101
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Vedachalam S, Choi BH, Pasunooti KK, Ching KM, Lee K, Yoon HS, Liu XW. Glycosylated porphyrin derivatives and their photodynamic activity in cancer cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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102
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Singh S, Aggarwal A, Thompson S, Tomé JPC, Zhu X, Samaroo D, Vinodu M, Gao R, Drain CM. Synthesis and photophysical properties of thioglycosylated chlorins, isobacteriochlorins, and bacteriochlorins for bioimaging and diagnostics. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2136-46. [PMID: 20964323 DOI: 10.1021/bc100356z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The facile synthesis and photophysical properties of three nonhydrolyzable thioglycosylated porphyrinoids are reported. Starting from meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin, the nonhydrolyzable thioglycosylated porphyrin (PGlc₄), chlorin (CGlc₄), isobacteriochlorin (IGlc₄), and bacteriochlorin (BGlc₄) can be made in 2-3 steps. The ability to append a wide range of targeting agents onto the perfluorophenyl moieties, the chemical stability, and the ability to fine-tune the photophysical properties of the chromophores make this a suitable platform for development of biochemical tags, diagnostics, or as photodynamic therapeutic agents. Compared to the porphyrin in phosphate buffered saline, CGlc₄ has a markedly greater absorbance of red light near 650 nm and a 6-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield, whereas IGlc₄ has broad Q-bands and a 12-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield. BGlc₄ has a similar fluorescence quantum yield to PGlc₄ (<10%), but the lowest-energy absorption/emission peaks of BGlc₄ are considerably red-shifted to near 730 nm with a nearly 50-fold greater absorbance, which may allow this conjugate to be an effective PDT agent. The uptake of CGlc₄, IGlc₄, and BGlc₄ derivatives into cells such as human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and K:Molv NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells can be observed at nanomolar concentrations. Photobleaching under these conditions is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York 10065, United States
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103
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Silva JN, Galmiche A, Tomé JPC, Boullier A, Neves MGPMS, Silva EMP, Capiod JC, Cavaleiro JAS, Santus R, Mazière JC, Filipe P, Morlière P. Chain-dependent photocytotoxicity of tricationic porphyrin conjugates and related mechanisms of cell death in proliferating human skin keratinocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1373-85. [PMID: 20691164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a poor treatment option for nodular basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. As a result, the search for new photosensitizers with better effectiveness is of current interest. The photocytotoxicity of conjugates (P-R) of a water-soluble tri-cationic porphyrin (P-H) having similar efficiency of production of singlet oxygen, the PDT cytotoxin, has been assessed in vitro. Links between uptake, intracellular localization, photooxidative stress, photocytotoxicity and ability to induce programmed cell death are established. Conjugates bearing methyl (P-Me), Di-O-isopropylidene-(-d-galactopyranosyl (P-OGal) or N,N'-dicyclohexylureidooxycarbonyl (P-DDC) chains are efficiently taken-up by proliferating NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. The relative order of photocytotoxicity is P-OGal >P-DDC=P-Me≫P-H. The photocytotoxic potential of P-Me, P-OGal and P-DDC equals that of endogenous protoporphyrin IX induced by δ-aminolevulinic acid or its esters, the pro-drugs currently employed for PDT of skin lesions. Microfluorometry shows that P-Me, P-OGal, and P-DDC localize in endocytotic or pinocytotic vesicles but not in mitochondria or nucleus. Absence of annexin V binding, caspase activation or chromatin condensation suggests that cell photosensitization by P-R does not induce apoptosis. On the other hand, P-OGal photocytotoxicity correlates with appearance of multiple vesicles that have hallmarks of autophagy compartments, being decorated with the marker LC3 in cells transfected with an expression vector encoding GFP-LC3. p38 and JNK phosphorylation and inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation suggest close relationship between mortality of NCTC 2544 keratinocytes and MAPK pathway impairment. Given their potentially easy formulation, water-soluble P-R are promising powerful photosensitizers for PDT of skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Nuno Silva
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
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104
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Lovell JF, Liu TWB, Chen J, Zheng G. Activatable photosensitizers for imaging and therapy. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2839-57. [PMID: 20104890 DOI: 10.1021/cr900236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1245] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Lovell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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105
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Makky A, Michel JP, Kasselouri A, Briand E, Maillard P, Rosilio V. Evaluation of the specific interactions between glycodendrimeric porphyrins, free or incorporated into liposomes, and concanavalin A by fluorescence spectroscopy, surface pressure, and QCM-D measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:12761-12768. [PMID: 20614896 DOI: 10.1021/la101260t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy, the specificity of a photosensitizer and its penetration into tumor cells are crucial. We have analyzed the ability of newly synthesized meso-(tetraphenyl)porphyrins to be recognized by a model of mannose-specific proteins overexpressed at the surface of retinoblastoma cells. The specific interaction of porphyrin with Con A was studied by surface pressure measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and QCM-D. The extent of porphyrins binding to Con A was highly dependent upon their chemical structure. Glycodendrimeric porphyrins showed the higher binding constant to Con A. The length of the spacer separating the sugar from the tetrapyrrolic ring appeared to be crucial in controlling the interaction of the compounds with the lectin in solution or immobilized onto a solid substrate. The methodology used proved to be efficient for the selection of potentially active compounds. The glycodendrimeric porphyrins, especially the derivative having the longer spacer, interacted more significantly with the lectin than the compound devoid of any sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makky
- Univ Paris-Sud 11, UMR 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Surfaces, IFR 141, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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106
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Tian Y, Shumway BR, Meldrum DR. A New Crosslinkable Oxygen Sensor Covalently Bonded into Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-CO-Polyacrylamide Thin Film for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2010; 22:2069-2078. [PMID: 20352057 PMCID: PMC2844653 DOI: 10.1021/cm903361y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new oxygen sensor, compound 2, was synthesized through a chemical modification of a popularly used oxygen sensor of platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP). The new sensor compound 2 possesses four crosslinkable methacrylate functional moieties, enabling it to be polymerized and crosslinked with other monomers for polymer sensing film (also called membrane) preparation. Using this characteristic, compound 2 was covalently bonded to hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-polyacrylamide (referred to as PHEMA to simplify) and hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) films. To better understand the advantages and disadvantages of chemical crosslinking approaches and the influence of polymer matrices on sensing performance, PtTFPP was physically incorporated into the same PHEMA and PS matrices to compare. Response to dissolved oxygen (DO), leaching of the sensor molecules from their matrices, photostability of the sensors, and response time to DO changes were studied. It was concluded that the chemical crosslinking of the sensor compound 2 in polymer matrices: (i) alleviated the leaching problem of sensor molecules which usually occurred in the physically doped sensing systems and (ii) significantly improved sensors' photostability. The PHEMA matrix was demonstrated to be more suitable for oxygen sensing than PS, because for the same sensor molecule, the oxygen sensitivity in PHEMA film was higher than that in PS and response time to DO change in the PHEMA film was faster than that in PS. It was the first time oxygen sensing films were successfully prepared using biocompatible hydrophilic PHEMA as a matrix, which does not allow leaching of the sensor molecules from the polymer matrix, has a faster response to DO changes than that of PS, and does not present cytotoxicity to human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549). It is expected that the new sensor compound 2 and its similar compounds with chemically crosslinking characteristics can be widely applied to generate many interesting oxygen sensing materials for studying biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Tian
- Center for Ecogenomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Bradley R. Shumway
- Center for Ecogenomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Deirdre R. Meldrum
- Center for Ecogenomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
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107
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Lefebvre JF, Leclercq D, Gisselbrecht JP, Richeter S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic Properties of Metalloporphyrins Annulated to Exocyclic Imidazole and Imidazolium Rings. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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108
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Mikata Y, Sawaguchi T, Kakuchi T, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US, Ohi H, Yano S. Control of the Aggregation Properties of Tris(maltohexaose)-Linked Porphyrins with an Alkyl Chain. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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109
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Abstract
From the authors' opinion, this chapter constitutes a modest extension of the seminal and inspiring contribution of Stowell and Lee on neoglycoconjugates published in this series [C. P. Stowell and Y. C. Lee, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 37 (1980) 225-281]. The outstanding progresses achieved since then in the field of the "glycoside cluster effect" has witnessed considerable creativity in the design and synthetic strategies toward a vast array of novel carbohydrate structures and reflects the dynamic activity in the field even since the recent chapter by the Nicotra group in this series [F. Nicotra, L. Cipolla, F. Peri, B. La Ferla, and C. Radaelli, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 61 (2007) 353-398]. Beyond the more classical neoglycoproteins and glycopolymers (not covered in this work) a wide range of unprecedented and often artistically beautiful multivalent and monodisperse nanostructures, termed glycodendrimers for the first time in 1993, has been created. This chapter briefly surveys the concept of multivalency involved in carbohydrate-protein interactions. The topic is also discussed in regard to recent steps undertaken in glycobiology toward identification of lead candidates using microarrays and modern analytical tools. A systematic description of glycocluster and glycodendrimer synthesis follows, starting from the simplest architectures and ending in the most complex ones. Presentation of multivalent glycostructures of intermediate size and comprising, calix[n]arene, porphyrin, cyclodextrin, peptide, and carbohydrate scaffolds, has also been intercalated to better appreciate the growing synthetic complexity involved. A subsection describing novel all-carbon-based glycoconjugates such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes is inserted, followed by a promising strategy involving dendrons self-assembling around metal chelates. The chapter then ends with those glycodendrimers that have been prepared using commercially available dendrimers possessing varied functionalities, or systematically synthesized using either divergent or convergent strategies.
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110
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Ménard F, Sol V, Ringot C, Granet R, Alves S, Morvan CL, Queneau Y, Ono N, Krausz P. Synthesis of tetraglucosyl- and tetrapolyamine–tetrabenzoporphyrin conjugates for an application in PDT. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7647-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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111
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Silva JN, Bosca F, Tomé JPC, Silva EMP, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Patterson LK, Filipe P, Mazière JC, Santus R. Tricationic Porphyrin Conjugates: Evidence for Chain-Structure-Dependent Relaxation of Excited Singlet and Triplet States. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:16695-704. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907930w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João Nuno Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Francisco Bosca
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Eduarda M. P. Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Larry K. Patterson
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Paulo Filipe
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - Jean-Claude Mazière
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
| | - René Santus
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Hospital de Santa Maria, Clinica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1600 Lisboa, Portugal, INSERM, ERI12, F-80054 Amiens, France, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, EA 4292, F-80036 Amiens, France, CHU Amiens, Laboratoire de Biochimie, F-80054 Amiens, France, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Instituto de Tecnologia Química, 46022 Valencia, Spain, Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Química, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, University of
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112
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Hirohara S, Obata M, Alitomo H, Sharyo K, Ando T, Tanihara M, Yano S. Synthesis, photophysical properties and sugar-dependent in vitro photocytotoxicity of pyrrolidine-fused chlorins bearing S-glycosides. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 97:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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113
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114
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Zheng X, Morgan J, Pandey SK, Chen Y, Tracy E, Baumann H, Missert JR, Batt C, Jackson J, Bellnier DA, Henderson BW, Pandey RK. Conjugation of 2-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) to carbohydrates changes its subcellular distribution and enhances photodynamic activity in vivo. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4306-18. [PMID: 19507863 DOI: 10.1021/jm9001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate moieties on conjugating with 3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)-3-devinyl pyropeophorbide-a (HPPH) altered the uptake and intracellular localization from mitochondria to lysosomes. In vitro, HPPH-Gal 9 PDT showed increased PDT efficacy over HPPH-PDT as detectable by the oxidative cross-linking of nonphosphorylated STAT3 and cell killing in ABCG2-expressing RIF cells but not in ABCG2-negative Colon26 cells. This increased efficacy in RIF cells could at least partially be attributed to increased cellular accumulation of 9, suggesting a role of the ABCG2 transporter for which HPPH is a substrate. While such differences in the accumulation in HPPH derivatives by tumor tissue in vivo were not detectable, 9 still showed an elevated light dose-dependent activity compared to HPPH in mice bearing RIF as well as Colon26 tumors. Further optimization of the carbohydrate conjugates at variable treatment parameters in vivo is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- PDT Center, Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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115
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Bakar MB, Oelgemöller M, Senge MO. Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. Part 2: Synthetic studies for photo-triggered release systems of bioconjugate porphyrin photosensitizers. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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116
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Xue Z, Kwong DWJ, Xue LW, Liu Q, Hou AX, Wong WK. Synthesis of novel diselenide-linked porphyrin dimers under phase-transfer catalysis condition and their interactions with DNA. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:1131-43. [PMID: 19623556 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Novel diselenide-linked porphyrin dimers were synthesized under phase-transfer catalysis conditions. The targeted compounds were characterized by (1)H-NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopies, redox-potential measurements, and elemental analysis. The interaction of the title compounds with DNA was studied using UV/VIS, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The relative rates of singlet-oxygen production from the diselenide-linked porphyrin dimers upon photoirradiation were also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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117
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Becer C, Hoogenboom R, Schubert U. Click Chemistry beyond Metal-Catalyzed Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4900-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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118
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Becer C, Hoogenboom R, Schubert U. Klick-Chemie jenseits von metallkatalysierten Cycloadditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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119
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Hirohara S, Obata M, Alitomo H, Sharyo K, Ando T, Yano S, Tanihara M. Synthesis and Photocytotoxicity of S-Glucosylated 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(tetrafluorophenyl)porphyrin Metal Complexes as Efficient 1O2-Generating Glycoconjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:944-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800522y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hirohara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology, Osaka 572-8572, Japan, and Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Makoto Obata
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology, Osaka 572-8572, Japan, and Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroki Alitomo
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology, Osaka 572-8572, Japan, and Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Kohei Sharyo
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology, Osaka 572-8572, Japan, and Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ando
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology, Osaka 572-8572, Japan, and Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yano
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology, Osaka 572-8572, Japan, and Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Masao Tanihara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology, Osaka 572-8572, Japan, and Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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Rani-Beeram S, Meyer K, McCrate A, Hong Y, Nielsen M, Swavey S. A fluorinated ruthenium porphyrin as a potential photodynamic therapy agent: synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, and melanoma cell studies. Inorg Chem 2009; 47:11278-83. [PMID: 18980373 DOI: 10.1021/ic8015589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When the new porphyrin 5,10-(4-pyridyl)-15,20-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin is reacted with 2 equiv of Ru(bipy)(2)Cl(2) (where bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine) formation of the target ruthenated porphyrin is achieved with 40% yield. Strong electronic transitions are observed in the visible region of the spectrum associated with the porphyrin Soret and four Q-bands. A shoulder at slightly higher energy than the Soret band is attributed to the Ru(dpi) to bipy(pi*) metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band. The bipyridyl pi to pi* transition occurs at 295 nm. Cyclic voltammetry experiments reveal two single-electron redox couples in the cathodic region at E(1/2) = -0.80 and -1.18 V vs Ag/AgCl associated with the porphyrin. Two overlapping redox couples at E(1/2) = 0.83 V vs Ag/AgCl due to the Ru(III/II) centers is also observed. DNA titrations using calf thymus (CT) DNA and the ruthenium porphyrin give a K(b) = 7.6 x 10(5) M(-1) indicating a strong interaction between complex and DNA. When aqueous solutions of supercoiled DNA and ruthenium porphyrin are irradiated with visible light (energy lower than 400 nm), complete nicking of the DNA is observed. Cell studies show that the ruthenated porphyrin is more toxic to melanoma skin cells than to normal fibroblast cells. When irradiated with a 60 W tungsten lamp, the ruthenium porphyrin preferentially leads to apoptosis of the melanoma cells over the normal skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandya Rani-Beeram
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2320, USA
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Sun S, Wu D, Wei Q, Han Y, Chen X, Shen Y, Zhu P, Du B. Study and Application of the Interaction Between Asymmetrical Porphyrin and Ascorbic Acid. J Fluoresc 2009; 19:809-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-009-0478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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122
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Becer CR, Babiuch K, Pilz D, Hornig S, Heinze T, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Clicking Pentafluorostyrene Copolymers: Synthesis, Nanoprecipitation, and Glycosylation. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Remzi Becer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Babiuch
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David Pilz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hornig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), John F. Kennedylaan 2, 5612 AB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Liu JY, Lo PC, Fong WP, Ng DKP. Effects of the number and position of the substituents on the in vitro photodynamic activities of glucosylated zinc(II) phthalocyanines. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1583-91. [PMID: 19343244 DOI: 10.1039/b822128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of mono-beta-, di-alpha- and di-beta-substituted phthalonitriles which contain one or two tetraethylene-glycol-linked 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose unit(s) were prepared by typical substitution reactions. These precursors underwent self-cyclisation or mixed-cyclisation with an excess of unsubstituted phthalonitrile in the presence of Zn(OAc)(2) x 2 H(2)O and DBU to give the corresponding zinc(II) phthalocyanines with 1, 2 or 4 glucosylated substituent(s). For the di-alpha- and tetra-beta-glucosylated analogues, removal of the isopropylidene groups was also performed by the treatment with trifluoroacetic acid and water to give the corresponding water-soluble deprotected glucosylated derivatives. All of these glucoconjugated phthalocyanines were fully characterised with various spectroscopic methods and studied for their photophysical properties and in vitro photodynamic activities against HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma and HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. The tetra-beta-glucosylated phthalocyanines ZnPc(beta-PGlu)(4) (4) and ZnPc(beta-Glu)(4) (5) were found to be essentially non-cytotoxic. By contrast, the mono- and di-glucosylated analogues ZnPc(beta-PGlu) (7), ZnPc(alpha-PGlu)(2) (11), ZnPc(alpha-Glu)(2) (12) and ZnPc(beta-PGlu)(2) (20) exhibited substantial photocytotoxicity. The isopropylidene-protected di-alpha-substituted derivative 11 was particularly potent, having IC(50) values as low as 0.03 microM. The different photodynamic activities of these compounds can be attributed to their different extent of cellular uptake and aggregation tendency in the biological media, which greatly affect their singlet oxygen generation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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124
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Iqbal Z, Hanack M, Ziegler T. Synthesis of an octasubstituted galactose zinc(II) phthalocyanine. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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125
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Sibani SA, McCarron PA, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF. Photosensitiser delivery for photodynamic therapy. Part 2: systemic carrier platforms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 5:1241-54. [PMID: 18976134 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802444673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of solid tumours and angiogenic ocular diseases by photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the injection of a photosensitiser (PS) to destroy target cells through a combination of visible light irradiation and molecular oxygen. There is currently great interest in the development of efficient and specific carrier delivery platforms for systemic PDT. OBJECTIVE This article aims to review recent developments in systemic carrier delivery platforms for PDT, with an emphasis on target specificity. METHODS Recent publications, spanning the last five years, concerning delivery carrier platforms for systemic PDT were reviewed, including PS conjugates, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes and nanoparticles. RESULTS/CONCLUSION PS conjugates and supramolecular delivery platforms can improve PDT selectivity by exploiting cellular and physiological specificities of the targeted tissue. Overexpression of receptors in cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells allows their targeting by affinity-based moieties for the selective uptake of PS conjugates and encapsulating delivery carriers, while the abnormal tumour neovascularisation induces a specific accumulation of heavy weighted PS carriers by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, polymeric prodrug delivery platforms triggered by the acidic nature of the tumour environment or the expression of proteases can be designed. Promising results obtained with recent systemic carrier platforms will, in due course, be translated into the clinic for highly efficient and selective PDT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane A Sibani
- Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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126
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Moore CM, Pendse D, Emberton M. Photodynamic therapy for prostate cancer—a review of current status and future promise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 6:18-30. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpuro1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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127
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Dahlstedt E, Collins HA, Balaz M, Kuimova MK, Khurana M, Wilson BC, Phillips D, Anderson HL. One- and two-photon activated phototoxicity of conjugated porphyrin dimers with high two-photon absorption cross sections. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:897-904. [DOI: 10.1039/b814792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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128
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Garcia G, Sarrazy V, Sol V, Morvan CL, Granet R, Alves S, Krausz P. DNA photocleavage by porphyrin–polyamine conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:767-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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129
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Thompson S, Chen X, Hui L, Toschi A, Foster DA, Drain CM. Low concentrations of a non-hydrolysable tetra-S-glycosylated porphyrin and low light induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via stress of the endoplasmic reticulum. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1415-21. [PMID: 18958330 PMCID: PMC6201688 DOI: 10.1039/b806536e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble tetra-S-glycosylated porphyrin (P-Glu(4)) is absorbed by MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells whereupon irradiation with visible light causes necrosis or apoptosis depending on the concentration of the porphyrin and the power of the light. With the same amount of light irradiation power (9.4 W m(-2)), at 10-20 microM concentrations necrosis is predominantly observed, while at <10 microM concentrations, apoptosis is the principal cause of cell death. Of the various possible pathways for the induction of apoptosis, experiments demonstrate that calcium is released from the endoplasmic reticulum, cytochrome c is liberated from the mitochondria to the cytosol, pro-caspase-3 is activated, poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase is cleaved, and the chromatin is condensed subsequent to photodynamic treatment of these cells. Confocal microscopy indicates a substantial portion of the P-Glu(4) is located in the endoplasmic reticulum at <10 microM. These data indicate that the photodynamic treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells using low concentrations of the P-Glu(4) porphyrin and low light induces apoptosis mostly initiated from stress produced to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. ; Tel: 212-650-3791
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. ; Tel: 212-650-3791
| | - Li Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alfredo Toschi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David A. Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. ; Tel: 212-650-3791
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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130
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Dogutan DK, Ptaszek M, Lindsey JS. Rational or Statistical Routes from 1-Acyldipyrromethanes to meso-Substituted Porphyrins. Distinct Patterns, Multiple Pyridyl Substituents, and Amphipathic Architectures. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6187-201. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800588n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Kiper Dogutan
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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131
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Serra A, Pineiro M, Rocha Gonsalves A, Abrantes M, Laranjo M, Santos A, Botelho M. Halogen atom effect on photophysical and photodynamic characteristics of derivatives of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2008; 92:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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132
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Carbaporphyrin ketals as potential agents for a new photodynamic therapy treatment of leishmaniasis. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7033-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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133
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134
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Silva JN, Silva AMG, Tomé JP, Ribeiro AO, Domingues MRM, Cavaleiro JAS, Silva AMS, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Serra OA, Bosca F, Filipe P, Santus R, Morlière P. Photophysical properties of a photocytotoxic fluorinated chlorin conjugated to four beta-cyclodextrins. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:834-43. [PMID: 18597032 DOI: 10.1039/b800348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-chlorin with the reduced pyrrole ring linked to an isoxazolidine ring (FC) has been conjugated to four beta-cyclodextrins (CDFC). The CDFC exhibits excellent water solubility and is a potent photosensitizer towards proliferating NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes. The study by conventional steady state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies and by time-resolved femto- and nanosecond laser flash spectroscopies suggests that in ethanol and pH 7 buffer the beta-cyclodextrins embed the highly hydrophobic tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-chlorin macrocycle and strongly interact with the chlorin rings in the singlet and triplet manifolds. In these solvents, femtosecond spectroscopy suggests that the conjugate undergoes a rapid relaxation in the upper excited singlet states induced by photochemical and/or conformation change(s) at a rate of about 5 ps(-1) to fluorescent states whose lifetime is approximately 8 ns. This interaction is destroyed upon addition of Triton X100 to buffer. Both FC and CDFC strongly fluoresce (Phi(F) approximately 0.5) in micelles. Similar behavior is observed at the triplet level. In ethanol and water, the initial transient triplet state absorbance decays within 1-3 mus yielding a longer lived triplet with spectral properties indistinguishable from that of original difference absorbance spectra. The determination of the molar absorbance in the 440-460 nm region ( approximately 35 000 M(-1) cm(-1)) leads to an estimate of approximately 0.2 for the triplet formation quantum yield of FC in toluene and of FC and CDFC in Triton X100 micelles. Quenching of the CDFC triplets by dioxygen in buffer produces (1)O(2) in a good yield consistent with the effective photocytotoxicity of the chlorin-cyclodextrins conjugate towards cultured NCTC 2544 human keratinocytes. By contrast, FC which aggregates in buffer produces little if any (1)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Nuno Silva
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Clínica Universitária de Dermatologia, 1699, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sibrian-Vazquez M, Jensen TJ, Vicente MGH. Synthesis, Characterization, and Metabolic Stability of Porphyrin−Peptide Conjugates Bearing Bifunctional Signaling Sequences. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2915-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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136
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Hao E, Friso E, Miotto G, Jori G, Soncin M, Fabris C, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Vicente MGH. Synthesis and biological investigations of tetrakis(p-carboranylthio-tetrafluorophenyl)chlorin (TPFC). Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3732-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b807836j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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137
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138
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LI HP, CAO Z, XIAO HW. Synthesis of Lactosylated Piperazinyl Porphyrins and Their Biological Activity. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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139
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Choi CF, Huang JD, Lo PC, Fong WP, Ng DKP. Glycosylated zinc(ii) phthalocyanines as efficient photosensitisers for photodynamic therapy. Synthesis, photophysical properties and in vitro photodynamic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2173-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b802212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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140
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Hirohara S, Obata M, Alitomo H, Sharyo K, Ogata SI, Ohtsuki C, Yano S, Ando T, Tanihara M. Structure-Photodynamic Effect Relationships of 24 Glycoconjugated Photosensitizers in HeLa Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2265-72. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hirohara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Makoto Obata
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University
| | - Hiroki Alitomo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Osaka Prefectural College of Technology
| | - Kohei Sharyo
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Shin-ichi Ogata
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University
| | - Chikara Ohtsuki
- Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Shigenobu Yano
- Endowed Research Section, Photomedical Science, Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University
| | - Tsuyoshi Ando
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Masao Tanihara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
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141
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Quan J, Xu JM, Liu BK, Zheng CZ, Lin XF. Synthesis and characterization of drug–saccharide conjugates by enzymatic strategy in organic media. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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142
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Samaroo D, Vinodu M, Chen X, Drain CM. meso-Tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin as an efficient platform for combinatorial synthesis and the selection of new photodynamic therapeutics using a cancer cell line. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2007; 9:998-1011. [PMID: 17877415 PMCID: PMC2535813 DOI: 10.1021/cc070067j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The four para fluoro groups on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (TPPF20) are known to react with a variety of nucleophiles, but the reaction conditions for this substitution reaction depend on the nature of the nucleophiles, e.g. primary amines versus thiols. Glycosylated derivatives of this core porphyrin have been shown to be effective photodynamic agents in the induction of necrosis or apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The present report demonstrates that TPPF20 can be used as a core platform to efficiently generate a variety of solution-phase combinatorial libraries. The focused combinatorial libraries have substituents that are chosen from a set of motifs known to bind biopolymers such as DNA, be taken up by cancer cells, or to render the compounds amphipathic. Incubation of a breast cancer cell line with these solution-phase libraries, followed by cell lyses and extraction, affords a selection assay. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of the extracts allows identification of the molecules taken up by the cells. Cell binding assays of the winning compounds synthesized directly indicate that both glycosylation and amphipathicity are key properties since neither tetraglycosylated porphyrins nor those with four polar groups are selected to the same extent. In addition, photodynamic efficacy was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Samaroo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Mikki Vinodu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Charles Michael Drain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
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143
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Samaroo D, Soll CE, Todaro LJ, Drain CM. Efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of amine-substituted tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. Org Lett 2007; 8:4985-8. [PMID: 17048824 PMCID: PMC2631550 DOI: 10.1021/ol060946z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient and rapid means for the synthesis of tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TPPF(20)) derivatives by microwave irradiation in an environmentally acceptable solvent. The selective displacement of the para-fluorine groups in TPPF(20) by primary amines occurs in yields between 70 and 95%. This method demonstrates that TPPF(20) is an ideal platform for the rapid formation of porphyrin conjugates for therapeutic, catalytic, and other applications. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Samaroo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695Park Ave, New York, NY 10021
| | - Clifford E. Soll
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695Park Ave, New York, NY 10021
| | - Louis J. Todaro
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695Park Ave, New York, NY 10021
| | - Charles M. Drain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695Park Ave, New York, NY 10021
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
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144
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Synthesis, characterization and RNA-binding properties of a novel ruthenium(II) complex coordinated by 5-pyridine-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-007-0207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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145
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146
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Stefflova K, Li H, Chen J, Zheng G. Peptide-based pharmacomodulation of a cancer-targeted optical imaging and photodynamic therapy agent. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:379-88. [PMID: 17298029 PMCID: PMC2535810 DOI: 10.1021/bc0602578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a folate receptor-targeted, water-soluble, and pharmacomodulated photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent that selectively detects and destroys the targeted cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. This was achieved by minimizing the normal organ uptake (e.g., liver and spleen) and by discriminating between tumors with different levels of folate receptor (FR) expression. This construct (Pyro-peptide-Folate, PPF) is composed of three components: (1) pyropheophorbide a (Pyro) as an imaging and therapeutic agent, (2) peptide sequence as a stable linker and modulator improving the delivery efficiency, and (3) Folate as a homing molecule targeting FR-expressing cancer cells. We observed an enhanced accumulation of PPF in KB cancer cells (FR+) compared to HT 1080 cancer cells (FR-), resulting in a more effective post-PDT killing of KB cells over HT 1080 or normal CHO cells. The accumulation of PPF in KB cells can be up to 70% inhibited by an excess of free folic acid. The effect of Folate on preferential accumulation of PPF in KB tumors (KB vs HT 1080 tumors 2.5:1) was also confirmed in vivo. In contrast to that, no significant difference between the KB and HT 1080 tumor was observed in case of the untargeted probe (Pyro-peptide, PP), eliminating the potential influence of Pyro's own nonspecific affinity to cancer cells. More importantly, we found that incorporating a short peptide sequence considerably improved the delivery efficiency of the probe--a process we attributed to a possible peptide-based pharmacomodulation--as was demonstrated by a 50-fold reduction in PPF accumulation in liver and spleen when compared to a peptide-lacking probe (Pyro-K-Folate, PKF). This approach could potentially be generalized to improve the delivery efficiency of other targeted molecular imaging and photodynamic therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Stefflova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, MaRS Center, TMDT 5-363, 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, MaRS Center, TMDT 5-363, 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Joey and Toby Tanenbaum/Brazilian Ball Chair in Prostate Cancer Research
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: . Phone: 1-416-581-7666. Fax: 1-416-581-7667
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147
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Stepánek P, Dukh M, Saman D, Moravcová J, Kniezo L, Monti D, Venanzi M, Mancini G, Drasar P. Synthesis and solvent driven self-aggregation studies of meso-"C-glycoside"-porphyrin derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:960-70. [PMID: 17340012 DOI: 10.1039/b616096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New types of porphyrin derivatives bearing "C-glycoside" moieties, either in 5,10,15,20- or in 5,15-meso-positions, were prepared and fully characterized. The presence of the glycosidic groups imparts to the title macrocycles, besides an amphiphilic character, a clear tendency to form chiral suprastructures upon solvent-driven self-aggregation in different aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. Supra-assembly phenomena, in terms of the size and morphology of the resulting structures, as well as their kinetics of aggregation, were studied by UV-visible, fluorescence, resonance light scattering (RLS), and CD spectroscopy, indicating that the morphology of the aggregates depends strongly on the structure of the porphyrin rings, and on the bulk conditions of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stepánek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
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148
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Richeter S, Hadj-Aïssa A, Taffin C, van der Lee A, Leclercq D. Synthesis and structural characterisation of the first N-heterocyclic carbene ligand fused to a porphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2148-50. [PMID: 17520118 DOI: 10.1039/b704681b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The functionalisation of two neighboring beta-pyrrolic positions of a porphyrin by a fused N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, the subsequent metallation of this external coordination site by palladium(II) and the structural characterisation of the resulting compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Richeter
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UM2, CNRS, équipe CMOS, CC 007, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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149
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Cavaleiro JAS, Tomé JPC, Faustino MAF. Synthesis of Glycoporphyrins. HETEROCYCLES FROM CARBOHYDRATE PRECURSORS 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2007_056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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150
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Sibrian-Vazquez M, Jensen TJ, Vicente MGH. Synthesis and cellular studies of PEG-functionalized meso-tetraphenylporphyrins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2007; 86:9-21. [PMID: 16987669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of four PEG-functionalized porphyrins, containing one to four low molecular weight PEG chains linked via amide bonds to the para-phenyl positions of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, are reported. The hydrophobic character of the PEG-porphyrins decreases with the number of PEG chains linked to the porphyrin ring, while their tendency for aggregation in buffered aqueous solution increases. The porphyrins containing one or two PEG chains accumulated within human HEp2 cells to a much higher extent than those having three or four PEGs at the macrocycle periphery. All PEG-porphyrins were found to be non-toxic in the dark, and only those containing one or two PEG chains were phototoxic (IC(50)=2 microM at 1J/cm(2) light dose). The preferential sites of subcellular localization of the porphyrins containing one or two PEG chains were found to be the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while those containing three or four PEG chains localize preferentially in the lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sibrian-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 433 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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