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Comparison of the antibacterial effects of a short cationic peptide and 1% silver bioactive glass against extensively drug-resistant bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from burn patients. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1617-1628. [PMID: 30145712 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have already established that a short cationic peptide (CM11) has high antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterial pathogens. Considering the untreatable problem of burn infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, this study evaluated and compared antibacterial effects of the CM11 peptide and 1% silver-doped bioactive glass (AgBG) against extensively drug-resistant strains of these bacteria which were isolated from burn patients. Accordingly, the bacteria were isolated from burn patients and their antibiotic resistance patterns and mechanisms were fully determined. The isolated bacterial from patients were resistant to almost all commonly used antibiotics and silver treatment. The isolates acquired their resistance through inactivation of their porin, the overexpression of efflux pump, and beta-lactamase. CM11 peptide and 1% AgBG had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 16 μg ml-1 and ≥ 4 mg ml-1 for clinical isolates, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of peptide and 1% AgBG for resistant bacteria was ≥ 32 μg ml-1 and ≥ 4 mg ml-1, respectively. Among the clinical isolates, two P. aeruginosa isolates and one A. baumannii isolate were resistant to 1% AgBG disk. The CM11 peptide also showed high biocompatibility in vivo and no cytotoxicity against fibroblasts and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in concentrations ≤ 64 μg ml-1 and ≤ 32 μg ml-1, respectively, while the safe concentration of 1% AgBG for these cells was ≤ 16 μg ml-1. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the 1% silver is not safe and effective for treatment of such infections. The data suggest that CM11 peptide therapy is a reliable and safe strategy that can be used for the treatment of burn infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant isolates. The next stage of the study will be a multicenter clinical trial.
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102
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Chase OM, Espinasse A, Wilke KE, Carlson EE. Exploration of the Effects of γ-Phosphate-Modified ATP Analogues on Histidine Kinase Autophosphorylation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4368-4373. [PMID: 29944360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While two-component systems (TCSs), composed of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator, are the main signaling pathways in bacteria, global TCS activity remains poorly described. Here, we report the kinetic parameters of the HK autophosphorylation reaction using previously uncharacterized γ-phosphate-modified ATP analogues to further elucidate their utility as activity-based probes for global TCS analysis. Given the increased stability of thiophosphorylated histidine in comparison to that of the native phosphoryl modification, which is attributed to the decreased electrophilicity of this moiety, we anticipated that ATPγS may be turned over much more slowly by the HKs. Surprisingly, we found this not to be the case, with the turnover numbers decreasing <1 order of magnitude. Instead, we found that alkylation of the thiophosphate had a much more dramatic effect on turnover and, in one case, the binding affinity of this substrate analogue (BODIPY-FL-ATPγS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Chase
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Adeline Espinasse
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Kaelyn E Wilke
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 208 Harvard Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55454 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , 321 Church Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55454 , United States
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103
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Goswami M, Espinasse A, Carlson EE. Disarming the virulence arsenal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by blocking two-component system signaling. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7332-7337. [PMID: 30542536 PMCID: PMC6237130 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections have reached a “critical” threat status making novel therapeutic approaches required.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections have reached a “critical” threat status making novel therapeutic approaches required. Inhibiting key signaling enzymes known as the histidine kinases (HKs), which are heavily involved with its pathogenicity, has been postulated to be an effective new strategy for treatment. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of this approach with benzothiazole-based HK inhibitors that perturb multiple virulence pathways in the burn wound P. aeruginosa isolate, PA14. Specifically, our compounds significantly reduce the level of toxic metabolites generated by this organism that are involved in quorum-sensing and redox-balancing mechanisms. They also decrease the ability of this organism to swarm and attach to surfaces, likely by influencing their motility appendages. Quantitative transcription analysis of inhibitor-treated cultures showed substantial perturbations to multiple pathways including expression of response regulator GacA, the cognate partner of the “super regulator” of virulence, HK GacS, as well as flagella and pili formation. These promising results establish that blocking of bacterial signaling in P. aeruginosa has dramatic consequences on virulence behaviours, especially in the context of surface-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manibarsha Goswami
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 225 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , MN 55454 , USA .
| | - Adeline Espinasse
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 225 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , MN 55454 , USA .
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Minnesota , 225 Pleasant St. SE , Minneapolis , MN 55454 , USA . .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Minnesota , USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics , University of Minnesota , USA
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104
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Activation of Bacterial Histidine Kinases: Insights into the Kinetics of the cis Autophosphorylation Mechanism. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00111-18. [PMID: 29769379 PMCID: PMC5956149 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00111-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) are central to bacterial adaptation. However, the mechanisms underlying the reactions involving TCS proteins and their reaction rates are largely undetermined. Here, we employed a combined experimental and theoretical approach to elucidate the kinetics of autophosphorylation of three histidine kinases (HKs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, viz., MtrB, PrrB, and PhoR, all known to play a role in regulating its virulence. Using wild-type and mutant proteins, we performed dimerization assays, thermophoretic-affinity measurements, and competition-based phosphorylation assays to establish that for HK, MtrB autophosphorylation occurs in cis, similar to what has been proposed for the PhoR and PrrB HKs. Next, to determine the kinetics of cis autophosphorylation, we used a quantitative high-throughput assay and identified a two-step mechanism of HK activation, involving (i) the reversible association of HK with ATP, followed by (ii) its phosphorylation. We developed a mathematical model based on this two-step cis mechanism that captured the experimental data. Best-fit parameter values yielded estimates of the extent of HK-ATP association and the rates of HK autophosphorylation, allowing quantification of the propensity of HK autophosphorylation. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach presents a facile, scalable tool to quantify reactions involving bacterial TCS proteins, useful in antibacterial drug development strategies.IMPORTANCE Two-component systems consisting of an input-sensing histidine kinase (HK) and an output-generating response regulator (RR) are one of the key apparatuses utilized by bacteria for adapting to the extracellular milieu. HK autophosphorylation is shown to occur primarily in trans (intermolecular) and more recently shown to occur in cis (intramolecular). Although the catalysis of HK activation remains universal, the reaction scheme for evaluation of the kinetic parameter differs between these designs and cis mode largely remains unexplored. We combined experimental and theoretical approach to unravel two-step mechanism of activation of three cis mode HKs of M. tuberculosis The new mathematical model yields best-fit parameters to estimate the rates of HK-ATP association and HK autophosphorylation.
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105
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Regulatory Role of an Interdomain Linker in the Bacterial Chemotaxis Histidine Kinase CheA. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00052-18. [PMID: 29483161 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00052-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The histidine kinase CheA plays a central role in signal integration, conversion, and amplification in the bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction pathway. The kinase activity is regulated in chemotaxis signaling complexes formed via the interactions among CheA's regulatory domain (P5), the coupling protein CheW, and transmembrane chemoreceptors. Despite recent advancements in the understanding of the architecture of the signaling complex, the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation remains elusive. An interdomain linker that connects the catalytic (P4) and regulatory domains of CheA may mediate regulatory signals from the P5-CheW-receptor interactions to the catalytic domain. To investigate whether this interdomain linker is capable of both activating and inhibiting CheA, we performed in vivo screens to search for P4-P5 linker mutations that result in different CheA autokinase activities. Several CheA variants were identified with kinase activities ranging from 30% to 670% of the activity of wild-type CheA. All of these CheA variants were defective in receptor-mediated kinase activation, indicating that the natural receptor-mediated signal transmission pathway was simultaneously affected by these mutations. The altered P4-P5 linkers were sufficient for making significant changes in the kinase activity even in the absence of the P5 domain. Therefore, the interdomain linker is an active module that has the ability to impose regulatory effects on the catalytic activity of the P4 domain. These results suggest that chemoreceptors may manipulate the conformation of the P4-P5 linker to achieve CheA regulation in the platform of the signaling complex.IMPORTANCE The molecular mechanism underlying kinase regulation in bacterial chemotaxis signaling complexes formed by the regulatory domain of the histidine kinase CheA, the coupling protein CheW, and chemoreceptors is still unknown. We isolated and characterized mutations in the interdomain linker that connects the catalytic and regulatory domains of CheA and found that the linker mutations resulted in different CheA autokinase activities in the absence and presence of the regulatory domain as well as a defect in receptor-mediated kinase activation. These results demonstrate that the interdomain linker is an active module that has the ability to impose regulatory effects on CheA activity. Chemoreceptors may manipulate the conformation of this interdomain linker to achieve CheA regulation in the platform of the signaling complex.
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106
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Wilke KE, Fihn CA, Carlson EE. Screening serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for histidine kinase inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5322-5326. [PMID: 29706527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Histidine kinases of bacterial two-component systems are promising antibacterial targets. Despite their varied, numerous roles, enzymes in the histidine kinase superfamily share a catalytic core that may be exploited to inhibit multiple histidine kinases simultaneously. Characterized by the Bergerat fold, the features of the histidine kinase ATP-binding domain are not found in serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. However, because each kinase family binds the same ATP substrate, we sought to determine if published serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase inhibitors contained scaffolds that would also inhibit histidine kinases. Using select assays, 222 inhibitors from the Roche Published Kinase Set were screened for binding, deactivation, and aggregation of histidine kinases. Not only do the results of our screen support the distinctions between ATP-binding domains of different kinase families, but the lead molecule identified also presents inspiration for further histidine kinase inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelyn E Wilke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Conrad A Fihn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
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107
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Matern WM, Rifat D, Bader JS, Karakousis PC. Gene Enrichment Analysis Reveals Major Regulators of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gene Expression in Two Models of Antibiotic Tolerance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:610. [PMID: 29670589 PMCID: PMC5893760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic tolerance is believed to be a major factor in the lengthy duration of current tuberculosis therapies. In the current study, we have modeled antibiotic tolerance in vitro by exposing Mycobacterium tuberculosis to two distinct stress conditions: progressive hypoxia and nutrient starvation [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)]. We then studied the bacterial transcriptional response using RNA-seq and employed a bioinformatics approach to identify important transcriptional regulators, which was facilitated by a novel Regulon Enrichment Test (RET). A total of 17 transcription factor (TF) regulons were enriched in the hypoxia gene set and 16 regulons were enriched in the nutrient starvation, with 12 regulons enriched in both conditions. Using the same approach to analyze previously published gene expression datasets, we found that three M. tuberculosis regulons (Rv0023, SigH, and Crp) were commonly induced in both stress conditions and were also among the regulons enriched in our data. These regulators are worthy of further study to determine their potential role in the development and maintenance of antibiotic tolerance in M. tuberculosis following stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Matern
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dalin Rifat
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petros C Karakousis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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108
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Tseng TS, Tu IF, Chen HT, Lin LC, Tsai KC, Wu SH, Chen C. Protein–DNA complex-guided discovery of the antibacterial lead E1 for restoring the susceptibility ofKlebsiella Pneumoniaeto polymyxin B by targeting the response regulator PmrA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6372-6375. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01840e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
E1, a novel adjuvant lead, restored the susceptibility ofKlebsiella Pneumoniaeto Polymyxin B by targeting the response regulator PmrA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | | | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Ministry of Health and Welfare
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Ministry of Health and Welfare
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- The PhD Program for Medical Biotechnology
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chinpan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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109
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Gushchin I, Gordeliy V. Transmembrane Signal Transduction in Two-Component Systems: Piston, Scissoring, or Helical Rotation? Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29280502 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric and transmembrane (TM) signaling are among the major questions of structural biology. Here, we review and discuss signal transduction in four-helical TM bundles, focusing on histidine kinases and chemoreceptors found in two-component systems. Previously, piston, scissors, and helical rotation have been proposed as the mechanisms of TM signaling. We discuss theoretically possible conformational changes and examine the available experimental data, including the recent crystallographic structures of nitrate/nitrite sensor histidine kinase NarQ and phototaxis system NpSRII:NpHtrII. We show that TM helices can flex at multiple points and argue that the various conformational changes are not mutually exclusive, and often are observed concomitantly, throughout the TM domain or in its part. The piston and scissoring motions are the most prominent motions in the structures, but more research is needed for definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gushchin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudniy, Russia.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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110
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Talwar H, Hanoudi SN, Geamanu A, Kissner D, Draghici S, Samavati L. Detection of Cystic Fibrosis Serological Biomarkers Using a T7 Phage Display Library. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17745. [PMID: 29255267 PMCID: PMC5735098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF is characterized by repeated lung infections leading to respiratory failure. Using a high-throughput method, we developed a T7 phage display cDNA library derived from mRNA isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and leukocytes of sarcoidosis patients. This library was biopanned to obtain 1070 potential antigens. A microarray platform was constructed and immunoscreened with sera from healthy (n = 49), lung cancer (LC) (n = 31) and CF (n = 31) subjects. We built 1,000 naïve Bayes models on the training sets. We selected the top 20 frequently significant clones ranked with student t-test discriminating CF antigens from healthy controls and LC at a False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.01. The performances of the models were validated on an independent validation set. The mean of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the classifiers was 0.973 with a sensitivity of 0.999 and specificity of 0.959. Finally, we identified CF specific clones that correlate highly with sweat chloride test, BMI, and FEV1% predicted values. For the first time, we show that CF specific serological biomarkers can be identified through immunocreenings of a T7 phage display library with high accuracy, which may have utility in development of molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Talwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Samer Najeeb Hanoudi
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, 540 E, Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Andreea Geamanu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Dana Kissner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sorin Draghici
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, 540 E, Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, 540 E, Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E, Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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111
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Progressive loss of hybrid histidine kinase genes during the evolution of budding yeasts (Saccharomycotina). Curr Genet 2017; 64:841-851. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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112
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Vo CD, Shebert HL, Zikovich S, Dryer RA, Huang TP, Moran LJ, Cho J, Wassarman DR, Falahee BE, Young PD, Gu GH, Heinl JF, Hammond JW, Jackvony TN, Frederick TE, Blair JA. Repurposing Hsp90 inhibitors as antibiotics targeting histidine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5235-5244. [PMID: 29110989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To address the growing need for new antimicrobial agents, we explored whether inhibition of bacterial signaling machinery could inhibit bacterial growth. Because bacteria rely on two-component signaling systems to respond to environmental changes, and because these systems are both highly conserved and mediated by histidine kinases, inhibiting histidine kinases may provide broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. The histidine kinase ATP binding domain is conserved with the ATPase domain of eukaryotic Hsp90 molecular chaperones. To find a chemical scaffold for compounds that target histidine kinases, we leveraged this conservation. We screened ATP competitive Hsp90 inhibitors against CckA, an essential histidine kinase in Caulobacter crescentus that controls cell growth, and showed that the diaryl pyrazole is a promising scaffold for histidine kinase inhibition. We synthesized a panel of derivatives and found that they inhibit the histidine kinases C. crescentus CckA and Salmonella PhoQ but not C. crescentus DivJ; and they inhibit bacterial growth in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau D Vo
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Hanna L Shebert
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Shannon Zikovich
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Rebecca A Dryer
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Tony P Huang
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Lindsey J Moran
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Juno Cho
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Douglas R Wassarman
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Bryn E Falahee
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Peter D Young
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Garrick H Gu
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - James F Heinl
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - John W Hammond
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Taylor N Jackvony
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA
| | - Thomas E Frederick
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jimmy A Blair
- Williams College, Department of Chemistry, 47 Lab Campus Drive, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
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113
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Tiwari S, Jamal SB, Hassan SS, Carvalho PVSD, Almeida S, Barh D, Ghosh P, Silva A, Castro TLP, Azevedo V. Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems of Pathogenic Bacteria As Targets for Antimicrobial Therapy: An Overview. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1878. [PMID: 29067003 PMCID: PMC5641358 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial communities in a wide range of environmental niches sense and respond to numerous external stimuli for their survival. Primarily, a source they require to follow up this communication is the two-component signal transduction system (TCS), which typically comprises a sensor Histidine kinase for receiving external input signals and a response regulator that conveys a proper change in the bacterial cell physiology. For numerous reasons, TCSs have ascended as convincing targets for antibacterial drug design. Several studies have shown that TCSs are essential for the coordinated expression of virulence factors and, in some cases, for bacterial viability and growth. It has also been reported that the expression of antibiotic resistance determinants may be regulated by some TCSs. In addition, as a mode of signal transduction, phosphorylation of histidine in bacteria differs from normal serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation in higher eukaryotes. Several studies have shown the molecular mechanisms by which TCSs regulate virulence and antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we list some of the characteristics of the bacterial TCSs and their involvement in virulence and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, this review lists and discusses inhibitors that have been reported to target TCSs in pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Tiwari
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Syed B. Jamal
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Syed S. Hassan
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Biochemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Paulo V. S. D. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sintia Almeida
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Purba Medinipur, India
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Thiago L. P. Castro
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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114
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Goswami M, Wilke KE, Carlson EE. Rational Design of Selective Adenine-Based Scaffolds for Inactivation of Bacterial Histidine Kinases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8170-8182. [PMID: 28933546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial histidine kinases (HKs) are quintessential regulatory enzymes found ubiquitously in bacteria. Apart from their regulatory roles, they are also involved in the production of virulence factors and conferring resistance to various antibiotics in pathogenic microbes. We have previously reported compounds that inhibit multiple HKs by targeting the conserved catalytic and ATP-binding (CA) domain. Herein, we conduct a detailed structure-activity relationship assessment of adenine-based inhibitors using biochemical and docking methods. These studies have resulted in several observations. First, interaction of an inhibitor's amine group with the conserved active-site Asp is essential for activity and likely dictates its orientation in the binding pocket. Second, a N-NH-N triad in the inhibitor scaffold is highly preferred for binding to conserved Gly:Asp:Asn residues. Lastly, hydrophobic electron-withdrawing groups at several positions in the adenine core enhance potency. The selectivity of these inhibitors was tested against heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which possesses a similar ATP-binding fold. We found that groups that target the ATP-lid portion of the catalytic domain, such as a six-membered ring, confer selectivity for HKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manibarsha Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Kaelyn E Wilke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota , 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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115
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Kato A, Ueda S, Oshima T, Inukai Y, Okajima T, Igarashi M, Eguchi Y, Utsumi R. Characterization of H-box region mutants of WalK inert to the action of waldiomycin in Bacillus subtilis. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2017; 63:212-221. [PMID: 28674376 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The WalK/WalR two-component system is essential for cell wall metabolism and thus for cell growth in Bacillus subtilis. Waldiomycin was previously isolated as an antibiotic that targeted WalK, the cognate histidine kinase (HK) of the response regulator, WalR, in B. subtilis. To gain further insights into the action of waldiomycin on WalK and narrow down its site of action, mutations were introduced in the H-box region, a well-conserved motif of the bacterial HKs of WalK. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of waldiomycin against purified WalK protein with triple substitutions in the H-box region, R377M/R378M/S385A and R377M/R378M/R389M, were 26.4 and 55.1 times higher than that of the wild-type protein, respectively, indicating that these residues of WalK are crucial for the inhibitory effect of waldiomycin on its kinase activity. Surprisingly, this antibiotic severely affected cell growth in a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, but not transcription of WalR-regulated genes or cell morphology in B. subtilis strains that harbored the H-box triple substitutions on the bacterial chromosome. We hypothesized that waldiomycin targets other HKs as well, which may, in turn, sensitize B. subtilis cells with the H-box triple mutant alleles of the walK gene to waldiomycin. Waldiomycin inhibited other HKs such as PhoR and ResE, and, to a lesser extent, CitS, whose H-box region is less conserved. These results suggest that waldiomycin perturbs multiple cellular processes in B. subtilis by targeting the H-box region of WalK and other HKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Kato
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Shuhei Ueda
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Taku Oshima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Yoichi Inukai
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | | | | | - Yoko Eguchi
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Ryutaro Utsumi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
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Navarro-Arias MJ, Dementhon K, Defosse TA, Foureau E, Courdavault V, Clastre M, Le Gal S, Nevez G, Le Govic Y, Bouchara JP, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Noël T, Mora-Montes HM, Papon N. Group X hybrid histidine kinase Chk1 is dispensable for stress adaptation, host–pathogen interactions and virulence in the opportunistic yeast Candida guilliermondii. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:644-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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117
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Signalling assemblies: the odds of symmetry. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:599-611. [PMID: 28620024 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of proteins into complexes is fundamental to nearly all biological signalling processes. Symmetry is a dominant feature of the structures of experimentally determined protein complexes, observed in the vast majority of homomers and many heteromers. However, some asymmetric structures exist, and asymmetry also often forms transiently, intractable to traditional structure determination methods. Here, we explore the role of protein complex symmetry and asymmetry in cellular signalling, focusing on receptors, transcription factors and transmembrane channels, among other signalling assemblies. We highlight a recurrent tendency for asymmetry to be crucial for signalling function, often being associated with activated states. We conclude with a discussion of how consideration of protein complex symmetry and asymmetry has significant potential implications and applications for pharmacology and human disease.
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118
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Abriata LA, Albanesi D, Dal Peraro M, de Mendoza D. Signal Sensing and Transduction by Histidine Kinases as Unveiled through Studies on a Temperature Sensor. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1359-1366. [PMID: 28475313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Histidine kinases (HK) are the sensory proteins of two-component systems, responsible for a large fraction of bacterial responses to stimuli and environmental changes. Prototypical HKs are membrane-bound proteins that phosphorylate cognate response regulator proteins in the cytoplasm upon signal detection in the membrane or periplasm. HKs stand as potential drug targets but also constitute fascinating systems for studying proteins at work, specifically regarding the chemistry and mechanics of signal detection, transduction through the membrane, and regulation of catalytic outputs. In this Account, we focus on Bacillus subtilis DesK, a membrane-bound HK part of a two-component system that maintains appropriate membrane fluidity at low growth temperatures. Unlike most HKs, DesK has no extracytoplasmic signal-sensing domains; instead, sensing is carried out by 10 transmembrane helices (coming from two protomers) arranged in an unknown structure. The fifth transmembrane helix from each protomer connects, without any of the intermediate domains found in other HKs, into the dimerization and histidine phosphotransfer (DHp) domain located in the cytoplasm, which is followed by the ATP-binding domains (ABD). Throughout the years, genetic, biochemical, structural, and computational studies on wild-type, mutant, and truncated versions of DesK allowed us to dissect several aspects of DesK's functioning, pushing forward a more general understanding of its own structure/function relationships as well as those of other HKs. We have shown that the sensing mechanism is rooted in temperature-dependent membrane properties, most likely a combination of thickness, fluidity, and water permeability, and we have proposed possible mechanisms by which DesK senses these properties and transduces the signals. X-ray structures and computational models have revealed structural features of TM and cytoplasmic regions in DesK's kinase- and phosphatase-competent states. Biochemical and genetic experiments and molecular simulations further showed that reversible formation of a two-helix coiled coil in the fifth TM segment and the N-terminus of the cytoplasmic domain is essential for the sensing and signal transduction mechanisms. Together with other structural and functional works, the emerging picture suggests that diverse HKs possess distinct sensing and transduction mechanisms but share as rather general features (i) a symmetric phosphatase state and an asymmetric kinase state and (ii) similar functional outputs on the conserved DHp and ABD domains, achieved through different mechanisms that depend on the nature of the initial signal. We here advance (iii) an important role for TM prolines in transducing the initial signals to the cytoplasmic coiled coils, based on simulations of DesK's TM helices and our previous work on a related HK, PhoQ. Lastly, evidence for DesK, PhoQ, BvgS, and DctB HKs shows that (iv) overall catalytic output is tuned by a delicate balance between hydration potentials, coiled coil stability, and exposure of hydrophobic surface patches at their cytoplasmic coiled coils and at the N-terminal and C-terminal sides of their TM helices. This balance is so delicate that small perturbations, either physiological signals or induced by mutations, lead to large remodeling of the underlying conformational landscape achieving clear-cut changes in catalytic output, mirroring the required response speed of these systems for proper biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano A. Abriata
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Albanesi
- Laboratorio
de Fisiología Microbiana, Instituto de Biología Molecular
y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas
y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio
CONICET Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute
of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego de Mendoza
- Laboratorio
de Fisiología Microbiana, Instituto de Biología Molecular
y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas
y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio
CONICET Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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119
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Guimarães WG, Gondim ACS, Costa PMDS, Gilles-Gonzalez MA, Lopes LGF, Carepo MSP, Sousa EHS. Insights into signal transduction by a hybrid FixL: Denaturation study of on and off states of a multi-domain oxygen sensor. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 172:129-137. [PMID: 28458146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
FixL from Rhizobium etli (ReFixL) is a hybrid oxygen sensor protein. Signal transduction in ReFixL is effected by a switch off of the kinase activity on binding of an oxygen molecule to ferrous heme iron in another domain. Cyanide can also inhibit the kinase activity upon binding to the heme iron in the ferric state. The unfolding by urea of the purified full-length ReFixL in both active pentacoordinate form, met-FixL(FeIII) and inactive cyanomet-FixL (FeIII-CN-) form was monitored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The CD and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy revealed two states during unfolding, whereas fluorescence spectroscopy identified a three-state unfolding mechanism. The unfolding mechanism was not altered for the active compared to the inactive state; however, differences in the ΔGH2O were observed. According to the CD results, compared to cyanomet-FixL, met-FixL was more stable towards chemical denaturation by urea (7.2 vs 4.8kJmol-1). By contrast, electronic spectroscopy monitoring of the Soret band showed cyanomet-FixL to be more stable than met-FixL (18.5 versus 36.2kJmol-1). For the three-state mechanism exhibited by fluorescence, the ΔGH2O for both denaturation steps were higher for the active-state met-FixL than for cyanomet-FixL. The overall stability of met-FixL is higher in comparison to cyanomet-FixL suggesting a more compact protein in the active form. Nonetheless, hydrogen bonding by bound cyanide in the inactive state promotes the stability of the heme domain. This work supports a model of signal transduction by FixL that is likely shared by other heme-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellinson G Guimarães
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana C S Gondim
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mikael da Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marie-Alda Gilles-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, United States
| | - Luiz G F Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marta S P Carepo
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo H S Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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120
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Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1,4-dibenzoylthiosemicarbazide derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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121
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Lv Z, Zhao D, Chang J, Liu H, Wang X, Zheng J, Huang R, Lin Z, Shang Y, Ye L, Wu Y, Han S, Qu D. Anti-bacterial and Anti-biofilm Evaluation of Thiazolopyrimidinone Derivatives Targeting the Histidine Kinase YycG Protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:549. [PMID: 28408903 PMCID: PMC5374206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens in nosocomial infections. The main pathogenicity associated with S. epidermidis involves the formation of biofilms on implanted medical devices, biofilms dramatically decrease the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. This emphasizes the urgent need for designing novel anti-staphylococcal biofilm agents. Based on the findings that compound 5, targeting the histidine kinase domain of S. epidermidis YycG, possessed bactericidal activity against staphylococci, 39 derivatives of compound 5 with intact thiazolopyrimidinone core structures were newly designed, 7 derivatives were further screened to explore their anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. The seven derivatives strongly inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus in the minimal inhibitory concentration range of 1.56–6.25 μM. All the derivatives reduced the proportion of viable cells in mature biofilms. They all displayed low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and were not hemolytic to human erythrocytes. The biofilm inhibition activities of four derivatives (H5-32, H5-33, H5-34, and H5-35) were further investigated under shearing forces, they all led to significant decreases in the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. These results were suggestive that the seven derivatives of compound 5 have the potential to be developed into agents for eradicating biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Renzheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lina Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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122
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Wang N, She Z, Ingar Z, Martic S, Kraatz HB. A Bioorganometallic Approach to Study Histidine Kinase Autophosphorylations. Chemistry 2017; 23:3152-3158. [PMID: 28081291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Auto-phosphorylation of bacterial histidine kinases PhoR, PhoQ, and EnvZ has been investigated using adenosine-5'-[γ-ferrocene] triphosphate (Fc-ATP) as a cosubstrate for the first time. The study has been carried out in solution and on surface. Results from biochemical multiplex assay and surface electrochemical/optical methods are consistent, which successfully demonstrates that Fc-ATP is an efficient cosubstrate for histidine kinase auto-phosphorylations. The study also has discovered that the concentration of Fc-ATP influences the autophosphorylation efficiency. This developed methodology will provide a powerful tool in studying such biological processes towards further understanding of the involved mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/, Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhe She
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Zakiyya Ingar
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sanela Martic
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 2200 North Squirrel Road, Rochester, Michigan, 48309, USA
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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123
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Drug discovery targeting heme-based sensors and their coupled activities. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 167:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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124
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Hérivaux A, Dugé de Bernonville T, Roux C, Clastre M, Courdavault V, Gastebois A, Bouchara JP, James TY, Latgé JP, Martin F, Papon N. The Identification of Phytohormone Receptor Homologs in Early Diverging Fungi Suggests a Role for Plant Sensing in Land Colonization by Fungi. mBio 2017; 8:e01739-16. [PMID: 28143977 PMCID: PMC5285503 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01739-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine kinases (HKs) are among the most prominent sensing proteins studied in the kingdom Fungi. Their distribution and biological functions in early diverging fungi (EDF), however, remain elusive. We have taken advantage of recent genomic resources to elucidate whether relationships between the occurrence of specific HKs in some EDF and their respective habitat/lifestyle could be established. This led to the unexpected discovery of fungal HKs that share a high degree of similarity with receptors for plant hormones (ethylene and cytokinin). Importantly, these phytohormone receptor homologs are found not only in EDF that behave as plant root symbionts or endophytes but also in EDF species that colonize decaying plant material. We hypothesize that these particular sensing proteins promoted the interaction of EDF with plants, leading to the conquest of land by these ancestral fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Hérivaux
- Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, France
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Roux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, France
| | - Amandine Gastebois
- Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, France
| | | | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Latgé
- Institut Pasteur de Paris, Unité des Aspergillus, Paris, France
| | - Francis Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Angers, France
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125
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Systematic Analysis of Two-Component Systems in Citrobacter rodentium Reveals Positive and Negative Roles in Virulence. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00654-16. [PMID: 27872242 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00654-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is a murine pathogen used to model intestinal infections caused by the human diarrheal pathogens enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli During infection, bacteria use two-component systems (TCSs) to detect changing environmental cues within the host, allowing for rapid adaptation by altering the expression of specific genes. In this study, 26 TCSs were identified in C. rodentium, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that they are all expressed during murine infection. These TCSs were individually deleted, and the in vitro and in vivo effects were analyzed to determine the functional consequences. In vitro analyses only revealed minor differences, and surprisingly, type III secretion (T3S) was only affected in the ΔarcA strain. Murine infections identified 7 mutants with either attenuated or increased virulence. In agreement with the in vitro T3S assay, the ΔarcA strain was attenuated and defective in colonization and cell adherence. The ΔrcsB strain was among the most highly attenuated strains. The decrease in virulence of this strain may be associated with changes to the cell surface, as Congo red binding was altered, and qPCR revealed that expression of the wcaA gene, which has been implicated in colanic acid production in other bacteria, was drastically downregulated. The ΔuvrY strain exhibited increased virulence compared to the wild type, which was associated with a significant increase in bacterial burden within the mesenteric lymph nodes. The systematic analysis of virulence-associated TCSs and investigation of their functions during infection may open new avenues for drug development.
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126
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Burkholderia contaminans Biofilm Regulating Operon and Its Distribution in Bacterial Genomes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2016:6560534. [PMID: 28070515 PMCID: PMC5192318 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6560534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Burkholderia spp. is a principal cause of lung chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. A “lacking biofilm production” (LBP) strain B. contaminans GIMC4587:Bct370-19 has been obtained by insertion modification of clinical strain with plasposon mutagenesis. It has an interrupted transcriptional response regulator (RR) gene. The focus of our investigation was a two-component signal transduction system determination, including this RR. B. contaminans clinical and LBP strains were analyzed by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics resources. A four-component operon (BiofilmReg) has a key role in biofilm formation. The relative location (i.e., by being separated by another gene) of RR and histidine kinase genes is unique in BiofilmReg. Orthologs were found in other members of the Burkholderiales order. Phylogenetic analysis of strains containing BiofilmReg operons demonstrated evidence for earlier inheritance of a three-component operon. During further evolution one lineage acquired a fourth gene, whereas others lost the third component of the operon. Mutations in sensor domains have created biodiversity which is advantageous for adaptation to various ecological niches. Different species Burkholderia and Achromobacter strains all demonstrated similar BiofilmReg operon structure. Therefore, there may be an opportunity to develop a common drug which is effective for treating all these causative agents.
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127
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Adams FG. A key regulatory mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic Acinetobacter baumannii. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ma17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that has become a pressing global health issue in recent decades. Although virulence factors for this pathogen have been identified, details of how they are regulated are largely unknown. One widely employed regulatory mechanism that bacteria, such as A. baumannii, have adopted is through two component signal transduction systems (TCS). TCS consist of two proteins; a histidine kinase and response regulator. The histidine kinase allows the bacterium to sense alterations in the extracellular milieu, transmitting the information to the response regulator which prompts the cell to modify gene expression levels accordingly. Bacteria can encode multiple TCS, where each system can mediate specific responses to particular conditions or stressors. Identifying those conditions in which these TCS are expressed, and the genes they regulate known as their ‘regulon', is vital for understanding how A. baumannii survives and persists within the hospital environment or the human host during infection. As we enter the post-antibiotic era, knowledge of TCS could prove to be invaluable, as they offer an alternative target for the treatment of multidrug resistant bacterial infections.
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128
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Boibessot T, Zschiedrich CP, Lebeau A, Bénimèlis D, Dunyach-Rémy C, Lavigne JP, Szurmant H, Benfodda Z, Meffre P. The Rational Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Properties of Thiophene Derivatives That Inhibit Bacterial Histidine Kinases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8830-8847. [PMID: 27575438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria emphasizes the urgent need for novel antibacterial compounds targeting unique cellular processes. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are commonly used by bacteria to couple environmental stimuli to adaptive responses, are absent in mammals, and are embedded in various pathogenic pathways. To attenuate these signaling pathways, we aimed to target the TCS signal transducer histidine kinase (HK) by focusing on their highly conserved adenosine triphosphate-binding domain. We used a structure-based drug design strategy that begins from an inhibitor-bound crystal structure and includes a significant number of structurally simplifiying "intuitive" modifications to arrive at the simple achiral, biaryl target structures. Thus, ligands were designed, leading to a series of thiophene derivatives. These compounds were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against bacterial HKs. We identified eight compounds with significant inhibitory activities against these proteins, two of which exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The compounds were also evaluated as adjuvants for the treatment of resistant bacteria. One compound was found to restore the sensivity of these bacteria to the respective antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Boibessot
- EA7352 CHROME, Rue du Dr G. Salan, University of Nîmes , 30021 Nîmes cedex 1, France
| | - Christopher P Zschiedrich
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona, California 91766, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexandre Lebeau
- EA7352 CHROME, Rue du Dr G. Salan, University of Nîmes , 30021 Nîmes cedex 1, France
| | - David Bénimèlis
- EA7352 CHROME, Rue du Dr G. Salan, University of Nîmes , 30021 Nîmes cedex 1, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Rémy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Montpellier University , CHU de Nîmes, Place du Pr R. Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Montpellier University , CHU de Nîmes, Place du Pr R. Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Hendrik Szurmant
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona, California 91766, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- EA7352 CHROME, Rue du Dr G. Salan, University of Nîmes , 30021 Nîmes cedex 1, France.,IBMM, UMR-CNRS5247, Université de Montpellier , Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- EA7352 CHROME, Rue du Dr G. Salan, University of Nîmes , 30021 Nîmes cedex 1, France.,IBMM, UMR-CNRS5247, Université de Montpellier , Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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129
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Stress sensitivity of a fission yeast strain lacking histidine kinases is rescued by the ectopic expression of Chk1 from Candida albicans. Curr Genet 2016; 63:343-357. [PMID: 27613427 PMCID: PMC5383687 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-016-0644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of new drugs against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is compelling and the evolution of relevant bioassays is important to achieve this goal. Promising drug targets are proteins that lack human counterparts which are true for the His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction systems, important for stress sensing in bacteria, fungi, and plants. In the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, the CaChk1 histidine kinase is a trigger of the pathway that leads to a switch from yeast to hyphal growth necessary for invasion. Intriguingly, the model yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has a similar phosphorelay system, with three histidine kinases named Mak1, Mak2, and Mak3, which are important for the prevention of aberrant mating and sporulation on rich media. This study uncovered distinct functions for the three histidine kinases; Mak1 alone or Mak2 and Mak3 together were sufficient for the repression of the meiotic cycle when nutrients were available. Moreover, strains lacking histidine kinase genes were sensitive to various types of stress conditions in an auxotrophic strain background, while the stress sensitivity was lost in prototrophic strains. Finally, the stress sensitivity of a S. pombe strain that lacks endogenous histidine kinases could be complemented by the ectopic expression of the CaChk1 histidine kinase from C. albicans. This finding opens up for the possibility to perform a drug screen with a biological read-out in S. pombe to find inhibitors of CaChk1.
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130
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Kennedy EN, Menon SK, West AH. Extended N-terminal region of the essential phosphorelay signaling protein Ypd1 from Cryptococcus neoformans contributes to structural stability, phosphostability and binding of calcium ions. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow068. [PMID: 27549628 PMCID: PMC5815161 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid response to external stimuli is crucial for survival and proliferation of microorganisms. Pathogenic fungi employ histidine-to-aspartate multistep phosphorelay systems to respond to environmental stress, progress through developmental stages and to produce virulence factors. Because these His-to-Asp phosphorelay systems are not found in humans, they are potential targets for the development of new antifungal therapies. Here we report the characterization of the histidine phosphotransfer (HPt) protein Ypd1 from the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans Results from this study demonstrate that CnYpd1 indeed functions as a phosphorelay protein in vitro, and that H138 is confirmed as the site of phosphorylation. We found that CnYpd1 exhibits unique characteristics in comparison to other histidine phosphotransfer proteins, such as an extended N-terminal amino acid sequence, which we find contributes to structural integrity, a longer phosphorylated life time and the ability to bind calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Smita K Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Ann H West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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131
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Mohedano ML, Amblar M, de la Fuente A, Wells JM, López P. The Response Regulator YycF Inhibits Expression of the Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Repressor FabT in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1326. [PMID: 27610104 PMCID: PMC4996995 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The YycFG (also known as WalRK, VicRK, MicAB, or TCS02) two-component system (TCS) is highly conserved among Gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content. In Streptococcus pneumoniae the YycF response regulator has been reported to be essential due to its control of pcsB gene expression. Previously we showed that overexpression of yycF in S. pneumoniae TIGR4 altered the transcription of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, giving rise to anomalous cell division and increased chain length of membrane fatty acids. Here, we have overexpressed the yycFG system in TIGR4 wild-type strain and yycF in a TIGR4 mutant depleted of YycG, and analyzed their effects on expression of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during activation of the TCS. We demonstrate that transcription of the fab genes and levels of their products were only altered in the YycF overexpressing strain, indicating that the unphosphorylated form of YycF is involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, DNA-binding assays and in vitro transcription experiments with purified YycF and the promoter region of the FabTH-acp operon support a direct inhibition of transcription of the FabT repressor by YycF, thus confirming the role of the unphosphorylated form in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Mohedano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias Gram positivas, Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Amblar
- Unidad de Patología Molecular del Neumococo, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Alicia de la Fuente
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias Gram positivas, Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Department, University of Wageningen Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Paloma López
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Bacterias Gram positivas, Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
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132
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: targeting cell-wall metabolism for new antibacterial discovery and development. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:975-92. [PMID: 27228070 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. With therapeutic options against P. aeruginosa dwindling, and the lack of new antibiotics in advanced developmental stages, strategies for preserving the effectiveness of current antibiotics are urgently required. β-Lactam antibiotics are important agents for treating P. aeruginosa infections, thus, adjuvants that potentiate the activity of these compounds are desirable for extending their lifespan while new antibiotics - or antibiotic classes - are discovered and developed. In this review, we discuss recent research that has identified exploitable targets of cell-wall metabolism for the design and development of compounds that hinder resistance and potentiate the activity of antipseudomonal β-lactams.
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133
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Cai MG, Wu Y, Chang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2517-2520. [PMID: 27036520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With an intention to find more potent antibacterial agents, four halogen disubstituted thiazolineone derivatives (2a-d), five halogen monosubstituted thiazolineone derivatives (2e-i), and eleven 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives (2j-t) were synthesized and screened for their antibacterial activity, bactericidal activity, cytotoxicity, and erythrocyte hemolysis. Most of the synthesized derivatives showed antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and MRSA, and exhibited safety in the cytotoxicity study on the Vero cells and hemolytic activities test on healthy human erythrocytes. 2-Arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives not only improved the clog P, but also showed potent antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and MRSA. In particularly, several compounds (2f, 2i, 2r and 2t) showed bactericidal activity, in which compound 2r displayed the best inhibitory capacity among the synthesized compounds, and further druggability research is on going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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134
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Putative histidine kinase inhibitors with antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates identified by in vitro and in silico screens. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26085. [PMID: 27173778 PMCID: PMC4865847 DOI: 10.1038/srep26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antibacterials are urgently needed to address the growing problem of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Two-component systems (TCS) are widely used by bacteria to regulate gene expression in response to various environmental stimuli and physiological stress and have been previously proposed as promising antibacterial targets. TCS consist of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and an effector response regulator. The HK component contains a highly conserved ATP-binding site that is considered to be a promising target for broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. Here, we describe the identification of putative HK autophosphorylation inhibitors following two independent experimental approaches: in vitro fragment-based screen via differential scanning fluorimetry and in silico structure-based screening, each followed up by the exploration of analogue compounds as identified by ligand-based similarity searches. Nine of the tested compounds showed antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of bacterial pathogens and include three novel scaffolds, which have not been explored so far in other antibacterial compounds. Overall, putative HK autophosphorylation inhibitors were found that together provide a promising starting point for further optimization as antibacterials.
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135
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Abstract
Tetracyclines possess many properties considered ideal for antibiotic drugs, including activity against Gram-positive and -negative pathogens, proven clinical safety, acceptable tolerability, and the availability of intravenous (IV) and oral formulations for most members of the class. As with all antibiotic classes, the antimicrobial activities of tetracyclines are subject to both class-specific and intrinsic antibiotic-resistance mechanisms. Since the discovery of the first tetracyclines more than 60 years ago, ongoing optimization of the core scaffold has produced tetracyclines in clinical use and development that are capable of thwarting many of these resistance mechanisms. New chemistry approaches have enabled the creation of synthetic derivatives with improved in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy, ensuring that the full potential of the class can be explored for use against current and emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, MDR Acinetobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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136
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Two-component regulatory systems: The moment of truth. Res Microbiol 2015; 167:1-3. [PMID: 26428247 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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137
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Rauh D. Special Issue Focused on Two Areas Pertinent to Chemical Biology: Post-Translational Modifications and New Frontiers on Kinases. ACS Chem Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rauh
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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