101
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Sitanurak J, Fukana N, Wongpakdee T, Thepchuay Y, Ratanawimarnwong N, Amornsakchai T, Nacapricha D. T-shirt ink for one-step screen-printing of hydrophobic barriers for 2D- and 3D-microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Talanta 2019; 205:120113. [PMID: 31450420 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fabric ink, commonly employed for screening t-shirts, as new and versatile material for printing hydrophobic barrier on paper substrate for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). Low-cost, screen-printing apparatus (e.g., screen mesh, squeegee, and printing table) and materials (e.g. PVC ink and solvent) were employed to print the PVC ink solution onto Whatman filter paper No. 4. This provides a one-step strategy to print flow barriers without the need of further processing except evaporation for 3-5 min in a fume hood to remove the solvent. The production of the single layer μPADs is reasonably high with up to 77 devices per screening with 100% success rate. This method produces very narrow fluidic channel 486 ± 14 μm in width and hydrophobic barrier of 642 ± 25 μm thickness. Reproducibility of the production of fluidic channels and zones is satisfactory with RSDs of 2.9% (for 486-μm channel, n = 10), 3.7% (for 2-mm channel, n = 50) and 1.5% (for 6-mm diameter circular zone, n = 80). A design of a 2D-μPAD produced by this method was employed for the colorimetric dual-measurements of thiocyanate and nitrite in saliva. A 3D-μPADs with multiple layers of ink-screened paper was designed and constructed to demonstrate the method's versatility. These 3D-μPADs were designed for gas-liquid separation with in-situ colorimetric detection of ethanol vapor on the μPADs. The 3D-μPADs were applied for direct quantification of ethanol in beverages and highly colored pharmaceutical products. The printed barrier was resistant up to 8% (v/v) ethanol without liquid creeping out of the barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Sitanurak
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nutnaree Fukana
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thinnapong Wongpakdee
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yanisa Thepchuay
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Taweechai Amornsakchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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102
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Fabrication of laser printed microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (LP-µPADs) for point-of-care applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7896. [PMID: 31133720 PMCID: PMC6536539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) have provided a breakthrough in portable and low-cost point-of-care diagnostics. Despite their significant scope, the complexity of fabrication and reliance on expensive and sophisticated tools, have limited their outreach and possibility of commercialization. Herein, we report for the first time, a facile method to fabricate µPADs using a commonly available laser printer which drastically reduces the cost and complexity of fabrication. Toner ink is used to pattern the µPADs by printing, without modifying any factory configuration of the laser printer. Hydrophobic barriers are created by heating the patterned paper which melts the toner ink, facilitating its wicking into the cross-section of the substrate. Further, we demonstrate the utilization of the fabricated device by performing two assays. The proposed technique provides a versatile platform for rapid prototyping of µPADs with significant prospect in both developed and resource constrained region.
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103
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Mora MF, Garcia CD, Schaumburg F, Kler PA, Berli CLA, Hashimoto M, Carrilho E. Patterning and Modeling Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Devices Fabricated on a Single Sheet of Paper. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8298-8303. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Mora
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | | | - Pablo A. Kler
- CIMEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Michinao Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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104
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Manbohi A, Ahmadi SH. Sensitive and selective detection of dopamine using electrochemical microfluidic paper-based analytical nanosensor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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105
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Marquez S, Morales-Narváez E. Nanoplasmonics in Paper-Based Analytical Devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:69. [PMID: 30984755 PMCID: PMC6449474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical and biological sensing are crucial tools in science and technology. Plasmonic nanoparticles offer a virtually limitless number of photons for sensing applications, which can be available for visual detection over long periods. Moreover, cellulosic materials, such as paper, represent a versatile building block for implementation of simple, yet valuable, microfluidic analytical devices. This mini review outlines the basic theory of nanoplasmonics and the usability of paper as a nanoplasmonic substrate exploiting its features as a (bio)sensing platform based on different mechanisms depending on localized surface plasmon resonance response. Progress, current trends, challenges and opportunities are also underscored. It is intended for general researchers and technologists who are new to the topic as well as specialist/experts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A. C., León, Mexico
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106
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Wax-Printed Fluidic Time Delays for Automating Multi-Step Assays in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices (MicroPADs). INVENTIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions4010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) have emerged as a promising platform for point-of-care diagnostic devices. While the inherent wicking properties of microPADs allow for fluid flow without supporting equipment, this also presents a major challenge in achieving robust fluid control, which becomes especially important when performing complex multi-step assays. Herein, we describe an ideal method of fluid control mediated by wax-printed fluidic time delays. This method relies on a simple fabrication technique, does not utilize chemicals/reagents that could affect downstream assays, is readily scalable, and has a wide temporal range of tunable fluid control. The delays are wax printed on both the top and bottom of pre-fabricated microPAD channels, without subsequent heating, to create hemi-/fully-enclosed channels. With these wax printed delays, we were able to tune the time it took aqueous solutions to wick across a 25 mm-long channel between 3.6 min and 13.4 min. We then employed these fluid delays in the sequential delivery of four dyes to a test zone. Additionally, we demonstrated the automation of two simple enzymatic assays with this fluid control modality. This method of fluid control may allow future researchers to automate more complex assays, thereby further advancing microPADs toward real-world applications.
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107
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Chen C, Zhao L, Zhang H, Shen X, Zhu Y, Chen H. Novel Wax Valves To Improve Distance-Based Analyte Detection in Paper Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5169-5175. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Litao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | | | - Yonggang Zhu
- School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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108
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Fu X, Xia B, Ji B, Lei S, Zhou Y. Flow controllable three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic analytical devices fabricated by 3D printing technology. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1065:64-70. [PMID: 31005152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In most cases, three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (3D-μPADs) were fabricated manually by stacking or folding methods. For the first time, digital light processing stereolithography (DLP-SLA) 3D printing technology was adopted to automatically make 3D-μPADs. In the fabrication process, a printing pause was set between two layers to allow paper to be placed in the resin tank. The resin on the fresh paper spontaneously bonded to the former cured paper layer during curing, thus realizing the automatic bonding and alignment between different layers of paper and avoiding the human participation and errors as in stacking and folding methods. There was a gap between two vertical aligned flow paths, therefore the liquid did not flow spontaneously from the upper layer to the lower layer. Most of the fluid flow in 3D-μPADs was spontaneous or manually activated, which was not conducive to complex assays that require different regents to be delivered sequentially. Herein, we used an electric field or airflow to trigger the fluid flow and demonstrated the flow controllability by a proof-of-concept colorimetric assay. The limits of detection of glucose and albumin were 0.8 mM and 3.5 μM, respectively, which were sufficient for clinical requirements. Given the characteristic of flow controllability, we believe that the proposed 3D-μPADs have great potential to make paper-based complex assays automated and programmable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Bing Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Baocheng Ji
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shan Lei
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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109
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Effective preconcentration of volatile organic compounds from aqueous solutions with polydimethylsiloxane-coated filter paper. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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110
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Abstract
We present a rapid (<10 s), cost-effective, unique single-step method for fabricating paper-based devices without necessitating any expensive instrumentation, simply by deploying correction pens that are otherwise commonly used for masking typos in printed or written matters. The marked regions formed by deposits from the correction pen demonstrate ubiquitous flow resistances to typical aqueous solutions and organic solvents in the transverse direction, resulting in a preferential bulk flow along the axial direction of the paper channels ‘fabricated’ in the process. Considering the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this platform, it is deemed to be ideal for (bio) chemical sensing and point-of-care diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
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111
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Kaur N, Toley BJ. Paper-based nucleic acid amplification tests for point-of-care diagnostics. Analyst 2019; 143:2213-2234. [PMID: 29683153 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been a recent resurgence in the use of paper as a substrate for developing point-of-care medical diagnostic tests, possibly triggered by expiring patents published in the 1990s. A hallmark of this resurgence has been the development of advanced shapes and structures made from paper to conduct multi-step fluidic operations using the wicking action of porous materials. Such devices indicate a distinct improvement over lateral flow immunoassays, which are restricted to conducting one-step operations. New developments in paper-based diagnostic devices have triggered interest in the development of paper-based point-of-care nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). NAATs can identify extremely low levels of specific nucleic acid sequences from clinical samples and are the most sensitive of all available tests for infectious disease diagnosis. Because traditional PCR-based NAATs require expensive instruments, the development of portable paper-based NAAT's has become an exciting field of research. This article aims to review and analyse the current state of development of paper-based NAATs. We project paper-based NAATs as miniaturized chemical processes and shed light on various schemes of operation used for converting the multiple steps of the chemical processes into paper microfluidic devices. We conclude by elaborating on the challenges that must be overcome in the near future so that progress can be made towards the development of fully functional and commercial paper-based NAATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India560012.
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112
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Solin K, Orelma H, Borghei M, Vuoriluoto M, Koivunen R, Rojas OJ. Two-Dimensional Antifouling Fluidic Channels on Nanopapers for Biosensing. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1036-1044. [PMID: 30576124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (hydrophilic) channels were patterned on films prepared from cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) using photolithography and inkjet printing. Such processes included UV-activated thiol-yne click coupling and inkjet-printed designs with polystyrene. The microfluidic channels were characterized (SEM, wetting, and fluid flow) and applied as platforms for biosensing. Compared to results from the click method, a better feature fidelity and flow properties were achieved with the simpler inkjet-printed channels. Human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) was used as target protein after surface modification with either bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen, or block copolymers of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) (PDMAEMA- block-POEGMA copolymers). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and AFM imaging were used to determine their antifouling effect to prevent nonspecific hIgG binding. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed diffusion and adsorption traces in the channels. The results confirm an effective surface passivation of the microfluidic channels (95% reduction of hIgG adsorption and binding). The inexpensive and disposable systems proposed here allow designs with space-resolved blocking efficiency that offer a great potential in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Solin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , Vuorimiehentie 1 , FI-00076 , Espoo , Finland
| | - Hannes Orelma
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Tietotie 4 , FIN-02044 VTT , Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , Vuorimiehentie 1 , FI-00076 , Espoo , Finland
| | - Maija Vuoriluoto
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , Vuorimiehentie 1 , FI-00076 , Espoo , Finland
| | - Risto Koivunen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , Vuorimiehentie 1 , FI-00076 , Espoo , Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , Vuorimiehentie 1 , FI-00076 , Espoo , Finland
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113
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Fu H, Song P, Wu Q, Zhao C, Pan P, Li X, Li-Jessen NYK, Liu X. A paper-based microfluidic platform with shape-memory-polymer-actuated fluid valves for automated multi-step immunoassays. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:50. [PMID: 31636936 PMCID: PMC6799814 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Smart fluid manipulation with automatically controlled paper valves will enable automated and multi-step immunoassays on paper-based microfluidic devices. In this work, we present an integrated paper-based microfluidic platform with shape-memory polymer (SMP)-actuated fluid valves capable of automated colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A single-layer microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was designed to store all the reagents on the chip, and sequentially transfer reagents to a paper test zone following a specific ELISA protocol through automatic fluidic flow control by the multiple SMP-actuated valves. The actuation of a paper valve was based on the thermally responsive, duel-state shape transformation of a SMP sheet attached to the root of a paper cantilever beam for driving a hydrophilic paper bridge to connect and disconnect two paper channels. A portable colorimetric reader was developed to control the on-chip valve operations, quantify the colorimetric signal output, display the assay result, and wirelessly transmit the data to a smart phone for the application of telemedicine. Reliable operations of the paper valve and the entire μPAD were demonstrated with success rates of 97% and 93%, respectively. A detection mechanism for valve malfunction was designed and confirmed effective to identify any mal-operation of individual valves, thus rendering our platform reliable in real assays. For device calibration, we conducted direct ELISAs of rabbit IgG in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and achieved a low limit of detection (LOD) of 27 pM (comparable to that of standard and paper-based ELISAs). In order to demonstrate the clinical application of our multi-step immunoassay platform, we also conducted sandwich ELISAs to quantify the protein level of an inflammatory cytokine, namely tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in surgically injured laryngeal tissues of rats. The protein levels of TNF-α were shown similar between the conventional and μPAD ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3 Canada
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3 Canada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Qiyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3 Canada
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Peng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3 Canada
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3 Canada
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1 Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9 Canada
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114
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Fu E. Paper Microfluidics for POC Testing in Low-Resource Settings. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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115
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Mukdasai S, Uppachai P, Srijaranai S. A novel colorimetric paper sensor based on the layer-by-layer assembled multilayers of surfactants for the sensitive and selective determination of total antioxidant capacity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28598-28608. [PMID: 35529633 PMCID: PMC9071001 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A new colorimetric paper sensor, (TBABr/SDS)3/PAD, was successfully fabricated to detect TAC. Good selectivity and sensitivity toward TAC were achieved. The (TBABr/SDS)3/PAD sensor has been applied for TAC detection in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriboon Mukdasai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen 40002
| | - Pikaned Uppachai
- Department of Applied Physics
- Faculty of Engineering
- Rajamangala University of Technology Isan
- Khon Kaen 40000
- Thailand
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen 40002
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116
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Ma J, Yan S, Miao C, Li L, Shi W, Liu X, Luo Y, Liu T, Lin B, Wu W, Lu Y. Paper Microfluidics for Cell Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801084. [PMID: 30474359 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Paper microfluidics has attracted much attention since its first introduction around one decade ago due to the merits such as low cost, ease of fabrication and operation, portability, and facile integration with other devices. The dominant application for paper microfluidics still lies in point-of-care testing (POCT), which holds great promise to provide diagnostic tools to meet the ASSURED criteria. With micro/nanostructures inside, paper substrates provide a natural 3D scaffold to mimic native cellular microenvironments and create excellent biointerfaces for cell analysis applications, such as long-term 3D cell culture, cell capture/phenotyping, and cell-related biochemical analysis (small molecules, protein DNA, etc.). This review summarizes cell-related applications based on various engineered paper microdevices and provides some perspectives for paper microfluidics-based cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics; Chuangchun 130033 China
| | - Shiqiang Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Chunyue Miao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Linmei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Department of Chemical Engineering & School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- College of Stomatology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116044 China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Wenming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics; Chuangchun 130033 China
| | - Yao Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 China
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117
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Xie L, Zi X, Zeng H, Sun J, Xu L, Chen S. Low-cost fabrication of a paper-based microfluidic using a folded pattern paper. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1053:131-138. [PMID: 30712558 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite that microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) provide effective analytical platforms for point-of-care diagnosis in resource-limited areas, it remains challenging to achieve simple and low-cost fabrication of μPADs. A novel method for fabrication of μPADs is developed in this study using a folded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated paper mask with a specific pattern to form a sandwich structure with inserted chromatographic paper. PDMS penetrates the target paper from the front and the back sides, and then is cured in the target paper to form legible channels. This method for prototyping μPADs has many favorable merits including simple operation without the need of trained personnel, fast fabrication and low cost. We further investigated colorimetric detection of melamine in the μPADs, and it showed a remarkable measurement with a detection limit of 0.1 ppm in aqueous solutions and liquid milk discriminated by the naked eye, which meets the detection limit required by USA and China. The fabricating strategy developed in this study is very promising and attractive for the development of simple μPADs for point-of-care applications, including diagnostic testing, food safety control and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xingyu Zi
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Hedele Zeng
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Lisheng Xu
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
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Abstract
This paper focuses on one of the most commonly encountered materials in our society, namely paper. Paper is an inherently complex material, yet its use provides for chemical analysis approaches that are elegant in their simplicity of execution. In the first half of the previous century, paper in scientific research was used mainly for filtration and chromatographic separation. While its use decreased with the rise of modern elution chromatography, paper remains a versatile substrate for low-cost analytical tests. Recently, we have seen renewed interest to work with paper in (bio)analytical science, a result of the growing demand for inexpensive, portable analysis. Dried blood spotting, paper microfluidics, and paper spray ionization are areas in which paper is (re)establishing itself as an important material. These research areas all exploit several properties of paper, including stable sample storage, passive fluid movement and manipulation, chromatographic separation/extraction, modifiable surface and/or volume, easily altered shape, easy transport, and low cost. We propose that the real, and to date underexploited, potential of paper lies in utilizing its combined characteristics to add new dimensions to paper-based (bio)chemical analysis, expanding its applicability. This article provides the reader with a short historical perspective on the scientific use of paper and the developments that led to the establishment of the aforementioned research areas. We review important characteristics of paper and place them in a scientific context in this descriptive, yet critical, assessment of the achieved and the achievable in paper-based analysis. The ultimate goal is the exploration of integrative approaches at the interface between the different fields in which paper is or can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ij Salentijn
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - M Grajewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - E Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
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Chiang CK, Kurniawan A, Kao CY, Wang MJ. Single step and mask-free 3D wax printing of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for glucose and nitrite assays. Talanta 2018; 194:837-845. [PMID: 30609613 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have recently emerged as a simple, portable, user-friendly, and affordable alternative to more instrument-intensive analytical approaches for point-of-care testing (POCT), food safety analysis, and environmental monitoring. However, most of the existing methods for the fabrication of μPADs still face a great challenge because of different trade-offs among cost, convenience, and the pattern resolution. In this work, we report a facile one-step approach to prepare a μPAD using an affordable, easy-to-build 3D printer to generate patterns of solid wax on laboratory filter paper. The presented wax printing method did not require the use of predesigned masks and an external heat source to form complete hydrophobic wax barrier through the use of a custom-made extruder. The results revealed a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.985) between the nominal and the printed widths of the wax barriers. The achievable resolution of the wax barrier printed on filter paper was 468 ± 72 µm, which was lower than previously reported minimum barrier feature sizes achieved by wax printing and other wax patterning techniques, such as stamping and screen-printing. The analytical utility of the fabricated μPADs was evaluated for colorimetric nitrite and glucose detection in artificial solutions. It was found that the fabricated μPADs provided adequate accuracy and reproducibility for quantitative determination of nitrite and glucose within concentration ranges relevant to the disease detection in human saliva and urine. The wax printing approach reported here provides a simple, rapid, and cost-effective fabrication method for paper-based microfluidics and may bring benefits to medical diagnostics in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Alfin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Jiy Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Kamali B, Asiaei S, Beigzadeh B, Ali Ebadi A. Micro-lithography on paper, surface process modifications for biomedical performance enhancement. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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123
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Abstract
Point-of-care and in-field technologies for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of molecular biomarkers have attracted much interest. Rugged bioassay technology capable of fast detection of markers for pathogens and genetic diseases would in particular impact the quality of health care in the developing world, but would also make possible more extensive screening in developed countries to tackle problems such as those associated with water and food quality, and tracking of infectious organisms in hospitals and clinics. Literature trends indicate an increasing interest in the use of nanomaterials, and in particular luminescent nanoparticles, for assay development. These materials may offer attributes for development of assays and sensors that could achieve improvements in analytical figures of merit, and provide practical advantages in sensitivity and stability. There is opportunity for cost-efficiency and technical simplicity by implementation of luminescent nanomaterials as the basis for transduction technology, when combined with the use of paper substrates, and the ubiquitous availability of cell phone cameras and associated infrastructure for optical detection and transmission of results. Luminescent nanoparticles have been described for a broad range of bioanalytical targets including small molecules, oligonucleotides, peptides, proteins, saccharides and whole cells (e.g., cancer diagnostics). The luminescent nanomaterials that are described herein for paper-based bioassays include metal nanoparticles, quantum dots and lanthanide-doped nanocrystals. These nanomaterials often have broad and strong absorption and narrow emission bands that improve opportunity for multiplexed analysis, and can be designed to provide emission at wavelengths that are efficiently processed by conventional digital cameras. Luminescent nanoparticles can be embedded in paper substrates that are designed to direct fluid flow, and the resulting combination of technologies can offer competitive analytical performance at relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ju
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China. and Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada L5L 1C6.
| | - M Omair Noor
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada L5L 1C6.
| | - Ulrich J Krull
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, ON, Canada L5L 1C6.
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Bretel G, Rull-Barrull J, Nongbe MC, Terrier JP, Le Grognec E, Felpin FX. Hydrophobic Covalent Patterns on Cellulose Paper through Photothiol-X Ligations. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9155-9159. [PMID: 31459049 PMCID: PMC6644802 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we introduce photothiol-X chemistry as a powerful method to create hydrophobic patterns covalently grafted to the surface of cellulose paper. The general strategy builds on the use of a cellulose-based molecular printboard featuring disulfide functions which upon spatiocontrolled light irradiation at 365 nm allows robust photothiol-X ligations with hydrophobic moieties. A screening of structurally diverse molecular architectures as hydrophobic coating was conducted, and the most impressive result obtained with cholesterol moieties allows the creation of spatially well-resolved hydrophobic patterns with a contact angle of 140.8°. Our discoveries are supported by in-depth characterization studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bretel
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS
UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue
de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jordi Rull-Barrull
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS
UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue
de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Medy C. Nongbe
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS
UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue
de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Terrier
- Université
de Nantes, IFSTTAR, MAST, Route de Bouaye, 44344 Bouguenais Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS
UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue
de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS
UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue
de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Paschoalino WJ, Kogikoski S, Barragan JTC, Giarola JF, Cantelli L, Rabelo TM, Pessanha TM, Kubota LT. Emerging Considerations for the Future Development of Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemir J. Paschoalino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Sergio Kogikoski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - José T. C. Barragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Giarola
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Lory Cantelli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Thais M. Rabelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Tatiana M. Pessanha
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
| | - Lauro T. Kubota
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas-SP Brazil
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Mahmud MA, Blondeel EJM, Kaddoura M, MacDonald BD. Creating compact and microscale features in paper-based devices by laser cutting. Analyst 2018; 141:6449-6454. [PMID: 27792224 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work we describe a fabrication method to create compact and microscale features in paper-based microfluidic devices using a CO2 laser cutting/engraving machine. Using this method we are able to produce the smallest features with the narrowest barriers yet reported for paper-based microfluidic devices. The method uses foil backed paper as the base material and yields inexpensive paper-based devices capable of using small fluid sample volumes and thus small reagent volumes, which is also suitable for mass production. The laser parameters (power and laser head speed) were adjusted to minimize the width of hydrophobic barriers and we were able to create barriers with a width of 39 ± 15 μm that were capable of preventing cross-barrier bleeding. We generated channels with a width of 128 ± 30 μm, which we found to be the physical limit for small features in the chromatography paper we used. We demonstrate how miniaturizing of paper-based microfluidic devices enables eight tests on a single bioassay device using only 2 μL of sample fluid volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Almostasim Mahmud
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada.
| | - Eric J M Blondeel
- ExVivo Labs Inc., Suite #199, 151 Charles St West, Kitchener, ON N2G 1H6, Canada
| | - Moufeed Kaddoura
- ExVivo Labs Inc., Suite #199, 151 Charles St West, Kitchener, ON N2G 1H6, Canada
| | - Brendan D MacDonald
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada.
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127
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Zheng F, Pu Z, He E, Huang J, Yu B, Li D, Li Z. From functional structure to packaging: full-printing fabrication of a microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1859-1866. [PMID: 29796524 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00327k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a concept of a full-printing methodology aiming at convenient and fast fabrication of microfluidic devices. For the first time, we achieved a microfluidic biochemical sensor with all functional structures fabricated by inkjet printing, including electrodes, immobilized enzymes, microfluidic components and packaging. With the cost-effective and rapid process, this method provides the possibility of quick model validation of a novel lab-on-chip system. In this study, a three-electrode electrochemical system was integrated successfully with glucose oxidase immobilization gel and sealed in an ice channel, forming a disposable microfluidic sensor for glucose detection. This fully-printed chip was characterized and showed good sensitivity and a linear section at a low-level concentration of glucose (0-10 mM). With the aid of automatic equipment, the fully-printed sensor can be massively produced with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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128
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SATARPAI T, SIRIPINYANOND A. Alternative Patterning Methods for Paper-based Analytical Devices Using Nail Polish as a Hydrophobic Reagent. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:605-612. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17p620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiphol SATARPAI
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
| | - Atitaya SIRIPINYANOND
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
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129
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Katis IN, He PJW, Eason RW, Sones CL. Improved sensitivity and limit-of-detection of lateral flow devices using spatial constrictions of the flow-path. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 113:95-100. [PMID: 29738945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the use of a laser-direct write (LDW) technique that allows the fabrication of lateral flow devices with enhanced sensitivity and limit of detection. This manufacturing technique comprises the dispensing of a liquid photopolymer at specific regions of a nitrocellulose membrane and its subsequent photopolymerisation to create impermeable walls inside the volume of the membrane. These polymerised structures are intentionally designed to create fluidic channels which are constricted over a specific length that spans the test zone within which the sample interacts with pre-deposited reagents. Experiments were conducted to show how these constrictions alter the fluid flow rate and the test zone area within the constricted channel geometries. The slower flow rate and smaller test zone area result in the increased sensitivity and lowered limit of detection for these devices. We have quantified these via the improved performance of a C-Reactive Protein (CRP) sandwich assay on our lateral flow devices with constricted flow paths which demonstrate an improvement in its sensitivity by 62x and in its limit of detection by 30x when compared to a standard lateral flow CRP device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Katis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK.
| | - Peijun J W He
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Robert W Eason
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Collin L Sones
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
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130
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Rapid detection of clenbuterol in milk using microfluidic paper-based ELISA. Food Chem 2018; 246:437-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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131
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Suresh V, Qunya O, Kanta BL, Yuh LY, Chong KSL. Non-invasive paper-based microfluidic device for ultra-low detection of urea through enzyme catalysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171980. [PMID: 29657797 PMCID: PMC5882721 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design, fabrication and characterization of a paper-based microfluidic device for ultra-low detection of urea through enzyme catalysis. The microfluidic system comprises an entry port, a fluidic channel, a reaction zone and two electrodes (contacts). Wax printing was used to create fluidic channels on the surface of a chromatography paper. Pre-conceptualized designs of the fluidic channel are wax-printed on the paper substrate while the electrodes are screen-printed. The paper printed with wax is heated to cause the wax reflow along the thickness of the paper that selectively creates hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones inside the paper. Urease immobilized in the reaction zone catalyses urea into releasing ions and, thereby, generating a current flow between the electrodes. A measure of current with respect to time at a fixed potential enables the detection of urea. The methodology enabled urea concentration down to 1 pM to be detected. The significance of this work lies in the use of simple and inexpensive paper-based substrates to achieve detection of ultra-low concentrations of analytes such as urea. The process is non-invasive and employs a less cumbersome two-electrode assembly.
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132
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Jia C, Jiang F, Hu P, Kuang Y, He S, Li T, Chen C, Murphy A, Yang C, Yao Y, Dai J, Raub CB, Luo X, Hu L. Anisotropic, Mesoporous Microfluidic Frameworks with Scalable, Aligned Cellulose Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7362-7370. [PMID: 29400444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose paper has been extensively used in microfluidic analytical devices because of its hydrophilic nature. However, cellulose is randomly packed in paper without any particular orientation or channels within the bulk of the material, necessitating a complicated design of hydrophilic microchannels to guide the liquid flow. Herein, we develop an anisotropic mesoporous microfluidic framework (named as white wood) with aligned cellulose nanofibers and inherent microchannels via a facile one-step delignification process from natural wood. The hydrophilic nature of the innate microchannels in white wood makes it ideal for application as a pump-free microfluidic chip, exhibiting a fast and anisotropic liquid and large solid particle (as demonstrated with carbon nanotubes) mass transport, with a high transport speed along the channel direction approximately five times faster than that perpendicular to the channel direction. The anisotropic mass transport is further exemplified in the fabrication of chitosan films with aligned microstructures and birefringence, formed by virtue of unidirectional capillary forces exerted by the microchannels. We envision that our anisotropic mesoporous framework can have great applications to pump-free microfluidics, and the simple preparation process will pave a new way for the development of microfluidic devices based on chemically modified wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | | | - Yudi Kuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shuaiming He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chaoji Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alan Murphy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | | | | | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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134
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Kim TH, Hahn YK, Lee J, van Noort D, Kim MS. Solenoid Driven Pressure Valve System: Toward Versatile Fluidic Control in Paper Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2534-2541. [PMID: 29365265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As paper-based diagnostics has become predominantly driven by more advanced microfluidic technology, many of the research efforts are still focused on developing reliable and versatile fluidic control devices, apart from improving sensitivity and reproducibility. In this work, we introduce a novel and robust paper fluidic control system enabling versatile fluidic control. The system comprises a linear push-pull solenoid and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The precisely controlled pressure exerted on the paper stops the flow. We first determined the stroke distance of the solenoid to obtain a constant pressure while examining the fluidic time delay as a function of the pressure. Results showed that strips of grade 1 chromatography paper had superior reproducibility in fluid transport. Next, we characterized the reproducibility of the fluidic velocity which depends on the type and grade of paper used. As such, we were able to control the flow velocity on the paper and also achieve a complete stop of flow with a pressure over 2.0 MPa. Notably, after the actuation of the pressure driven valve (PDV), the previously pressed area regained its original flow properties. This means that, even on a previously pressed area, multiple valve operations can be successfully conducted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an active and repetitive valve operation in paper microfluidics. As a proof of concept, we have chosen to perform a multistep detection system in the form of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with mouse IgG as the target analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon H Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Hahn
- Samsung Electronics , 4 Seocho-daero 74-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Danny van Noort
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University , Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.,Well-Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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135
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Akyazi T, Basabe-Desmonts L, Benito-Lopez F. Review on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices towards commercialisation. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1001:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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136
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Busa LSA, Komatsu T, Mohammadi S, Maeki M, Ishida A, Tani H, Tokeshi M. 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine Oxidation on Paper Devices for Horseradish Peroxidase-based Assays. ANAL SCI 2018; 32:815-8. [PMID: 27506705 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on the colorimetric oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by hydrogen peroxide using horseradish peroxidase on photolithography-fabricated (P-PAD) and wax-printed (W-PAD) paper-based analytical devices. Fabricating PADs via photolithography exposes the hydrophilic areas to polymers (photoresists) and solvents, not only reducing the hydrophilicity, but also affecting the TMB-H2O2 assay system with an unavoidable incomplete elimination of photoresist during fabrication. Detection signals are then observed in the presence of photoresist residues on the P-PAD, even at a blank HRP concentration.
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137
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Zhuang B. Introduction. DEVELOPMENT OF A FULLY INTEGRATED “SAMPLE-IN-ANSWER-OUT” SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC GENETIC ANALYSIS 2018:1-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4753-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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138
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Bhattacharya S, Agarwal AK, Chanda N, Pandey A, Sen AK. Low-cost Paper Analytical Devices for Environmental and Biomedical Sensing Applications. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123150 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7751-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the fabrication of analytical devices utilizing microfluidic structures and lab-on-a-chip platforms has shown breakthrough advancements, both for environmental and biological applications. The ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, robust, equipment-free, delivered), developed by the WHO for diagnostics devices, point towards the need of paper-based analytical devices (PAD) for diagnostics. On the other hand, cost-effective PADs owing the great advantage of affordable applicability in both resource-rich and -limited settings are recently employed for on-site environmental monitoring. In this book chapter, we will discuss about the brief history of paper analytical devices, fabrications, need, and its environmental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanp Mechanical Engineering, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Avinash Kumar Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nripen Chanda
- Microsystem Technology Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mohali, Punjab India
| | - Ashis Kumar Sen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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139
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Li Z, Li F, Xing Y, Liu Z, You M, Li Y, Wen T, Qu Z, Ling Li X, Xu F. Pen-on-paper strategy for point-of-care testing: Rapid prototyping of fully written microfluidic biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:478-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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140
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Hamidon NN, Hong Y, Salentijn GI, Verpoorte E. Water-based alkyl ketene dimer ink for user-friendly patterning in paper microfluidics. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:180-190. [PMID: 29289307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose the use of water-based alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) ink for fast and user-friendly patterning of paper microfluidic devices either manually or using an inexpensive XY-plotter. The ink was produced by dissolving hydrophobic AKD in chloroform and emulsifying the solution in water. The emulsification was performed in a warm water bath, which led to an increased rate of the evaporation of chloroform. Subsequent cooling led to the final product, an aqueous suspension of fine AKD particles. The effects of surfactant and AKD concentrations, emulsification procedure, and cooling approach on final ink properties are presented, along with an optimized protocol for its formulation. This hydrophobic agent was applied onto paper using a plotter pen, after which the paper was heated to allow spreading of AKD molecules and chemical bonding with cellulose. A paper surface patterned with the ink (10 g L-1 AKD) yielded a contact angle of 135.6° for water. Unlike organic solvent-based solutions of AKD, this AKD ink does not require a fume hood for its use. Moreover, it is compatible with plastic patterning tools, due to the effective removal of chloroform in the production process to less than 2% of the total volume. Furthermore, this water-based ink is easy to prepare and use. Finally, the AKD ink can also be used for the fabrication of so-called selectively permeable barriers for use in paper microfluidic networks. These are barriers that stop the flow of water through paper, but are permeable to solvents with lower surface energies. We applied the AKD ink to confine and preconcentrate sample on paper, and demonstrated the use of this approach to achieve higher detection sensitivities in paper spray ionization-mass spectrometry (PSI-MS). Our patterning approach can be employed outside of the analytical lab or machine workshop for fast prototyping and small-scale production of paper-based analytical tools, for use in limited-resource labs or in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Nadiah Hamidon
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Yumiao Hong
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
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141
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Salentijn GI, Grajewski M, Verpoorte E. Countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction on paper. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3401-3404. [PMID: 28937160 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Proof-of-concept is shown for two-phase countercurrent flow on paper. The device consists of two paper layers, one of which has been modified with a sizing agent to be hydrophobic. The layers exhibit different wetting behavior for water and octanol. Both phases dominate wetting in one of the layers and can be made to move in different directions along the interface to achieve liquid-liquid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Ij Salentijn
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, XB20, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
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142
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Petroni JM, Lucca BG, da Silva Júnior LC, Barbosa Alves DC, Souza Ferreira V. Paper-based Electrochemical Devices Coupled to External Graphene-Cu Nanoparticles Modified Solid Electrode through Meniscus Configuration and their Use in Biological Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; São Mateus, ES 29932-540 Brazil
| | | | | | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460 Brazil
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143
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Lepowsky E, Ghaderinezhad F, Knowlton S, Tasoglu S. Paper-based assays for urine analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:051501. [PMID: 29104709 PMCID: PMC5645195 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A transformation of the healthcare industry is necessary and imminent: hospital-centered, reactive care will soon give way to proactive, person-centered care which focuses on individuals' well-being. However, this transition will only be made possible through scientific innovation. Next-generation technologies will be the key to developing affordable and accessible care, while also lowering the costs of healthcare. A promising solution to this challenge is low-cost continuous health monitoring; this approach allows for effective screening, analysis, and diagnosis and facilitates proactive medical intervention. Urine has great promise for being a key resource for health monitoring; unlike blood, it can be collected effortlessly on a daily basis without pain or the need for special equipment. Unfortunately, the commercial rapid urine analysis tests that exist today can only go so far-this is where the promise of microfluidic devices lies. Microfluidic devices have a proven record of being effective analytical devices, capable of controlling the flow of fluid samples, containing reaction and detection zones, and displaying results, all within a compact footprint. Moving past traditional glass- and polymer-based microfluidics, paper-based microfluidic devices possess the same diagnostic ability, with the added benefits of facile manufacturing, low-cost implementation, and disposability. Hence, we review the recent progress in the application of paper-based microfluidics to urine analysis as a solution to providing continuous health monitoring for proactive care. First, we present important considerations for point-of-care diagnostic devices. We then discuss what urine is and how paper functions as the substrate for urine analysis. Next, we cover the current commercial rapid tests that exist and thereby demonstrate where paper-based microfluidic urine analysis devices may fit into the commercial market in the future. Afterward, we discuss various fabrication techniques that have been recently developed for paper-based microfluidic devices. Transitioning from fabrication to implementation, we present some of the clinically implemented urine assays and their importance in healthcare and clinical diagnosis, with a focus on paper-based microfluidic assays. We then conclude by providing an overview of select biomarker research tailored towards urine diagnostics. This review will demonstrate the applicability of paper-based assays for urine analysis and where they may fit into the commercial healthcare market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lepowsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Fariba Ghaderinezhad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Stephanie Knowlton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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144
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Bandara GC, Heist CA, Remcho VT. Patterned polycaprolactone-filled glass microfiber microfluidic devices for total protein content analysis. Talanta 2017; 176:589-594. [PMID: 28917794 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane based microfluidic devices have gained much popularity in recent years, as they make possible rapid, inexpensive analytical techniques that can be applied to a wide variety of areas. The ability to modify device hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity is critically important in fabricating membrane based microfluidic devices. Polar hydrophilic membranes, such as glass microfiber (GMF) membranes, hold great potential as they are inexpensive, chemically inert, and stable. Filling of these membranes with non-polar polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL) converts the hydrophilic GMF into a hydrophobic medium. Controlled alteration of the surface chemistry of PCL/GMF substrates allows for the fabrication of microfluidic patterns on the surface. Using this approach, we have developed a simple and rapid technique for fabrication of highly adaptable complex multidimensional (2D and 3D) microfluidic pathways on a single membrane. PCL-filled GMF media were masked and selectively exposed to oxygen radicals so that the exposed surface became permanently superhydrophilic in its behavior. The desired microfluidic pattern was cut into the mask prior to assembly and exposure, and the mask was removed after exposure to reveal the ready-to-use microfluidic device. To verify and demonstrate the performance of this novel fabrication method, a colorimetric total protein assay was applied to the determination of protein concentrations in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan C Bandara
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Vincent T Remcho
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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145
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Verma MS, Tsaloglou MN, Sisley T, Christodouleas D, Chen A, Milette J, Whitesides GM. Sliding-strip microfluidic device enables ELISA on paper. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 99:77-84. [PMID: 28738231 PMCID: PMC5628584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device that can be used to conduct an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The device comprises two parts: a sliding strip (which contains the active sensing area) and a structure surrounding the sliding strip (which holds stored reagents—buffers, antibodies, and enzymatic substrate—and distributes fluid). Running an ELISA involves adding sample (e.g. blood) and water, moving the sliding strip at scheduled times, and analyzing the resulting color in the sensing area visually or using a flatbed scanner. We demonstrate that this device can be used to detect C-reactive protein (CRP)—a biomarker for neonatal sepsis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases—at a concentration range of 1–100 ng/mL in 1000-fold diluted blood (1–100 µg/mL in undiluted blood). The accuracy of the device (as characterized by the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve) is 89% and 83% for cut-offs of 10 ng/mL (for neonatal sepsis and pelvic inflammatory disease) and 30 ng/mL (for inflammatory bowel diseases) CRP in 1000-fold diluted blood respectively. In resource-limited settings, the device can be used as a part of a kit (containing the device, a fixed-volume capillary, a pre-filled tube, a syringe, and a dropper); this kit would cost ~ $0.50 when produced in large scale (>100,000 devices/week). This kit has the technical characteristics to be employed as a pre-screening tool, when combined with other data such as patient history and clinical signs. 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device performs ELISA with colorimetric results. Two components enable separation of reagents in the device: a sliding-strip and a functional dock. All required reagents (antibodies, enzyme, substrate, buffers) are stored in the device. User only needs to add sample and water using the provided kit. Device can detect C-reactive protein for possible pre-screening of neonatal sepsis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit S Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Maria-Nefeli Tsaloglou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Diagnostics for All, 4 Technology Way, Salem, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tyler Sisley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dionysios Christodouleas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Austin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan Milette
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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146
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Magro L, Escadafal C, Garneret P, Jacquelin B, Kwasiborski A, Manuguerra JC, Monti F, Sakuntabhai A, Vanhomwegen J, Lafaye P, Tabeling P. Paper microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) of infectious diseases. LAB ON A CHIP 2017. [PMID: 28632278 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of infectious diseases is entering a new and interesting phase. Technologies based on paper microfluidics, coupled to developments in isothermal amplification of Nucleic Acids (NAs) raise opportunities for bringing the methods of molecular biology in the field, in a low setting environment. A lot of work has been performed in the domain over the last few years and the landscape of contributions is rich and diverse. Most often, the level of sample preparation differs, along with the sample nature, the amplification and detection methods, and the design of the device, among other features. In this review, we attempt to offer a structured description of the state of the art. The domain is not mature and there exist bottlenecks that hamper the realization of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) complying with the constraints of the field in low and middle income countries. In this domain however, the pace of progress is impressively fast. This review is written for a broad Lab on a Chip audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Magro
- MMN, Gulliver Laboratory, UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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147
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Altundemir S, Uguz AK, Ulgen K. A review on wax printed microfluidic paper-based devices for international health. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:041501. [PMID: 28936274 PMCID: PMC5577007 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidics has attracted attention for the last ten years due to its advantages such as low sample volume requirement, ease of use, portability, high sensitivity, and no necessity to well-equipped laboratory equipment and well-trained manpower. These characteristics have made paper platforms a promising alternative for a variety of applications such as clinical diagnosis and quantitative analysis of chemical and biological substances. Among the wide range of fabrication methods for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), the wax printing method is suitable for high throughput production and requires only a commercial printer and a heating source to fabricate complex two or three-dimensional structures for multipurpose systems. μPADs can be used by anyone for in situ diagnosis and analysis; therefore, wax printed μPADs are promising especially in resource limited environments where people cannot get sensitive and fast diagnosis of their serious health problems and where food, water, and related products are not able to be screened for toxic elements. This review paper is focused on the applications of paper-based microfluidic devices fabricated by the wax printing technique and used for international health. Besides presenting the current limitations and advantages, the future directions of this technology including the commercial aspects are discussed. As a conclusion, the wax printing technology continues to overcome the current limitations and to be one of the promising fabrication techniques. In the near future, with the increase of the current interest of the industrial companies on the paper-based technology, the wax-printed paper-based platforms are expected to take place especially in the healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Altundemir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A K Uguz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Ulgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
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148
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Lim WY, Goh BT, Khor SM. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for potential use in quantitative and direct detection of disease biomarkers in clinical analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:424-442. [PMID: 28683395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians, working in the health-care diagnostic systems of developing countries, currently face the challenges of rising costs, increased number of patient visits, and limited resources. A significant trend is using low-cost substrates to develop microfluidic devices for diagnostic purposes. Various fabrication techniques, materials, and detection methods have been explored to develop these devices. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have gained attention for sensing multiplex analytes, confirming diagnostic test results, rapid sample analysis, and reducing the volume of samples and analytical reagents. μPADs, which can provide accurate and reliable direct measurement without sample pretreatment, can reduce patient medical burden and yield rapid test results, aiding physicians in choosing appropriate treatment. The objectives of this review are to provide an overview of the strategies used for developing paper-based sensors with enhanced analytical performances and to discuss the current challenges, limitations, advantages, disadvantages, and future prospects of paper-based microfluidic platforms in clinical diagnostics. μPADs, with validated and justified analytical performances, can potentially improve the quality of life by providing inexpensive, rapid, portable, biodegradable, and reliable diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Tong Goh
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Mei Khor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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149
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Gong MM, Sinton D. Turning the Page: Advancing Paper-Based Microfluidics for Broad Diagnostic Application. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28627178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major global health issue. Diagnosis is a critical first step in effectively managing their spread. Paper-based microfluidic diagnostics first emerged in 2007 as a low-cost alternative to conventional laboratory testing, with the goal of improving accessibility to medical diagnostics in developing countries. In this review, we examine the advances in paper-based microfluidic diagnostics for medical diagnosis in the context of global health from 2007 to 2016. The theory of fluid transport in paper is first presented. The next section examines the strategies that have been employed to control fluid and analyte transport in paper-based assays. Tasks such as mixing, timing, and sequential fluid delivery have been achieved in paper and have enabled analytical capabilities comparable to those of conventional laboratory methods. The following section examines paper-based sample processing and analysis. The most impactful advancement here has been the translation of nucleic acid analysis to a paper-based format. Smartphone-based analysis is another exciting development with potential for wide dissemination. The last core section of the review highlights emerging health applications, such as male fertility testing and wearable diagnostics. We conclude the review with the future outlook, remaining challenges, and emerging opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Gong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8
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150
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Ghaderinezhad F, Amin R, Temirel M, Yenilmez B, Wentworth A, Tasoglu S. High-throughput rapid-prototyping of low-cost paper-based microfluidics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3553. [PMID: 28620167 PMCID: PMC5472624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper-based micro analytical devices offer significant advantages compared to the conventional microfluidic chips including cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and ease of use while preserving critical features including strong capillary action and biological compatibility. In this work, we demonstrate an inexpensive, rapid method for high-throughput fabrication of paper-based microfluidics by patterning hydrophobic barriers using a desktop pen plotter integrated with a custom-made, low-cost paper feeder. We tested various types of commercial permanent markers and compared their water-resistant capabilities for creating hydrophobic barriers. Additionally, we studied the performance of markers with different types of paper, plotting speeds, and pattern dimensions. To verify the effectiveness of the presented fabrication method, colorimetric analysis was performed on the results of a glucose assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Ghaderinezhad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Reza Amin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Mikail Temirel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Bekir Yenilmez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Adam Wentworth
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. .,Institute of Materials Science (IMS), University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. .,The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA. .,Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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