help women to enter pregnancy in optimum health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Maria Jacob
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Wendy T Lawrence
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Louise Killeen
- Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Bhattacharya AA, Allen E, Umar N, Usman AU, Felix H, Audu A, Schellenberg JR, Marchant T. Monitoring childbirth care in primary health facilities: a validity study in Gombe State, northeastern Nigeria. J Glob Health 2019; 9:020411. [PMID: 31360449 PMCID: PMC6657002 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.09.020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the quality of facility-based births is a critical strategy for reducing the high burden of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity across all settings. Accurate data on childbirth care is essential for monitoring progress. In northeastern Nigeria, we assessed the validity of childbirth care indicators in a rural primary health care context, as documented by health workers and reported by women at different recall periods. METHODS We compared birth observations (gold standard) to: (i) facility exit interviews with observed women; (ii) household follow-up interviews 9-22 months after childbirth; and (iii) health worker documentation in the maternity register. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) to determine individual-level reporting accuracy. We calculated the inflation factor (IF) to determine population-level validity. RESULTS Twenty-five childbirth care indicators were assessed to validate health worker documentation and women's self-reports. During exit interviews, women's recall had high validity (AUC≥0.70 and 0.75 CONCLUSIONS In addition to standard household surveys, monitoring of facility-based childbirth care should consider drawing from and linking multiple data sources, including routine health facility data and exit interviews with recently delivered women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nasir Umar
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Habila Felix
- State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Audu
- State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | - Tanya Marchant
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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111
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Bohren MA, Mehrtash H, Fawole B, Maung TM, Balde MD, Maya E, Thwin SS, Aderoba AK, Vogel JP, Irinyenikan TA, Adeyanju AO, Mon NO, Adu-Bonsaffoh K, Landoulsi S, Guure C, Adanu R, Diallo BA, Gülmezoglu AM, Soumah AM, Sall AO, Tunçalp Ö. How women are treated during facility-based childbirth in four countries: a cross-sectional study with labour observations and community-based surveys. Lancet 2019; 394:1750-1763. [PMID: 31604660 PMCID: PMC6853169 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women across the world are mistreated during childbirth. We aimed to develop and implement evidence-informed, validated tools to measure mistreatment during childbirth, and report results from a cross-sectional study in four low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS We prospectively recruited women aged at least 15 years in twelve health facilities (three per country) in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar, and Nigeria between Sept 19, 2016, and Jan 18, 2018. Continuous observations of labour and childbirth were done from admission up to 2 h post partum. Surveys were administered by interviewers in the community to women up to 8 weeks post partum. Labour observations were not done in Myanmar. Data were collected on sociodemographics, obstetric history, and experiences of mistreatment. FINDINGS 2016 labour observations and 2672 surveys were done. 838 (41·6%) of 2016 observed women and 945 (35·4%) of 2672 surveyed women experienced physical or verbal abuse, or stigma or discrimination. Physical and verbal abuse peaked 30 min before birth until 15 min after birth (observation). Many women did not consent for episiotomy (observation: 190 [75·1%] of 253; survey: 295 [56·1%] of 526) or caesarean section (observation: 35 [13·4%] of 261; survey: 52 [10·8%] of 483), despite receiving these procedures. 133 (5·0%) of 2672 women or their babies were detained in the facility because they were unable to pay the bill (survey). Younger age (15-19 years) and lack of education were the primary determinants of mistreatment (survey). For example, younger women with no education (odds ratio [OR] 3·6, 95% CI 1·6-8·0) and younger women with some education (OR 1·6, 1·1-2·3) were more likely to experience verbal abuse, compared with older women (≥30 years), adjusting for marital status and parity. INTERPRETATION More than a third of women experienced mistreatment and were particularly vulnerable around the time of birth. Women who were younger and less educated were most at risk, suggesting inequalities in how women are treated during childbirth. Understanding drivers and structural dimensions of mistreatment, including gender and social inequalities, is essential to ensure that interventions adequately account for the broader context. FUNDING United States Agency for International Development and the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Bohren
- Gender and Women's Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia; UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Hedieh Mehrtash
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bukola Fawole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Mamadou Dioulde Balde
- Cellule de Recherche en Sante de la Reproduction en Guinee (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Ernest Maya
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Soe Soe Thwin
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adeniyi K Aderoba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mother and Child Hospital, Oke-Aro, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua P Vogel
- Maternal and Child Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Theresa Azonima Irinyenikan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria; University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Nwe Oo Mon
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kwame Adu-Bonsaffoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Unive rsity of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sihem Landoulsi
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chris Guure
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Adanu
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Boubacar Alpha Diallo
- Cellule de Recherche en Sante de la Reproduction en Guinee (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - A Metin Gülmezoglu
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Soumah
- Cellule de Recherche en Sante de la Reproduction en Guinee (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Alpha Oumar Sall
- Cellule de Recherche en Sante de la Reproduction en Guinee (CERREGUI), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Özge Tunçalp
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A Afulani
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences and UCSF Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cheryl A Moyer
- Departments of Learning Health Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Austad K, Juarez M, Shryer H, Moratoya C, Rohloff P. Obstetric care navigation: results of a quality improvement project to provide accompaniment to women for facility-based maternity care in rural Guatemala. BMJ Qual Saf 2019; 29:169-178. [PMID: 31678958 PMCID: PMC7045784 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many maternal and perinatal deaths in low-resource settings are preventable. Inadequate access to timely, quality care in maternity facilities drives poor outcomes, especially where women deliver at home with traditional birth attendants (TBA). Yet few solutions exist to support TBA-initiated referrals or address reasons patients frequently refuse facility care, such as disrespectful and abusive treatment. We hypothesised that deploying accompaniers-obstetric care navigators (OCN)-trained to provide integrated patient support would facilitate referrals from TBAs to public hospitals. METHODS This project built on an existing collaboration with 41 TBAs who serve indigenous Maya villages in Guatemala's Western Highlands, which provided baseline data for comparison. When TBAs detected pregnancy complications, families were offered OCN referral support. Implementation was guided by bimonthly meetings of the interdisciplinary quality improvement team where the OCN role was iteratively tailored. The primary process outcomes were referral volume, proportion of births receiving facility referral, and referral success rate, which were analysed using statistical process control methods. RESULTS Over the 12-month pilot, TBAs attended 847 births. The median referral volume rose from 14 to 27.5, meeting criteria for special cause variation, without a decline in success rate. The proportion of births receiving facility-level care increased from 24±6% to 62±20% after OCN implementation. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and prolonged labour were the most common referral indications. The OCN role evolved to include a number of tasks, such as expediting emergency transportation and providing doula-like labour support. CONCLUSIONS OCN accompaniment increased the proportion of births under TBA care that received facility-level obstetric care. Results from this of obstetric care navigation suggest it is a feasible, patient-centred intervention to improve maternity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Austad
- Wuqu' Kawoq - Maya Health Alliance, Tecpán, Guatemala .,Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Women's Health, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michel Juarez
- Wuqu' Kawoq - Maya Health Alliance, Tecpán, Guatemala
| | - Hannah Shryer
- Wuqu' Kawoq - Maya Health Alliance, Tecpán, Guatemala
| | | | - Peter Rohloff
- Wuqu' Kawoq - Maya Health Alliance, Tecpán, Guatemala.,Division of Global Health Equity and Social Change, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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114
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Sudhinaraset M, Landrian A, Afulani PA, Diamond-Smith N, Golub G. Association between person-centered maternity care and newborn complications in Kenya. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 148:27-34. [PMID: 31544243 PMCID: PMC6939318 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the recognized importance of person-centered care, very little information exists on how person-centered maternity care (PCMC) impacts newborn health. METHODS Baseline and follow-up data were collected from women who delivered in government health facilities in Nairobi and Kiambu counties in Kenya between August 2016 and February 2017. The final analytic sample included 413 respondents who completed the baseline survey and at least one follow-up survey at 2, 6, 8, and/or 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between PCMC scores and outcomes of interest. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, women with high PCMC scores were significantly less likely to report newborn complications than women with low PCMC scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.98). Women reporting high PCMC scores also had significantly higher odds of reporting a willingness to return to the facility for their next delivery than women with low PCMC score (aOR 12.72, 95% CI 2.26-71.63). The domains of Respect/Dignity and Supportive Care were associated with fewer newborn complications and willingness to return to a facility. CONCLUSION PCMC could improve not just the experience of the mother during childbirth, but also the health of her newborn and future health-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Sudhinaraset
- Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Landrian
- Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patience A Afulani
- School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadia Diamond-Smith
- School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Afulani PA, Buback L, Essandoh F, Kinyua J, Kirumbi L, Cohen CR. Quality of antenatal care and associated factors in a rural county in Kenya: an assessment of service provision and experience dimensions. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:684. [PMID: 31590662 PMCID: PMC6781384 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the quality of antenatal care (ANC) women received in Migori county, Kenya—including both service provision and experience dimensions—and to examine factors associated with each dimension. Methods We used survey data collected in 2016 in Migori county from 1031 women aged 15–49 who attended ANC at least once in their most recent pregnancy. ANC quality service provision was measured by nine questions on receipt of recommended ANC services, and experience of care by 18 questions on information, communication, dignity, and facility environment. We summed the responses to the individual items to generate ANC service provision and experience of care scores. We used both linear and logistic regression to examine predictors. Results The average service provision score was 10.9 (SD = 2.4) out of a total of 16. Most women received some recommended services once, but not at the frequency recommended by the Kenyan Ministry of Health. About 90% had their blood pressure measured, and 78% had a urine test, but only 58 and 14% reported blood pressure monitoring and urine test, respectively, at every visit. Only 16% received an ultrasound at any time during ANC. The average experience score is 27.3 (SD = 8.2) out of a total score of 42, with key gaps demonstrated in communication. About half of women were not educated on pregnancy complications. Also, about one-third did not often understand the purposes of tests and medicines received and did not feel able to ask questions to the health care provider. In multivariate analysis, women who were literate, employed, and who received all their ANC in a health center had higher experiences scores than women who were illiterate (coefficient = 1.52, CI:0.26,2.79), unemployed (coefficient = 2.73, CI:1.46,4.00), and received some ANC from a hospital (coefficient = 1.99, CI: 0.84, 3.14) respectively. The wealthiest women had two times higher odds of receiving an ultrasound than the poorest women (OR = 2.00, CI:1.20,3.33). Conclusion Quality of ANC is suboptimal in both service provision and experience domains, with disparities by demographic and socioeconomic factors and facility type. More efforts are needed to improve quality of ANC and to eliminate the disparities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-4476-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A Afulani
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA. .,Institute for Global Health Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Laura Buback
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Institute for Global Health Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Leah Kirumbi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Craig R Cohen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Institute for Global Health Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
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116
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Afulani PA, Aborigo RA, Walker D, Moyer CA, Cohen S, Williams J. Can an integrated obstetric emergency simulation training improve respectful maternity care? Results from a pilot study in Ghana. Birth 2019; 46:523-532. [PMID: 30680785 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few evidence-based interventions exist on how to improve respectful maternity care (RMC) in low-resource settings. We sought to evaluate the effect of an integrated simulation-based training on provision of RMC. METHODS The pilot project was in East Mamprusi District in northern Ghana. We integrated specific components of RMC, emphasizing dignity and respect, communication and autonomy, and supportive care, into a simulation training to improve identification and management of obstetric and neonatal emergencies. Forty-three providers were trained. For evaluation, we conducted surveys at baseline (N = 215) and endline (N = 318) 6 months later, with recently delivered women to assess their experiences of care using the person-centered maternity care scale. Higher scores on the scale represent more respectful care. RESULTS Compared to the baseline, women in the endline reported more respectful care. The average person-centered maternity care score increased from 50 at baseline to 72 at endline, a relative increase of 43%. Scores on the subscales also increased between baseline and endline: 15% increase for dignity and respect, 87% increase for communication and autonomy, and 55% increase for supportive care. These differences remained significant in multivariate analysis controlling for several potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that integrated provider trainings that give providers the opportunity to learn, practice, and reflect on their provision of RMC in the context of stressful emergency obstetric simulations have the potential to improve women's childbirth experiences in low-resource settings. Incorporating such trainings into preservice and in-service training of providers will help advance global efforts to promote RMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A Afulani
- School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Dilys Walker
- School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California.,PRONTO International, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Susanna Cohen
- PRONTO International, Seattle, Washington.,College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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117
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Morton CH, Simkin P. Can respectful maternity care save and improve lives? Birth 2019; 46:391-395. [PMID: 31273848 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sudhinaraset M, Giessler K, Golub G, Afulani P. Providers and women's perspectives on person-centered maternity care: a mixed methods study in Kenya. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:83. [PMID: 31182105 PMCID: PMC6558853 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-0980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, there has been increasing attention to women’s experiences of care and calls for a person-centered care approach. At the heart of this approach is the patient-provider relationship. It is necessary to examine the extent to which providers and women agree on the care that is provided and received. Studies have found that incongruence between women’s and providers’ perceptions may negatively impact women’s compliance, satisfaction, and future use of health facilities. However, there are no studies that examine patient and provider perspectives on person-centered care. Methods To fill this gap in the literature, we use cross-sectional data of 531 women and 33 providers in seven government health facilities in Kenya to assess concordance and discordance in person-centered care measures. Additionally, we analyze 41 in-depth interviews with providers from three of these facilities to examine why differences in reporting may occur. Descriptive statistical methods were used to measure the magnitude of differences between reports of women and reports of providers. Thematic analyses were conducted for provider surveys. Results Our findings suggest high discordance between women and providers’ perspectives in regard to person-centered care experiences. On average, women reported lower levels of person-centered care compared to providers, including low respectful and dignified care, communication and autonomy, and supportive care. Providers were more likely to report higher rates of poor health facility environment such as having sufficient staff. We summarize the overarching reasons for the divergence in women and provider reports as: 1) different understanding or interpretation of person-centered care behaviors, and 2) different expectations, norms or values of provider behaviors. Providers rationalized abuse towards women, did not allow a companion of choice, and blamed women for poor patient-provider communication. Women lacked assurance in privacy and confidentiality, and faced challenges related to the health facility environment. Providers attributed poor person-centered care to both individual and facility/systemic factors. Conclusions Implications of this study suggests that providers should be trained on person-centered care approaches and women should be counseled on understanding patient rights and how to communicate with health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Sudhinaraset
- University of California, Los Angeles, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA. .,School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Katie Giessler
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Patience Afulani
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Afulani PA, Feeser K, Sudhinaraset M, Aborigo R, Montagu D, Chakraborty N. Toward the development of a short multi‐country person‐centered maternity care scale. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 146:80-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patience A. Afulani
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Karla Feeser
- Research and Technical Assistance Metrics for Management Oakland CA USA
| | - May Sudhinaraset
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Raymond Aborigo
- Department of Public Health Navrongo Health Research Center Navrongo Ghana
| | - Dominic Montagu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
- Research and Technical Assistance Metrics for Management Oakland CA USA
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Downe S. Focusing on what works for person-centred maternity care. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2019; 7:e10-e11. [PMID: 30554747 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Downe
- School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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