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Chen J, Zhu D, Huang T, Yang Z, Liu B, Sun M, Chen JX, Dai Z, Zou X. Isothermal Self-Primer EXPonential Amplification Reaction (SPEXPAR) for Highly Sensitive Detection of Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids and Proteins. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12707-12713. [PMID: 34491714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of versatile sensing methods for sensitive and specific detection of clinically relevant nucleic acids and proteins is of great value for disease monitoring and diagnosis. In this work, we propose a novel isothermal Self-primer EXPonential Amplification Reaction (SPEXPAR) strategy based on a rationally engineered structure-switchable Metastable Hairpin template (MH-template). The MH-template initially keeps inactive with its self-primer overhanging a part of target recognition region to inhibit polymerization. The present targets can specifically compel the MH-template to transform into an "activate" conformation that primes a target-recyclable EXPAR. The method is simple and sensitive, can accurately and facilely detect long-chain single-stranded nucleic acids or proteins without the need of exogenous primer probes, and has a high amplification efficiency theoretically more than 2n. For a proof-of-concept demonstration, the SPEXPAR method was used to sensitively detect the characteristic sequence of the typical swine fever virus (CSFV) RNA and thrombin, as nucleic acid and protein models, with limits of detection down to 43 aM and 39 fM, respectively, and even the CSFV RNA in attenuated vaccine samples and thrombin in diluted serum samples. The SPEXPAR method may serve as a powerful technique for the biological research of single-stranded nucleic acids and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Daozhong Zhu
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, P. R. China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zizhong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Birong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Mengxu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Techno logy and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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102
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Current diagnostic approaches to detect two important betacoronaviruses: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153565. [PMID: 34333398 PMCID: PMC8305226 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are two common betacoronaviruses, which are still causing transmission among the human population worldwide. The major difference between the two coronaviruses is that MERS-CoV is now causing sporadic transmission worldwide, whereas SARS-CoV-2 is causing a pandemic outbreak globally. Currently, different guidelines and reports have highlighted several diagnostic methods and approaches which could be used to screen and confirm MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. These methods include clinical evaluation, laboratory diagnosis (nucleic acid-based test, protein-based test, or viral culture), and radiological diagnosis. With the presence of these different diagnostic approaches, it could cause a dilemma to the clinicians and diagnostic laboratories in selecting the best diagnostic strategies to confirm MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, this review aims to provide an up-to-date comparison of the advantages and limitations of different diagnostic approaches in detecting MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review could provide insights for clinicians and scientists in detecting MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections to help combat the transmission of these coronaviruses.
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103
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Xu Y, Jiang X, Zhou Y, Ma M, Wang M, Ying B. Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment Technologies and Aptamer-Based Applications: Recent Progress and Challenges in Precision Medicine of Infectious Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:704077. [PMID: 34447741 PMCID: PMC8383106 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.704077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are considered as a pressing challenge to global public health. Accurate and rapid diagnostics tools for early recognition of the pathogen, as well as individualized precision therapy are essential for controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Aptamers, which were screened by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), can bind to targets with high affinity and specificity so that have exciting potential in both diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest development of SELEX technology and focus on the applications of aptamer-based technologies in infectious diseases, such as targeted drug-delivery, treatments and biosensors for diagnosing. The challenges and the future development in this field of clinical application will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport)Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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104
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Wan Q, Liu X, Zu Y. Oligonucleotide aptamers for pathogen detection and infectious disease control. Theranostics 2021; 11:9133-9161. [PMID: 34522231 PMCID: PMC8419047 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During an epidemic or pandemic, the primary task is to rapidly develop precise diagnostic approaches and effective therapeutics. Oligonucleotide aptamer-based pathogen detection assays and control therapeutics are promising, as aptamers that specifically recognize and block pathogens can be quickly developed and produced through simple chemical synthesis. This work reviews common aptamer-based diagnostic techniques for communicable diseases and summarizes currently available aptamers that target various pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Moreover, this review discusses how oligonucleotide aptamers might be leveraged to control pathogen propagation and improve host immune system responses. This review offers a comprehensive data source to the further develop aptamer-based diagnostics and therapeutics specific for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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105
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Peng Y, Pan Y, Sun Z, Li J, Yi Y, Yang J, Li G. An electrochemical biosensor for sensitive analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113309. [PMID: 33984795 PMCID: PMC8107000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuously worsening globally, herein we have proposed an electrochemical biosensor for the sensitive monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The presence of target RNA firstly triggers the catalytic hairpin assembly circuit and then initiates terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA polymerization. Consequently, a large number of long single-stranded DNA products can be produced, and these negatively charged DNA products will bind a massive of positively charged electroactive molecular of Ru(NH3)63+ due to the electrostatic adsorption. Therefore, significantly amplified electrochemical signals can be generated for sensitive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the range of 0.1-1000 pM with the detection limit as low as 26 fM. Besides the excellent distinguishing ability for SARS-CoV-2 RNA against single-base mismatched RNA, the proposed biosensor can also be successfully applied to complex matrices, as well as clinical patient samples with high stability, which shows great prospects of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yanhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jinlong Li
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, PR China.
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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106
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Bao M, Chen Q, Xu Z, Jensen EC, Liu C, Waitkus JT, Yuan X, He Q, Qin P, Du K. Challenges and Opportunities for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Based Molecular Biosensing. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2497-2522. [PMID: 34143608 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR, has recently emerged as a powerful molecular biosensing tool for nucleic acids and other biomarkers due to its unique properties such as collateral cleavage nature, room temperature reaction conditions, and high target-recognition specificity. Numerous platforms have been developed to leverage the CRISPR assay for ultrasensitive biosensing applications. However, to be considered as a new gold standard, several key challenges for CRISPR molecular biosensing must be addressed. In this paper, we briefly review the history of biosensors, followed by the current status of nucleic acid-based detection methods. We then discuss the current challenges pertaining to CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection, followed by the recent breakthroughs addressing these challenges. We focus upon future advancements required to enable rapid, simple, sensitive, specific, multiplexed, amplification-free, and shelf-stable CRISPR-based molecular biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Bao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Erik C. Jensen
- HJ Science & Technology Inc., San Leandro, California 94710, United States
| | - Changyue Liu
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Jacob T. Waitkus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Xi Yuan
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Qian He
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
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107
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Khateeb J, Li Y, Zhang H. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and potential intervention approaches. Crit Care 2021; 25:244. [PMID: 34253247 PMCID: PMC8274962 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The major variant of concerns (VOCs) have shared mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike proteins, mostly on the S1 unit and resulted in higher transmissibility rate and affect viral virulence and clinical outcome. The spike protein mutations and other non-structural protein mutations in the VOCs may lead to escape approved vaccinations in certain extend. We will discuss these VOC mutations and discuss the need for combination therapeutic strategies targeting viral cycle and immune host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Khateeb
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Room 619, LKSKI, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1W8, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuchong Li
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Room 619, LKSKI, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1W8, Canada
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Room 619, LKSKI, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1W8, Canada.
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Physiology, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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108
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Krüger A, de Jesus Santos AP, de Sá V, Ulrich H, Wrenger C. Aptamer Applications in Emerging Viral Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070622. [PMID: 34203242 PMCID: PMC8308861 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules which are submitted to a process denominated SELEX. SELEX uses reiterative screening of a random oligonucleotide library to identify high-affinity binders to a chosen target, which may be a peptide, protein, or entire cells or viral particles. Aptamers can rival antibodies in target recognition, and benefit from their non-proteic nature, ease of modification, increased stability, and pharmacokinetic properties. This turns them into ideal candidates for diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications. Here, we review the recent accomplishments in the development of aptamers targeting emerging viral diseases, with emphasis on recent findings of aptamers binding to coronaviruses. We focus on aptamer development for diagnosis, including biosensors, in addition to aptamer modifications for stabilization in body fluids and tissue penetration. Such aptamers are aimed at in vivo diagnosis and treatment, such as quantification of viral load and blocking host cell invasion, virus assembly, or replication, respectively. Although there are currently no in vivo applications of aptamers in combating viral diseases, such strategies are promising for therapy development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Krüger
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000-SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula de Jesus Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900-SP, Brazil; (A.P.d.J.S.); (V.d.S.)
| | - Vanessa de Sá
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900-SP, Brazil; (A.P.d.J.S.); (V.d.S.)
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900-SP, Brazil; (A.P.d.J.S.); (V.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (C.W.)
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000-SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (C.W.)
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109
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Rahman MR, Hossain MA, Mozibullah M, Mujib FA, Afrose A, Shahed-Al-Mahmud M, Apu MAI. CRISPR is a useful biological tool for detecting nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 in human clinical samples. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111772. [PMID: 34062417 PMCID: PMC8156908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally and infected millions of people. The quick and specific detection of the nucleic acid of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a challenge within healthcare providers. Currently, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the widely used method to detect the SARS-CoV-2 from the human clinical samples. RT-qPCR is expensive equipment and needs skilled personnel as well as lengthy detection time. RT-qPCR limitation needed an alternative healthcare technique to overcome with a fast and cheaper detection method. By applying the principles of CRISPR technology, several promising detection methods giving hope to the healthcare community. CRISPR-based detection methods include SHERLOCK-Covid, STOP-Covid, AIOD-CRISPR, and DETECTR platform. These methods have comparative advantages and drawbacks. Among these methods, AIOD-CRISPR and DETECTR are reasonably better diagnostic methods than the others if we compare the time taken for the test, the cost associated with each test, and their capability of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical samples. It may expect that the promising CRISPR-based methods would facilitate point-of-care (POC) applications in the CRISPR-built next-generation novel coronavirus diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Amjad Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mozibullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Fateh Al Mujib
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Shahed-Al-Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Md Aminul Islam Apu
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, South Korea
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110
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Zhan Y, Li XP, Yin JY. COVID-19 one year later: a retrospect of CRISPR-Cas system in combating COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2080-2088. [PMID: 34131407 PMCID: PMC8193275 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a persistent global threat. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is wide and swift. Rapid detection of the viral RNA and effective therapy are imperative to prevent the worldwide spread of the new infectious disease. Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)- CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system is an RNA-directed adaptive immune system, and it has been transformed into a gene editing tool. Applications of CRISPR-Cas system involves in many fields, such as human gene therapy, drug discovery and disease diagnosis. Under the background of COVID-19 pandemic, CRISPR-Cas system shows hidden capacity to fight the emergency in many aspects. This review will focus on the role of gene editing in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. We will describe the potential use of CRISPR-Cas-based system in combating COVID-19, from diagnosis to treatment. Furthermore, the limitation and perspectives of this novel technology are also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
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111
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Li J, Zhao H, Zheng L, An W. Advances in Synthetic Biology and Biosafety Governance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:598087. [PMID: 33996776 PMCID: PMC8120004 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.598087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous advances in the field of synthetic biology have been witnessed in multiple areas including life sciences, industrial development, and environmental bio-remediation. However, due to the limitations of human understanding in the code of life, any possible intended or unintended uses of synthetic biology, and other unknown reasons, the development and application of this technology has raised concerns over biosafety, biosecurity, and even cyberbiosecurity that they may expose public health and the environment to unknown hazards. Over the past decades, some countries in Europe, America, and Asia have enacted laws and regulations to control the application of synthetic biology techniques in basic and applied research and this has resulted in some benefits. The outbreak of the COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and various speculations about the origin of this virus have attracted more attention on bio-risk concerns of synthetic biology because of its potential power and uncertainty in the synthesis and engineering of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to scrutinize the control measures put in place to ensure appropriate use, promote the development of synthetic biology, and strengthen the governance of pathogen-related research, although the true origin of coronavirus remains hotly debated and unresolved. This article reviews the recent progress made in the field of synthetic biology and combs laws and regulations in governing bio-risk issues. We emphasize the urgent need for legislative and regulatory constraints and oversight to address the biological risks of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huimiao Zhao
- College of Humanities and Law, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lanxin Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin An
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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