101
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Jiang L, Gu S, Ding Y, Jiang F, Zhang Z. Facile and novel electrochemical preparation of a graphene-transition metal oxide nanocomposite for ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen and phenacetin. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:207-214. [PMID: 24201458 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03620k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A facile and novel preparation strategy based on electrochemical techniques for the fabrication of electrodeposited graphene (EGR) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite was developed. The morphology and structure of the EGR-based nanocomposite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite was demonstrated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Due to the synergistic effect of EGR and ZnO nanoparticles, an ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen (AC) and phenacetin (PCT) was successfully fabricated. The linearity ranged from 0.02 to 10 μM for AC and 0.06 to 10 μM for PCT with high sensitivities of 54,295.82 μA mM(-1) cm(2) for AC and 21,344.66 μA mM(-1) cm(2) for PCT, respectively. Moreover, the practical applicability was validated to be reliable and desirable in pharmaceutical detections. The excellent results showed the promise of the proposed preparation strategy of EGR-transition metal oxide nanocomposite in the field of electroanalytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.
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102
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Liu X, Zhu H, Yang X. An electrochemical sensor for dopamine based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) functionalized with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45234d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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103
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Ma J, Xue T, Qin X. Sugar-derived carbon/graphene composite materials as electrodes for supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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104
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Banitaba MH, Hosseiny Davarani SS, Kazemi Movahed S. Comparison of direct, headspace and headspace cold fiber modes in solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a new coating based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide composite. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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105
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Movahed SK, Esmatpoursalmani R, Bazgir A. N-Heterocyclic carbene palladium complex supported on ionic liquid-modified graphene oxide as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for Suzuki reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene Pd complex immobilized on GO with an ionic liquid framework synthesized by the modification of GO through a silylation reaction displayed a high catalytic activity in the Suzuki reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayoob Bazgir
- Shahid Beheshti University
- Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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106
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Dong S, Li N, Suo G, Huang T. Inorganic/Organic Doped Carbon Aerogels As Biosensing Materials for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11739-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4015098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheying Dong
- College
of Sciences, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- College
of Sciences, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaochao Suo
- College
of Sciences, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi′an 710055, People’s Republic of China
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107
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Graphene–epoxy composite electrode fabricated by in situ polycondensation for enhanced amperometric detection in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1316:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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108
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Loo AH, Bonanni A, Pumera M. Inherently electroactive graphene oxide nanoplatelets as labels for specific protein-target recognition. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7844-7848. [PMID: 23846404 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene related materials have been widely employed as highly efficient transducers for biorecognition. Here we show a conceptually new approach of using graphene oxide nanoplatelets (50 × 50 nm) as voltammetric inherently active labels for specific protein-target molecule recognition. This proof-of-principle is demonstrated by biotin-avidin recognition, which displays that graphene oxide nanoplatelet labels show excellent selectivity. Therefore, it is expected that inherently electroactive graphene oxide nanoplatelet labels will play a similar role as electroactive gold nanoparticle labels which were developed more than a decade ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Huiling Loo
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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109
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Microchip bioreactors based on trypsin-immobilized graphene oxide-poly(urea-formaldehyde) composite coating for efficient peptide mapping. Talanta 2013; 117:119-26. [PMID: 24209319 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin was covalently immobilized to graphene oxide (GO)-poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) composite coated on the channel wall of poly(methyl methacrylate) microchips to fabricate microfluidic bioreactors for highly efficient proteolysis. A mixture solution containing urea-formaldehyde prepolymer and GO nanosheets was allowed to flow through the channels. The modification layer on the channel wall could further polycondense to form GO-PUF composite coating in the presence of ammonium chloride. The primary amino groups of trypsin could react with the carboxyl groups of the GO sheets in the coating with the aid of carboxyl activating agents to realize covalent immobilization. The feasibility and performance of the novel GO-based microchip bioreactors were demonstrated by the digestion of bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, ovalbumin, and myoglobin. The digestion time was significantly reduced to less than 5s. The obtained digests were identified by MALDI-TOF MS with satisfactory sequence coverages that were comparable to those obtained by using 12-h in-solution digestion. The present proteolysis strategy is simple and efficient, offering great promise for high-throughput protein identification.
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110
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Bao H, Zhang L, Chen G. Immobilization of trypsin via graphene oxide-silica composite for efficient microchip proteolysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1310:74-81. [PMID: 23998335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this report, trypsin was covalently immobilized in the graphene oxide (GO)-silica composite coating on the channel wall of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microchips to fabricate microfluidic bioreactors for highly efficient proteolysis. A mixture solution containing GO nanosheets and silica gel was injected into the channels to form coating. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide were used as carboxyl activating agents to crosslink the primary amino groups of trypsin to the carboxyl groups of the entrapped GO sheets in the composite to realize covalent immobilization. The feasibility and performance of the novel GO-based microfluidic bioreactors were demonstrated by the digestion of hemoglobin (HEM), cytochrome c (Cyt-c), myoglobin (MYO), and ovalbumin (OVA) and the digestion time was significantly reduced to 5s. The obtained digests were identified by MALDI-TOF MS with the sequence coverages of 95%, 76%, 69%, and 55% for HEM, Cyt-c, MYO, and OVA, respectively. The suitability of the prepared bioreactors to complex proteins was demonstrated by digesting human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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111
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Eng AYS, Ambrosi A, Chua CK, Šaněk F, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Unusual Inherent Electrochemistry of Graphene Oxides Prepared Using Permanganate Oxidants. Chemistry 2013; 19:12673-83. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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112
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Benítez-Martínez S, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Graphene nanoparticles as pseudostationary phase for the electrokinetic separation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2561-7. [PMID: 23775526 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional properties of graphene (G) were exploited here to facilitate capillary electrokinetic separations. Two types of commercially available G consisting of nanoparticles containing-one to three and-four to six G sheets, respectively, were compared for this purpose. Both proved effective in separating the arylpropyl derivatives of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The highest resolution and shortest migration times were obtained with G containing high amount of single and double G nanosheets. G affords higher resolution than other types of nanoparticles; stable suspensions can be easily prepared and used as BGE without the need of adding an additional surfactant. This results in a high reproducibility in migration times and stability in background noise. The LOD and LOQ obtained by using G nanoparticles as pseudostationary phases spanned the range 0.29-1.18 mg/L and 0.95-3.95 mg/L, respectively, and the RSD was less than 4.7% in all instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Benítez-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
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113
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Bioinspired polydopamine as the scaffold for the active AuNPs anchoring and the chemical simultaneously reduced graphene oxide: characterization and the enhanced biosensing application. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:466-71. [PMID: 23811480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here an efficient approach to enhance the performance of biosensing platform based on graphene or graphene derivate. Initially, graphene oxides (GO) nanosheets were reduced and surface functionalized by one-step oxidative polymerization of dopamine in basic solution at environment friendly condition to obtain the polydopamine (Pdop) modified reduced graphene oxides (PDRGO). The bioinspired surface was further used as a support to anchor active gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The morphology and structure of the as-prepared AuNPs/PDRGO nanocomposite were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Electrochemical studies demonstrate that the as-prepared AuNPs/PDRGO hybrid materials possess excellent electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of NADH at low potential (0.1 V vs. SCE) with the fast response (15s) and the broad linear range (5.0 × 10(-8)-4.2 × 10(-5)M). Thus, this AuNPs/PDRGO nanocomposite can be further used to fabricate a sensitive alcohol biosensor using alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), by simply incorporating the specific enzyme within the composite matrix with the aid of chitosan (Chit).
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114
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Loo AH, Bonanni A, Pumera M. Thrombin aptasensing with inherently electroactive graphene oxide nanoplatelets as labels. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:4758-4762. [PMID: 23604556 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its associated materials are commonly used as the transducing platform in biosensing. We propose a different approach for the application of graphene in biosensing. Here, we utilized graphene oxide nanoplatelets as the inherently electroactive labels for the aptasensing of thrombin. The basis of detection lies in the ability of graphene oxide to be electrochemically reduced, thereby providing a well-defined reduction wave; one graphene oxide nanoplatelet of dimension 50 × 50 nm can provide a reduction signal by accepting ~22,000 electrons. We demonstrate that by using graphene oxide nanoplatelets as an inherently electroactive label, we can detect thrombin in the concentration range of 3 pM-0.3 μM, with good selectivity of the aptamer towards interferences by bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulin G and avidin. Therefore, the inherently electroactive graphene oxide nanoplatelets are a material which can serve as an electroactive label, in a manner similar to metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Huiling Loo
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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115
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A New Dual-Signalling Electrochemical Sensing Strategy Based on Competitive Host-Guest Interaction of a β-Cyclodextrin/Poly(N-acetylaniline)/Graphene-Modified Electrode: Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Organic Pollutants. Chemistry 2013; 19:6368-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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116
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Zhang L, Yuan SM, Yang LM, Fang Z, Zhao GC. An enzymatic glucose biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with manganese dioxide nanowires. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-0968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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117
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Wujcik EK, Monty CN. Nanotechnology for implantable sensors: carbon nanotubes and graphene in medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:233-49. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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118
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Xu J, Zhang L, Chen G. Fabrication of a magnet-assisted alignment device for the amperometric detection of capillary electrophoresis using a carbon nanotube/polypropylene composite electrode. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2017-24. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Luyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
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119
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Sheng S, Liu S, Zhang L, Chen G. Graphene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) composite electrode fabricated by melt compounding for capillary electrophoretic determination of flavones in Cacumen platycladi. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:721-8. [PMID: 23355382 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this report, a graphene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) composite electrode was fabricated by melt compounding for the amperometric detection of capillary electrophoresis. The composite electrode was fabricated by packing a mixture of graphene and melted poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) in a piece of fused silica capillary under heat. The structure of the composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that graphene sheets were well dispersed in the composite to form an interconnected conducting network. The performance of this unique graphene-based detector has been demonstrated by separating and detecting rutin, quercitrin, kaempferol, and quercetin in Cacumen platycladi in combination with capillary electrophoresis. The four flavones have been well separated within 9 min in a 50-cm-long capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV using a 50 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 9.2). The graphene-based detector offered significantly lower operating potentials, substantially enhanced signal-to-noise characteristics, lower expense of operation, high resistance to surface fouling, and enhanced stability. It showed long-term stability and repeatability with relative standard deviations of <5% for the peak current (n = 15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P R China
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120
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Walcarius A, Minteer SD, Wang J, Lin Y, Merkoçi A. Nanomaterials for bio-functionalized electrodes: recent trends. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4878-4908. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20881h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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121
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122
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Qu W, Zhang L, Chen G. Magnetic loading of graphene-nickel nanoparticle hybrid for electrochemical sensing of carbohydrates. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 42:430-3. [PMID: 23246656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-nickel nanoparticle hybrid was prepared by the one-step far infrared-assisted reduction of graphene oxide and nickel (II) ions using hydrazine. It was loaded on the surface of a magnetic electrode for electrochemical sensing. The feasibility and performance of the novel electrode were demonstrated by measuring carbohydrates using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. It demonstrated that nickel nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of carbohydrates while graphene improved the electron transduction. The synergistic effect significantly enhanced the current response of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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123
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Qu W, Bao H, Zhang L, Chen G. Far-Infrared-Assisted Preparation of a Graphene-Nickel Nanoparticle Hybrid for the Enrichment of Proteins and Peptides. Chemistry 2012; 18:15746-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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124
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Sheng S, Liu S, Zhang L, Chen G. Facile Assembly of Graphene on Anion Exchange Resin Microspheres for Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing. Chem Asian J 2012; 8:191-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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125
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Bonanni A, Chua CK, Zhao G, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Inherently electroactive graphene oxide nanoplatelets as labels for single nucleotide polymorphism detection. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8546-51. [PMID: 22992186 DOI: 10.1021/nn301359y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene materials are being widely used in electrochemistry due to their versatility and excellent properties as platforms for biosensing. However, no records show the use of inherent redox properties of graphene oxide as a label for detection. Here for the first time we used graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs) as electroactive labels for DNA analysis. The working signal comes from the reduction of the oxygen-containing groups present on the surface of GONPs. The different ability of the graphene oxide nanoplatelets to conjugate to DNA hybrids obtained with complementary, noncomplementary, and one-mismatch sequences allows the discrimination of single-nucleotide polymorphism correlated with Alzheimer's disease. We believe that our findings are very important to open a new route in the use of graphene oxide in electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bonanni
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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126
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Sheng S, Zhang L, Chen G. Low-cost fabrication of graphene ball electrodes for the amperometric detection of capillary electrophoresis. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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127
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Abstract
Graphene has been widely explored for applications in electronics, sensors, actuators, catalysis and bio- or energy related systems. For these purposes, graphene materials usually have to be fabricated or assembled into desired micro-/nano-architectures for tuning and/or controlling their electrical, optical, mechanical, chemical or electrochemical properties. In this feature article, we review recent achievements in the studies of three-dimensional (3D) graphene architectures. The methodology for preparing these 3D graphene micro-/nano-architectures and their potential applications have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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