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Merendino N, Molinari R, Costantini L, Mazzucato A, Pucci A, Bonafaccia F, Esti M, Ceccantoni B, Papeschi C, Bonafaccia G. A new "functional" pasta containing tartary buckwheat sprouts as an ingredient improves the oxidative status and normalizes some blood pressure parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2014; 5:1017-26. [PMID: 24658587 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60683j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that some foods, particularly those rich in (poly)phenols, may reduce cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders such as hypertension. Buckwheat sprouts have been suggested as a new raw material for the production of functional foods due to their high content of healthy compounds such as rutin and quercetin. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the biological hypotensive and antioxidant responses of pasta containing tartary buckwheat sprouts (TBSP) on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In this study, dry tartary buckwheat sprouts were milled to obtain a powder that was used in the production of pasta containing 30% dry buckwheat sprouts and 70% durum wheat semolina. Afterwards, we analyzed the in vitro TBSP features compared with the control (durum wheat flour pasta, DWFP), and the in vivo effects of TBSP on SHR and their normotensive counterpart, Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY rats). The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were higher in TBSP compared to DWFP. The results showed that SHR fed TBSP exhibited higher plasma levels of the endogenous vasodilators bradykinin (BK) and nitric oxide (NO), a lower level of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1), and an improved antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that TBSP may help reduce hypertension and oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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102
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Macêdo CL, Vasconcelos LHC, de Correia ACC, Martins IRR, de Lira DP, de O Santos BV, de A Cavalcante F, Silva BAD. Mechanisms underlying vasorelaxation induced in rat aorta by galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether, a flavonoid from Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke. Molecules 2014; 19:19678-95. [PMID: 25438079 PMCID: PMC6271539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relaxant action of galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL) on rat aorta. The flavonoid relaxed both PMA‑ and phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions (pD2 = 5.36 ± 0.11 and 4.17 ± 0.10, respectively), suggesting the involvement of PKC and Phe pathways or α1 adrenergic receptor blockade. FGAL inhibited and rightward shifted Phe-induced cumulative concentration‑response curves, indicating a noncompetitive antagonism of α1 adrenergic receptors. The flavonoid was more potent in relaxing 30 mM KCl- than 80 mM KCl-induced contractions (pD2 = 5.50 ± 0.22 and 4.37 ± 0.12). The vasorelaxant potency of FGAL on Phe-induced contraction was reduced in the presence of 10 mM TEA+. Furthermore, in the presence of apamin, glibenclamide, BaCl2 or 4-AP, FGAL-induced relaxation was attenuated, indicating the participation of small conductance calcium-activated K+ channels (SKCa), ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP), inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir) and voltage-dependent K+ channels (KV), respectively. FGAL inhibited and rightward shifted CaCl2-induced cumulative concentration-response curves in both depolarizing medium (high K+) and in the presence of verapamil and phenylephrine, suggesting inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV) and receptor operated channels (ROCs), respectively. Likewise, FGAL inhibited Phe-induced contractions in Ca2+-free medium, indicating inhibition of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). FGAL potentiated the relaxant effect of aminophylline and sildenafil but not milrinone, suggesting the involvement of phosphodiesterase V (PDE V). Thus, the FGAL vasorelaxant mechanism involves noncompetitive antagonism of α1 adrenergic receptors, the non-selective opening of K+ channels, inhibition of Ca2+ influx through CaV or ROCs and the inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release. Additionally, there is the involvement of cyclic nucleotide pathway, particularly through PDE V inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibério L Macêdo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H C Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana C C de Correia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Italo R R Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Daysianne P de Lira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade Santa Maria (FSM), Cajazeiras, PB 58900-000, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara V de O Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana de A Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Bagnólia A da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
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103
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Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Micek A, Topor-Mądry R, Pikhart H, Szafraniec K, Pająk A. Association of daily coffee and tea consumption and metabolic syndrome: results from the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:1129-37. [PMID: 25367317 PMCID: PMC4575379 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether daily consumption of coffee and tea was associated with components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study. Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey including 8,821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Krakow, Poland. Coffee and tea consumption was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Results Among high coffee and tea consumers (3 or more cups/day), high prevalence of female gender, young age, medium–high educational and occupational level, high total energy intake, and smoking habit were found. High coffee drinkers had lower BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol than those drinking less than 1 cup/day. In contrast, high tea consumers had lower BMI, waist circumference, but not diastolic blood pressure, which was higher than low drinkers. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, both higher coffee and tea consumption were negatively associated with MetS (OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.66, 0.86 and OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.67, 0.92, respectively). Among specific components of MetS, high coffee consumption was negatively associated with waist circumference, hypertension, and triglycerides, whereas tea consumption with central obesity and fasting plasma glucose in women, but not in men. Conclusions Coffee and tea consumption was negatively associated with MetS and some of its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy. .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Topor-Mądry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Krystyna Szafraniec
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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104
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Comparative analysis of maple syrup to other natural sweeteners and evaluation of their metabolic responses in healthy rats. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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105
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Al-Gubory KH, Krawiec A, Grange S, Faure P, Garrel C. Abortion-prone mating influences placental antioxidant status and adversely affects placental and foetal development. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1505-13. [PMID: 25263566 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.967690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with decreased female fertility and adversely affects prenatal development. Mammalian cells have developed a network of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence systems to prevent oxidative stress. Little attention has been paid to the antioxidative pathways in placentas of normal and disturbed pregnancies, leaving a gap in our knowledge about the role of antioxidants in the control of foeto-placental development. The challenges in studying early human pregnancy can partly be overcome by designing animal models of abnormal pregnancy. We aimed to determine whether the antioxidant status of placentas from the CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone pregnant mice differed from that of normal pregnant mice. The foetal/placental weight ratio was lower in abortion-prone matings compared with that in non-abortion-prone matings. The increased placental malondialdehyde (MDA) content, the end products of lipid peroxidation, with concomitants alterations in placental antioxidants, namely copper-zinc containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese containing (SOD2), glutathione peroxidases (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities may be involved in placental and foetal growth restriction. We show that placental oxidative stress is linked with poor prenatal development and pregnancy losses in CBA/J × DBA/2 mice matings. This animal model may be useful in the evaluation of nutritional antioxidant therapies for oxidative stress and associated prenatal developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Al-Gubory
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Département de Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage , Jouy-en-Josas , France
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106
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Tennant DR, Davidson J, Day AJ. Phytonutrient intakes in relation to European fruit and vegetable consumption patterns observed in different food surveys. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1214-25. [PMID: 25108299 PMCID: PMC4189118 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetables make an important contribution to health, partly due to the composition of phytonutrients, such as carotenoids and polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to quantify the intake of fruit and vegetables across different European countries using food consumption data of increasing complexity: food balance sheets (FBS); the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive Database; individual food consumption data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Across Europe, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables ranged from 192 to 824 g/d (FBS data). Based on EFSA data, nine out of fourteen countries consumed < 400 g/d (recommended by the WHO), although even in the highest-consuming countries such as Spain, 36 % did not reach the target intake. In the UK, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables was 310 g/d (NDNS data). Generally, phytonutrient intake increased in accordance with fruit and vegetable intake across all European countries with the exception of lycopene (from tomatoes), which appeared to be higher in some countries that consumed less fruit and vegetables. There were little differences in the average intake of flavanols, flavonols and lycopene in those who did or did not meet the 400 g/d recommendation in the UK. However, average intakes of carotenoid, flavanone, anthocyanidin and ellagic acid were higher in those who consumed >400 g/d of fruit and vegetables compared with those who did not. Overall, intakes of phytonutrients are highly variable, suggesting that while some individuals obtain healthful amounts, there may be others who do not gain all the potential benefits associated with phytonutrients in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Tennant
- Food Chemical Risk Analysis, 14 St Mary's Square, BrightonBN2 1FZ, UK
| | - Julia Davidson
- Amway (UK) Limited, St Anne's House, Caldecotte Lake Drive, Caldecotte Business Park, Caldecotte, Milton KeynesMK7 8JU, UK
| | - Andrea J. Day
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
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107
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Chalopin M, Soleti R, Benameur T, Tesse A, Faure S, Martínez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Red wine polyphenol compounds favor neovascularisation through estrogen receptor α-independent mechanism in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110080. [PMID: 25299185 PMCID: PMC4192547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Red wine polyphenol compounds (RWPC) exert paradoxical effects depending on the dose on post-ischemic neovascularisation. Low dose RWPC (0.2 mg/kg/day) is pro-angiogenic, whereas high dose (20 mg/kg/day) is anti-angiogenic. We recently reported that the endothelial effect of RWPC is mediated through the activation of a redox-sensitive pathway, mitochondrial biogenesis and the activation of α isoform of the estrogen receptor (ERα). Here, we investigated the implication of ERα on angiogenic properties of RWPC. Using ovariectomized mice lacking ERα treated with high dose of RWPC after hindlimb ischemia, we examined blood flow reperfusion, vascular density, nitric oxide (NO) production, expression and activation of proteins involved in angiogenic process and muscle energy sensing network. As expected, high dose of RWPC treatment reduced both blood flow and vascular density in muscles of mice expressing ERα. These effects were associated with reduced NO production resulting from diminished activity of eNOS. In the absence of RWPC, ERα deficient mice showed a reduced neo-vascularisation associated with a decreased NO production. Surprisingly in mice lacking ERα, high dose of RWPC increased blood flow and capillary density in conjunction with increased NO pathway and production as well as VEGF expression. Of particular interest is the activation of Sirt-1, AMPKα and PGC-1α/β axis in ischemic hindlimb from both strains. Altogether, the results highlight a pro-angiogenic property of RWPC via an ERα-independent mechanism that is associated with an up-regulation of energy sensing network. This study brings a corner stone of a novel pathway for RWPC to correct cardiovascular diseases associated with failed neovascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Chalopin
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Angers, France
| | - Raffaella Soleti
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Angers, France
| | - Tarek Benameur
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Angers, France
| | - Angela Tesse
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Faure
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Angers, France
| | | | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Angers, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
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108
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Valero-Muñoz M, Martín-Fernández B, Ballesteros S, Lahera V, de las Heras N. Carob pod insoluble fiber exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects in rabbits through sirtuin-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α. J Nutr 2014; 144:1378-84. [PMID: 25031331 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.196113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of an insoluble dietary fiber from carob pod (IFC) (1 g ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ d(-1) in the diet) on alterations associated with atherosclerosis in rabbits with dyslipidemia. Male New Zealand rabbits (n = 30) were fed the following diets for 8 wk: 1) a control diet (SF412; Panlab) as a control group representing normal conditions; 2) a control supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol + 14% coconut oil (DL) (SF302; Panlab) for 8 wk as a dyslipidemic group; and 3) a control containing 0.5% cholesterol + 14% coconut oil plus IFC (1 g ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ d(-1)) (DL+IFC) for 8 wk. IFC was administered in a pellet mixed with the DL diet. The DL-fed group developed mixed dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic lesions, which were associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein expression in the aorta were reduced to 77% and 63% of the control group, respectively (P < 0.05), in these rabbits. Administration of IFC to DL-fed rabbits reduced the size of the aortic lesion significantly (DL, 15.2% and DL+IFC, 2.6%) and normalized acetylcholine-induced relaxation (maximal response: control, 89.3%; DL, 61.6%; DL+IFC, 87.1%; P < 0.05) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (DL, 52% and DL+IFC, 104% of the control group). IFC administration to DL-fed rabbits also reduced cluster of differentiation 36 (DL, 148% and DL+IFC, 104% of the control group; P < 0.05), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (DL, 141% and DL+IFC, 107% of the control group), tumor necrosis factor-α (DL, 166% and DL+IFC, 120% of the control group), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (DL, 153% and DL+IFC, 110% of the control group), transforming growth factor-β (DL, 173% and DL+IFC, 99% of the control group), and collagen I (DL, 157% and DL+IFC, 112% of the control group) in the aorta. These effects were accompanied by an enhancement of SIRT1 and PGC-1α (160% and 121% of the control group, respectively; P < 0.05) vascular expression. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that administration of IFC reduces the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. This effect seems to be related to an improvement in endothelial function and a reduction of inflammation and fibrosis, most probably as a consequence of the reduction of serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides. Increased expression of aortic SIRT1 and PGC-1α could play an important role in the observed effects of IFC in rabbits with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Valero-Muñoz
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Ballesteros
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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109
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Rebello CJ, Greenway FL, Finley JW. Whole grains and pulses: a comparison of the nutritional and health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7029-7049. [PMID: 24992700 DOI: 10.1021/jf500932z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of disease. Whole grain cereals contain a host of nutrients and bioactive substances that have health-promoting effects. Epidemiological evidence shows a consistent inverse association between whole grain intake and the risk of chronic disease. Despite a concerted effort by scientists, educators, and policy makers to promote the consumption of whole grains, it remains dismally short of the recommended intakes. Pulses (dried beans and peas) differ from whole grains in their structural and physicochemical properties and have varying amounts of fiber, resistant starch, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components; nevertheless, these food groups complement each other. Observational as well as intervention trials show that pulse consumption has beneficial effects on the prevention and management of chronic disease. The nutritional and phytochemical components of pulses coupled with those of whole grains suggest a potential synergistic effect that could provide significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida J Rebello
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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110
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Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies: from an adipocentric point of view. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:908539. [PMID: 25143800 PMCID: PMC4131099 DOI: 10.1155/2014/908539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Systemic oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidants derivatives production and antioxidants defenses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally considered to be detrimental for health. However, evidences have been provided that they can act as second messengers in adaptative responses to stress. Obesity represents a major risk factor for deleterious associated pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, liver, and coronary heart diseases. Many evidences regarding obesity-induced oxidative stress accumulated over the past few years based on established correlations of biomarkers or end-products of free-radical-mediated oxidative stress with body mass index. The hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, especially insulin-resistance state, is supported by several studies where treatments reducing ROS production reverse metabolic alterations, notably through improvement of insulin sensitivity, hyperlipidemia, or hepatic steatosis. In this review, we will develop the mechanistic links between oxidative stress generated by adipose tissue in the context of obesity and its impact on metabolic complications development. We will also attempt to discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting obesity-associated oxidative stress in order to prevent associated-metabolic complications.
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111
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Theunissen S, Schumacker J, Guerrero F, Tillmans F, Boutros A, Lambrechts K, Mazur A, Pieri M, Germonpré P, Balestra C. Dark chocolate reduces endothelial dysfunction after successive breath-hold dives in cool water. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 113:2967-75. [PMID: 24078211 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to observe the effects of dark chocolate on endothelial function after a series of successive apnea dives in non-thermoneutral water. METHODS Twenty breath-hold divers were divided into two groups: a control group (8 males and 2 females) and a chocolate group (9 males and 1 female). The control group was asked to perform a series of dives to 20 m adding up to 20 min in the quiet diving pool of Conflans-Ste-Honorine (Paris, France), water temperature was 27 °C. The chocolate group performed the dives 1 h after ingestion of 30 g of dark chocolate. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), digital photoplethysmography, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite ONOO−) levels were measured before and after each series of breath-hold dives. RESULTS A significant decrease in FMD was observed in the control group after the dives (95.28 ± 2.9 % of pre-dive values, p < 0.001) while it was increased in the chocolate group (104.1 ± 2.9 % of pre-dive values, p < 0.01). A decrease in the NO level was observed in the control group (86.76 ± 15.57 %, p < 0.05) whereas no difference was shown in the chocolate group (98.44 ± 31.86 %, p > 0.05). No differences in digital photoplethysmography and peroxynitrites were observed between before and after the dives. CONCLUSION Antioxidants contained in dark chocolate scavenge free radicals produced during breath-hold diving. Ingestion of 30 g of dark chocolate 1 h before the dive can thus prevent endothelial dysfunction which can be observed after a series of breath-hold dives.
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112
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Rimm EB, Medina-Remón A, Martínez-González MA, de la Torre R, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Saez GT, Basora J, Sorlí JV, Martínez JA, Vinyoles E, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Inverse association between habitual polyphenol intake and incidence of cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:639-647. [PMID: 24552647 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiologic and biological evidence supports an inverse association between polyphenol consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no previous studies have prospectively evaluated the relationship between polyphenol intake and the incidence of CVD in such a comprehensive way. The aim was to evaluate the association between intakes of total polyphenol and polyphenol subgroups, and the risk of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke or death from cardiovascular causes) in the PREDIMED study. METHODS AND RESULTS The present work is an observational study within the PREDIMED trial. Over an average of 4.3 years of follow-up, there were 273 confirmed cases of CVD among the 7172 participants (96.3%) who completed a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Polyphenol consumption was calculated by matching food consumption data from the FFQ with the Phenol-Explorer database on polyphenol content of each reported food. After multivariate adjustment, a 46% reduction in risk of CVD risk was observed comparing Q5 vs. Q1 of total polyphenol intake (HR = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33-0.91; P-trend = 0.04). The polyphenols with the strongest inverse associations were flavanols (HR = 0.40; CI 0.23-0.72; P-trend = 0.003), lignans (HR = 0.51; CI 0.30-0.86; P-trend = 0.007), and hydroxybenzoic acids (HR = 0.47; CI 0.26-0.86; P-trend 0.02). CONCLUSION Greater intake of polyphenols, especially from lignans, flavanols, and hydroxybenzoic acids, was associated with decreased CVD risk. Clinical trials are needed to confirm this effect and establish accurate dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - E B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Medina-Remón
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - M A Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - R de la Torre
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - E Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - F Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - M Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - E Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - X Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, FIPEC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G T Saez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Basora
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Reus, Spain
| | - J V Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Valencian Institute of Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Vinyoles
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; La Mina Primary Care Center, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Nutrition and Lipids Metabolism, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain.
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113
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Rimm EB, Medina-Remón A, Martínez-González MA, López-Sabater MC, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Gea A, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Polyphenol intake and mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial. BMC Med 2014; 12:77. [PMID: 24886552 PMCID: PMC4102266 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their beneficial effects on blood pressure, lipids and insulin resistance. However, no previous epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between the intake of total polyphenols intake and polyphenol subclasses with overall mortality. Our aim was to evaluate whether polyphenol intake is associated with all-cause mortality in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS We used data from the PREDIMED study, a 7,447-participant, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter, controlled five-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean Diet in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from repeated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) with the Phenol-Explorer database on the polyphenol content of each reported food. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between polyphenol intake and mortality were estimated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Over an average of 4.8 years of follow-up, we observed 327 deaths. After multivariate adjustment, we found a 37% relative reduction in all-cause mortality comparing the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total polyphenol intake (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.12). Among the polyphenol subclasses, stilbenes and lignans were significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR =0.48; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.91; P for trend = 0.04 and HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.03, respectively), with no significant associations apparent in the rest (flavonoids or phenolic acids). CONCLUSIONS Among high-risk subjects, those who reported a high polyphenol intake, especially of stilbenes and lignans, showed a reduced risk of overall mortality compared to those with lower intakes. These results may be useful to determine optimal polyphenol intake or specific food sources of polyphenols that may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Medina-Remón
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Covas
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, IISPV, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Txangorritxu, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Emili Ros
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, FIPEC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Primary Care Division Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Nutrition and Lipids Metabolism, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Institute of Health “Carlos III”, Government of Spain, Madrid, Spain
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114
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Limón RI, Peñas E, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frias J. Role of elicitation on the health-promoting properties of kidney bean sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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115
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Rebello CJ, Greenway FL, Finley JW. A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities. Obes Rev 2014; 15:392-407. [PMID: 24433379 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the proportion of overweight and obese people in the United States has grown at an alarming rate. An awareness of the consequences of obesity on the health and well-being of individuals is evident in the plethora of strategic plans at the local and national levels, most of which have largely fallen short of their goals. If interventions continue to be unsuccessful, it is estimated that approximately three of four Americans will be overweight or obese by 2020. Prevention of excess weight gain can be accomplished with relatively small changes in lifestyle behaviours to control body weight. Small sustainable changes are perhaps better than efforts to achieve larger changes that cannot be sustained. Legumes can be a valuable food by which the needs of the undernourished or under-served populations could be met. They can be incorporated into meat products, such as sausages and burgers, to lower the energy density of these foods while providing important nutrients. Replacing energy-dense foods with legumes has been shown to have beneficial effects on the prevention and management of obesity and related disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. This review explores the nutritional value and obesity-related health benefits of legume consumption while focusing on pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Rebello
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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116
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de Bem GF, da Costa CA, de Oliveira PRB, Cordeiro VSC, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, Souza MAV, Ognibene DT, Daleprane JB, Sousa PJC, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Protective effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart (açaí) extract on programmed changes in the adult rat offspring caused by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1328-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study examined the effect of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) on cardiovascular and renal alterations in adult offspring, whose mothers were fed a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy.
Methods
Four groups of rats were fed: control diet (20% protein); ASE (200 mg/kg per day); and LP (6% protein); LP + ASE (6% protein + ASE) during pregnancy. After weaning, all male offspring were fed a control diet and sacrificed at 4 months old. We evaluated the blood pressure, vascular function, serum and urinary parameters, plasma and kidney oxidative damage, and antioxidant activity and renal structural changes.
Key findings
Hypertension and the reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the LP group were prevented by ASE. Serum levels of urea, creatinine and fractional excretion of sodium were increased in LP and reduced in LP + ASE. ASE improved nitrite levels and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in LP, with a corresponding decrease of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. Kidney volume and glomeruli number were reduced and glomerular volume was increased in LP. These renal alterations were prevented by ASE.
Conclusions
Treatment of protein-restricted dams with ASE provides protection from later-life hypertension, oxidative stress, renal functional and structural changes, probably through a vasodilator and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayane Texeira Ognibene
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
The endothelium, a highly active structure, regulates vascular homeostasis through the release of numerous vasoactive factors that control vascular tone and vascular smooth cell proliferation. A larger number of medicinal plants and their isolated chemical constituents have been shown to beneficially affect the endothelium. For example, flavonoids in black tea, green tea, and concord grape cause a vasodilation possibly through their antioxidant properties. Allicin, a by-product of the enzyme alliinase, has been proposed to be the main active metabolite and responsible for most of the biological activities of garlic, including a dose-dependent dilation on the isolated coronaries. Thymoquinone, the principal phytochemical compound found in the volatile oil of the black seed, and the hawthorn extract have also been shown to improve aging-related impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations in animal models. In this review, the effect of some of the natural products, including Camellia sinensis (black tea and green tea), Vitis labrusca (concord grape), Allium sativum (garlic), and Nigella sativa (black seed) and Crataegus ssp (hawthorn extract), is explored. The molecular mechanisms behind these potential therapeutic effects are also discussed.
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Cáceres PJ, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Amigo L, Frias J. Maximising the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Ecuadorian brown rice sprouts through optimal germination conditions. Food Chem 2013; 152:407-14. [PMID: 24444955 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Germinated brown rice (GBR) is considered a healthy alternative to white rice in the fight against chronic diseases. As the functional quality of GBR depends on genotype and germination conditions, the objectives were to identify suitable Ecuadorian brown rice cultivars and optimal germination time and temperature to maximise γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), total phenolics compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity of GBR. Regression models for the prediction of phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity in GBR were also obtained. Germination improved GABA, TPC and antioxidant activity in all cultivars. Maximum GABA and antioxidant activity were attained at 34 °C for 96 h, while the highest TPC was found at 28 °C for 96 h in all cultivars. GBR cv. GO displayed the highest antioxidant activity and cv. 15 was the most effective at accumulating GABA and TPC in the optimal germination conditions. Therefore, Ecuadorian GBR could be used for the preparation of functional foods serving as preventative strategies in combating chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio J Cáceres
- Technical High School of the Litoral (ESPOL), Campus Gustavo Galindo Velasco, km 30, 5 Vía Perimetral, 09-01-5863 Guayaquil, Ecuador; Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Amigo
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Frias
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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119
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Nutraceutical value of black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. fruits: antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. Molecules 2013; 18:14597-612. [PMID: 24287993 PMCID: PMC6270007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mexico black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) fruits are consumed fresh, dried or prepared in jam. Considering the evidence that has linked intake of fruits and vegetables rich in polyphenols to cardiovascular risk reduction, the aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic profile of black cherry fruits and to determine their antioxidant, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects. The proximate composition and mineral contents of these fruits were also assessed. Black cherry fruits possess a high content of phenolic compounds and display a significant antioxidant capacity. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis indicated that hyperoside, anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid were the main phenolic compounds found in these fruits. The black cherry aqueous extract elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation of aortic rings and induced a significant reduction on systolic blood pressure in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats after four weeks of treatment. Proximate analysis showed that black cherry fruits have high sugar, protein, and potassium contents. The results derived from this study indicate that black cherry fruits contain phenolic compounds which elicit significant antioxidant and antihypertensive effects. These findings suggest that these fruits might be considered as functional foods useful for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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120
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Mangoni AA, Stockley CS, Woodman RJ. Effects of red wine on established markers of arterial structure and function in human studies: current knowledge and future research directions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2013; 6:613-25. [PMID: 24164610 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2013.841077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from observational studies suggests that mild-to-moderate consumption of red wine is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Various individual chemical components of red wine also show salutary effects on vascular homeostasis, that is, enhanced endothelial function and arterial distensibility, both in vitro and in animal studies. However, testing the beneficial potential of red wine in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention on established surrogate cardiovascular markers requires further study with longer term intervention trials. This report reviews and critically appraises the published evidence for the effects of red wine on endothelium-dependent vasodilation, arterial stiffness and arterial wave reflections in healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular disease. Suggestions for future research directions are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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121
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Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds found in foods such as tea, coffee, cocoa, olive oil, and red wine and have been studied to determine if their intake may modify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Historically, biologic actions of polyphenols have been attributed to antioxidant activities, but recent evidence suggests that immunomodulatory and vasodilatory properties of polyphenols may also contribute to CVD risk reduction. These properties will be discussed, and recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials will be reviewed. Further identification of polyphenols in foods and accurate assessment of exposures through measurement of biomarkers (i.e., polyphenol metabolites) could provide the needed impetus to examine the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on CVD intermediate outcomes (especially those signifying chronic inflammation) and hard endpoints among high risk patients. Although we have mechanistic insight into how polyphenols may function in CVD risk reduction, further research is needed before definitive recommendations for consumption can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Tangney
- Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren, Ste 425, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
This review reappraises dietary advice to reduce and replace SFA for the prevention of CVD. In the 1970s, SFA accounted for about 18% UK food energy, by 2001 it had fallen to 13% and continues to be above the <11% target. Compared with carbohydrates, C12–C16 SFA raise serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) without affecting the TC:HDL-C ratio; other SFA have neutral effects on the fasting lipid profile. Replacing 3% dietary SFA with MUFA or PUFA lowers LDL-C by 2% and TC:HDL-C ratio by 0·03. No other specific adverse effects of SFA compared with MUFA on risk CVD factors have been proven. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies report the relative risks (95% CI) of high v. low intakes of SFA to be 1·07 (0·96, 1·19) for CHD, 0·81 (0·62, 1·05) for stroke and 1·00 (0·89, 1·11) for CVD mortality and were not statistically significant. Exchanging 5% energy SFA for PUFA or carbohydrates found hazard ratios (95% CI) for CHD death to be 26% (−23, −3) and 4% (−18, 12; NS) lower, respectively. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with clinical endpoints reports mean reductions (95% CI) of 14% (4, 23) in CHD incidence and 6% (−25, 4; NS) in mortality in trials, where SFA was lowered by decreasing and/or modifying dietary fat. In conclusion, SFA intakes are now close to guideline amounts and further reductions may only have a minor impact on CVD.
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Sanders TAB, Lewis FJ, Goff LM, Chowienczyk PJ. SFAs do not impair endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:677-83. [PMID: 23964054 PMCID: PMC3743730 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.063644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether saturated fatty acids (SFAs) impair endothelial function and contribute to arterial stiffening. OBJECTIVE We tested the effects of replacing SFAs with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or carbohydrates on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. DESIGN With the use of a parallel-designed randomized controlled trial in 121 insulin-resistant men and women, we measured vascular function after 1 mo of consumption of a high-SFA (HS) diet and after 24 wk after random assignment to the HS diet or diets that contained <10% SFAs and were high in either MUFAs or carbohydrates. The primary outcome was a change in flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and secondary outcomes were changes in carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and plasma 8-isoprostane F2α-III concentrations. RESULTS For 112 participants with data available for analysis on the specified outcomes, no significant differences were shown. FMD with the HS reference diet was 6.7 ± 2.2%, and changes (95% CIs) after 6 mo of intervention were +0.3 (-0.4, 1.1), -0.2 (-0.8, 0.5), and -0.1 (-0.6, 0.7) with HS, high-MUFA (HM), and high-carbohydrate (HC) diets, respectively. After consumption of the HS reference diet, the geometric mean (±SD) PWV was 7.67 ± 1.62 m/s, and mean percentages of changes (95% CIs) were -1.0 (-6.2, 4.3) with the HS diet, 2.7 (-1.4, 6.9) with the HM diet, and -1.0 (-5.5, 3.4) with the HC diet. With the HS reference diet, the geometric mean (±SD) plasma 8-isoprostane F2α-III concentration was 176 ± 85 pmol/L, and mean percentage of changes (95% CIs) were 1 (-12, 14) with the HS diet, 6 (-5, 16) with the HM diet, and 4 (-7, 16) with the HC diet. CONCLUSION The replacement of SFAs with MUFAs or carbohydrates in healthy subjects does not affect vascular function. This trial was registered at Current Controlled Trials (http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN) as ISRCTN 29111298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A B Sanders
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Vyas P, Kalidindi S, Chibrikova L, Igamberdiev AU, Weber JT. Chemical analysis and effect of blueberry and lingonberry fruits and leaves against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7769-76. [PMID: 23875756 DOI: 10.1021/jf401158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a large class of phytochemicals that are widespread in the plant kingdom and known to have antioxidant capacities. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacities as well as the content of total soluble phenolics, anthocyanins, tannins, and flavonoids in the fruits and leaves of blueberries and lingonberries growing in Newfoundland. This study also determined the potential neuroprotective effect of extracts from fruits and leaves against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which is believed to contribute to disorders such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Lingonberry and blueberry plants were found to be rich sources of phenolic compounds. Total antioxidant capacities in terms of radical scavenging activity and reducing power were much higher in leaves of both plants as compared to their fruits. These results were in correlation with phenolic contents including total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. Brain-derived cell cultures from rats were prepared and grown for about 2 weeks. Cell cultures were treated with glutamate (100 μM) for 24 h, and the effect of extracts was determined on cells subjected to this excitotoxicity. Glutamate treatment caused approximately 23% cell loss when measured after 24 h of exposure. Whereas lingonberry fruit extract did not provide protection from glutamate toxicity, blueberry fruit extracts were extremely protective. Leaf extracts of both lingonberry and blueberry showed a significant neuroprotective effect. The greater protective effect of leaf extracts was in correlation with the levels of phenolics and antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that berries or their components may contribute to protecting the brain from various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Vyas
- Department of Biology and ‡School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3V6
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Romano B, Pagano E, Montanaro V, Fortunato AL, Milic N, Borrelli F. Novel Insights into the Pharmacology of Flavonoids. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1588-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Romano
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Vittorino Montanaro
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Naples Federico II; via Pansini 5 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso L. Fortunato
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
| | - Natasa Milic
- Department of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad; Hajduk Veljkova, 3 21000 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Urology; University of Naples Federico II; via D. Montesano 49 80131 Naples Italy
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126
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Estrela JM, Ortega A, Mena S, Rodriguez ML, Asensi M. Pterostilbene: Biomedical applications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2013; 50:65-78. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2013.805182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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127
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Modulation of immune function by polyphenols: possible contribution of epigenetic factors. Nutrients 2013; 5:2314-32. [PMID: 23812304 PMCID: PMC3738975 DOI: 10.3390/nu5072314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biological activities have been described for polyphenolic compounds, including a modulator effect on the immune system. The effects of these biologically active compounds on the immune system are associated to processes as differentiation and activation of immune cells. Among the mechanisms associated to immune regulation are epigenetic modifications as DNA methylation of regulatory sequences, histone modifications and posttranscriptional repression by microRNAs that influences the gene expression of key players involved in the immune response. Considering that polyphenols are able to regulate the immune function and has been also demonstrated an effect on epigenetic mechanisms, it is possible to hypothesize that there exists a mediator role of epigenetic mechanisms in the modulation of the immune response by polyphenols.
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128
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Surai PF. Polyphenol compounds in the chicken/animal diet: from the past to the future. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:19-31. [PMID: 23527581 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal feed provides a range of antioxidants that help the body building an integrated antioxidant system responsible for a prevention of damaging effects of free radicals and products of their metabolism. Vitamin E is considered to be the main chain-breaking antioxidant located in the membranes and effectively protecting them against lipid peroxidation. Recently, various polyphenol compounds, especially flavonoids, have received substantial attention because of their antioxidant activities in various in vitro systems. However, it was shown that flavonoid compounds are poorly absorbed in the gut and their concentrations in target tissues are too low to perform an effective antioxidant defences. The aim of the present paper is to review existing evidence about possible roles of various plant extracts provided with the diet in animal/poultry nutrition with a specific emphasis to their antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Surai
- Feed-Food Ltd, Ayr, UK; Scottish Agricultural College, Ayr, UK; Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
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