101
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Mata D, Bejarano D, Botero M, Lozano P, Constantí M, Katakis I. Screen-printed integrated microsystem for the electrochemical detection of pathogens. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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102
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Abstract
Most procedures for detecting pathogens in liquid media require an initial concentration step. However, poor recovery efficiencies of conventional methods, such as filtration, often lead to low sensitivity. Here, we describe a strategy for concentrating bacteria using their binding affinity for an oligoacyllysine (OAK), a novel peptide-mimetic antimicrobial compound. We show that the resin-linked OAK (ROAK) efficiently captures a variety of pathogens in different media, upon brief incubation with ROAK beads or after continuous flow through a ROAK-packed column. Using Escherichia coli expressing green fluorescent protein, we show that binding occurs rapidly during incubation and persists after filtration as visualized by confocal microscopy. The high binding affinity of bacteria was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance technology using an OAK-linked chip. ROAK-bound bacteria remained viable and were readily identifiable by real-time PCR after ethanol elution. A single ROAK bead is estimated to capture about 3,000 bacterial cells in culture medium, in contaminated saline or tap water. ROAK beads can be regenerated for multiple uses after brief ethanol treatment. Collectively, the data support the notion that OAK-based coating of polymeric surfaces might represent a useful means for medium filtration as well as for concentration of bacteria.
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103
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MESTER PATRICK, WAGNER MARTIN, ROSSMANITH PETER. Use of Ionic Liquid–Based Extraction for Recovery of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes from Food Matrices. J Food Prot 2010; 73:680-7. [DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.4.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methods for rapid separation (<5 h) and concentration of bacteria based on solubilization of complex food matrices have been developed recently to facilitate rapid molecular detection methods. However, a major disadvantage of these protocols is the resulting lack of viability of the microorganisms under study due to extensive use of chemicals and enzymes, which can inhibit subsequent quantitative microbiological analyses. In this study, a new class of organic salts, ionic liquids, were used for solubilization of various foodstuffs, with subsequent molecular and microbiological quantification methods. This approach was applied to gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes and gram-negative Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. By introducing the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate into an existing food solubilization protocol, both molecular and microbiological quantification methods could be used subsequently without losing performance or prolonging the analysis. These experiments resulted in an average recovery of 87% of inoculated bacterial cells with real-time PCR, 85% recovery on nonselective agar plates, and 43% on selective medium. These results illustrate the feasibility of applying ionic liquids in sample pretreatment steps for rapid detection and quantification of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- PATRICK MESTER
- 1Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Food Analytics, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - MARTIN WAGNER
- 2Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - PETER ROSSMANITH
- 1Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Food Analytics, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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104
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Zhang F, Li H, Wang X, Low HY, Li X. Hierarchically imprinted polymer substrates for enhanced attachment of Escherichia coli. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 343:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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105
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Strauss J, Kadilak A, Cronin C, Mello CM, Camesano TA. Binding, inactivation, and adhesion forces between antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1 and pathogenic E. coli. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 75:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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106
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Mayrl E, Roeder B, Mester P, Wagner M, Rossmanith P. Broad range evaluation of the matrix solubilization (matrix lysis) strategy for direct enumeration of foodborne pathogens by nucleic acids technologies. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1225-33. [PMID: 19610333 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.6.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A previously published rapid (<5 h) proof-of-concept protocol for the concentration of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes from milk, based on the solubilization of the food matrix, was further evaluated. The original protocol was modified to detect gram-negative and other gram-positive bacteria and to broaden the range of food matrices by using Lutensol instead of sodium dodecyl sulfate as the main detergent in the buffer. A new protocol using a protease and sucrose buffer was established for the analysis of meat and fish. Matrix lysis was used for dairy products, ice cream, milk, fish, meat, eggs, and blood. Solubilization of the foodstuffs resulted in bacterial pellets of reasonable size for further quantification. Using L. monocytogenes, Staphylococccus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium as model organisms, microscopic analysis of the remaining bacterial pellets revealed that the recovered bacteria remained physically intact, albeit their viability was compromised. In model experiments using free DNA, the free target DNA was reduced by 5 log units. The compatibility of matrix lysis with subsequent real-time PCR analysis has been demonstrated with salmon, chicken, egg, ice cream, cheese, and blood samples that were artificially contaminated with L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium. These experiments resulted in an average recovery of 48.7% (relative standard error, 83.4%) of the inoculated bacterial cells with the real-time PCR assay. The average detection limit of the method was 7.3 CFU/ml for all examined foodstuffs and bacterial target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mayrl
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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107
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Abstract
Optical biosensors have begun to move from the laboratory to the point of use. This trend will be accelerated by new concepts for molecular recognition, integration of microfluidics and optics, simplified fabrication technologies, improved approaches to biosensor system integration, and dramatically increased awareness of the applicability of sensor technology to improve public health and environmental monitoring. Examples of innovations are identified that will lead to smaller, faster, cheaper optical biosensor systems with capacity to provide effective and actionable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S Ligler
- Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, 455 Overlook Avenue South West, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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108
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Taitt CR, North SH, Kulagina NV. Antimicrobial peptide arrays for detection of inactivated biothreat agents. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 570:233-255. [PMID: 19649597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-394-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of immobilized antimicrobial peptides are used to detect bacterial, viral, and rickettsial pathogens, including inactivated biothreat agents. These arrays differ from the many combinatorial peptide arrays described in the literature in that the peptides used here have naturally evolved to interact with and disrupt microbial membranes with high affinity but broad specificity. The interaction of these naturally occurring peptides with membranes of pathogens has been harnessed for the purpose of detection, with immobilized antimicrobial peptides acting as "capture" molecules in detection assays. Methods are presented for immobilizing the antimicrobial peptides in planar arrays, performing direct and sandwich assays, and detecting bound targets.
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109
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Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Ngundi MM, Ligler FS. Array Biosensor for Toxin Detection: Continued Advances. SENSORS 2008; 8:8361-8377. [PMID: 27873991 PMCID: PMC3791022 DOI: 10.3390/s8128361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The following review focuses on progress made in the last five years with the NRL Array Biosensor, a portable instrument for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple targets. Since 2003, the Array Biosensor has been automated and miniaturized for operation at the point-of-use. The Array Biosensor has also been used to demonstrate (1) quantitative immunoassays against an expanded number of toxins and toxin indicators in food and clinical fluids, and (2) the efficacy of semi-selective molecules as alternative recognition moieties. Blind trials, with unknown samples in a variety of matrices, have demonstrated the versatility, sensitivity, and reliability of the automated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rowe Taitt
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
| | - Lisa C Shriver-Lake
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
| | - Miriam M Ngundi
- Food and Drug Administration, N29 RM418 HFM-434, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA.
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110
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The effects of solution structure on the surface conformation and orientation of a cysteine-terminated antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 67:157-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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111
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Leevy WM, Lambert TN, Johnson JR, Morris J, Smith BD. Quantum dot probes for bacteria distinguish Escherichia coli mutants and permit in vivo imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2331-3. [PMID: 18473060 PMCID: PMC2847773 DOI: 10.1039/b803590c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent quantum dots coated with zinc(ii)-dipicolylamine coordination complexes can selectively stain a rough Escherichia coli mutant that lacks an O-antigen element and permit optical detection in a living mouse leg infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Matthew Leevy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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112
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Geng P, Zhang X, Meng W, Wang Q, Zhang W, Jin L, Feng Z, Wu Z. Self-assembled monolayers-based immunosensor for detection of Escherichia coli using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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113
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Cy5 labeled antimicrobial peptides for enhanced detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1721-7. [PMID: 18378438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescently labeled antimicrobial peptides were evaluated as a potential replacement of labeled antibodies in a sandwich assay for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Antimicrobial peptides naturally bind to the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell walls as part of their mode of action. Because of their small size relative to antibodies peptides can bind to cell surfaces with greater density, thereby increasing the optical signal and improving sensitivity. This method combines the specificity of a capture antibody with the increased sensitivity provided by using a labeled peptide as a detection molecule. The antimicrobial peptides cecropin P1, SMAP29, and PGQ were labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5 via maleimide linker chemistry. Preliminary screening using a whole-cell solution binding assay revealed that Cy5 cecropin P1 enhanced the detection of E. coli O157:H7 relative to a Cy5 labeled anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody 10-fold. Detection sensitivity of antibody and peptide were also compared with a prototype immuno-magnetic bead biosensor. Detection using Cy5 cecropin P1 resulted in a 10-fold improvement in sensitivity. Correlation of peptide antimicrobial activity with detection of E. coli O157:H7 indicated that activity was not predictive of the sensitivity of the fluorescent assay.
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114
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115
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Antimicrobial Peptides: New Recognition Molecules for Detecting Botulinum Toxins. SENSORS 2007; 7:2808-2824. [PMID: 28903262 PMCID: PMC3965214 DOI: 10.3390/s7112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for protection against harmful microbes. The present study describes detection of botulinum neurotoxoids A, B and E using AMPs as recognition elements in an array biosensor. While AMP affinities were similar to those for anti-botulinum antibodies, differences in binding patterns were observed and can potentially be used for identification of toxoid serotype. Furthermore, some AMPs also demonstrated superior detection sensitivity compared to antibodies: toxoid A could be detected at 3.5 LD50 of the active toxin in a 75-min assay, whereas toxoids B and E were detected at 14 and 80 LD50 for their respective toxins.
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116
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Rapid detection of Escherichia coli by flow injection analysis coupled with amperometric method using an IrO2–Pd chemically modified electrode. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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117
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Rossmanith P, Süss B, Wagner M, Hein I. Development of matrix lysis for concentration of gram positive bacteria from food and blood. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 69:504-11. [PMID: 17462766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of a fast, reliable and inexpensive protocol for the concentration of bacteria from food by the removal of fat, carbohydrates and proteins that is compatible with downstream alternative DNA-based quantification methods is described. The protocol was used for dairy products, cooked and smoked fish and meat, carbohydrate-rich cooked products, ready-to-eat sauces, egg and blood. Lysis resulted in pellets of reasonable size for further processing. Starch, plant materials, fungi, tissues such as sinew, and chalaza could not be dissolved. Using L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and B. cereus as model organisms, microscopic analysis of the remaining bacterial pellets revealed that the recovered bacteria remained physically intact, albeit that the viability of the cells was compromised. Using real-time PCR, 7.3 CFU of L. monocytogenes were detected in artificially contaminated ultra-high temperature treated (UHT) milk and raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rossmanith
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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118
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Johnson-White B, Lin B, Ligler FS. Combination of immunosensor detection with viability testing and confirmation using the polymerase chain reaction and culture. Anal Chem 2007; 79:140-6. [PMID: 17194131 DOI: 10.1021/ac061229l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate differential determination of viable versus nonviable microbes is critical for formulation of an appropriate response after pathogen detection. Sensors for rapid bacterial identification can be used for applications ranging from environmental monitoring and homeland defense to food process monitoring, but few provide viability information. This study combines the rapid screening capability of the array biosensor using an immunoassay format with methods for determination of viability. Additionally, cells captured by the immobilized antibodies can be cultured following fluorescence imaging to further confirm viability and for cell population expansion for further characterization, e.g., strain identification or antibiotic susceptibility testing. Finally, we demonstrate analysis of captured bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR results for waveguide-captured cells were 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the fluorescence immunoassay and can also provide additional genetic information on the captured microbes. These approaches can be used to rapidly detect and distinguish viable versus nonviable and pathogenic versus nonpathogenic captured organisms, provide culture materials for further analysis on a shorter time scale, and assess the efficacy of decontamination or sterilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Johnson-White
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-0001, USA
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119
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Ligler FS, Sapsford KE, Golden JP, Shriver-Lake LC, Taitt CR, Dyer MA, Barone S, Myatt CJ. The array biosensor: portable, automated systems. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:5-10. [PMID: 17213615 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in surface chemistry, microfluidics, and data analysis, there are ever increasing reports of array-based methods for detecting and quantifying multiple targets. However, only a few systems have been described that require minimal preparation of complex samples and possess a means of quantitatively assessing matrix effects. The NRL Array Biosensor has been developed with the goal of rapid and sensitive detection of multiple targets from multiple samples analyzed simultaneously. A key characteristic of this system is its two-dimensional configuration, which allows controls and standards to be analyzed in parallel with unknowns. Although the majority of our work has focused on instrument automation and immunoassay development, we have recently initiated efforts to utilize alternative recognition molecules, such as peptides and sugars, for detection of a wider variety of targets. The array biosensor has demonstrated utility for a variety of applications, including food safety, disease diagnosis, monitoring immune response, and homeland security, and is presently being transitioned to the commercial sector for manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S Ligler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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120
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Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 spiked into food matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 584:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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121
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Kulagina NV, Shaffer KM, Anderson GP, Ligler FS, Taitt CR. Antimicrobial peptide-based array for Escherichia coli and Salmonella screening. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575:9-15. [PMID: 17723565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous bacteria, plants, and higher organisms produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as part of their innate immune system, providing a chemical defense mechanism against microbial invasion. Many AMPs exert their antimicrobial activity by binding to components of the microbe's surface and disrupting the membrane. The goal of this study was to incorporate AMPs into screening assays for detection of pathogenic species. Surface-immobilized AMPs such as polymyxins B and E could be used to detect Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in two assay formats: direct and sandwich. Both types of assay confirmed that the peptides were immobilized in active form and could bind cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell binding to the AMPs was peptide-density dependent. This method for monitoring pathogen binding was extended to include other cationic AMPs such as cecropin A, magainin I and parasin. Detection limits (LODs) for E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium obtained with AMPs during sandwich assays were in the ranges of 5x10(4) to 5x10(5) and 1x10(5) to 5x10(6)cells mL(-1), respectively. The different AMPs showed significantly different affinities for the two bacterial species; the potential for classification of pathogens based on different binding patterns to AMPs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Kulagina
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Code 6900, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5348, USA
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122
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Moreno-Bondi MC, Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Ligler FS. Multiplexed measurement of serum antibodies using an array biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1880-6. [PMID: 16434176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The array biosensor provides the capability for simultaneously measuring titers of antibody against multiple antigens. Human antibodies against four different targets, tetanus toxin, diphtheria toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and hepatitis B, were measured simultaneously in sera from eight different donors in a single assay and titers were determined. The assays could measure amounts of bound antibody as low as approximately 100 fg. Each individual serum exhibited a different pattern of reactivity against the four target antigens. Applications of this biosensor capability include monitoring for exposure to pathogens and for efficacy of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Moreno-Bondi
- Department Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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