101
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Charge-Transfer Adducts of Chalcogenourea Derivatives of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with Iodine Monochloride. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we investigate the reaction between seleno- and thiourea, derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes, with the interhalogen iodine monochloride. The formation of all three products was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, while single-crystal X-ray analyses were able to establish a charge-transfer coordination type, which showed a linear Se/S-I-Cl arrangement, for all adducts formed. Based on a detailed crystallographic analysis, we can deduce the zwitterionic character of these compounds.
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102
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Fischer M, Roy MMD, Hüller S, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Reaction of a bis(pentafulvene)titanium complex with an N-heterocyclic olefin: C-H-activation leads to resonance between a titanium vinyl and titanium alkylidene complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10690-10696. [PMID: 35166757 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) ImMe4CH2 (2) (ImMe4CH2 = (MeCNMe)2CCH2) was employed for the synthesis of the titanium complex 3 derived from an NHO ligand precursor. By reacting 2 with the bis(π-η5:σ-η1-pentafulvene)titanium complex 1a, the terminal ylidic methylene unit of 2 is deprotonated by the quaternary exocyclic carbon atom of one pentafulvene ligand of 1a yielding the titanium complex 3 which bears an anionic NHO ligand (ImMe4CH-). 3 was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. The latter highlight that 3 is best described as a titanium vinyl complex with significant contribution of the titanium alkylidene resonance structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Fischer
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK. .,Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Matthew M D Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute for Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Sascha Hüller
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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103
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Cauwenbergh T, Scattolin T, Simoens A, Tzouras NV, Stevens CV, Nolan SP. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Sulfur‐ and Selenium−NHC Compounds (NHC=
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene). European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Andreas Simoens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Synthesis Biosources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC) Research Group Ghent University Coupure Links 653 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry Ghent University Krijgslaan 281, S3 9000 Ghent Belgium
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104
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Maity R, Sarkar B. Chemistry of Compounds Based on 1,2,3-Triazolylidene-Type Mesoionic Carbenes. JACS AU 2022; 2:22-57. [PMID: 35098220 PMCID: PMC8790748 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes (MICs) of the 1,2,3-triazolylidene type have established themselves as a popular class of compounds over the past decade. Primary reasons for this popularity are their modular synthesis and their strong donor properties. While such MICs have mostly been used in combination with transition metals, the past few years have also seen their utility together with main group elements. In this paper, we present an overview of the recent developments on this class of compounds that include, among others, (i) cationic and anionic MIC ligands, (ii) the donor/acceptor properties of these ligands with a focus on the several methods that are known for estimating such donor/acceptor properties, (iii) a detailed overview of 3d metal complexes and main group compounds with these MIC ligands, (iv) results on the redox and photophysical properties of compounds based on MIC ligands, and (v) an overview on electrocatalysis, redox-switchable catalysis, and small-molecule activation to highlight the applications of compounds based on MIC ligands in contemporary chemistry. By discussing several aspects from the synthetic, spectroscopic, and application point of view of these classes of compounds, we highlight the state of the art of compounds containing MICs and present a perspective for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramananda Maity
- Dr.
R. Maity Department of Chemistry, University
of Calcutta, 92, A. P.
C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Prof.
Dr. B. Sarkar Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie,
Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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105
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Bhattacharjee J, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Phosphinidenide Complexes as Hydroboration Catalysts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1098-1109. [PMID: 35007063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the N-heterocyclic carbene-phosphinidene adducts (NHC)PSiMe3 and (NHC)PH with the dinuclear ruthenium and osmium complexes [(η6-p-cymene)MCl2]2 (M = Ru, Os) afforded the half-sandwich complexes [(η6-p-cymene){(NHC)P}MCl] and [(η6-p-cymene){(NHC)PH}MCl2] with two- and three-legged piano-stool geometries, respectively (NHC = IDipp, IMes; IDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene; IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene). The complexes were initially tested as precatalysts for the hydroboration of benzonitrile, and the most active species, the ruthenium complex [(η6-p-cymene){(IMes)P}RuCl], was further used for the efficient hydroboration of a wide range (ca. 50 substrates) of nitriles, carboxylic esters, and carboxamides in neat pinacolborane (HBpin) under comparatively mild reaction conditions (60-80 °C, 3-5 mol % catalyst loading). Preliminary mechanistic and kinetic studies are reported, and stoichiometric reactions with HBpin indicate the initial formation of the monohydride complex [(η6-p-cymene){(IMes)P}RuH] as the putative catalytically active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Bhattacharjee
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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106
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Weller R, Gonzalez A, Gottschling H, Hänisch C, Werncke CG. NHC‐Stabilized Parent Phosphinidene Adducts of Metal(II) Hexamethyldisilazanides of Manganese – Cobalt and Their Lability in Solution. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Weller
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Andres Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Hannah Gottschling
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 D-35032 Marburg Germany
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107
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Dagorne S, Guermazi R, Specklin D, Gourlaouen C, de Frémont P. Two‐coordinate NHC‐supported ZnII Organocations: Steric and Electronic tunability and use in Alkyne Hydroboration Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dagorne
- Universite de Strasbourg - CNRS Institut de Chimie- UMR 7177 1, rue blaise pascal 67000 Strasbourg FRANCE
| | - Refka Guermazi
- Université de Strasbourg: Universite de Strasbourg chemistry FRANCE
| | - David Specklin
- Université de Strasbourg: Universite de Strasbourg chemistry FRANCE
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108
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Brüggemann P, Mzyk K, Molter M, Nellesen J, Schaper K, Ganter C. Synthesis, Reactivity and Electronic Properties of Quinazolin‐2‐one‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brüggemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Karol Mzyk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Marius Molter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Joscha Nellesen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Klaus Schaper
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christian Ganter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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109
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Ackermann MT, Seidl M, Wen F, Ferguson MJ, Timoshkin AY, Rivard E, Scheer M. An NHC-Stabilized H 2 GeBH 2 Precursor for the Preparation of Cationic Group 13/14/15 Hydride Chains. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103780. [PMID: 34761837 PMCID: PMC9299135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and reactivity studies of the NHC-stabilized complex IDipp ⋅ GeH2 BH2 OTf (1) (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) are reported. Nucleophilic substitution of the triflate (OTf) group in 1 by phosphine or arsine donors provides access to the cationic group 13/14/15 chains [IDipp ⋅ GeH2 BH2 ERR1 R2 ]+ (2 E=P; R, R1 =H; R2 =t Bu; 3 E=P; R=H; R1 , R2 =Ph; 4 a E=P; R, R1 , R2 =Ph; 4 b E=As; R, R1 , R2 =Ph). These novel cationic chains were characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the formation of the parent complexes [IDipp ⋅ GeH2 BH2 PH3 ][OTf] (5) and [IDipp ⋅ GeH3 ][OTf] (6) were achieved by reaction of 1 with PH3 . Accompanying DFT computations give insight into the stability of the formed chains with respect to their decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Fuwei Wen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State UniversityUniversitetskaya emb. 7/9199034St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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110
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Goerigk F, Birchall N, Feil CM, Nieger M, Gudat D. Reactions of Imidazolio‐Phosphides with Organotin Chlorides: Surprisingly Diverse. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Goerigk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nicholas Birchall
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O Box 55 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
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111
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Ruppert H, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato Stannate(II): A Tetraamido Tin(II) Dianion and Strong Metal‐Centered σ‐Donor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Ruppert
- Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg: Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Lutz Greb
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie Institut für Anorganische ChemieFabeckstr. 34-36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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112
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Dubey G, Mahawar N, Singh T, Saha N, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. Thiazetidin-2-ylidenes as four membered N-heterocyclic carbenes: theoretical studies and the generation of complexes with N + center. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:629-633. [PMID: 34933326 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thiazetidin-2-ylidenes have been designed as four membered N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) using quantum chemical studies. These species are smaller analogs of thiazol-2-ylidenes, possess high singlet stability (57 kcal mol-1) and large nucleophilicity (3.4 eV). The possible existence of these carbenes has been established by synthesizing and crystalizing compounds with NHC→N+←(thiazetidin-2-ylidene) coordination bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Nutan Mahawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Nirjhar Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160062, Punjab, India.
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113
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Li B, Geoghegan B, Weinert HM, Wölper C, Cutsail III G, Schulz S. Synthesis and redox activity of carbene-coordinated group 13 metal radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4372-4375. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbenes are known to stabilize main group element compounds with unusual electronic properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of carbene-stabilized group 13 metal radicals (cAAC)MX2(IPr) (M = Al, X =...
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114
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Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands: Electronic structure and application as chemically- and redox-non-innocent ligands and chromophores. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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115
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Ghosh B, Cabrera-Trujillo JJ, Fernández I, Phukan AK. Stable N-heterocyclic borylenes with promising ligand properties: a contribution from theory. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations reveal the power of ylides in stabilizing neutral singlet cyclic borylenes that are found to be capable of activating a variety of small molecules having enthalpically strong bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napam 784028, Assam, India
| | - Jorge Juan Cabrera-Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napam 784028, Assam, India
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116
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Merschel A, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler G, Ghadwal RS. Crystalline phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8217-8222. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphino-functionalized mesoionic olefins (p-MIOs), (iMIC)CHR (iMIC = PhC{N(Dipp)}2C(PPh2)C, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; R = H 4a or Ph 4b) derived from a 1,3-imidazole based mesoionic carbene (iMIC) are reported. The p-MIOs...
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117
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Zhang X, He C, Yang X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yao J. Fe II, Co II and Ni II complexes based on 1-chloro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine: synthesis, structures, single-molecule magnetic and electrocatalytic properties. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three complexes [Fe2(L)2Cl4] (1), [Co2(L)2Cl4] (2) and [Ni(L)2Cl2]·CH2Cl2 (3) were synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 exhibits a slow magnetic relaxation behaviour. Complexes 1–3 are catalytically active toward the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiamei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chengying He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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118
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Theoretical investigations in the reactions of group 15 analogues of the monocationic five-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes: interplay of electrophilicity, basicity, and aromaticity governing the reactivity. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the group 15 analogs of the five-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes (G15-Rea; G15 = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) was investigated by using various methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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119
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Modification of bidentate bis(N-heterocyclic imine) ligands for low-valent main group complexes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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120
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Kundu S, Das B, Makol A. Phosphorus radicals and radical ions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12404-12426. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of isolable radicals of main-group elements have been a long-pursued quest. Although there has been considerable progress in this area, particularly in isolating carbon- radicals, the isolation...
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121
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Guo WX, shen Z, Su YF, Li K, Lin WQ, Chen GH, Guan J, Wang XM, Li Z, Yu Z, Zou Z. Iron-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation in Acidic Conditions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12494-12501. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of stable, earth-abundant, and high-activity molecular water oxidation catalysts in acidic and neutral conditions remains a great challenge. Here, the use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based iron(III) complex 1...
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122
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Deka H, Fridman N, Koneczny M, Tamm M, Eisen MS. Base-free transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by imidazolin-2-iminato actinide complexes. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01362b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of thorium and uranium complexes decorated with unsymmetrical imidazolin-2-iminato ligands were found to be effective as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones with 2-propanol to form the corresponding alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Deka
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - Marvin Koneczny
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
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123
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Cicac-Hudi M, Kaaz M, Birchall N, Nieger M, Gudat D. A neutral analogue of a phosphamethine cyanine. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6533-6536. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of an imidazolio-phosphide with a N-heterocyclic bromo-borane and NaH afforded a neutral analogue of a phosphamethine cyanine cation. DFT studies were used to analyse the dative bonding across P–C/B...
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124
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Ngoepe MP, Clayton HS. Metal Complexes as DNA Synthesis and/or Repair Inhibitors: Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMedicinal inorganic chemistry involving the utilization of metal-based compounds as therapeutics has become a field showing distinct promise. DNA and RNA are ideal drug targets for therapeutic intervention in the case of various diseases, such as cancer and microbial infection. Metals play a vital role in medicine, with at least 10 metals known to be essential for human life and a further 46 nonessential metals having been involved in drug therapies and diagnosis. These metal-based complexes interact with DNA in various ways, and are often delivered as prodrugs which undergo activation in vivo. Metal complexes cause DNA crosslinking, leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair. In this review, the various interactions of metal complexes with DNA nucleic acids, as well as the underlying mechanism of action, were highlighted. Furthermore, we also discussed various tools used to investigate the interaction between metal complexes and the DNA. The tools included in vitro techniques such as spectroscopy and electrophoresis, and in silico studies such as protein docking and density-functional theory that are highlighted for preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadley S. Clayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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125
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Krüger J, Wölper C, Auer AA, Schulz S. Formation and Cleavage of a Sb−Sb Double Bond: From Carbene‐Coordinated Distibenes to Stibinidenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
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126
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Cicač-Hudi M, Feil CM, Birchall N, Nieger M, Gudat D. A PH-functionalized dicationic bis(imidazolio)diphosphine. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:998-1007. [PMID: 34933323 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the iodide salt of a secondary imidazolio-iodophosphine [(L)PHI]I (L+ = 1,3-diarylimidazolium-yl) with an imidazolio-phosphide (L)PH in the presence of GaI3 afforded the isolable salt of a dicationic, bis(imidazolio)-substituted dihydro-diphosphine [(L)2P2H2][GaI4]2. Non-preparative formation of the cationic diphosphines was also observed upon spontaneous "dehalo-coupling" of [(L)PHI]+, or in reactions of [(L)PHI]I and (L)PH in the absence of GaI3. Further reaction of [(L)2P2H2]2+ with (L)PH produced an iodide salt of a known (bis)imidazolio-diphosphide monocation [(L)2P2H]+. The identity of cationic diphosphines and diphosphides was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. NMR spectroscopy revealed that dications [(L)2P2H2]2+ exist as a mixture of meso- and rac-diastereomers in solution. Computational studies confirmed the stereochemical assignment of the isomers observed, and gave insight into the bonding situation of the diphosphine dications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cicač-Hudi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christoph M Feil
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Nicholas Birchall
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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127
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Guthardt R, Mellin J, Bruhn C, Siemeling U. 1,1′‐Ferrocenylene‐Bridged Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Olefin) Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guthardt
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Johanna Mellin
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie Universität Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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128
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Kase D, Haraguchi R. Fluoride-Mediated Nucleophilic Aromatic Amination of Chloro-1 H-1,2,3-triazolium Salts. Org Lett 2021; 24:90-94. [PMID: 34914400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a fluoride-mediated nucleophilic aromatic amination of chloro-1H-1,2,3-triazolium salts with aliphatic amines. The reaction proceeded under mild reaction conditions to provide amino-1,2,3-triazolium salts with various functional groups, which can be utilized for further transformations. Moreover, it was found that an amino-1,2,3-triazolium salt was transformed via deprotonation into the N-heterocyclic imine (NHI), which exhibited the excellent catalytic activity for the cyanosilylation of acetophenone with trimethylsilyl cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiya Kase
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Haraguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
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129
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Ho LP, Neitzel A, Bannenberg T, Tamm M. Rhodium and Iridium Complexes of Anionic Thione and Selone Ligands Derived from Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104139. [PMID: 34878696 PMCID: PMC9305287 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lithium salts of anionic N‐heterocyclic thiones and selones [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}Li(toluene)] (1: E=S; 2: E=Se; WCA=B(C6F5)3, IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), which contain a weakly coordinating anionic (WCA) borate moiety in the imidazole backbone were reacted with Me3SiCl, to furnish the silylated adducts (WCA‐IDipp)ESiMe3 (3: E=S; 4: E=Se). The reaction of the latter with [(η5‐C5Me5)MCl2]2 (M=Rh, Ir) afforded the rhodium(III) and iridium(III) half‐sandwich complexes [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}MCl(η5‐C5Me5)] (5–8). The direct reaction of the lithium salts 1 and 2 with a half or a full equivalent of [M(COD)Cl]2 (M=Rh, Ir) afforded the monometallic complexes [{(WCA‐IDipp)E}M(COD)] (9–12) or the bimetallic complexes [μ2‐{(WCA‐IDipp)E}M2(COD)2(μ2‐Cl)] (13–16), respectively. The bonding situation in these complexes has been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealing thiolate or selenolate ligand character with negligible metal‐chalcogen π‐interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Neitzel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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130
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Yaqoob M, Abbasi M, Anwar H, Iqbal J, Asad M, Asiri AM, Iqbal MA. Dative behavior of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with selenium in Se-NHC compounds. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are an eminent class of carbenes having a heterocyclic ring in which a divalent carbon atom is attached directly to a nitrogen atom. In the NHCs, the donation of lone pair is another important research in the dative bonding and not only in NHCs the dative bond plays a functionalized role in the other classes of complex formation like ylidones L → E ← L and carbones L → C ← L. M–NHC bond is L-M sigma-dative bond and NHCs are considered as strong sigma-donor ligands. The clear picture of the M–NHC bond can be better understood by M–NHC pi-interaction. M-L pi interaction is comprised of two steps. One is L → M sigma-donation and M → L π* back bonding. This dative donor nature of NHC and also its behavior in organoselenium is studied through DFT in which it’s optimized structure, bond lengths, molecular vibrations are calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazzah Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Mahvish Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Hira Anwar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad 38040 , Pakistan
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131
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Hu C, Huang S, Zhang Z, Yao H, Wu Y, Huang L, Yan X. Experimental and Computational Study on Photophysical Properties of Mesoionic Chalcogenones. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:4165-4170. [PMID: 34729937 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene adducts with main group elements (NHC=E) have aroused great interest and have been widely investigated in coordination chemistry. Among them, N-heterocyclic carbene adducts with chalcogens (NHC=Ch) have been known for a long time. Their investigations mostly focused on synthesis, coordination chemistry and electrochemistry. Their photophysical properties still remain unexplored. In this work, the photophysical properties of mesoionic carbene adducts with sulfur and selenium have been investigated both in solution and solid state. These compounds showed blue fluorescence in dichloromethane. While in solid state, orange to red room-temperature phosphorescence can be observed, and dual emission was found in mesoionic thiones. Furthermore, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were used to obtain insights into the luminescent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chubin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Haidan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Linwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
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132
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Mirzaeva I. Large relativistic effects in 119Sn NMR parameters: A case study of complex anions [Cp*M(SnCl3)nCl3−n]−, where M = Rh, Ir; n = 1, 2, 3. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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133
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Synthesis of mono- and bis- benzimidazolin-2-iminato titanium complexes and their catalytic performances in ethylene homo- and co- polymerizations. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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134
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Han Z, Gates DP. Metathesis of P=C Bonds Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14594-14599. [PMID: 34459044 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic metathesis of C=C bonds is a textbook reaction that has no parallel in the widely studied area of multiple bonds involving heavier p-block elements. A high-yielding P=C bond metathesis of phosphaalkenes (ArP=CPh2 , Ar=Mes, o-Tol, Ph) has been discovered that is catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC=Me2 IMe, Me2 Ii Pr). The products are cyclic oligomers formally derived from ArP=PAr [i. e. cyclo-(ArP)n ; n=3, 4, 5, 6] and Ph2 C=CPh2 . Preliminary mechanistic studies of this remarkable transformation have established NHC=PAr (Ar=Mes, o-Tol, Ph) as key phosphinidene transfer agents. In addition, novel cyclic intermediates, such as, cyclo-(ArP)2 CPh2 and cyclo-(ArP)4 CPh2 have also been observed. This work represents a rare application of non-metal-based catalysts for transformations involving main-group elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Derek P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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135
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Raiser D, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Phosphine-Stabilized Pnictinidenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:14073-14080. [PMID: 34291518 PMCID: PMC8518042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the intramolecular germylene‐phosphine Lewis pair (o‐PPh2)C6H4GeAr* (1) with Group 15 element trichlorides ECl3 (E=P, As, Sb) was investigated. After oxidative addition, the resulting compounds (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)ECl2 (2: E=P, 3: E=As, 4: E=Sb) were reduced by using sodium metal or LiHBEt3. The molecular structures of the phosphine‐stabilized phosphinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)P (5), arsinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)As (6) and stibinidene (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(Cl)Sb (7) are presented; they feature a two‐coordinate low‐valent Group 15 element. After chloride abstraction, a cyclic germaphosphene [(o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)GeP] [B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] (8) was isolated. The 31P NMR data of the germaphosphene were compared with literature examples and analyzed by quantum chemical calculations. The phosphinidene was treated with [iBu2AlH]2, and the product of an Al−H addition to the low‐valent phosphorus atom (o‐PPh2)C6H4(Ar*)Ge(H)P(H)Al(C4H9)2 (9) was characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Raiser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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136
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Mames A, Pietrzak M, Bernatowicz P, Kubas A, Luboradzki R, Ratajczyk T. NMR Crystallography Enhanced by Quantum Chemical Calculations and Liquid State NMR Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Se-NHC Adducts*. Chemistry 2021; 27:16477-16487. [PMID: 34606111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC) are widely utilized in catalysis and material science. They are characterized by their steric and electronic properties. Steric properties are usually quantified on the basis of their static structure, which can be determined by X-ray diffraction. The electronic properties are estimated in the liquid state; for example, via the 77 Se liquid state NMR of Se-NHC adducts. We demonstrate that 77 Se NMR crystallography can contribute to the characterization of the structural and electronic properties of NHC in solid and liquid states. Selected Se-NHC adducts are investigated via 77 Se solid state NMR and X-ray crystallography, supported by quantum chemical calculations. This investigation reveals a correlation between the molecular structure of adducts and NMR parameters, including not only isotropic chemical shifts but also the other chemical shift tensor components. Afterwards, the liquid state 77 Se NMR data is presented and interpreted in terms of the quantum chemistry modelling. The discrepancy between the structural and electronic properties, and in particular the π-accepting abilities of adducts in the solid and liquid states is discussed. Finally, the 13 C isotropic chemical shift from the liquid state NMR and the 13 C tensor components are also discussed, and compared with their 77 Se counterparts. 77 Se NMR crystallography can deliver valuable information about NHC ligands, and together with liquid state 77 Se NMR can provide an in-depth outlook on the properties of NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mames
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bernatowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Luboradzki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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137
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Philipp MSM, Krahfuss MJ, Radacki K, Radius U. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Adducts of Antimony(III). Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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138
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Kremláček V, Kertész E, Benkő Z, Erben M, Jirásko R, Růžička A, Jambor R, Dostál L. Non-conventional Behavior of a 2,1-Benzazaphosphole: Heterodiene or Hidden Phosphinidene? Chemistry 2021; 27:13149-13160. [PMID: 34096106 PMCID: PMC8518707 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The titled 2,1-benzazaphosphole (1) (i. e. ArP, where Ar=2-(DippN=CH)C6 H4 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) showed a spectacular reactivity behaving both as a reactive heterodiene in hetero-Diels-Alder (DA) reactions or as a hidden phosphinidene in the coordination toward selected transition metals (TMs). Thus, 1 reacts with electron-deficient alkynes RC≡CR (R=CO2 Me, C5 F4 N) giving 1-phospha-1,4-dihydro-iminonaphthalenes 2 and 3, that undergo hydrogen migration producing 1-phosphanaphthalenes 4 and 5. Compound 1 is also able to activate the C=C double bond in selected N-alkyl/aryl-maleimides RN(C(O)CH)2 (R=Me, tBu, Ph) resulting in the addition products 7-9 with bridged bicyclic [2.2.1] structures. The binding of the maleimides to 1 is semi-reversible upon heating. By contrast, when 1 was treated with selected TM complexes, it serves as a 4e donor bridging two TMs thus producing complexes [μ-ArP(AuCl)2 ] (10), [(μ-ArP)4 Ag4 ][X]4 (X=BF4 (11), OTf (12)) and [μ-ArP(Co2 (CO)6 )] (13). The structure and electron distribution of the starting material 1 as well as of other compounds were also studied from the theoretical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Kremláček
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Erik Kertész
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4H-1111BudapestHungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4H-1111BudapestHungary
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFCHTUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 573532 10PardubiceCzech Republic
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139
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Zhuang Y, Qian Y, Tu D, Li Y, Liu J, Shen L, Wu D. NHC‐Stabilized Inverse Crown Ethers Featuring the μ
4
‐Oxo [Mg
4
O] Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhuang
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Yuansheng Qian
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Danyu Tu
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University No. 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
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140
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Voloshkin VA, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Recent advances in the synthesis and derivatization of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12058-12068. [PMID: 34519733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes have gained an incredible amount of attention in the course of the last two decades and have become indispensable as an intricate part of a plethora of applications. The areas of their synthesis and derivatization are constantly evolving and bring new, more sustainable, cost-effective and simpler approaches to the design of existing and next generation catalysts and materials. This article provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on those which have appeared during the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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141
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Schwarz N, Sun X, Yadav R, Köppe R, Simler T, Roesky PW. Application of the Redox-Transmetalation Procedure to Access Divalent Lanthanide and Alkaline-Earth NHC Complexes*. Chemistry 2021; 27:12857-12865. [PMID: 34165229 PMCID: PMC8518399 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Divalent lanthanide and alkaline-earth complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been accessed by redox-transmetalation between air-stable NHC-AgI complexes and the corresponding metals. By using the small ligand 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe), two series of isostructural complexes were obtained: the tetra-NHC complexes [LnI2 (IMe)4 ] (Ln=Eu and Sm) and the bis-NHC complexes [MI2 (IMe)2 (THF)2 ] (M=Yb, Ca and Sr). In the former, distortions in the NHC coordination were found to originate from intermolecular repulsions in the solid state. Application of the redox-transmetalation strategy with the bulkier 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) ligand yielded [SrI2 (IMes)(THF)3 ], while using a similar procedure with Ca metal led to [CaI2 (THF)4 ] and uncoordinated IMes. DFT calculations were performed to rationalise the selective formation of the bis-NHC adduct in [SrI2 (IMe)2 (THF)2 ] and the tetra-NHC adduct in [SmI2 (IMe)4 ]. Since the results in the gas phase point towards preferential formation of the tetra-NHC complexes for both metal centres, the differences between both arrangements are a result of solid-state effects such as slightly different packing forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Schwarz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Thomas Simler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS, École PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91120PalaiseauFrance
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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142
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Bellotti P, Koy M, Hopkinson MN, Glorius F. Recent advances in the chemistry and applications of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:711-725. [PMID: 37118184 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes, despite being isolated and characterized three decades ago, still capture scientists' interest as versatile, modular and strongly coordinating moieties. In the last decade, driven by the increasingly refined fundamental understanding of their behaviour, the emergence of new carbene frameworks and cogent sustainability issues, N-heterocyclic carbenes have experienced a tremendous increase in utilization across several disparate fields. In this Review, a concise overview of N-heterocyclic carbenes encompassing their history, properties and applications in transition metal catalysis, on-surface chemistry, main group chemistry and organocatalysis is provided. Emphasis is placed on developments emerging in the last seven years and on envisaging future directions.
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143
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Insights into the Factors Controlling the Origin of Activation Barriers in Group 13 Analogues of the Four-Membered N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22272-22283. [PMID: 34497916 PMCID: PMC8412915 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of C-H bond insertion and alkene cycloaddition were investigated theoretically using five model systems: group 13 analogues of the four-membered nucleophilic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) (1E; E = group 13 element). The theoretical findings indicate that, except for 1B with H2C=CH2, these four-membered NHCs undergo insertion and [1 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with difficulty because their activation barriers are quite high (31 kcal/mol). The theoretically confirmed chemical inertness of the four-membered NHCs 1Ga and 1In might explain why they have been experimentally detected at room temperature. Additionally, our theoretical observations indicate that the reactivity of these four-membered NHCs featuring a central group 13 element follows the order 1B ≫ 1Al > 1Ga > 1In > 1Tl. The theoretical examination suggests that the smaller the atomic radius of the central group 13 element in the four-membered NHC analogue is, the larger the aromaticity of this carbenic molecule is, the higher the basicity of this carbenic molecule in nature is, the larger its nucleophilic attack on other oncoming molecules is, the smaller the barrier heights of its C-H bond insertion and [1 + 2] cycloaddition reactions will be, the higher its exothermicities for these products will be, and thus, the greater its reactivity will be. Moreover, the present theoretical findings reveal that the reactivity of 1B is governed by its highest occupied molecular orbital, a nonbonding sp2 lone pair orbital. In contrast, the reactivity of the four heavier 1E' (E' = Al, Ga, In, and Tl) molecules is mainly determined by their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, a vacant p-π orbital. The conclusions gained from this study allow many predictions to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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144
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Sobhani S, Zarei H, Sansano JM. A new nanomagnetic Pd-Co bimetallic alloy as catalyst in the Mizoroki-Heck and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions in aqueous media. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17025. [PMID: 34426594 PMCID: PMC8382703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A Pd-Co bimetallic alloy encapsulated in melamine-based dendrimer supported on magnetic nanoparticles denoted as γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co was synthesized by a facile co-complexation-reduction method and characterized sufficiently. The catalytic evaluation of γ-Fe2O3@MBD/Pd-Co showed promising results in the Mizoroki-Heck and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions of various iodo-, bromo- and challenging chloroarenes in aqueous media. The synergetic cooperative effect of both Pd and Co and dispersion of the catalyst in water due to the encapsulation of γ-Fe2O3 by melamine-based dendrimer lead to high catalytic performance compared with the monometallic counterparts. The dispersion of the magnetic catalyst also facilitates the recovery and reuse of the catalyst by ten consecutive extraction and final magnetic isolation with no loss of catalytic activity, keeping its structure unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sobhani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Hamed Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - José Miguel Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
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145
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Abstract
Boron-centred radicals (boryl radicals) are potential and attractive species in main group chemistry and synthetic chemistry. Recently, the development of boron compounds ligated by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has sparked off advavnces in boryl radical chemistry because NHCs can highly stabilise boryl radicals by electronic and steric factors. This review highlights recent synthesis and reactions of such NHC-boryl radicals. From the standpoint of main group chemistry, examples of isolation or detection of unique NHC-boryl radicals are presented. From the standpoint of synthetic chemistry, on the other hand, the development of reactions of user-friendly NHC-boryl radicals, which has contributed to radical chemistry, organoboron chemistry and polymer science, is comprehensively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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146
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Grünwald A, Anjana SS, Munz D. Terminal Imido Complexes of the Groups 9–11: Electronic Structure and Developments in the Last Decade. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Grünwald
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - S. S. Anjana
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination Chemistry Saarland University Campus Geb. C4.1 66123 Saarbücken Germany
- Inorganic and General Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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147
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Obi AD, Machost HR, Dickie DA, Gilliard RJ. A Thermally Stable Magnesium Phosphaethynolate Grignard Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12481-12488. [PMID: 34346670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 2-phosphaethynolate (OCP) anion has found versatile applications across the periodic table but remains underexplored in group 2 chemistry due to challenges in isolating thermally stable complexes. By rationally modifying their coordination environments using 1,3-dialkyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), we have now isolated and characterized thermally stable, structurally diverse, and hydrocarbon soluble magnesium phosphaethynolate complexes (2, 4Me, and 8-10), including the novel phosphaethynolate Grignard reagent (2iPr). The methylmagnesium phosphaethynolate and magnesium diphosphaethynolate complexes readily activate dioxane with subsequent H-atom abstraction to form [(NHC)MgX(μ-OEt)]2 [X = Me (3) or OCP (8 and 9)] complexes. Their reactivities increased with the Lewis acidity of the Mg2+ cation and may be attenuated by Lewis base saturation or a slight increase in carbene sterics. Solvent effects were also investigated and led to the surreptitious isolation of an ether-free sodium phosphaethynolate (NHC)3Na(OCP) (6), which is soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons and can be independently prepared by the reaction of NHC and [Na(dioxane)2][OCP] in toluene. Under forcing conditions (105 °C, 3 days), the magnesium diphosphaethynolate complex (NHC)3Mg(OCP)2 (10) decomposes to a mixture of organophosphorus complexes, among which a thermal decarbonylation product [(NHC)2PI][OCP] (11) was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu D Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Haleigh R Machost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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148
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Acenaphthene-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have become a privileged structural motif in modern homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis. The last two decades have brought a plethora of structurally and electronically diversified carbene ligands, enabling the development of cutting-edge transformations, especially in the area of carbon-carbon bond formation. Although most of these were accomplished with common imidazolylidene and imidazolinylidene ligands, the most challenging ones were only accessible with the acenaphthylene-derived N-heterocyclic carbene ligands bearing a π-extended system. Their superior σ-donor capabilities with simultaneous ease of modification of the rigid backbone enhance the catalytic activity and stability of their transition metal complexes, which makes BIAN-NHC (BIAN—bis(imino)acenaphthene) ligands an attractive tool for the development of challenging reactions. The present review summarizes synthetic efforts towards BIAN-NHC metal complexes bearing acenaphthylene subunits and their applications in modern catalysis, with special emphasis put on recently developed enantioselective processes.
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149
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Sreejyothi P, Bhattacharyya K, Kumar S, Kumar Hota P, Datta A, Mandal SK. An NHC-Stabilised Phosphinidene for Catalytic Formylation: A DFT-Guided Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:11656-11662. [PMID: 34021640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the applications of low-valent main group compounds have gained momentum in the field of catalysis. Owing to the accessibility of two lone pairs of electrons, NHC-stabilised phosphinidenes have been found to be excellent Lewis bases; however, they cannot yet be used as catalysts. Herein, an NHC-stabilised phosphinidene, 1,3-dimethyl-2-(phenylphosphanylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H imidazole (1), for the activation of CO2 is reported.A closer inspection of the CO2 activation process by DFT calculations along with intrinsic bond orbital analysis shows that phosphinidene is associated with phenylsilane through a noncovalent π-π interaction between two phenyl rings which activates the Si-H bond facilitating hydride transfer to the CO2 molecule. Detailed DFT studies along with spectroscopic experiments were combined to understand the mechanism of CO2 activation and its catalytic reductive functionalisation leading to the formylation of a range of chemically inert primary amides under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sreejyothi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Kalishankar Bhattacharyya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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150
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Singh T, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. Compound with possible N → N coordination bond: Synthesis, crystal structure and electronic structure analysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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